---
- attributes: ~
caption: |+2
Figure 1: Observed and projected changes (compared to the 1901-1960 average) in near-surface air temperature for Iowa. Observed data are for 1900-2014. Projected changes for 2006-2100 are from global climate models for two possible futures: one in which greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase (higher emissions) and another in which greenhouse gas emissions increase at a slower rate (lower emissions). Temperatures in Iowa (orange line) have risen about 0.5°F since the beginning of the 20th century. Shading indicates the range of annual temperatures from the set of models. Observed temperatures are generally within the envelope of model simulations of the historical period (gray shading). Historically unprecedented warming is projected during the 21st century. Less warming is expected under a lower emissions future (the coldest years being about as warm as the hottest year in the historical record; green shading) and more warming under a higher emissions future (the hottest years being about 11°F warmer than the hottest year in the historical record; red shading)Source: CICS-NC and NOAA NCEI.
chapter_identifier: iowa
create_dt: 2015-08-12T00:00:00
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/iowa/figure/ia-observed-and-projected-temperature-change.yaml
identifier: ia-observed-and-projected-temperature-change
lat_max: 43.5010
lat_min: 40.3755
lon_max: -96.6394
lon_min: -90.1404
ordinal: 1
report_identifier: noaa-led-state-summaries-2017
source_citation: ~
submission_dt: ~
time_end: 2100-12-31T00:00:00
time_start: 1900-01-01T00:00:00
title: Observed and Projected Temperature Change
uri: /report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/iowa/figure/ia-observed-and-projected-temperature-change
url: ~
usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source.
- attributes: ~
caption: 'The release of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel burning in North America (shown here for 2010) vastly exceeds the amount that is taken up and temporarily stored in forests, crops, and other ecosystems (shown here is the annual average for 2000-2006). (Figure source: King et al. 2012b130f588-b962-4133-9aa9-46f1f8c8ffdb).'
chapter_identifier: biogeochemical-cycles
create_dt: 2012-11-01T10:33:00
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca3/chapter/biogeochemical-cycles/figure/major-north-american-carbon-dioxide-sources-and-sinks.yaml
identifier: major-north-american-carbon-dioxide-sources-and-sinks
lat_max: ~
lat_min: ~
lon_max: ~
lon_min: ~
ordinal: 1
report_identifier: nca3
source_citation: 'King et al. 2012b130f588-b962-4133-9aa9-46f1f8c8ffdb'
submission_dt: ~
time_end: ~
time_start: ~
title: Major North American Carbon Dioxide Sources and Sinks
uri: /report/nca3/chapter/biogeochemical-cycles/figure/major-north-american-carbon-dioxide-sources-and-sinks
url: http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/highlights/report-findings/ecosystems-and-biodiversity/graphics/major-north-american-carbon-dioxide
usage_limits: Copyright protected. Obtain permission from the original figure source.
- attributes: ~
caption: '(left) Potential climatic tipping elements affecting the Americas (Figure source: adapted from Lenton et al. 2008d64a3dbf-d45e-49de-98b9-b4ea32da888f ). (right) Wildfire and drought events from the NOAA Billion Dollar Weather Events list (1980–2016), and associated temperature and precipitation anomalies. Dot size scales with the magnitude of impact, as reflected by the cost of the event. These high-impact events occur preferentially under hot, dry conditions.'
chapter_identifier: potential-surprises
create_dt: 2016-09-09T17:00:09
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/potential-surprises/figure/overview-figure.yaml
identifier: overview-figure
lat_max: ~
lat_min: ~
lon_max: ~
lon_min: ~
ordinal: 1
report_identifier: climate-science-special-report
source_citation: ~
submission_dt: 2017-10-27T16:52:08
time_end: ~
time_start: ~
title: Compound Extremes and Tipping Elements
uri: /report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/potential-surprises/figure/overview-figure
url: ~
usage_limits: Copyright protected. Obtain permission from the original figure source.
