--- - attributes: ~ caption: 'Direct effect of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) on the concentrations of protein and minerals in crops. The top figure shows that the rise in CO2 concentration from 293 ppm (at the beginning of the last century) to 385 ppm (global average in 2008) to 715 ppm (projected to occur by 2100 under the RCP8.5 and RCP6.0 pathways),30b72411-16f2-400d-a1f1-deddf0ef757b progressively lowers protein concentrations in wheat flour (the average of four varieties of spring wheat). The lower figure—the average effect on 125 plant species and cultivars—shows that a doubling of CO2 concentration from preindustrial levels diminishes the concentration of essential minerals in wild and crop plants, including ionome (all the inorganic ions present in an organism) levels, and also lowers protein concentrations in barley, rice, wheat and potato. (Figure source: Experimental data from Ziska et al. 2004 (top figure), Taub et al. 2008, and Loladze 2014 (bottom figure)).de07adc8-7f48-4455-8b2a-6707520acd59,d763a364-656a-4a46-96cc-82800edc3ac2,6f0fe842-95ce-481a-b3f6-473975719843' chapter_identifier: food-safety-nutrition-and-distribution create_dt: 2014-11-21T08:00:00 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/food-safety-nutrition-and-distribution/figure/effects-of-carbon-dioxide-on-protein-and-minerals.yaml identifier: effects-of-carbon-dioxide-on-protein-and-minerals lat_max: N/A lat_min: N/A lon_max: N/A lon_min: N/A ordinal: 4 report_identifier: usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Effects of Carbon Dioxide on Protein and Minerals uri: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/food-safety-nutrition-and-distribution/figure/effects-of-carbon-dioxide-on-protein-and-minerals url: ~ usage_limits: Copyright protected. Obtain permission from the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: 'Relative vulnerability of different forest regions to climate change is illustrated in this conceptual risk analysis diagram. Forest carbon exchange is the difference between carbon captured in photosynthesis and carbon released by respiration of vegetation and soils. Both photosynthesis and respiration are generally accelerated by higher temperatures, and slowed by water deficits, but the relative strengths of these controls are highly variable. Western forests are inherently limited by evaporation that exceeds precipitation during much of the growing season. Xeric (drier) eastern forests grow on shallow, coarse textured soils and experience water deficits during long periods without rain. Mesic (wetter) eastern forests experience severe water deficits only for relatively brief periods in abnormally dry years so the carbon exchanges are more controlled by temperature fluctuations. (Figure source: adapted from Vose et al. 201278f2cbd8-d8f2-4d99-abbd-017bad4d52f1).' chapter_identifier: forests create_dt: 2013-09-16T15:12:13 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca3/chapter/forests/figure/forests-can-be-a-source--or-a-sink--for-carbon.yaml identifier: forests-can-be-a-source--or-a-sink--for-carbon lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 4 report_identifier: nca3 source_citation: 'adapted from Vose et al. 201278f2cbd8-d8f2-4d99-abbd-017bad4d52f1' submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Forests can be a Source – or a Sink – for Carbon uri: /report/nca3/chapter/forests/figure/forests-can-be-a-source--or-a-sink--for-carbon url: http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/sectors/forests/graphics/forests-can-be-source-or-sink-carbon usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: "Lionfish, native to the Pacific Ocean, are an invasive species in the Atlantic. Their range is projected to expand closer to (a) the U.S. Atlantic coastline as a result of climate change. The maps show projected range expansion of the invasive lionfish in the southeast United States by mid-century (green) and end of the century (red), based on (b) the lower and \\(c) higher scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively), as compared to their recently observed range (blue). The projected range shifts under a higher scenario (RCP8.5) represents a 45% increase over the current year-round range. Venomous lionfish are opportunistic, generalist predators that consume a wide variety of invertebrates and fishes and may compete with native predatory fishes. Expansion of their range has the potential to increase the number of stings of divers and fishers. Source: adapted from Grieve et al. 2016.