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Name ORCID Organizations Publications
Abraham Kulangara Association of State and Territorial Health Officials 3rd National Climate Assessment Feedback Report. Reference Number 2011-0059
Ranjani Wasantha Kulawardhana 0000-0001-7918-7514 Texas A&M University Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Historical reconstruction of mangrove expansion in the Gulf of Mexico: Linking climate change with carbon sequestration in coastal wetlands
Kathy Kuletz U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fluxes, Fins, and Feathers: Relationships Among the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas in a Time of Climate Change
Robert J. Kuligowski NOAA Satellite, Data, and Information Service Center for Satellite Applications and Research Satellite sub-pixel rainfall variability
Manisha A. Kulkarni 0000-0002-5084-4960 University of Ottawa School of Epidemiology and Public Health Anticipating the international spread of Zika virus from Brazil
Christian A. Kull 0000-0002-7516-7898 Monash University School of Geography and Environmental Science Fire in the Earth System
Jaakko Kullberg Poleward shifts in geographical ranges of butterfly species associated with regional warming
Markku Kulmala 0000-0003-3464-7825 University of Helsinki Department of Physics Global observations of aerosol–cloud–precipitation–climate interactions
Andrew Kulmatiski 0000-0001-9977-5508 Utah State University Department of Plants, Soils and Climate Woody plant encroachment facilitated by increased precipitation intensity
Scott Kulp 0000-0003-1435-7943 Climate Central Rapid escalation of coastal flood exposure in US municipalities from sea level rise Consequences of twenty-first-century policy for multi-millennial climate and sea-level change Evolving understanding of Antarctic ice‐sheet physics and ambiguity in probabilistic sea‐level projections Carbon choices determine US cities committed to futures below sea level
Michio Kumagai 0000-0002-0648-3061 Ritsumeikan University Rapid and highly variable warming of lake surface waters around the globe
Arun Kumar National Weather Service Climate Prediction Center National Weather Service Environmental Modeling Center National Weather Service National Centers for Environmental Prediction Causes of the 2011–14 California drought Why Did Large Differences Arise in the Sea Surface Temperature Datasets across the Tropical Pacific during 2012? Anatomy of an Extreme Event A retrospective assessment of National Centers for Environmental Prediction climate model–based ensemble hydrologic forecasting in the western United States The making of an extreme event: Putting the pieces together Hurricanes and Climate: The U.S. CLIVAR Working Group on Hurricanes Robustness of the nonlinear climate response to ENSO’s extreme phases Atmospheric Response Patterns Associated with Tropical Forcing Annual Cycle of Pacific–North American Seasonal Predictability Associated with Different Phases of ENSO Causes and predictability of the 2012 Great Plains drought
Devashish Kumar 0000-0003-1495-5089 Northeastern University Sustainability and Data Sciences Laboratory Regional and seasonal intercomparison of CMIP3 and CMIP5 climate model ensembles for temperature and precipitation
Emani Kumar ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability Meta-principles for developing smart, sustainable, and healthy cities
Naresh Kumar Electric Power Research Institute EPRI Indian Agricultural Research Institute Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture Climatic effects of 1950-2050 changes in US anthropogenic aerosols - Part 1: Aerosol trends and radiative forcing How do various maize crop models vary in their responses to climate change factors? Climatic effects of 1950–2050 changes in US anthropogenic aerosols – Part 2: Climate response
Ravind Kumar Fiji Meteorological Service An updated assessment of trends and variability in total and extreme rainfall in the western Pacific
Roselyn Kumar 0000-0002-3940-0488 University of the South Pacific Pacific Studies Culturally grounded responses to coastal change on islands in the Federated States of Micronesia, northwest Pacific Ocean
Sanjiv Kumar Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies Intermodel variability and mechanism attribution of central and southeastern U.S. anomalous cooling in the twentieth century as simulated by CMIP5 models North American Climate in CMIP5 Experiments. Part II: Evaluation of Historical Simulations of Intraseasonal to Decadal Variability North American climate in CMIP5 experiments: Part III: Assessment of twenty-first-century projections