- attributes: ~
caption: ~
chapter_identifier: coastal-property
create_dt: 2017-05-10T15:43:47
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/epa-multi-model-framework-for-quantitative-sectoral-impacts-analysis-2017/chapter/coastal-property/figure/figure-15-2.yaml
identifier: figure-15-2
lat_max: ~
lat_min: ~
lon_max: ~
lon_min: ~
ordinal: 2
report_identifier: epa-multi-model-framework-for-quantitative-sectoral-impacts-analysis-2017
source_citation: ~
submission_dt: 2017-10-17T21:21:19
time_end: ~
time_start: ~
title: Projected Costs to Coastal Property of Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge
uri: /report/epa-multi-model-framework-for-quantitative-sectoral-impacts-analysis-2017/chapter/coastal-property/figure/figure-15-2
url: ~
usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source.
- attributes: ~
caption: 'Once created, a molecule of reactive nitrogen has a cascading impact on people and ecosystems as it contributes to a number of environmental issues. Molecular terms represent oxidized forms of nitrogen primarily from fossil fuel combustion (such as nitrogen oxides, NOx), reduced forms of nitrogen primarily from agriculture (such as ammonia, NH3), and organic forms of nitrogen (Norg) from various processes. NOy is all nitrogen-containing atmospheric gases that have both nitrogen and oxygen, other than nitrous oxide (N2O). NHx is the sum of ammonia (NH3) and ammonium (NH4). (Figure source: adapted from EPA 2011;346e77a5-93b9-4c37-bd95-d7db44091a4c Galloway et al. 2003;c713eeb5-4e17-41e2-b65d-da453bbf9f97 with input from USDA. USDA contributors were Adam Chambers and Margaret Walsh).'
chapter_identifier: biogeochemical-cycles
create_dt: ~
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca3/chapter/biogeochemical-cycles/figure/human-activities-that-form-reactive-nitrogen-and-resulting-consequences-in-environmental-reservoirs.yaml
identifier: human-activities-that-form-reactive-nitrogen-and-resulting-consequences-in-environmental-reservoirs
lat_max: ~
lat_min: ~
lon_max: ~
lon_min: ~
ordinal: 2
report_identifier: nca3
source_citation: adapted from EPA 2011;346e77a5-93b9-4c37-bd95-d7db44091a4c Galloway et al. 2003;c713eeb5-4e17-41e2-b65d-da453bbf9f97 with input from USDA. USDA contributors were Adam Chambers and Margaret Walsh
submission_dt: ~
time_end: ~
time_start: ~
title: Human Activities that Form Reactive Nitrogen and Resulting Consequences in Environmental Reservoirs
uri: /report/nca3/chapter/biogeochemical-cycles/figure/human-activities-that-form-reactive-nitrogen-and-resulting-consequences-in-environmental-reservoirs
url: http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/sectors/biogeochemical-cycles/graphics/human-activities-form-reactive-nitrogen-and-resulting
usage_limits: Copyright protected. Obtain permission from the original figure source.
- attributes: ~
caption: "Communities’ economic potential and livelihoods rely on infrastructure and the essential services it delivers, and many tribes and Indigenous communities already face acute infrastructure challenges that make them highly vulnerable to climate impacts.{{< tbib '22' '5b754441-464c-49fd-90e8-c184fc2ba1f5' >}} Indigenous peoples along the coasts and in the islands, the Southwest, and Alaska have experienced the most extensive infrastructure-related impacts thus far (Ch. 8: Coastal; Ch. 20: U.S. Caribbean; Ch. 25: Southwest; Ch. 26: Alaska; Ch. 27: Hawaiʻi & Pacific Islands). Source: USGCRP."