{{< tbib '77' '731a060b-8e03-4cad-962b-0915fbd9acdd' >}}" chapter_identifier: ecosystems-ecosystem-services-and-biodiversity create_dt: 2018-02-23T20:23:54 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/ecosystems-ecosystem-services-and-biodiversity/figure/lion-fish.yaml identifier: lion-fish lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 4 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-11-30T20:07:50 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Projected Range Expansion of Invasive Lionfish uri: /report/nca4/chapter/ecosystems-ecosystem-services-and-biodiversity/figure/lion-fish url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: 'These maps show the change in several metrics of extreme precipitation by NCA4 region, including (upper left) the maximum daily precipitation in consecutive 5-year blocks, (upper right) the amount of precipitation falling in daily events that exceed the 99th percentile of all non-zero precipitation days, (lower left) the number of 2-day events with a precipitation total exceeding the largest 2-day amount that is expected to occur, on average, only once every 5 years, as calculated over 1901–2016, and (lower right) the number of 2-day events with a precipitation total exceeding the largest 2-day amount that is expected to occur, on average, only once every 5 years, as calculated over 1958–2016. The numerical value is the percent change over the entire period, either 1901–2016 or 1958–2016. The percentages are first calculated for individual stations, then averaged over 2° latitude by 2° longitude grid boxes, and finally averaged over each NCA4 region. Note that Alaska and Hawai‘i are not included in the 1901–2016 maps owing to a lack of observations in the earlier part of the 20th century. (Figure source: CICS-NC and NOAA NCEI).' chapter_identifier: precipitation-change create_dt: 2017-04-27T17:29:55 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/precipitation-change/figure/observed-changes-in-heavy-precipitation.yaml identifier: observed-changes-in-heavy-precipitation lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 4 report_identifier: climate-science-special-report source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2017-10-13T18:20:20 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Observed Change in Heavy Precipitation uri: /report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/precipitation-change/figure/observed-changes-in-heavy-precipitation url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: 'Climate model projections of changes in spring precipitation (%) by the middle of the 21st century relative to the late 20th century under a higher emissions pathway. Hatching represents areas where the majority of climate models indicate a statistically significant change. Precipitation in the spring is projected to increase in Connecticut by mid-century. Source: CICS-NC and NOAA NCEI.' chapter_identifier: connecticut create_dt: 2019-02-15T18:18:55 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/connecticut/figure/ct-projected-change-in-spring-precipitation.yaml identifier: ct-projected-change-in-spring-precipitation lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 5 report_identifier: noaa-led-state-summaries-2017 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2019-06-10T18:51:03 time_end: 2070-12-31T00:00:00 time_start: 1971-01-01T00:00:00 title: Projected Change in Spring Precipitation uri: /report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/connecticut/figure/ct-projected-change-in-spring-precipitation url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: 'This figure shows selected examples of impacts to biodiversity, ecosystems, and ecosystem services that are linked to climate change throughout the United States. Source: adapted from Groffman et al. 2014.' chapter_identifier: ecosystems-ecosystem-services-and-biodiversity create_dt: 2017-05-31T13:58:13 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/ecosystems-ecosystem-services-and-biodiversity/figure/figure-draft-2.yaml identifier: figure-draft-2 lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 5 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-11-30T20:07:52 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Regional Ecosystems Impacts uri: /report/nca4/chapter/ecosystems-ecosystem-services-and-biodiversity/figure/figure-draft-2 url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: 'Forests are the largest component of the U.S. carbon sink, but growth rates of forests vary widely across the country.Well-watered forests of the Pacific Coast and Southeast absorb considerably more than the arid southwestern forests or the colder northeastern forests. Climate change and disturbance rates, combined with current societal trends regarding land use and forest management, are projected to reduce forest CO2 uptake in the coming decades.78f2cbd8-d8f2-4d99-abbd-017bad4d52f1 Figure shows average forest growth as measured by net primary production from 2000 to 2006. (Figure source: adapted from Running et al. 20043685b300-05a0-44e2-bf75-82fd486896ff).' chapter_identifier: forests create_dt: 2014-01-07T11:00:00 