--- - attributes: ~ caption: ~ chapter_identifier: ~ create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/indicator-start-of-spring-2016/figure/indicator-start-of-spring-2016.yaml identifier: indicator-start-of-spring-2016 lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 1 report_identifier: indicator-start-of-spring-2016 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: 2016-12-31T00:00:00 time_start: 1900-01-01T00:00:00 title: Indicator Start of Spring uri: /report/indicator-start-of-spring-2016/figure/indicator-start-of-spring-2016 url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to USGCRP. - attributes: ~ caption: ~ chapter_identifier: ~ create_dt: 2018-02-13T18:51:11 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/indicator-start-of-spring-2018/figure/indicator-start-of-spring-2018.yaml identifier: indicator-start-of-spring-2018 lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 1 report_identifier: indicator-start-of-spring-2018 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2019-03-28T14:04:56 time_end: 2017-12-31T00:00:00 time_start: 1900-01-01T00:00:00 title: Start of Spring uri: /report/indicator-start-of-spring-2018/figure/indicator-start-of-spring-2018 url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: ~ chapter_identifier: ~ create_dt: 2018-02-13T18:51:11 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/indicator-start-of-spring-2019/figure/indicator-start-of-spring-2019.yaml identifier: indicator-start-of-spring-2019 lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 1 report_identifier: indicator-start-of-spring-2019 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2019-06-10T18:49:24 time_end: 2018-12-31T00:00:00 time_start: 1900-01-01T00:00:00 title: Start of Spring uri: /report/indicator-start-of-spring-2019/figure/indicator-start-of-spring-2019 url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: The bars on the graph show the number of days by which the start of spring differs from the average start of spring during the last century. chapter_identifier: ~ create_dt: 2018-02-13T18:51:11 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/indicator-start-of-spring-2020/figure/indicator-start-of-spring-2020.yaml identifier: indicator-start-of-spring-2020 lat_max: 49.38 lat_min: 24.52 lon_max: -66.95 lon_min: -124.77 ordinal: 1 report_identifier: indicator-start-of-spring-2020 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2020-11-10T14:14:54 time_end: 2019-12-31T00:00:00 time_start: 1900-01-01T00:00:00 title: Start of Spring uri: /report/indicator-start-of-spring-2020/figure/indicator-start-of-spring-2020 url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: ~ chapter_identifier: ~ create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/indicator-terrestrial-carbon-storage/figure/indicator-terrestrial-carbon-storage.yaml identifier: indicator-terrestrial-carbon-storage lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 1 report_identifier: indicator-terrestrial-carbon-storage source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: 2011-12-31T00:00:00 time_start: 1990-01-01T00:00:00 title: Indicator Terrestrial Carbon Storage uri: /report/indicator-terrestrial-carbon-storage/figure/indicator-terrestrial-carbon-storage url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to USGCRP. - attributes: ~ caption: ~ chapter_identifier: ~ create_dt: 2017-11-22T19:04:04 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/indicator-terrestrial-carbon-storage-2018/figure/indicator-terrestrial-carbon-storage-2018.yaml identifier: indicator-terrestrial-carbon-storage-2018 lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 1 report_identifier: indicator-terrestrial-carbon-storage-2018 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2019-07-01T15:09:36 time_end: 2016-12-31T00:00:00 time_start: 1990-01-01T00:00:00 title: Terrestrial Carbon Storage uri: /report/indicator-terrestrial-carbon-storage-2018/figure/indicator-terrestrial-carbon-storage-2018 url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: 'Forests (not including urban forests) accounted for 94% of the terrestrial carbon stored in 2017. With the exception of one year since 1990, croplands and grasslands have been net carbon dioxide sources, annually releasing more carbon dioxide than they are storing.' chapter_identifier: ~ create_dt: 2017-11-22T19:04:04 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/indicator-terrestrial-carbon-storage-2019/figure/indicator-terrestrial-carbon-storage-2019.yaml identifier: indicator-terrestrial-carbon-storage-2019 lat_max: 71.83 lat_min: 18.92 lon_max: -66.95 lon_min: 172 ordinal: 1 report_identifier: indicator-terrestrial-carbon-storage-2019 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2019-10-30T17:23:12 time_end: 2017-12-31T00:00:00 time_start: 1990-01-01T00:00:00 title: Terrestrial Carbon Storage uri: /report/indicator-terrestrial-carbon-storage-2019/figure/indicator-terrestrial-carbon-storage-2019 url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: 'Forests (not including urban forests) accounted for 94% of the terrestrial carbon stored in 2018. In recent years, croplands and grasslands have become net carbon dioxide sources. With the exception of one year since 2009, more carbon dioxide has been released annually than stored in croplands and grasslands.' chapter_identifier: ~ create_dt: 2017-11-22T19:04:04 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/indicator-terrestrial-carbon-storage-2020/figure/indicator-terrestrial-carbon-storage-2020.yaml identifier: indicator-terrestrial-carbon-storage-2020 lat_max: 71.83 lat_min: 18.92 lon_max: -66.95 lon_min: 172 ordinal: 1 