---
access_dt: ~
attributes: Surface temperatures
cite_metadata: 'Mann, M. E., Zhang, Z., Hughes, M. K., Bradley, R. S., Miller, S. K., Rutherford, S., & Ni, F., 2008: Proxy-based reconstructions of hemispheric and global surface temperature variations over the past two millennia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(36), 13252-13257. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0805721105'
cited_by: []
contributors:
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    id: 34747
    organization:
      country_code: US
      identifier: pennsylvania-state-university
      international: ~
      name: The Pennsylvania State University
      organization_type_identifier: academic
      url: http://www.psu.edu/
    organization_uri: /organization/pennsylvania-state-university
    person:
      first_name: Michael E.
      id: 4926
      last_name: Mann
      middle_name: ~
      orcid: ~
      url: http://www.meteo.psu.edu/holocene/public_html/Mann/index.php
    person_id: 4926
    person_uri: /person/4926
    role_type_identifier: contributor
    uri: /contributor/34747
  - href: https://data.globalchange.gov/contributor/34748.yaml
    id: 34748
    organization:
      country_code: US
      identifier: national-oceanic-atmospheric-administration-paleoclimatology-program
      international: ~
      name: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Paleoclimatology Program
      organization_type_identifier: federal
      url: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data
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    role_type_identifier: data_archive
    uri: /contributor/34748
  - href: https://data.globalchange.gov/contributor/34749.yaml
    id: 34749
    organization:
      country_code: US
      identifier: world-data-center-paleoclimatology
      international: 0
      name: World Data Center for Paleoclimatology
      organization_type_identifier: research
      url: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data
    organization_uri: /organization/world-data-center-paleoclimatology
    person: {}
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    role_type_identifier: data_archive
    uri: /contributor/34749
data_qualifier: ~
description: 'Following the suggestions of a recent National Research Council report [NRC (National Research Council) (2006) Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years (Natl Acad Press, Washington, DC).], we reconstruct surface temperature at hemispheric and global scale for much of the last 2,000 years using a greatly expanded set of proxy data for decadal-to-centennial climate changes, recently updated instrumental data, and complementary methods that have been thoroughly tested and validated with model simulation experiments. Our results extend previous conclusions that recent Northern Hemisphere surface temperature increases are likely anomalous in a long-term context. Recent warmth appears anomalous for at least the past 1,300 years whether or not tree-ring data are used. If tree-ring data are used, the conclusion can be extended to at least the past 1,700 years, but with additional strong caveats. The reconstructed amplitude of change over past centuries is greater than hitherto reported, with somewhat greater Medieval warmth in the Northern Hemisphere, albeit still not reaching recent levels.'
description_attribution: ~
doi: ~
end_time: ~
files: []
gcmd_keywords: []
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/dataset/psu-nhhad_eiv_composite.yaml
identifier: psu-nhhad_eiv_composite
instrument_measurements: []
lat_max: ~
lat_min: ~
lon_max: ~
lon_min: ~
name: Proxy-based reconstructions of hemispheric and global surface temperature variations over the past two millennia
native_id: 'DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805721105'
parents:
  - activity_uri: ~
    label: Proxy-based reconstructions of hemispheric and global surface temperature variations over the past two millennia
    note: ''
    publication_type_identifier: article
    relationship: prov:wasInformedBy
    url: /article/10.1073/pnas.0805721105
processing_level: ~
publication_year: 2007
references: []
regions: []
release_dt: 2008-09-09T00:00:00
scale: ~
scope: ~
spatial_extent: 'maximum_latitude: 90.00; minimum_latitude: -90.00; maximum_longitude: 180.00; minimum_longitude: -180.00;'
spatial_ref_sys: ~
spatial_res: ~
start_time: ~
temporal_extent: 0300-01-01T00:00:00 2006-12-31T23:59:59
temporal_resolution: ~
type: ~
uri: /dataset/psu-nhhad_eiv_composite
url: http://www.meteo.psu.edu/~mann/supplements/MultiproxyMeans07/data/reconstructions/eiv/nhhad_eiv_composite.csv
variables: ~
version: N/A
vertical_extent: ~