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca3/chapter/forests/figure/forest-growth-provides-an-important-carbon-sink.yaml identifier: forest-growth-provides-an-important-carbon-sink lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 5 report_identifier: nca3 source_citation: 'adapted from Running et al. 20043685b300-05a0-44e2-bf75-82fd486896ff' submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Forest Growth Provides an Important Carbon Sink uri: /report/nca3/chapter/forests/figure/forest-growth-provides-an-important-carbon-sink url: http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/highlights/report-findings/ecosystems-and-biodiversity/graphics/forest-growth-provides-important usage_limits: Copyright protected. Obtain permission from the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: 'Mississippi River gauge height at St. Louis, MO, from October 2007 through October 2014 showing low water conditions during the 2012 drought and water levels above flood stage in 2013. (Figure source: adapted from USGS 2015)b2c1fa72-8eb0-4983-9281-331db52c5b8e' chapter_identifier: food-safety-nutrition-and-distribution create_dt: 2014-10-08T19:00:00 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/food-safety-nutrition-and-distribution/figure/mississippi-river-level-at-st-louis-missouri.yaml identifier: mississippi-river-level-at-st-louis-missouri lat_max: N/A lat_min: N/A lon_max: N/A lon_min: N/A ordinal: 5 report_identifier: usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: 2014-10-08T23:59:59 time_start: 2007-10-01T00:00:00 title: 'Mississippi River Level at St. Louis, Missouri' uri: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/food-safety-nutrition-and-distribution/figure/mississippi-river-level-at-st-louis-missouri url: ~ usage_limits: ~ - attributes: ~ caption: 'Projected change (%) in total seasonal precipitation from CMIP5 simulations for 2070–2099. The values are weighted multimodel means and expressed as the percent change relative to the 1976–2005 average. These are results for the higher scenario (RCP8.5). Stippling indicates that changes are assessed to be large compared to natural variations. Hatching indicates that changes are assessed to be small compared to natural variations. Blank regions (if any) are where projections are assessed to be inconclusive. Data source: World Climate Research Program’s (WCRP’s) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. (Figure source: NOAA NCEI).' chapter_identifier: precipitation-change create_dt: 2016-10-14T19:18:27 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/precipitation-change/figure/seasonal-precip-projections--rcp8-5-.yaml identifier: seasonal-precip-projections--rcp8-5- lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 5 report_identifier: climate-science-special-report source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2017-10-13T18:20:30 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Projected Change (%) in Seasonal Precipitation uri: /report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/precipitation-change/figure/seasonal-precip-projections--rcp8-5- url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: "The figure shows the projected percent change in the yield of corn, wheat, soybeans, and cotton during the period 2080–2099. Units represent average percent change in yields under the higher scenario (RCP8.5) as compared to a scenario of no additional climate change. Warmer colors (negative percent change) indicate large projected declines in yields; cooler colors (green) indicate moderate projected increases in yields. Source: adapted from Hsiang et al. 2017.{{< tbib '179' 'fad9e8ec-8951-4daa-9a9c-e093ef86af16' >}} Data were not available for the U.S. Caribbean, Alaska, or Hawaiʻi and U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands regions." chapter_identifier: ecosystems-ecosystem-services-and-biodiversity create_dt: 2018-02-13T14:45:13 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/ecosystems-ecosystem-services-and-biodiversity/figure/economic-damage-from-climate-change.yaml identifier: economic-damage-from-climate-change lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 6 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-11-30T20:07:53 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Agricultural Productivity uri: /report/nca4/chapter/ecosystems-ecosystem-services-and-biodiversity/figure/economic-damage-from-climate-change url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: 'Historical, current, and projected annual rates of forest ecosystem and harvested wood product CO2 net emissions/sequestration in the U.S. from 1635 to 2055. In the top panel, the change in the historical annual carbon emissions (black line) in the early 1900s corresponds to the peak in the transformation of large parts of the U.S. from forested land to