--- - attributes: ~ caption: "The green band shows how global average temperature would have changed over the last century due to natural forces alone, as simulated by climate\r\nmodels. The blue band shows model simulations of the effects of human and natural forces (including solar and volcanic activity) combined. The black line\r\nshows the actual observed global average temperatures. Only with the inclusion of human influences can models reproduce the observed temperature changes. (Figure source: adapted from adapted from Huber and Knutti 201289032706-9386-44b8-94a9-60ec5ed95594)." chapter_identifier: executive-summary create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca3/chapter/executive-summary/figure/overview-separating-human-and-natural-influences-on-climate.yaml identifier: overview-separating-human-and-natural-influences-on-climate lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 2 report_identifier: nca3 source_citation: 'adapted from Huber and Knutti 201289032706-9386-44b8-94a9-60ec5ed95594' submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Separating Human and Natural Influences on Climate uri: /report/nca3/chapter/executive-summary/figure/overview-separating-human-and-natural-influences-on-climate url: ~ usage_limits: Copyright protected. Obtain permission from the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: 'Adaptation entails a continuing risk management process. With this approach, individuals and organizations become aware of and assess risks and vulnerabilities from climate and other drivers of change, take actions to reduce those risks, and learn over time. The gray arced lines compare the current status of implementing this process with the status reported by the Third National Climate Assessment in 2014; darker color indicates more activity. From Figure 28.1, Ch. 28: Adaptation (Source: adapted from National Research Council, 2010. Used with permission from the National Academies Press, © 2010, National Academy of Sciences. Image credits, clockwise from top: National Weather Service; USGS; Armando Rodriguez, Miami-Dade County; Dr. Neil Berg, MARISA; Bill Ingalls, NASA).' chapter_identifier: overview-executive-summary create_dt: 2018-04-22T18:26:27 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/overview-executive-summary/figure/overview_adaptation-stages---progress-since-nca3_v1.yaml identifier: overview_adaptation-stages---progress-since-nca3_v1 lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 20 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-11-27T16:10:38 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Five Adaptation Stages and Progress uri: /report/nca4/chapter/overview-executive-summary/figure/overview_adaptation-stages---progress-since-nca3_v1 url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: 'Annual economic impact estimates are shown for labor and air quality. The bar graph on the left shows national annual damages in 2090 (in billions of 2015 dollars) for a higher scenario (RCP8.5) and lower scenario (RCP4.5); the difference between the height of the RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 bars for a given category represents an estimate of the economic benefit to the United States from global mitigation action. For these two categories, damage estimates do not consider costs or benefits of new adaptation actions to reduce impacts, and they do not include Alaska, Hawaiʻi and U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands, or the U.S. Caribbean. The maps on the right show regional variation in annual impacts projected under the higher scenario (RCP8.5) in 2090. The map on the top shows the percent change in hours worked in high-risk industries as compared to the period 2003–2007. The hours lost result in economic damages: for example, $28 billion per year in the Southern Great Plains. The map on the bottom is the change in summer-average maximum daily 8-hour ozone concentrations (ppb) at ground-level as compared to the period 1995–2005. These changes in ozone concentrations result in premature deaths: for example, an additional 910 premature deaths each year in the Midwest. Source: EPA, 2017. Multi-Model Framework for Quantitative Sectoral Impacts Analysis: A Technical Report for the Fourth National Climate Assessment. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA 430-R-17-001.' chapter_identifier: overview-executive-summary create_dt: 2018-04-22T17:18:53 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/overview-executive-summary/figure/overview_sectoral-cost-savings-from-mitigation_v1.yaml identifier: overview_sectoral-cost-savings-from-mitigation_v1 lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 21 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-11-27T16:10:39 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: New Economic Impact Studies uri: /report/nca4/chapter/overview-executive-summary/figure/overview_sectoral-cost-savings-from-mitigation_v1 url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: ~ chapter_identifier: alabama create_dt: 2019-02-19T20:49:53 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2019/chapter/alabama/figure/al-observed-number-of-very-hot.yaml identifier: al-observed-number-of-very-hot lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 2a report_identifier: noaa-led-state-summaries-2019 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2019-03-22T19:40:30 time_end: 