Soora Naresh Kumar Indian Agricultural Research Institute Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture Similar estimates of temperature impacts on global wheat yield by three independent methods Rising temperatures reduce global wheat production
Christian D. Kummerow Colorado State University Department of Atmospheric Science The Global Precipitation Measurement Mission
Michaël Kummert 0000-0003-1606-8344 Polytechnique Montreal Department of Mechanical Engineering Designing net-zero energy buildings for the future climate, not for the past
Lee Kump The Pennsylvania State University Department of Geosciences The Geological Record of Ocean Acidification
Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz Polish Academy of Sciences Institute for Agricultural and Forest Environment Polish Academy of Sciences Research Centre for Agricultural and Forest Environment Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Integrating risks of climate change into water management CLIMATE CHANGE: Stationarity Is Dead: Whither Water Management? Coping with variability and change: Floods and droughts Climate change impacts on the hydrological cycle
Kenneth E. Kunkel 0000-0001-6667-7047 Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - NC Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies Desert Research Institute Division of Atmospheric Sciences Illinois State Water Survey Midwestern Climate Center Midwestern Regional Climate Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information NCEI National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Climatic Data Center North Carolina State University University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Atmospheric Sciences 13.3b: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights Monitoring and Understanding Trends in Extreme Storms: State of Knowledge 1.3: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 37.7: Past and Projected Changes in Global Sea Level 24.2c: Observed Annual Precipitation 33.6: Past and Projected Changes in Global Sea Level 43.2: Observed Number of Extremely Hot Days 35.3: Observed Number of Warm Nights 44.3: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights 32.3: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 10.4: Observed Annual Precipitation 12.5: Observed Annual Precipitation Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment: Part 6. Climate of the Northwest U.S. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 142-6 31.4c: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation 31.3: Observed Number of Warm Nights 33.6: Observed and Projected Change in Global Sea Level 14.2a-1: Observed Spring Temperature 16.2b: Observed Summer Temperature -.1: Global Temperatures Continue to Rise 19.4: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 42.5: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 43.4a: Observed Number of Days Below Freezing 44.2: Observed Number of Extremely Hot Days 41.3a: Observed Number of Extremely Hot Days 1.2c: Observed Annual Precipitation 24.7: Projected Change in Summer Precipitation 23.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 14.3: Growing Season Lengthens 19.2: Projected Change in Number of Hot Days 19.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 83ef5674-8aa8-40fe-8c7e-4f0ac3d140d8 49.2c: Observed Number of Warm Nights 1.8: 1700 Years of Global Temperature Change from Proxy Data 25.3b: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 18.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 50.4b: Observed Number of Very Cold Days 1.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 19.3: Projected Change in Number of Warm Nights 44.4c: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events Monitoring and Understanding Changes in Heat Waves, Cold Waves, Floods, and Droughts in the United States: State of Knowledge 23.2c: Observed Number of Very Cold Days 44.6: Water Levels in the Great Salt Lake at Saltair Boat Harbor 4.4: Observed Summer Temperature 40.5: Projected Change in Annual Precipitation 33.3b: Observed Annual Precipitation climate-science-special-report chapter 1 : Our Globally Changing Climate SAP 3.1. Climate Models: An Assessment of Strengths and Limitations 14.5: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 24.8: Past and Projected Changes in Global Sea Level climate-science-special-report chapter 6 : Temperature Changes in the United States 8.2b: Observed Number of Days Below Freezing Temporal variations of extreme precipitation events in the United States: 1895–2000 44.4d: April 1 Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) at Ben Lomond Peak, UT 1.5: Observed and Projected Change in Global Sea Level 30.4: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 29.2d: Observed Summer Precipitaton 35.5: Projected Change in Spring Precipitation 43.9: Past and Projected Changes in Global Sea Level 7.3: 2-Day Precipitation Events Exceeding 5-Year Recurrence Interval 24.8: Observed and Projected Change in Global Sea Level 21.2d: Observed Summer Precipitaton 9.5: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 4.3: Increasing Numbers of Cooling Degree Days 49.2d-2: Observed Summer Precipitaton 42.4: Observed Annual Precipitation 12.4: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 28.