agricultural land uses. Green shading shows this decline in forest land area. In the bottom panel, future projections shown under higher (A2) and lower (B2 and A1B) emissions scenarios show forests as carbon sources (due to loss of forest area and accelerating disturbance rates) rather than sinks in the latter half of this century. The A1B scenario assumes similar emissions to the A2 scenario used in this report through 2050, and a slow decline thereafter. (Data from EPA 2013;13e4d075-f7bd-4fd4-a41f-a1f0cd93356d USFS 2012;2545714a-f4ac-48f4-8c8f-b0954f3cfef6 Birdsey 20064c53dfcf-e3e2-47e0-a356-369324e49cd5).' chapter_identifier: forests create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca3/chapter/forests/figure/forests-and-carbon.yaml identifier: forests-and-carbon lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 6 report_identifier: nca3 source_citation: 'EPA 2013; USFS 2012; Birdsey 20064c53dfcf-e3e2-47e0-a356-369324e49cd5,2545714a-f4ac-48f4-8c8f-b0954f3cfef6,13e4d075-f7bd-4fd4-a41f-a1f0cd93356d' submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Forests and Carbon uri: /report/nca3/chapter/forests/figure/forests-and-carbon url: http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/sectors/forests/graphics/forests-and-carbon usage_limits: Copyright protected. Obtain permission from the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: 'Regional extreme precipitation event frequency for a lower scenario (RCP4.5) (green; 16 CMIP5 models) and the higher scenario (RCP8.5) (blue; 14 CMIP5 models) for a 2-day duration and 5-year return. Calculated for 2006–2100 but decadal anomalies begin in 2011. Error bars are ±1 standard deviation; standard deviation is calculated from the 14 or 16 model values that represent the aggregated average over the regions, over the decades, and over the ensemble members of each model. The average frequency for the historical reference period is 0.2 by definition and the values in this graph should be interpreted with respect to a comparison with this historical average value. (Figure source: Janssen et al. 20148785e73d-2258-47f6-b4f5-a79b6ac5ce25 ).' chapter_identifier: precipitation-change create_dt: 2016-09-30T12:48:03 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/precipitation-change/figure/futureprojection_2dy_5yr.yaml identifier: futureprojection_2dy_5yr lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 6 report_identifier: climate-science-special-report source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2017-10-13T18:20:53 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Future Projection of Regional Extreme Precipitation of 2-Day Duration and 5 Year Return uri: /report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/precipitation-change/figure/futureprojection_2dy_5yr url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: ~ chapter_identifier: food-safety-nutrition-and-distribution create_dt: 2009-08-31T12:00:00 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/food-safety-nutrition-and-distribution/figure/mycotoxin-in-corn.yaml identifier: mycotoxin-in-corn lat_max: N/A lat_min: N/A lon_max: N/A lon_min: N/A ordinal: 6 report_identifier: usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Mycotoxin in Corn uri: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/food-safety-nutrition-and-distribution/figure/mycotoxin-in-corn url: ~ usage_limits: ~ - attributes: ~ caption: 'Projected change in the 20-year return period amount for daily precipitation for mid- (left maps) and late-21st century (right maps). Results are shown for a lower scenario (top maps; RCP4.5) and for a higher scenario (bottom maps, RCP8.5). These results are calculated from the LOCA downscaled data. (Figure source: CICS-NC and NOAA NCEI).' chapter_identifier: precipitation-change create_dt: 2016-11-15T19:33:56 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/precipitation-change/figure/cs_projected-change-daily-20-yr-extreme-precip_v1.yaml identifier: cs_projected-change-daily-20-yr-extreme-precip_v1 lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 7 report_identifier: climate-science-special-report source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2017-10-13T18:21:59 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: 'Projected Change in Daily, 20-year Extreme Precipitation' uri: /report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/precipitation-change/figure/cs_projected-change-daily-20-yr-extreme-precip_v1 url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: |+2 Estimated, observed, and possible future amounts of global sea level rise from 1800 to 2100, relative to the year 2000. The orange line at right shows the most likely range of 1 to 4 feet by 2100 based on an assessment of scientific studies, which falls within a larger possible range of 0.66 feet to 6.6 feet. Source: Melillo et al. 2014 and