chapter_identifier: tribal-and-indigenous-communities
create_dt: 2017-05-15T20:31:03
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/tribal-and-indigenous-communities/figure/infrastructure-vulnerabilities.yaml
identifier: infrastructure-vulnerabilities
lat_max: ~
lat_min: ~
lon_max: ~
lon_min: ~
ordinal: 2
report_identifier: nca4
source_citation: ~
submission_dt: 2018-11-29T17:04:19
time_end: ~
time_start: ~
title: Infrastructure and Economic Vulnerabilities
uri: /report/nca4/chapter/tribal-and-indigenous-communities/figure/infrastructure-vulnerabilities
url: ~
usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information
- attributes: ~
caption: "In this\r\nchapter, the North American coastline is broken up into four main regions: Atlantic Coast, Gulf of Mexico, Pacific\r\nCoast (including the Sea of Cortez, Gulf of Alaska, and Bering Sea), and High Latitudes (including the Chukchi Sea,\r\nBeaufort Sea, Hudson Bay, Labrador Sea, and Gulf of Saint Lawrence). [Figure source: Redrawn from U.S. Department\r\nof Interior]"
chapter_identifier: tidal-wetlands-and-estuaries
create_dt: 2018-02-12T21:25:13
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/second-state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr2-sustained-assessment-report/chapter/tidal-wetlands-and-estuaries/figure/map-of-the-main-coastal-regions-and-associated-drainage-basins-of-north-america.yaml
identifier: map-of-the-main-coastal-regions-and-associated-drainage-basins-of-north-america
lat_max: ~
lat_min: ~
lon_max: ~
lon_min: ~
ordinal: 2
report_identifier: second-state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr2-sustained-assessment-report
source_citation: ~
submission_dt: 2019-02-11T16:53:11
time_end: ~
time_start: ~
title: Map of the Main Coastal Regions and Associated Drainage Basins of North America
uri: /report/second-state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr2-sustained-assessment-report/chapter/tidal-wetlands-and-estuaries/figure/map-of-the-main-coastal-regions-and-associated-drainage-basins-of-north-america
url: ~
usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information
- attributes: ~
caption: ~
chapter_identifier: iowa
create_dt: 2015-04-13T00:00:00
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/iowa/figure/ia-observed-summer-temperature.yaml
identifier: ia-observed-summer-temperature
lat_max: ' 43.5010'
lat_min: 40.3755
lon_max: -96.6394
lon_min: -90.1404
ordinal: 2a
report_identifier: noaa-led-state-summaries-2017
source_citation: ~
submission_dt: ~
time_end: 2009-12-31T00:00:00
time_start: 1895-01-01T00:00:00
title: Observed Summer Temperature
uri: /report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/iowa/figure/ia-observed-summer-temperature
url: ~
usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source.
- attributes: ~
caption: ~
chapter_identifier: iowa
create_dt: 2015-04-13T00:00:00
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/iowa/figure/ia-observed-number-of-very-hot-days.yaml
identifier: ia-observed-number-of-very-hot-days
lat_max: ' 43.5010'
lat_min: 40.3755
lon_max: -96.6394
lon_min: -90.1404
ordinal: 2b
report_identifier: noaa-led-state-summaries-2017
source_citation: ~
submission_dt: ~
time_end: 2014-12-31T00:00:00
time_start: 1899-12-31T00:00:00
title: Observed Number of Very Hot Days
uri: /report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/iowa/figure/ia-observed-number-of-very-hot-days
url: ~
usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source.
- attributes: ~
caption: ~
chapter_identifier: iowa
create_dt: 2015-04-13T00:00:00
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/iowa/figure/ia-observed-number-of-very-warm-nights.yaml
identifier: ia-observed-number-of-very-warm-nights
lat_max: ' 43.5010'
lat_min: 40.3755
lon_max: -96.6394
lon_min: -90.1404
ordinal: 2c
report_identifier: noaa-led-state-summaries-2017
source_citation: ~
submission_dt: ~
time_end: 2014-12-31T00:00:00
time_start: 1900-01-01T00:00:00
title: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights
uri: /report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/iowa/figure/ia-observed-number-of-very-warm-nights
url: ~
usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source.
- attributes: ~
caption: ~
chapter_identifier: iowa
create_dt: 2015-04-13T00:00:00
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/iowa/figure/ia-observed-number-of-very-cold-nights.yaml
identifier: ia-observed-number-of-very-cold-nights
lat_max: ' 43.5010'
lat_min: 40.3755
lon_max: -96.6394
lon_min: -90.1404
ordinal: 2d
report_identifier: noaa-led-state-summaries-2017
source_citation: ~
submission_dt: ~
time_end: 2014-12-31T00:00:00
time_start: 1900-01-01T00:00:00
title: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights
uri: /report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/iowa/figure/ia-observed-number-of-very-cold-nights
url: ~
usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source.