2014-12-31T00:00:00 time_start: 1900-01-01T00:00:00 title: Observed Number of Very Hot Days uri: /report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2019/chapter/alabama/figure/al-observed-number-of-very-hot url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: ~ chapter_identifier: alabama create_dt: 2015-04-13T00:00:00 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/alabama/figure/al-observed-number-of-very-hot-days.yaml identifier: al-observed-number-of-very-hot-days lat_max: 35.0079 lat_min: 30.1941 lon_max: -88.4731 lon_min: -84.8884 ordinal: 2a report_identifier: noaa-led-state-summaries-2017 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: 2014-12-31T00:00:00 time_start: 1900-01-01T00:00:00 title: Observed Number of Very Hot Days uri: /report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/alabama/figure/al-observed-number-of-very-hot-days url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: |- The observed (a) number of very hot days (annual number of days with maximum temperature at or above 95°F), (b) number of very warm nights (annual number of days with minimum temperature at or above 75°F), (c) annual precipitation, and (d) total number of hurricanes affecting Alabama, averaged over 5-year periods (bars; last bar represents 4-year average). Filled circles connected by black line segments show annual values. The horizontal black line shows the long-term average. The values in Figures 4a and 4b are averages from long-term reporting stations, nine for temperature and eleven for precipitation. The values in Figure 4c are from NCEI’s version 2 climate division dataset. Very hot days and very warm nights have generally been below average in recent decades. Since the 2000s, annual average precipitation has been close to the long-term average; however there has been high year-to-year variability and this period includes the 2nd driest year on record (2007) and the 3rd wettest (2009). There is no overall long-term trend in the number of hurricane events; since 2000 the state has been impacted by four storms. Source: CICS-NC and NOAA NCEI. chapter_identifier: alabama create_dt: 2019-02-19T20:50:33 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2019/chapter/alabama/figure/al-observed-number-of-very-warm.yaml identifier: al-observed-number-of-very-warm lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 2b report_identifier: noaa-led-state-summaries-2019 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2019-03-22T19:40:47 time_end: 2014-12-31T00:00:00 time_start: 1900-01-01T00:00:00 title: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights uri: /report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2019/chapter/alabama/figure/al-observed-number-of-very-warm url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: ~ chapter_identifier: alabama create_dt: 2015-04-13T00:00:00 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/alabama/figure/al-observed-number-of-very-warm-nights.yaml identifier: al-observed-number-of-very-warm-nights lat_max: 35.0079 lat_min: 30.1941 lon_max: -88.4731 lon_min: -84.8884 ordinal: 2b report_identifier: noaa-led-state-summaries-2017 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: 2014-12-31T00:00:00 time_start: 1900-01-01T00:00:00 title: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights uri: /report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/alabama/figure/al-observed-number-of-very-warm-nights url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: |- The observed (a) number of very hot days (annual number of days with maximum temperature at or above 95°F), (b) number of very warm nights (annual number of days with minimum temperature at or above 75°F), (c) annual precipitation, and (d) total number of hurricanes affecting Alabama, averaged over 5-year periods (bars; last bar represents 4-year average). Filled circles connected by black line segments show annual values. The horizontal black line shows the long-term average. The values in Figures 4a and 4b are averages from long-term reporting stations, nine for temperature and eleven for precipitation. The values in Figure 4c are from NCEI’s version 2 climate division dataset. Very hot days and very warm nights have generally been below average in recent decades. Since the 2000s, annual average precipitation has been close to the long-term average; however there has been high year-to-year variability and this period includes the 2nd driest year on record (2007) and the 3rd wettest (2009). There is no overall long-term trend in the number of hurricane events; since 2000 the state has been impacted by four storms. Source: CICS-NC and NOAA NCEI. chapter_identifier: alabama create_dt: 2019-02-19T20:49:34 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2019/chapter/alabama/figure/al-observed-annual-precip.yaml identifier: al-observed-annual-precip lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 2c report_identifier: noaa-led-state-summaries-2019 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2019-03-22T19:40:55 time_end: 2009-12-31T00:00:00 time_start: 1895-01-01T00:00:00 title: Observed Annual Precipitation uri: /report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2019/chapter/alabama/figure/al-observed-annual-precip url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: ~ chapter_identifier: alabama create_dt: 2015-04-13T00:00:00 