Parris et al. 2012. chapter_identifier: connecticut create_dt: 2013-11-15T14:51:00 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/connecticut/figure/ct-past-and-projected-changes-in-global-sea-level.yaml identifier: ct-past-and-projected-changes-in-global-sea-level lat_max: 90 lat_min: -90 lon_max: 180 lon_min: -180 ordinal: 7 report_identifier: noaa-led-state-summaries-2017 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: 2100-12-31T00:00:00 time_start: 1800-01-01T00:00:00 title: Past and Projected Changes in Global Sea Level uri: /report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/connecticut/figure/ct-past-and-projected-changes-in-global-sea-level url: ~ usage_limits: ~ - attributes: ~ caption: 'Potential forestry bioenergy resources by 2030 at $80 per dry ton of biomass based on current forest area, production rates based on aggressive management for fast-growth, and short rotation bioenergy plantations. Units are oven dry tons (ODT) per square mile at the county level, where an ODT is 2,000 pounds of biomass from which the moisture has been removed. Includes extensive material from existing forestland, such as residues, simulated thinnings, and some pulpwood for bioenergy, among other sources. (Figure source: adapted from U.S. Department of Energy 20110169e20a-8550-4435-8db2-b149a7d1d94d).' chapter_identifier: forests create_dt: 2013-10-30T16:42:00 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca3/chapter/forests/figure/location-of-potential-forestry-biomass-resources.yaml identifier: location-of-potential-forestry-biomass-resources lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 7 report_identifier: nca3 source_citation: 'adapted from U.S. Department of Energy 20110169e20a-8550-4435-8db2-b149a7d1d94d' submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Location of Potential Forestry Biomass Resources uri: /report/nca3/chapter/forests/figure/location-of-potential-forestry-biomass-resources url: http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/sectors/forests/graphics/location-potential-forestry-biomass-resources usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: ~ chapter_identifier: food-safety-nutrition-and-distribution create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/food-safety-nutrition-and-distribution/figure/low-water-conditions-on-mississippi-river.yaml identifier: low-water-conditions-on-mississippi-river lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 7 report_identifier: usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Low Water Conditions on Mississippi River uri: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/food-safety-nutrition-and-distribution/figure/low-water-conditions-on-mississippi-river url: ~ usage_limits: ~ - attributes: ~ caption: 'Projected change (percentage change relative to the 1976–2005 reference period average) in the number of daily zero (“No-Precip”) and non-zero precipitation days (by percentile bins) for late-21st century under a higher scenario (RCP8.5). The precipitation percentile bin thresholds are based on daily non-zero precipitation amounts from the 1976–2005 reference period that have been ranked from low to high. These results are calculated from the LOCA downscaled data. (Figure source: CICS-NC and NOAA NCEI).' chapter_identifier: precipitation-change create_dt: 2017-04-24T15:40:36 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/precipitation-change/figure/change-in-the-number-of-days-within-precipitation-percentile-intervals.yaml identifier: change-in-the-number-of-days-within-precipitation-percentile-intervals lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 8 report_identifier: climate-science-special-report source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2017-10-13T18:22:11 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Change in the Number of Days Within Precipitation Percentile Intervals uri: /report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/precipitation-change/figure/change-in-the-number-of-days-within-precipitation-percentile-intervals url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: 'The figure shows forestland by ownership category in the contiguous U.S. in 2007.2545714a-f4ac-48f4-8c8f-b0954f3cfef6 Western forests are most often located on public lands, while eastern forests, especially in Maine and in the Southeast, are more often privately held. (Figure source: U.S. Forest Service 20122545714a-f4ac-48f4-8c8f-b0954f3cfef6).' chapter_identifier: forests create_dt: 2013-10-24T13:02:00 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca3/chapter/forests/figure/public-and-private-forestlands.yaml identifier: public-and-private-forestlands lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 8 report_identifier: nca3 source_citation: 'U.S. Forest Service 20122545714a-f4ac-48f4-8c8f-b0954f3cfef6' submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Public