- attributes: ~
caption: ~
chapter_identifier: coastal-property
create_dt: 2017-05-10T17:10:58
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/epa-multi-model-framework-for-quantitative-sectoral-impacts-analysis-2017/chapter/coastal-property/figure/figure-15-3.yaml
identifier: figure-15-3
lat_max: ~
lat_min: ~
lon_max: ~
lon_min: ~
ordinal: 3
report_identifier: epa-multi-model-framework-for-quantitative-sectoral-impacts-analysis-2017
source_citation: ~
submission_dt: 2017-10-17T21:21:39
time_end: ~
time_start: ~
title: Tampa Bay Areas at Risk from Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge
uri: /report/epa-multi-model-framework-for-quantitative-sectoral-impacts-analysis-2017/chapter/coastal-property/figure/figure-15-3
url: ~
usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source.
- attributes: ~
caption: 'These photos show aerial views of (left) Isle de Jean Charles, Louisiana, and (right) Kivalina, Alaska. As projections of sea level rise and coastal inundation are realized, many impacted communities are confronting political, ecological, and existential questions about how to adapt. Photo credits: (left) Ronald Stine; (right) ShoreZone ([CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode)).'
chapter_identifier: tribal-and-indigenous-communities
create_dt: 2018-04-04T00:57:48
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/tribal-and-indigenous-communities/figure/isle-de-jean-charles--la.yaml
identifier: isle-de-jean-charles--la
lat_max: ~
lat_min: ~
lon_max: ~
lon_min: ~
ordinal: 3
report_identifier: nca4
source_citation: ~
submission_dt: 2018-11-29T17:04:33
time_end: ~
time_start: ~
title: 'Isle de Jean Charles, LA, and Kivalina, AK'
uri: /report/nca4/chapter/tribal-and-indigenous-communities/figure/isle-de-jean-charles--la
url: ~
usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information
- attributes: ~
caption: 'Figure shows how climate change will affect U.S. reactive nitrogen emissions, in Teragrams (Tg) CO2 equivalent, on a 20-year (top) and 100-year (bottom) global temperature potential basis. Positive values on the vertical axis depict warming; negative values reflect cooling. The height of the bar denotes the range of uncertainty, and the white line denotes the best estimate. The relative contribution of combustion (dark brown) and agriculture (green) is denoted by the color shading. (Figure source: adapted from Pinder et al. 2012061d6ff2-42ec-4051-8c3f-416e30680df0).'
chapter_identifier: biogeochemical-cycles
create_dt: 2013-08-05T09:51:00
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca3/chapter/biogeochemical-cycles/figure/nitrogen-emissions.yaml
identifier: nitrogen-emissions
lat_max: ~
lat_min: ~
lon_max: ~
lon_min: ~
ordinal: 3
report_identifier: nca3
source_citation: 'adapted from Pinder et al. 2012061d6ff2-42ec-4051-8c3f-416e30680df0'
submission_dt: ~
time_end: ~
time_start: ~
title: Nitrogen Emissions
uri: /report/nca3/chapter/biogeochemical-cycles/figure/nitrogen-emissions
url: http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/sectors/biogeochemical-cycles/graphics/nitrogen-emissions
usage_limits: Copyright protected. Obtain permission from the original figure source.