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 44.7: Projected Change in Winter Precipitation 32.6: Past and Projected Changes in Global Sea Level 1.2a: Observed Number of Very Hot Days fe1ad9b9-3516-4623-aa66-4956ceec6891 26.4a: Observed Winter Temperature 41.3c: Observed Annual Precipitation 42.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 36.3a: Observed Number of Extremely Hot Days 12961b12-f04c-41f6-9603-cdc65291eb89 12.3: Observed Number of Warm Nights 48.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 29.6: Past and Projected Changes in Global Sea Level 27.3a: Observed Number of Extremely Hot Days a405fab3-ee62-401c-8d93-347261d9eab9 34.19: Observed and Projected U.S. Temperature Change 15.6: Projected Change in Spring Precipitation 15.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 9.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 31.2: Observed Number of Extremely Hot Days 19.5: Projected Change in Number of Consecutive Dry Days 38.4: Past and Projected Changes in Global Sea Level 30.2b: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 9.2b: Observed Number of Nights Below Freezing 23.1: Monitoring Precipitation Across the Southern Great Plains 18.5: Total Hurricane Events in Louisiana 25.6: Projected Change in Spring Precipitation 7.8: Change in the Number of Days Within Precipitation Percentile Intervals 7.2c: Observed Annual Precipitation 40.4: Past and Projected Changes in Global Sea Level 10.2b: Observed Number of Days Below Freezing 33.21: Projected Wintertime Precipitation Changes 30.2a: Observed Number of Very Hot Days 3.3: Observed Number of Extremely Warm Nights 32.8: Projected Change in Winter Precipitation 9.2a: Observed Number of Very Hot Days 6.5: Projected Changes in Key Climate Variables Affecting Agricultural Productivity 33.5: Projected Change in Annual Precipitation 34.3: Observed Number of Warm Nights 34.8: Projected Change in Winter Precipitation 30.5: Projected Change in Spring Precipitation 45.4: Observed Annual Precipitation 2.9: Projected Temperature Change by 2071-2099 (CMIP5 models) 41.5: Annual Snowfall Totals at Menno 5.3: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights 7.4: Observed Change in Heavy Precipitation 25.3d: Observed Summer Precipitaton 32.5: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 19.5: Projected Change in Winter Precipitation 44.3: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights 17.5: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 15.2c: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights 25.2b: Observed Maximum Summer Temperature 18.4: Observed Annual Precipitation 8.2a: Observed Number of Very Hot Days 50.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 37.4a: Observed Number of Days Below Freezing 50.2: Observed Number of Very Hot Days 14.2b: Observed Number of Very Hot Days How spatially coherent and statistically robust are temporal changes in extreme precipitation in the contiguous USA? 49.8: Projected Change in Spring Precipitation 24.2a: Observed Number of Extremely Hot Days 1.3: Projected Changes in Temperature and Precipitation by Mid-Century Recent increases in U.S. heavy precipitation associated with tropical cyclones climate-science-special-report chapter 7 : Precipitation Change in the United States 28.6: Lake Mead Elevation at Hoover Dam 6.2b: Observed Summer Temperature 43.8: Projected Change in Annual Precipitation 49.2a-1: Observed Winter Temperature 33.3d: Total Hurricane Events in North Carolina 46.3: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 19.15: Projected Changes in Plant Hardiness Zones 3.5: Observed Monsoon Season Precipitation 21.4: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 13.2b: Observed Summer Temperature fbad1b23-b576-4996-a75a-3fe2a1c8dde9 7.2b: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events nca4 chapter 21 : Midwest 39.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 27.2a: Observed Winter Temperature 32.2a-1: Observed Winter Temperature A5.14: Temperature Change Varies by Region 1.2d: Total Hurricane Events in Alabama 35.2c: Observed Annual Precipitation nca4 chapter A3 : Appendix 3: Data Tools and Scenario Products 1.16: Projected Change in Very Hot Days by 2100 in Phoenix, Arizona 29.2b: Observed Number of Warm Nights 33.20: Projected Annually-Averaged Temperature C hange 2.7: Observed U.S. Temperature Change 18.2d: Observed Fall Precipitation 4.5: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 13.3c: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 32.