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/alabama/figure/al-observed-annual-precipitation.yaml identifier: al-observed-annual-precipitation lat_max: 35.0079 lat_min: 30.1941 lon_max: -88.4731 lon_min: -84.8884 ordinal: 2c report_identifier: noaa-led-state-summaries-2017 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: 2009-12-31T00:00:00 time_start: 1895-01-01T00:00:00 title: Observed Annual Precipitation uri: /report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/alabama/figure/al-observed-annual-precipitation url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: ~ chapter_identifier: alabama create_dt: 2015-06-15T08:59:00 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/alabama/figure/al-total-hurricane-events-in-alabama-1900-2013.yaml identifier: al-total-hurricane-events-in-alabama-1900-2013 lat_max: 35.0079 lat_min: 30.1941 lon_max: -88.4731 lon_min: -84.8884 ordinal: 2d report_identifier: noaa-led-state-summaries-2017 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: 2014-12-31T00:00:00 time_start: 1900-01-01T00:00:00 title: 'Total Hurricane Events in Alabama, 1900-2013' uri: /report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/alabama/figure/al-total-hurricane-events-in-alabama-1900-2013 url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: |- The observed (a) number of very hot days (annual number of days with maximum temperature at or above 95°F), (b) number of very warm nights (annual number of days with minimum temperature at or above 75°F), (c) annual precipitation, and (d) total number of hurricanes affecting Alabama, averaged over 5-year periods (bars; last bar represents 4-year average). Filled circles connected by black line segments show annual values. The horizontal black line shows the long-term average. The values in Figures 4a and 4b are averages from long-term reporting stations, nine for temperature and eleven for precipitation. The values in Figure 4c are from NCEI’s version 2 climate division dataset. Very hot days and very warm nights have generally been below average in recent decades. Since the 2000s, annual average precipitation has been close to the long-term average; however there has been high year-to-year variability and this period includes the 2nd driest year on record (2007) and the 3rd wettest (2009). There is no overall long-term trend in the number of hurricane events; since 2000 the state has been impacted by four storms. Source: CICS-NC and NOAA NCEI. chapter_identifier: alabama create_dt: 2019-02-19T20:48:13 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2019/chapter/alabama/figure/total-hurricane-events-in-alabama.yaml identifier: total-hurricane-events-in-alabama lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 2d report_identifier: noaa-led-state-summaries-2019 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2019-03-22T19:41:04 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Total Hurricane Events in Alabama uri: /report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2019/chapter/alabama/figure/total-hurricane-events-in-alabama url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: |2 The observed number of extreme precipitation events (annual number of days with precipitation greater than 3 inches) for 1900–2014, averaged over 5-year periods; these values are averages from 11 long-term reporting stations. Alabama has experienced an above average number of extreme precipitation events over the last two decades, but there is not an overall robust trend. The dark horizontal line is the long-term average of 1.1 days per year. Source: CICS-NC and NOAA NCEI. chapter_identifier: alabama create_dt: 2015-04-13T00:00:00 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/alabama/figure/al-observed-number-of-extreme-precipitation-events.yaml identifier: al-observed-number-of-extreme-precipitation-events lat_max: 35.0079 lat_min: 30.1941 lon_max: -88.4731 lon_min: -84.8884 ordinal: 3 report_identifier: noaa-led-state-summaries-2017 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: 2014-12-31T00:00:00 time_start: 1900-01-01T00:00:00 title: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events uri: /report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/alabama/figure/al-observed-number-of-extreme-precipitation-events url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: 'Surface temperature change (in °F) for the period 1986–2015 relative to 1901–1960 from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information’s (NCEI) surface temperature product. For visual clarity, statistical significance is not depicted on this map. Changes are generally significant (at the 90% level) over most land and ocean areas. Changes are not significant in parts of the North Atlantic Ocean, the South Pacific Ocean, and the southeastern United States. There is insufficient data in the Arctic Ocean and Antarctica for computing long-term changes (those sections are shown in gray because no trend can be derived). The relatively coarse resolution (5.0° × 5.0°) of these maps does not capture the finer details associated with mountains, coastlines, and other small-scale effects (see Ch. 6: Temperature Changes for a focus on the United States). (Figure source: updated from Vose et al. 201256ff58db-e758-4042-9111-22a13e4758a2 ).' chapter_identifier: our-changing-climate create_dt: 2016-09-02T17:45:43 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/our-changing-climate/figure/fig1-3_temp-trends.yaml