- attributes: ~
caption: "Approaches to measuring atmospheric\r\nCH4 flux are coded by method as SC (static chamber)\r\nand EC (eddy covariance flux tower). CH4 flux is in\r\ngrams (g); salinity is in practical salinity units (PSU).\r\nThe dashed line denotes the demarcation of fresh and\r\noligohaline marshes (0 to 5 PSU) versus mesohaline to\r\nsaline marshes (5 to 35 PSU)."
chapter_identifier: tidal-wetlands-and-estuaries
create_dt: 2018-02-12T21:29:03
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/second-state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr2-sustained-assessment-report/chapter/tidal-wetlands-and-estuaries/figure/tidal-marsh-methane--ch4--emissions-versus-salinity--in-practical-salinity-units--psu--.yaml
identifier: tidal-marsh-methane--ch4--emissions-versus-salinity--in-practical-salinity-units--psu--
lat_max: ~
lat_min: ~
lon_max: ~
lon_min: ~
ordinal: 3
report_identifier: second-state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr2-sustained-assessment-report
source_citation: ~
submission_dt: 2019-02-11T16:53:23
time_end: ~
time_start: ~
title: Tidal Marsh Methane (CH4) Emissions Versus Salinity
uri: /report/second-state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr2-sustained-assessment-report/chapter/tidal-wetlands-and-estuaries/figure/tidal-marsh-methane--ch4--emissions-versus-salinity--in-practical-salinity-units--psu--
url: ~
usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information
- attributes: ~
caption: ~
chapter_identifier: iowa
create_dt: 2015-04-13T00:00:00
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/iowa/figure/ia-observed-spring-precipitation.yaml
identifier: ia-observed-spring-precipitation
lat_max: ' 43.5010'
lat_min: 40.3755
lon_max: -96.6394
lon_min: -90.1404
ordinal: 3a
report_identifier: noaa-led-state-summaries-2017
source_citation: ~
submission_dt: ~
time_end: 2014-12-31T00:00:00
time_start: 1895-01-01T00:00:00
title: Observed Spring Precipitation
uri: /report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/iowa/figure/ia-observed-spring-precipitation
url: ~
usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source.
- attributes: ~
caption: ~
chapter_identifier: iowa
create_dt: 2015-04-13T00:00:00
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/iowa/figure/ia-observed-summer-precipitation.yaml
identifier: ia-observed-summer-precipitation
lat_max: ' 43.5010'
lat_min: 40.3755
lon_max: -96.6394
lon_min: -90.1404
ordinal: 3b
report_identifier: noaa-led-state-summaries-2017
source_citation: ~
submission_dt: ~
time_end: 2014-12-31T00:00:00
time_start: 1895-01-01T00:00:00
title: Observed Summer Precipitaton
uri: /report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/iowa/figure/ia-observed-summer-precipitation
url: ~
usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source.
- attributes: ~
caption: 'Some tribal communities at risk of displacement from climate change are actively planning whole-community relocation strategies. As part of the resettlement of the tribal community of Isle de Jean Charles, residents are working with the Lowlander Center (a local, nongovernmental organization), the State of Louisiana, and others to finalize a plan that reflects the physical, sociocultural, and economic needs of the community. Photo credit: Louisiana Office of Community Development.'
chapter_identifier: tribal-and-indigenous-communities
create_dt: 2018-04-04T01:02:44
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/tribal-and-indigenous-communities/figure/community-planning.yaml
identifier: community-planning
lat_max: ~
lat_min: ~
lon_max: ~
lon_min: ~
ordinal: 4
report_identifier: nca4
source_citation: ~
submission_dt: 2018-11-29T17:04:04
time_end: ~
time_start: ~
title: Community Planning
uri: /report/nca4/chapter/tribal-and-indigenous-communities/figure/community-planning
url: ~
usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information
- attributes: ~
caption: |+2
The observed annual precipitation across Iowa for 1895–2014, averaged over 5-year periods; these values are from NCEI’s version 2 climate division dataset. The dark horizontal lines represent the long-term average. Over the past decade, Iowa has experienced annual precipitation several inches above the long-term average. The wettest 5-year period was 2006–2010, while the driest was 1952–1956. Source: CICS-NC and NOAA NCEI.
chapter_identifier: iowa
create_dt: 2015-04-13T00:00:00
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/iowa/figure/ia-observed-annual-precipitation.yaml
identifier: ia-observed-annual-precipitation
lat_max: 43.5010
lat_min: 40.3755
lon_max: -96.6394
lon_min: -90.1404
ordinal: 4
report_identifier: noaa-led-state-summaries-2017
source_citation: ~
submission_dt: ~
time_end: 2014-12-31T00:00:00
time_start: 1895-01-01T00:00:00
title: Observed Annual Precipitation
uri: /report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/iowa/figure/ia-observed-annual-precipitation
url: ~
usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source.