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 18.2d: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 17.5: Projected Change in Number of Nights Below 32°F 21.2c: Observed Annual Precipitation 36.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change Probable maximum precipitation and climate change 22.2c: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 17.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 43.4b: Observed Annual Precipitation 4.3: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights 24.2d: Observed Summer Precipitaton 2.5: Observed and Projected Change in Seasonal Precipitation 6.5c-2: Observed Spring Precipitation 35.2b: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights nca4 chapter 2 : Our Changing Climate 22.4: Annual Lake-Wide Average Water Levels for Lake Michigan-Huron 14.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 41.2a: Observed Winter Temperature 15.2b: Observed Number of Very Hot Days 34.5: Observed Annual Precipitation 34.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 16.3c: Observed Annual Precipitation 10.4: Changes in Length of Growing Season Seasonal and regional variations in extreme precipitation event frequency using CMIP5 11.9: Past and Projected Changes in Global Sea Level 17.2d: Observed Summer Precipitaton 36.3b: Observed Number of Extremely Warm Nights 39.3a: Observed Number of Warm Nights 38.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 44.4b: Observed Annual Precipitation 25.2a: Observed Summer Temperature 1.2b: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights 20.4: Projected Precipitation Change for Puerto Rico 1.2: Global Land and Ocean Temperature Anamolies A5.18: Short-Term Variability Versus Long-Term Trend 41.4: Observed Number of Very Cold Days 16.3d-2: Observed Summer Precipitaton 11.3: Projected Change in Number of Days with Heavy Precipitation 42.2: Observed Number of Extremely Hot Days 12.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 9.3: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights 21.5: Projected Change in Spring Precipitation 2.14: Projected Precipitation Change by Season 37.5: End of Season Snow Water Equivalent Depth at Mt. Hood 1.3: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 2.4: Emissions Levels Determine Temperature Rises 21.3: Observed Number of Warm Nights 16.3a: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights 29.4: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events -.1: Scenarios of Future Temperature Rise 24.4: Observed Summer Temperature 34.4: Observed Number of Very Cold Days 13.8: Projected Change in Spring Precipitation 33.2a: Observed Summer Temperature 24.3: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights 3.2a: Observed Number of Extremely Hot Days 25.9: Projected Shift in Agricultural Zones 2.11: Projected Changes in Frost-Free Season Length 5bd64870-4e8e-45cb-9b2c-83c52f5af397 48.4: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 29.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 48.6: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 2.4: Observed and Projected Changes in Annual Average Temperature 19.6: Past and Projected Changes in Global Sea Level 46.4: Observed Summer Temperature 48.2: Observed Number of Very Hot Days 49.2d-1: Observed Winter Precipitation 50.6: Projected Change in Spring Precipitation 8.1: Projected Change in Soil Moisture, End of Century, Higher Emissions 39.3c: Observed Annual Precipitation 34.6: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 23.6: Projected Change in Spring Precipitation 7.4: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 1.9: Proxy Temperature Reconstructions 3.2b-2: Observed Minimum Summer Temperature 12.6: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 18.2a: Observed Number of Very Hot Days nca3 chapter 2 : Our Changing Climate A5.10: Observed and Projected Changes in Global Temperature 33.2a: Observed Winter Temperature 31.4b: Observed Annual Precipitation 3.2b-1: Observed Maximum Summer Temperature 27.3b: Observed Number or Warm Nights 32.2c: Observed Number of Warm Nights 38.2a: Observed Number of Hot Days 44.7: Projected Change in Winter Precipitation 30.3: Observed Number of Warm Nights 31.4a: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 39.2: Observed Number of Hot Days 19.3: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 11.2: Projected Change in the Number of Very Hot Days Trends in Twentieth-Century U.S. Extreme Snowfall Seasons 13.