and Private Forestlands uri: /report/nca3/chapter/forests/figure/public-and-private-forestlands url: http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/sectors/forests/graphics/public-and-private-forestlands usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: 'This conceptual diagram illustrates the key pathways by which humans are exposed to health threats from climate drivers, and potential resulting mental health and well-being outcomes (center boxes). These exposure pathways exist within the context of other factors that positively or negatively influence health outcomes (gray side boxes). Key factors that influence health outcomes and vulnerability for individuals are shown in the right box, and include social determinants of health and behavioral choices. Key factors that influence health outcomes and vulnerability at larger community or societal scales, such as natural and built environments, governance and management, and institutions, are shown in the left box. All of these influencing factors may also be affected by climate change. See Chapter 1: Introduction for more information.' chapter_identifier: mental-health-and-well-being create_dt: 2015-02-05T00:00:00 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/mental-health-and-well-being/figure/climate-change-and-mental-health.yaml identifier: climate-change-and-mental-health lat_max: N/A lat_min: N/A lon_max: N/A lon_min: N/A ordinal: 1 report_identifier: usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Climate Change and Mental Health uri: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/mental-health-and-well-being/figure/climate-change-and-mental-health url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: "This figure shows that cumulative damages (in 2015 dollars) to coastal property across the contiguous United States would be significantly reduced if protective adaptation measures were implemented, compared to a scenario where no adaptation occurs. Without adaptation, cumulative damages under the higher scenario (RCP8.5) are estimated at $3.6 trillion through 2100 (discounted at 3%), compared to $820 billion in the scenario where cost‐effective adaptation measures are implemented. Under the lower scenario (RCP4.5), costs without adaptation are reduced by $92 billion relative to RCP8.5 and are $800 billion with adaptation. Note: The stepwise nature of the graph is due to the fact that the analysis evaluates storm surge risks every 10 years, beginning in 2005. Source: adapted from EPA 2017.{{< tbib '35' '0b30f1ab-e4c4-4837-aa8b-0e19faccdb94' >}}" chapter_identifier: coastal-effects create_dt: 2017-06-23T14:14:15 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/coastal-effects/figure/cost-of-slr.yaml identifier: cost-of-slr lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 1 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-11-23T14:41:49 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Cumulative Costs of Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge to Coastal Property uri: /report/nca4/chapter/coastal-effects/figure/cost-of-slr url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: |+2 Observed and projected changes (compared to the 1901–1960 average) in near-surface air temperature for Delaware. Observed data are for 1900–2014. Projected changes for 2006–2100 are from global climate models for two possible futures: one in which greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase (higher emissions) and another in which greenhouse gas emissions increase at a slower rate (lower emissions). Temperatures in Delaware (orange line) have risen more than 2°F since the beginning of the 20th century. Shading indicates the range of annual temperatures from the set of models. Observed temperatures are generally within the envelope of model simulations of the historical period (gray shading). Historically unprecedented warming is projected during the 21st century. Less warming is expected under a lower emissions future (the coldest years being about 3°F warmer than the long-term historical average; green shading) and more warming under a higher emissions future (the hottest years being about 13°F warmer than long-term historical average; red shading).Source: CICS-NC and NOAA NCEI. chapter_identifier: delaware create_dt: 2015-08-12T00:00:00 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/delaware/figure/de-observed-and-projected-temperature-change.yaml identifier: de-observed-and-projected-temperature-change lat_max: 39.8395 lat_min: 38.4510 lon_max: -75.7886 lon_min: -75.0489 ordinal: 1 report_identifier: noaa-led-state-summaries-2017 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: 2100-12-31T00:00:00 time_start: 1900-01-01T00:00:00 title: Observed and Projected Temperature Change uri: /report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/delaware/figure/de-observed-and-projected-temperature-change url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: "Global CH4 and CO2 concentrations\r\n(in parts per billion [ppb] and parts per million\r\n[ppm], respectively) are from the National Oceanic and\r\nAtmospheric Administration’s Marine Boundary Layer\r\nproduct. Methane emissions were generated from annual\r\ngrowth rates of marine boundary layer CH4, assuming\r\na CH4 lifetime of 9.1 years. Carbon dioxide emissions\r\nwere generated from annual growth rates of marine\r\nboundary layer CO2, converted to emissions using a\r\nfactor of 2,128 teragrams of carbon (Tg C) per year per\r\nppm and removing anthropogenic fossil fuel emissions.