report_identifier: indicator-terrestrial-carbon-storage-2020 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2021-02-22T16:40:39 time_end: 2018-12-31T00:00:00 time_start: 1990-01-01T00:00:00 title: Terrestrial Carbon Storage uri: /report/indicator-terrestrial-carbon-storage-2020/figure/indicator-terrestrial-carbon-storage-2020 url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: These bar graphs and maps show changes in the number of heat waves per year (frequency) and the number of days between the first and last heat wave of the year (season length). These data were analyzed from 1961 to 2017 for 50 large U.S. metropolitan areas. The graphs show averages across all 50 metropolitan areas by decade. The size/color of each circle in the maps indicates the rate of change per decade. Hatching represents cities where the trend is not statistically significant. chapter_identifier: ~ create_dt: 2019-04-10T18:11:32 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/indicator-us-heat-waves-2018/figure/indicator-us-heat-waves-2018.yaml identifier: indicator-us-heat-waves-2018 lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 1 report_identifier: indicator-us-heat-waves-2018 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2019-05-21T21:24:16 time_end: 2017-12-31T23:59:59 time_start: 1961-01-01T00:00:00 title: 'Indicator: Heat Waves' uri: /report/indicator-us-heat-waves-2018/figure/indicator-us-heat-waves-2018 url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: These bar graphs and maps show changes in the number of heat waves per year (frequency) and the number of days between the first and last heat wave of the year (season length). These data were analyzed from 1961 to 2018 for 50 large U.S. metropolitan areas. The graphs show averages across all 50 metropolitan areas by decade. The size/color of each circle in the maps indicates the rate of change per decade. Hatching represents cities where the trend is not statistically significant. chapter_identifier: ~ create_dt: 2019-04-10T18:11:32 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/indicator-us-heat-waves-2019/figure/indicator-us-heat-waves-2019.yaml identifier: indicator-us-heat-waves-2019 lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 1 report_identifier: indicator-us-heat-waves-2019 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2019-07-30T19:46:18 time_end: 2018-12-31T23:59:59 time_start: 1961-01-01T00:00:00 title: 'Indicator: Heat Waves' uri: /report/indicator-us-heat-waves-2019/figure/indicator-us-heat-waves-2019 url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: ~ chapter_identifier: ~ create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/indicator-us-surface-temperature/figure/indicator-us-surface-temperature.yaml identifier: indicator-us-surface-temperature lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 1 report_identifier: indicator-us-surface-temperature source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: 2013-12-31T23:59:59 time_start: 1895-01-01T00:00:00 title: Indicator U.S. Surface Temperature uri: /report/indicator-us-surface-temperature/figure/indicator-us-surface-temperature url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to USGCRP. - attributes: ~ caption: ~ chapter_identifier: ~ create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/indicator-us-surface-temperature-2016/figure/indicator-us-surface-temperature-2016.yaml identifier: indicator-us-surface-temperature-2016 lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 1 report_identifier: indicator-us-surface-temperature-2016 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: 2015-12-31T23:59:59 time_start: 1895-01-01T00:00:00 title: Indicator U.S. Surface Temperature uri: /report/indicator-us-surface-temperature-2016/figure/indicator-us-surface-temperature-2016 url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to USGCRP. - attributes: ~ caption: ~ chapter_identifier: ~ create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/indicator-us-surface-temperature-2018/figure/indicator-us-surface-temperature-2018.yaml identifier: indicator-us-surface-temperature-2018 lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 1 report_identifier: indicator-us-surface-temperature-2018 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: 2017-12-31T23:59:59 time_start: 1895-01-01T00:00:00 title: Indicator U.S. Surface Temperatures uri: /report/indicator-us-surface-temperature-2018/figure/indicator-us-surface-temperature-2018 url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to USGCRP. - attributes: ~ caption: ~ chapter_identifier: ~ create_dt: 2017-11-16T00:00:00 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/indicator-us-surface-temperature-2019/figure/indicator-us-surface-temperature-2019.yaml identifier: indicator-us-surface-temperature-2019 lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 1 report_identifier: indicator-us-surface-temperature-2019 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2019-04-30T00:00:00 time_end: 2018-12-31T23:59:59 time_start: 1895-01-01T00:00:00 title: Indicator U.S. Surface Temperatures uri: /report/indicator-us-surface-temperature-2019/figure/indicator-us-surface-temperature-2019 url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information. - attributes: ~ caption: The bars on the graph show the number of degrees by which the average U.S. temperature for each year differs from the average U.S. temperature during the last century. chapter_identifier: ~ create_dt: 2017-11-16T18:48:50 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/indicator-us-surface-temperature-2020/figure/indicator-us-surface-temperature-2020.yaml identifier: indicator-us-surface-temperature-2020 lat_max: 49.38 lat_min: 24.52 lon_max: -66.95 lon_min: -124.77 ordinal: 1 report_identifier: indicator-us-surface-temperature-2020 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2020-06-29T17:31:50 time_end: 2019-12-31T00:00:00 time_start: 1895-01-01T00:00:00 title: U.S. Surface Temperatures uri: /report/indicator-us-surface-temperature-2020/figure/indicator-us-surface-temperature-2020 url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: ~ chapter_identifier: ~ create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/indicator-vibrio-infections/figure/indicator-vibrio-infections.yaml identifier: indicator-vibrio-infections lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 1 report_identifier: indicator-vibrio-infections source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: 2012-12-31T23:59:59 time_start: 1998-01-01T00:00:00 title: Indicator Vibrio Infections uri: /report/indicator-vibrio-infections/figure/indicator-vibrio-infections url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to USGCRP. - attributes: ~ caption: ~ chapter_identifier: nca4-front-matter create_dt: 2017-09-13T18:38:21 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/nca4-front-matter/figure/nca4-regions-map.yaml identifier: nca4-regions-map lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 1 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-11-23T14:35:07 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: NCA Regions uri: /report/nca4/chapter/nca4-front-matter/figure/nca4-regions-map url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: 'Map of the ten regions of the United States used throughout the Climate Science Special Report. Regions are similar to that used in the Third National Climate Assessment except that 1) the Great Plains are split into the Northern Great Plains and Southern Great Plains, and 2) the Caribbean islands have been split from the Southeast region. (Figure source: adapted from Melillo et al. 2014dd5b893d-4462-4bb3-9205-67b532919566).' chapter_identifier: front-matter create_dt: 2016-09-09T15:06:36 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/front-matter/figure/nca-regions.yaml identifier: nca-regions lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 1 report_identifier: climate-science-special-report source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2017-10-02T18:36:39 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: NCA Regions uri: /report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/front-matter/figure/nca-regions url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: 'Projected global average temperature rise for specific emissions pathways (left) and concentration pathways (right) relative to the 1901_1960 average. Shading indicates the range (5thto 95th percentile) of results from a suite of climate models. Projections in 2099 are indicated by the bars to the right of each panel. In all cases, temperatures are expected to rise, although the difference between lower and higher pathways is substantial.

The left panel shows the two main CMIP3 scenarios (SRES) used in this assessment: A2 assumes continued increases in emissions throughout this century, and B1 assumes significant emissions reductions beginning around 2050. The right panel shows the newer CMIP5 scenarios using Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). CMIP5 includes both lower and higher pathways than CMIP3. The lowest concentration pathway shown here, RCP2.6, assumes immediate and rapid reductions in emissions and would result in about 2.5°F of warming in this century. The highest pathway, RCP8.5, roughly similar to a continuation of the current path of global emissions increases, is projected to lead to more than 8°F warming by 2100, with a high-end possibility of more than 11°F. (Data from CMIP3, CMIP5, and NOAA NCEI). (Figure source: adapted from Melillo et al. 2014)dd5b893d-4462-4bb3-9205-67b532919566' chapter_identifier: appendix-1--technical-support-document create_dt: 2014-07-02T08:38:00 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/appendix-1--technical-support-document/figure/scenarios-of-future-temperature-rise.yaml identifier: scenarios-of-future-temperature-rise lat_max: 90.00 lat_min: -90.00 lon_max: 180.00 lon_min: -180.00 ordinal: 1 report_identifier: usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: 2100-12-31T23:59:59 time_start: 1900-01-01T00:00:00 title: Scenarios of Future Temperature Rise uri: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/appendix-1--technical-support-document/figure/scenarios-of-future-temperature-rise url: ~ usage_limits: ~ - attributes: ~ caption: 'The center boxes include selected examples of climate drivers, the primary pathways by which humans are exposed to health threats from those drivers, and the key health outcomes that may result from exposure. The left gray box indicates examples of the larger environmental and institutional context that can affect a person’s or community’s vulnerability to health impacts of climate change. The right gray box indicates the social and behavioral context that also affects a person’s vulnerability to health impacts of climate change. This path includes factors such as race, gender, and age, as well as socioeconomic factors like income and education or behavioral factors like individual decision making. The examples listed in these two gray boxes can increase or reduce vulnerability by influencing the exposure pathway (changes in exposure) or health outcomes (changes in sensitivity or adaptive capacity). The diagram shows that climate change can affect health outcomes directly and by influencing the