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 6.4: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 31.5: Storage Levels in the Elephant Butte Reservoir usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016 chapter 1 : Climate Change and Human Health 46.2c: Observed Annual Precipitation 2.6: Observed and Projected Change in Heavy Precipitation 20.7: Past and Projected Changes in Global Sea Level 4.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change nca4 chapter A5 : Appendix 5: Frequently Asked Questions Climate Science Special Report: The Fourth National Climate Assessment: Volume I 32.2d: Observed Annual Precipitation CMIP5 Climate Model Analyses: Climate Extremes in the United States 10.3: Texas Summer 2011: Record Heat and Drought 42.7: Projected Change in Spring Precipitation 49.2b: Observed Number of Very Hot Days 6.5a: Observed Number of Warm Nights 25.5: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 41.3d: Observed Summer Precipitaton 25.3a: Observed Number of Extremely Hot Days 31.5: Storage Levels in Elephant Butte Reservoir 18.5: Total Hurricane Events in Louisiana 37.2: Observed Number of Extremely Hot Days 4f071049-4952-4e2b-ac40-9942a7752382 18.2b: Observed Number of Days Below Freezing 35.2a: Observed Number of Very Hot Days Observational- and model-based trends and projections of extreme precipitation over the contiguous United States 15.4: Observed Annual Precipitation 45.2b: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights A preliminary synthesis of modeled climate change impacts on U.S. regional ozone concentrations 1.5: Past and Projected Changes in Global Sea Level 39.3d: Observed Summer Precipitaton 44.6: Annual Average Water Levels in the Great Salt Lake at Saltair Boat Harbor 16.2a: Observed Spring Temperature 43.4c: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 24.7: Projected Change in Summer Precipitation 25.4: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights 28.3: Observed Number of Warm Nights 50.3: Observed Number of Warm Nights climate-science-special-report chapter 9 : Extreme Storms 39.3b: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 21.7: Past and Projected Changes in Global Sea Level 19.2a-2: Observed Summer Temperature 18.4: Observed Annual Precipitation 8.6: Past and Projected Changes in Global Sea Level 6.5b: Observed Annual Precipitation A5.20: Extreme Temperature and Precipitation Events 20.2d: Observed Annual Precipitation 31.6: Projected Change in Spring Precipitation Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment: Part 4. Climate of the U.S. Great Plains. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 142-4 7.7: Past and Projected Changes in Global Sea Level 25.10: Projected Increases in Extreme Heat 4.6: Projected Change in Winter Precipitation 18.2c: Observed Spring Precipitation 7.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 24.5: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 45.2d: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 1.3: Projected Changes in U.S. Annual Average Temperatures 21.3: Drying Effect of Warmer Air on Plants and Soils 20.3: Observed and Projected Temperature Change for Puerto Rico 46.6: Projected Change in Annual Precipitation 10.2a: Observed Number of Extremely Hot Days Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment: Part 5. Climate of the Midwest U.S. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 142-5 24.2d: Observed Summer Precipitation 4.2d: Observed Summer Precipitaton 18.3: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights 4.4: Projected Changes in Seasonal Precipitation a7c5f0aa-db53-4965-bd56-88e8f7a87a89 climate-science-special-report chapter 8 : Droughts, Floods, and Wildfires 5.8: Projected Change in Winter Precipitation 12.8: Projected Change in Spring Precipitation A framework for examining climate-driven changes to the seasonality and geographical range of coastal pathogens and harmful algae 31.2: Observed Number of Extremely Hot Days 22.2: Projected Changes in Very Hot Days, Cool Days, and Heavy Precipitation 26.2a: Observed Number of Very Hot Days Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment: Part 1. Climate of the Northeast U.S. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 142-1 51.8: Projected Change in Annual Precipitation 40.2b: Observed Number of Days Below Freezing 43.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 38.3: Observed Number of Warm Nights 18.2: Projected Mid-Century Temperature Changes in the Midwest 10.