- attributes: ~
caption: 'Top panel shows the impact of the alteration of the carbon cycle alone on radiative forcing. The bottom panel shows the impacts of the alteration of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles on radiative forcing. SO2 and NH3 increase aerosols and decrease radiative forcing. NH3 is likely to increase plant biomass, and consequently decrease forcing. NOx is likely to increase the formation of tropospheric ozone (O3) and increase radiative forcing. Ozone has a negative effect on plant growth/biomass, which might increase radiative forcing. CO2 and NH3 act synergistically to increase plant growth, and therefore decrease radiative forcing. SO2 is likely to reduce plant growth, perhaps through the leaching of soil nutrients, and consequently increase radiative forcing. NOx is likely to reduce plant growth directly and through the leaching of soil nutrients, therefore increasing radiative forcing. However, it could act as a fertilizer that would have the opposite effect.'
chapter_identifier: biogeochemical-cycles
create_dt: 2014-03-20T12:07:10
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca3/chapter/biogeochemical-cycles/figure/many-factors-combine-to-affect-biogeochemical-cycles.yaml
identifier: many-factors-combine-to-affect-biogeochemical-cycles
lat_max: ~
lat_min: ~
lon_max: ~
lon_min: ~
ordinal: 4
report_identifier: nca3
source_citation: ~
submission_dt: ~
time_end: ~
time_start: ~
title: Many Factors Combine to Affect Biogeochemical Cycles
uri: /report/nca3/chapter/biogeochemical-cycles/figure/many-factors-combine-to-affect-biogeochemical-cycles
url: http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/highlights/report-findings/ecosystems-and-biodiversity/graphics/many-factors-combine-affect
usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source.
- attributes: ~
caption: "Budgets are given in teragrams\r\nof carbon (Tg C) for (a) the conterminous United\r\nStates (CONUS) and (b) North America, with errors of\r\n± 2 standard errors."
chapter_identifier: tidal-wetlands-and-estuaries
create_dt: 2018-02-12T21:32:36
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/second-state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr2-sustained-assessment-report/chapter/tidal-wetlands-and-estuaries/figure/summary-carbon-budgets-for-tidal-wetlands-and-estuaries-of--a--the-conterminous-united-states-and--b--north-america.yaml
identifier: summary-carbon-budgets-for-tidal-wetlands-and-estuaries-of--a--the-conterminous-united-states-and--b--north-america
lat_max: ~
lat_min: ~
lon_max: ~
lon_min: ~
ordinal: 4
report_identifier: second-state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr2-sustained-assessment-report
source_citation: ~
submission_dt: 2019-03-15T13:33:22
time_end: ~
time_start: ~
title: Summary Carbon Budgets for Tidal Wetlands and Estuaries
uri: /report/second-state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr2-sustained-assessment-report/chapter/tidal-wetlands-and-estuaries/figure/summary-carbon-budgets-for-tidal-wetlands-and-estuaries-of--a--the-conterminous-united-states-and--b--north-america
url: ~
usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information
- attributes: ~
caption: |+2
The observed number of days with extreme precipitation events (annual number of days with precipitation above 2 inches) for 1900–2014, averaged over 5-year periods; these values are averages from thirty-nine long-term reporting stations. The dark horizontal lines represent the long-term average. A typical station experiences 1–2 days annually with 2 inches or more of precipitation. In recent years, Iowa has experienced the largest number of such events in the historical record. Source: CICS-NC and NOAA NCEI.
chapter_identifier: iowa
create_dt: 2015-04-13T00:00:00
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/iowa/figure/ia-observed-number-of-extreme-precipitation-events.yaml
identifier: ia-observed-number-of-extreme-precipitation-events
lat_max: 43.5010
lat_min: 40.3755
lon_max: -96.6394
lon_min: -90.1404
ordinal: 5
report_identifier: noaa-led-state-summaries-2017
source_citation: ~
submission_dt: ~
time_end: 2014-12-31T00:00:00
time_start: 1900-01-01T00:00:00
title: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events
uri: /report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/iowa/figure/ia-observed-number-of-extreme-precipitation-events
url: ~
usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source.