\r\nFrom 1980 to 2016, these global fossil fuel emissions\r\ngrew steadily from about 5,000 Tg C per year to about\r\n9,200 Tg C per year (Boden et al., 2017). Dotted vertical\r\nlines in 2007 and 2016 represent approximate reference\r\ntimes for publication of the first and second State of the\r\nCarbon Cycle reports." chapter_identifier: observations-of-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide-and-methane create_dt: 2018-02-05T23:31:38 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/second-state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr2-sustained-assessment-report/chapter/observations-of-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide-and-methane/figure/global-monthly-mean-methane-and-carbon-dioxide-concentrations-and-global-annual-emissions-of-ch4-and-non-fossil-fuel-annual-emissions-of-co2-.yaml identifier: global-monthly-mean-methane-and-carbon-dioxide-concentrations-and-global-annual-emissions-of-ch4-and-non-fossil-fuel-annual-emissions-of-co2- lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 1 report_identifier: second-state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr2-sustained-assessment-report source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2019-02-11T16:50:53 time_end: 2016-01-01T00:00:00 time_start: 1979-01-01T00:00:00 title: Global Monthly Mean Concentrations of Methane (CH4; red line) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2; blue line) and Global Annual Emissions of CH4 (red bars) and Nonfossil Fuel Annual Emissions of CO2 (blue bars) uri: /report/second-state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr2-sustained-assessment-report/chapter/observations-of-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide-and-methane/figure/global-monthly-mean-methane-and-carbon-dioxide-concentrations-and-global-annual-emissions-of-ch4-and-non-fossil-fuel-annual-emissions-of-co2- url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: ~ chapter_identifier: harmful-algal-blooms create_dt: 2017-05-03T16:09:40 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/epa-multi-model-framework-for-quantitative-sectoral-impacts-analysis-2017/chapter/harmful-algal-blooms/figure/projected-change-in-cyanobacteria-concentrations.yaml identifier: projected-change-in-cyanobacteria-concentrations lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 1 report_identifier: epa-multi-model-framework-for-quantitative-sectoral-impacts-analysis-2017 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2017-09-26T21:05:14 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Projected Change in Cyanobacteria Concentrations uri: /report/epa-multi-model-framework-for-quantitative-sectoral-impacts-analysis-2017/chapter/harmful-algal-blooms/figure/projected-change-in-cyanobacteria-concentrations url: ~ usage_limits: Copyright protected. Obtain permission from the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: 'Projected end of the 21st century weighted CMIP5 multimodel average percent changes in near surface seasonal soil moisture (mrsos) under the higher scenario (RCP8.5). Stippling indicates that changes are assessed to be large compared to natural variations. Hashing indicates that changes are assessed to be small compared to natural variations. Blank regions (if any) are where projections are assessed to be inconclusive (Appendix B). (Figure source: NOAA NCEI and CICS-NC).' chapter_identifier: drought-floods-hydrology create_dt: 2016-10-14T19:33:54 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/drought-floods-hydrology/figure/projected-soil-moisture-change.yaml identifier: projected-soil-moisture-change lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 1 report_identifier: climate-science-special-report source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2017-10-30T15:10:23 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: 'Projected Change in Soil Moisture, End of Century, Higher Emissions' uri: /report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/drought-floods-hydrology/figure/projected-soil-moisture-change url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source.