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 48.3: Observed Number of Warm Nights 991826ea-5f98-45f2-827e-8fdfc48d07fb 36.3d: Observed Summer Precipitaton 32.2b: Observed Number of Very Hot Days 26.4b: Observed Summer Temperature 10.5: Projected Change in Annual Precipitation 31.4b: Observed Annual Precipitation Monitoring and Understanding Changes in Extremes: Extratropical Storms, Winds, and Waves 6.5c-1: Observed Fall Precipitation 14.2c: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights 27.3c: Observed Annual Precipitation 49.2a-2: Observed Summer Temperature 3.6: Arizona Palmer Drought Severity Index 23.4: Projected Increase in Number of Days Above 100°F 22.2b: Observed Number of Warm Nights 50.4a-2: Observed Summer Temperature 27.4: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 6.6: End of Season Snow Water Equivalent Depth at Tower cfafefc7-f04f-4cb3-8e7e-2978c92e2ae4 45.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 33.3c: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 37.4c: Observed Annual Precipitation 44.5: Utah Palmer Drought Severity Index 21.2a: Observed Number of Hot Days 35.2d: Observed Winter Precipitation 24.5: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events Indicator: Heavy Precipitation 32.2a-2: Observed Summer Temperature 37.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change Synthesis of public water supply use in the United States: Spatio-temporal patterns and socio-economic controls 16.3b: Observed Number of Extremely Hot Days 29.3: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 25.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change -.3: Sensitivity Analysis of Differences in Modeling Approaches 6.5d: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: The Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II 14.2d-2: Observed Summer Precipitaton usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016 Appendix 1: Technical Support Document 19.2a-1: Observed Winter Temperature Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment: Part 7. Climate of Alaska. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 142-7 22.5: Projected Change in Winter Precipitation 2.8: Projected Change in Annual Precipitation 40.2c: Observed Annual Precipitation 9.6: Projected Change in Summer Precipitation 5.2a: Observed Number of Extremely Hot Days 9.2d: Total Hurricane Events in Florida, 1900-2013 27.5: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 10.6: Past and Projected Changes in Global Sea Level 13.2a: Observed Spring Temperature 35.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 18.2e: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 20.2c: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 7.7: Projected Change in Daily, 20-year Extreme Precipitation 2.8: Projected Temperature Change 26.5: End of Season Snow Water Equivalent Depth at Noisy Basin 38.6: Projected Change in Winter Precipitation 33.5: Projected Change in Annual Precipitation 44.4b: Observed Annual Precipitation 6.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 1.2c: Observed Annual Precipitation 31.7: New Mexico Palmer Drought Severity Index 36.6: Oklahoma Palmer Drought Severity Index 31.6: Projected Change in Spring Precipitation 15.2d: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 24.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 49.3: Observed Number of Very Cold Days 18.8: Observed and Projected Change in Global Sea Level U.S. temperature and drought: Recent anomalies and trends 20.2a: Observed Number of Very Hot Days 21.2b: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 22.3: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 11.8: Projected Change in Annual Precipitation 4.2b: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 19.2b: Observed Number of Hot Days 27.6: Projected Change in Winter Precipitation 24.4: Observed Summer Temperature 8.3: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights 28.9: Projected Change in Annual Precipitation Meteorological Causes of the Secular Variations in Observed Extreme Precipitation Events for the Conterminous United States 16.5: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 20.2b: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights 30.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 28.5: Nevada Palmer Drought Severity Index Global land surface extremes of precipitation: Data limitations and trends 1.4: Projected Global Temperatures 39.7: Past and Projected Changes in Global Sea Level 25.2c: Observed Minimum Summer Temperature 19.3: Historical Change in Heavy Precipitation 6dafc8d5-9e40-4dd6-a63d-d456ec61a551 beed84d6-d0f9-4c33-a8d3-808ed6eb6e3b 8.4: Projected Change in Annual Precipitation 10.3: Observed and Projected Changes in Frost-Free Season 23.2b: Observed Number of Warm Nights 18.8: Past and Projected Changes in Global Sea Level 14.2a-2: Observed Summer Temperature 29.5: Projected Change in Winter Precipitation 19.2c: Observed Annual Precipitation 6.8: Colorado Palmer Drought Severity Index 45.2c-a: Observed Summer Temperature 13.4a: Observed Spring Precipitation 28.2: Observed Number of Very Hot Days 26.