- attributes: ~
caption: "(a) NEE of carbon dioxide (CO2, black line) and the partial pressure difference\r\nof CO2 (ΔpCO2) between air and water (red circles) in the Neuse River Estuary in North Carolina. NEE is positive\r\nwhen flux is from the water to the atmosphere. The ΔpCO2 is positive when water pCO2 is greater than atmospheric\r\npCO2. Fluxes were estimated using the pCO2 measured during spatial surveys (Crosswell et al., 2012, 2014;\r\nVan Dam et al., 2018) and a gas transfer parameterization based on local wind speed (Jiang et al., 2008). These\r\nstudies present alternative gas transfer parameterizations and associated errors. (b) Data are from restored coastal\r\ntidal wetlands in the New Jersey Meadowlands. The dark blue line represents the Marsh Resource Meadowlands Mitigation Bank (MRMMB; Duman and Schäfer, 2018), and the teal line, the Hawk Property (HP) natural wetland. Error\r\nbars are standard deviation of the mean of all measurements during this period (monthly). Key: g C, grams of carbon;\r\nμatm, microatmospheres."
chapter_identifier: tidal-wetlands-and-estuaries
create_dt: 2018-04-27T14:53:33
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/second-state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr2-sustained-assessment-report/chapter/tidal-wetlands-and-estuaries/figure/net-ecosystem-exchange-neuse-river.yaml
identifier: net-ecosystem-exchange-neuse-river
lat_max: ~
lat_min: ~
lon_max: ~
lon_min: ~
ordinal: 5
report_identifier: second-state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr2-sustained-assessment-report
source_citation: ~
submission_dt: 2019-03-15T13:33:28
time_end: ~
time_start: ~
title: Example Observational Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) Data from (a) an Estuarine Ecosystem and (b) a Tidal Wetland Ecosystem
uri: /report/second-state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr2-sustained-assessment-report/chapter/tidal-wetlands-and-estuaries/figure/net-ecosystem-exchange-neuse-river
url: ~
usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information
- attributes: ~
caption: Figure shows growth in fossil fuel CO2 emissions (black line) and forest and total land carbon sinks in the U.S. for 1990–2010 (green and orange lines; from EPA 20124aa93bb8-c0d0-4735-83c2-988b43ae88f0) and for 2003 (symbols; from the first State of the Carbon Cycle Reportd980c73d-d2ba-47cb-b6d7-03e0c30f2ed9). Carbon emissions are significantly higher than the total land sink’s capacity to absorb and store them. (Data from EPA 20124aa93bb8-c0d0-4735-83c2-988b43ae88f0 and CCSP 2007d980c73d-d2ba-47cb-b6d7-03e0c30f2ed9).
chapter_identifier: biogeochemical-cycles
create_dt: ~
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca3/chapter/biogeochemical-cycles/figure/us-carbon-sinks-absorb-a-fraction-of-co-2-emissions.yaml
identifier: us-carbon-sinks-absorb-a-fraction-of-co-2-emissions
lat_max: ~
lat_min: ~
lon_max: ~
lon_min: ~
ordinal: 5
report_identifier: nca3
source_citation: 'EPA 2012 and CCSP 20074aa93bb8-c0d0-4735-83c2-988b43ae88f0,d980c73d-d2ba-47cb-b6d7-03e0c30f2ed9'
submission_dt: ~
time_end: ~
time_start: ~
title: U.S. Carbon Sinks Absorb a Fraction of CO 2 Emissions
uri: /report/nca3/chapter/biogeochemical-cycles/figure/us-carbon-sinks-absorb-a-fraction-of-co-2-emissions
url: http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/sectors/biogeochemical-cycles/graphics/us-carbon-sinks-absorb-fraction-co2-emissions
usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source.