environmental, institutional, social, and behavioral contexts of health.' chapter_identifier: front-matter create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/front-matter/figure/understanding-the-exposure-pathway-diagrams.yaml identifier: understanding-the-exposure-pathway-diagrams lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 1 report_identifier: usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Understanding the Exposure Pathway Diagrams uri: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/front-matter/figure/understanding-the-exposure-pathway-diagrams url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: 'These processes link the atmosphere with other components of the Earth system, including the oceans, land, and terrestrial and marine plants and animals. Credit: CCSP Strategic Plan (illustrated by P. Rekacewicz).' chapter_identifier: ~ create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/ccsp-ocpfy2006/figure/chemical-transport-processes-atmospheric-composition.yaml identifier: chemical-transport-processes-atmospheric-composition lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 10 report_identifier: ccsp-ocpfy2006 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Chemical and Transport Processes Related to Atmospheric Composition uri: /report/ccsp-ocpfy2006/figure/chemical-transport-processes-atmospheric-composition url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: 'Changes in cold season extreme precipitation and mean annual snowpack based on ensemble regional climate simulations of current and mid-21st century climate conditions. This figure shows the difference between three future (2040-2060) regional climate simulations based on the Penn State/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) and a control simulation with concentrations of greenhouse gases kept constant at the 1995 level. Results show that, by the mid-21st century, the projected average regional warming of 1-2.5oC would strongly affect snowpack in the western United States. In addition, cold season extreme precipitation is projected to increase along the Cascades and Sierra Nevada ranges. The effects of model biases and uncertainty related to the relationship of projected greenhouse gas concentrations to the projected future climate conditions were not evaluated in this study. Large uncertainties still exist in projecting future climate using climate models, particularly in projecting future precipitation. Credit: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.' chapter_identifier: ~ create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/ccsp-ocpfy2003/figure/climate-change-effects-snowpack-extreme-precipitation.yaml identifier: climate-change-effects-snowpack-extreme-precipitation lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 10 report_identifier: ccsp-ocpfy2003 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Climate Change Effects on Snowpack and Extreme Precipitation uri: /report/ccsp-ocpfy2003/figure/climate-change-effects-snowpack-extreme-precipitation url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: 'These products were generated using censuses of population, housing, and agriculture: (top) change in population density; (middle) change in land area settled at “exurban densities” (i.e., 1 house per 1 to 40 acres); and (bottom) change in percentage of cropland. Credit: D.G. Brown, University of Michigan (reproduced from Ecological Applications with permission from the Ecological Society of America).' chapter_identifier: ~ create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/ccsp-ocpfy2007/figure/county-scale-land-use-changes-1950-2000.yaml identifier: county-scale-land-use-changes-1950-2000 lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 10 report_identifier: ccsp-ocpfy2007 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: 'County-Scale Land Use Changes, 1950 to 2000' uri: /report/ccsp-ocpfy2007/figure/county-scale-land-use-changes-1950-2000 url: ~ usage_limits: Copyright protected. Obtain permission from the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: 'Defining the determinants of vulnerability to health impacts associated with climate change, including exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity (see Ch. 9: Populations of Concern). (Figure source: adapted from Turner et al. 2003)b6a2f8d3-a113-4e46-b62c-7fbaf90b4f59' chapter_identifier: executive-summary create_dt: 2014-11-01T01:00:00 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/executive-summary/figure/es-determinants-of-vulnerability.yaml identifier: es-determinants-of-vulnerability lat_max: N/A lat_min: N/A lon_max: N/A lon_min: N/A ordinal: 10 report_identifier: usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Determinants of Vulnerability uri: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/executive-summary/figure/es-determinants-of-vulnerability url: ~ usage_limits: Copyright protected. Obtain permission from the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: Global average observed wind speeds over land show a decrease over time while model data reanalysis systems indicate no trend. chapter_identifier: ~ create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/usgcrp-ocpfy2012/figure/global-average-wind-speed-over-land.yaml identifier: global-average-wind-speed-over-land lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 10 report_identifier: usgcrp-ocpfy2012 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Global Average Wind Speeds Over Land uri: /report/usgcrp-ocpfy2012/figure/global-average-wind-speed-over-land url: ~ usage_limits: Copyright protected. Obtain permission from the original figure source.