identifier: fig1-3_temp-trends lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 3 report_identifier: climate-science-special-report source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2017-10-19T17:21:40 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Surface Temperature Change uri: /report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/our-changing-climate/figure/fig1-3_temp-trends url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: "(a) Carbon dioxide (CO2)\r\nin parts per million (ppm). (b) Methane (CH4) in parts per billion (ppb). [Figure source: Redrawn from NOAA-ESRLGMD\r\n2017.]" chapter_identifier: overview-of-the-global-carbon-cycle create_dt: 2018-07-12T16:59:19 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/second-state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr2-sustained-assessment-report/chapter/overview-of-the-global-carbon-cycle/figure/global-average-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide-derived-from-surface-air-samples.yaml identifier: global-average-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide-derived-from-surface-air-samples lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 3 report_identifier: second-state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr2-sustained-assessment-report source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2019-02-11T16:47:26 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Global Averages of Atmospheric Gases Derived from Surface Air Samples uri: /report/second-state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr2-sustained-assessment-report/chapter/overview-of-the-global-carbon-cycle/figure/global-average-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide-derived-from-surface-air-samples url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: |- The observed number of extreme precipitation events (annual number of days with precipitation of 3 or more inches) for 1900–2018, averaged over 5-year periods (bars; last bar represents 4-year average). Filled circles connected by black line segments show annual values. These values are averages from 11 long-term reporting stations. Alabama has experienced a generally above average number of extreme precipitation events since 1995, but there is no overall trend. The dark horizontal line is the long-term average of 1.1 days per year. Source: CICS-NC and NOAA NCEI. chapter_identifier: alabama create_dt: 2019-02-19T20:48:58 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2019/chapter/alabama/figure/observed-number-of-extreme-precipitation-events.yaml identifier: observed-number-of-extreme-precipitation-events lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 3 report_identifier: noaa-led-state-summaries-2019 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2019-03-22T19:45:32 time_end: 2014-12-31T00:00:00 time_start: 1900-01-01T00:00:00 title: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events uri: /report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2019/chapter/alabama/figure/observed-number-of-extreme-precipitation-events url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: 'Different amounts of heat-trapping gases released into the atmosphere by human activities produce different projected increases in Earth’s temperature. The lines on the graph represent a central estimate of global average temperature rise (relative to the 1901- 1960 average) for the two main scenarios used in this report. A2 assumes continued increases in emissions throughout this century, and B1 assumes significant emissions reductions, though not due explicitly to climate change policies. Shading indicates the range (5th to 95th percentile) of results from a suite of climate models. In both cases, temperatures are expected to rise, although the difference between lower and higher emissions pathways is substantial. (Figure source: NOAA NCDC / CICS-NC).' chapter_identifier: executive-summary create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca3/chapter/executive-summary/figure/overview-projected-global-temperature-change.yaml identifier: overview-projected-global-temperature-change lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 3 report_identifier: nca3 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Projected Global Temperature Change uri: /report/nca3/chapter/executive-summary/figure/overview-projected-global-temperature-change url: ~ usage_limits: ~ - attributes: ~ caption: 'Projected changes in annual average temperature (top) and precipitation (bottom) for 2021–2050 (left) and 2041–2070 (right) with respect to the average for 1971­–2000 for the RCP6.0 scenario. The RCP6.0 pathway projects an average global temperature increase of 5.2°F in 2100 over the 1901–1960 global average temperature (the RCPs are described in more detail in Appendix 1: Technical Support Document). Temperature increases in the United States for this scenario (top panels) are in the 2°F to 3°F range for 2021 to 2050 and 2°F to 4°F for 2041­ to 2070. This means that the increase in temperature projected in the United States over the next 50 years under this scenario would be larger than the 1°F to 2°F increase in temperature that has already been observed over the previous century. Precipitation is projected to decrease in the Southwest and increase in the Northeast (bottom panels). These projected changes are statistically significant (95% confidence) in small portions of the Northeast, as indicated by the hatching. (Figure source: adapted from Sun et al. 2015)b63c9720-f770-4718-89cc-53b3616e2bec' chapter_identifier: climate-change-and-human-health create_dt: 2014-07-21T12:51:00 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/climate-change-and-human-health/figure/projected-changes-in-temperature-and-precipitation-by-mid-century.yaml identifier: projected-changes-in-temperature-and-precipitation-by-mid-century lat_max: 49.38 lat_min: 24.50 lon_max: -66.95 lon_min: -124.80 ordinal: 3 report_identifier: usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: 2070-12-31T23:59:59 time_start: 2021-01-01T00:00:00 title: Projected Changes in Temperature and Precipitation by Mid-Century uri: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/climate-change-and-human-health/figure/projected-changes-in-temperature-and-precipitation-by-mid-century url: ~ usage_limits: Copyright protected. Obtain permission from the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: "Annual average temperatures across the United States are projected to increase over this century, with greater changes at higher latitudes as compared to lower latitudes, and under a higher scenario (RCP8.5; right) than under a lower one (RCP4.5; left). This figure shows projected differences in annual average temperatures for mid-century (2036–2065; top) and end of century (2071–2100; bottom) relative to the near present (1986–2015). From Figure 2.4, Ch. 2: Climate (Source: adapted from Vose et al. 2017)." chapter_identifier: overview-executive-summary create_dt: 2017-10-27T16:17:18 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/overview-executive-summary/figure/projected-global-temperatures.yaml identifier: projected-global-temperatures lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 3 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-12-03T19:05:38 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Projected Changes in U.S. Annual Average Temperatures uri: /report/nca4/chapter/overview-executive-summary/figure/projected-global-temperatures url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: 'Projected changes (%) in average annual precipitation for the middle of the 21st century compared to the late 20th century under a higher emissions pathway. Hatching represents areas where the majority of climate models indicate a statistically significant change. The southeastern United States, including Alabama, is in a transition zone between projected high latitude increases and subtropical decreases in precipitation and, as such, future precipitation changes are uncertain. Source: CICS-NC and NOAA NCEI.' chapter_identifier: alabama create_dt: 2019-02-15T18:17:32 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/alabama/figure/al-projected-change-in-spring-precipitation.yaml identifier: al-projected-change-in-spring-precipitation lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 4 report_identifier: noaa-led-state-summaries-2017 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2019-06-10T17:41:48 time_end: 2070-12-31T00:00:00 time_start: 1971-01-01T00:00:00 title: Projected Change in Spring Precipitation uri: /report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/alabama/figure/al-projected-change-in-spring-precipitation url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: |- Projected changes (%) in average annual precipitation for the middle of the 21st century compared to the late 20th century under a higher emissions pathway. Hatching represents areas where the majority of climate models indicate a statistically significant change. The southeastern United States, including Alabama, is in a transition zone between projected high latitude increases and subtropical decreases in precipitation and, as such, future precipitation changes are uncertain. Source: CICS-NC and NOAA NCEI. chapter_identifier: alabama create_dt: 2019-02-27T15:10:24 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2019/chapter/alabama/figure/copy_of_al-projected-change-in-spring-precipitation.yaml identifier: copy_of_al-projected-change-in-spring-precipitation lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 4 report_identifier: noaa-led-state-summaries-2019 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2019-06-11T17:48:53 time_end: 2070-12-31T00:00:00 time_start: 1971-01-01T00:00:00 title: Projected Change in Spring Precipitation uri: /report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2019/chapter/alabama/figure/copy_of_al-projected-change-in-spring-precipitation url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: 'The arrows and boxed numbers represent annual fluxes in teragrams (Tg) of CH4 per year estimated from 2000 to 2009 and CH4 reservoirs in Tg CH4. Reservoirs include the atmosphere and three geological reservoirs (i.e., hydrates on land and in the ocean floor and gas reserves). The black arrows show natural emissions, while red arrows show anthropogenic fluxes. The brown arrow represents total anthropogenic and natural emissions. [Figure source: Reprinted from Ciais et al., 2013, Figure 6.2. Copyright IPCC, used with permission.]' chapter_identifier: overview-of-the-global-carbon-cycle create_dt: 2018-02-05T21:12:04 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/second-state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr2-sustained-assessment-report/chapter/overview-of-the-global-carbon-cycle/figure/figure_1-2_word.yaml identifier: figure_1-2_word lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 4 report_identifier: second-state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr2-sustained-assessment-report source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2019-02-11T16:47:21 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: A Pictorial Illustration of the Global Methane (CH4) Cycle uri: /report/second-state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr2-sustained-assessment-report/chapter/overview-of-the-global-carbon-cycle/figure/figure_1-2_word url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: "The maps show projections of change in relative sea level along the U.S. coast by 2100 (as compared to 2000) under the lower (RCP4.5) and higher (RCP8.5) scenarios (see CSSR, Ch. 12.5). Globally, sea levels will continue to rise from thermal expansion of the ocean and melting of land-based ice masses (such as Greenland, Antarctica, and mountain glaciers). Regionally, however, the amount of sea level rise will not be the same everywhere. Where land is sinking (as along the Gulf of Mexico coastline), relative sea level rise will be higher, and where land is rising (as in parts of Alaska), relative sea level rise will be lower. Changes in ocean circulation (such as the Gulf Stream) and gravity effects due to ice melt will also alter the heights of the ocean regionally. Sea levels are expected to continue to rise along almost all U.S. coastlines, and by 2100, under the higher scenario, coastal flood heights that today cause major damages to infrastructure would become common during high tides nationwide (Ch. 8: Coastal; Scenario Products section in Appendix 3). Source: adapted from CSSR, Figure 12.4." chapter_identifier: overview-executive-summary create_dt: 2017-10-27T19:08:56 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/overview-executive-summary/figure/historical_and_projected_global_mean_sea_level_rise.yaml identifier: historical_and_projected_global_mean_sea_level_rise lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 4 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-11-29T16:09:39 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: U.S. Sea Level Rise uri: /report/nca4/chapter/overview-executive-summary/figure/historical_and_projected_global_mean_sea_level_rise url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: 'Percent changes in the amount of precipitation falling in very heavy events (the heaviest 1%) from 1958 to 2012 for each region. There is a clear national trend toward a greater amount of precipitation being concentrated in very heavy events, particularly in the Northeast and Midwest. (Figure source: Figure source: updated from Karl et al. 2009e251f590-177e-4ba6-8ed1-6f68b5e54c8a ).' chapter_identifier: executive-summary create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca3/chapter/executive-summary/figure/overview-observed-change-in-very-heavy-precipitation-2.yaml identifier: overview-observed-change-in-very-heavy-precipitation-2 lat_max: 71.441 lat_min: 18.912 lon_max: -73.125 lon_min: -179.151 ordinal: 4 report_identifier: nca3 source_citation: 'updated from Karl et al. 2009e251f590-177e-4ba6-8ed1-6f68b5e54c8a' submission_dt: ~ time_end: 2012-12-31T23:59:00 time_start: 1958-01-01T00:00:00 title: Observed Change in Very Heavy Precipitation uri: /report/nca3/chapter/executive-summary/figure/overview-observed-change-in-very-heavy-precipitation-2 url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: 'Projected changes in several climate variables for 2046–2065 with respect to the 1981–2000 average for the RCP6.0 scenario. These include the coldest night of the year (top left) and the hottest day of the year (top right). By the middle of this century, the coldest night of the year is projected to warm by 6°F to 10°F over most of the country, with slightly smaller changes in the south. The warmest day of the year is projected to be 4°F to 6°F warmer in most areas. Also shown above are projections of the wettest day of the year (bottom left) and the annual longest consecutive dry day spell (bottom right). Extreme precipitation is projected to increase, with an average change of 5% to 15% in the precipitation falling on the wettest day of the year. The length of the annual longest dry spell is projected to increase in most areas, but these changes are small: less than two days in most areas. (Figure source: adapted from Sun et al. 2015)b63c9720-f770-4718-89cc-53b3616e2bec' chapter_identifier: climate-change-and-human-health create_dt: 2014-07-21T12:51:00 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/climate-change-and-human-health/figure/projected-changes-in-hottest-coldest-and-wettest-driest-day-of-the-year.yaml identifier: projected-changes-in-hottest-coldest-and-wettest-driest-day-of-the-year lat_max: 49.38 lat_min: 24.50 lon_max: -66.95 lon_min: -124.80 ordinal: 4 report_identifier: usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: 2065-12-31T23:59:59 time_start: 1981-01-01T00:00:00 title: Projected Changes in Hottest/Coldest and Wettest/Driest Day of the Year uri: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/climate-change-and-human-health/figure/projected-changes-in-hottest-coldest-and-wettest-driest-day-of-the-year url: ~ usage_limits: Copyright protected. Obtain permission from the original figure source.