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 1.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 42.6: Observed Summer Precipitaton 7.2d: Observed Summer Precipitaton 17.2a: Observed Number of Extremely Hot Days 39.5: Projected Change in Annual Precipitation 37.3: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 44.4c: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 33.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 13.5: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 27.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 44.5: Utah Palmer Drought Severity Index 19.2: Historical Change in Freeze-Free Season Length 35.3: Observed Number of Warm Nights 24.3: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights 1.2d: Total Hurricane Events in Alabama, 1900-2013 5.6: Storage Levels in the Shasta Dam Reservoir 24.2b: Observed Number of Days Below Freezing 24.2b: Observed Number of Days Below Freezing 1.4: Projected Changes in Hottest/Coldest and Wettest/Driest Day of the Year 33.3b: Observed Annual Precipitation 21.10: Historical and Projected Annual Number of Days Above 100°F for Chicago Detection and attribution of climate extremes in the observed record 006264b2-8594-4e09-9430-a1d0cc056ff7 44.4d: April 1 Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) at Ben Lomond Peak, UT 1.2: Change in Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 14.2d-1: Observed Spring Precipitaton 35.2c: Observed Annual Precipitation 34.2: Observed Number of Very Hot Days 21.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 36.3c: Observed Annual Precipitation 46.2a: Observed Number of Very Hot Days 17.2b-1: Observed Winter Temperature climate-science-special-report chapter 15 : Potential Surprises: Compound Extremes and Tipping Elements 41.7: Projected Change in Winter Precipitation 33.3a: Observed Number of Very Hot Days 48.5: Observed Annual Precipitation 31.4d: Observed Monsoon Season Precipitation 2.17: Observed Change in Very Heavy Precipitation 15.2a: Observed Summer Temperature 41.6: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 35.2b: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 37.4b: Observed Number of Warm Nights 41.2b: Observed Summer Temperature 42.3: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights 6.3: Observed Number of Very Hot Days 35.2e: Observed Summer Precipitation 16.7: Projected Change in Summer Precipitation 15.3b: Observed Summer Precipitaton 3.7: Lake Mead Water Level at Hoover Dam 23.4: Observed Annual Precipitation 5.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 50.4a-1: Observed Winter Temperature 22.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 34.12: Measurements of Surface Temperature and Sun’s Energy 25.3c: Observed Annual Precipitation 19.5: Projected Number of Warm Nights 50.4c: Observed Annual Precipitation The Nature and Impacts of the July 1999 Heat Wave in the Midwestern United States: Learning from the Lessons of 1995 49.7: Annual Lake-Wide Average Water Levels for Lake Michigan-Huron 18.2c-2: Observed Fall Precipitation 17.2c: Observed Annual Precipitation nca3 chapter 29 : Research Needs for Climate and Global Change Assessments 47.2c: Observed Annual Precipitation 7.6: Future Projection of Regional Extreme Precipitation of 2-Day Duration and 5 Year Return 2d6fb90b-7d3d-4fce-8f63-36459f80d366 10.2c: Observed Summer Precipitation c6e6a4b8-840f-4d4c-9487-9699fb94dd31 Changes in weather and climate extremes: State of knowledge relevant to air and water quality in the United States 8.2c: Observed Annual Precipitation Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment: Part 2. Climate of the Southeast U.S. NOAA Technical Report 142-2 1.2a: Observed Number of Very Hot Days 16.6: Kansas Palmer Drought Severity Index 3.2c: Observed Annual Precipitation 14.3: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 26.2d: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 2.10: Observed Increase in Frost-Free Season Length 22.3: Hydrologic Changes Across the Northern Great Plains 35.5: Projected Change in Spring Precipitation 45.5: Projected Change in Winter Precipitation 15.3a: Observed Spring Precipitation 50.4d: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 20.4: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 44.4a: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 2.13: Annual Maximum Precipitation and Changes in Consecutive Dry Days 40.2d: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 35.2d-1: Observed Winter Precipitation 44.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 43.6: Texas Palmer Drought Severity Index 30.2c: Observed Annual Precipitation 41.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 18.7: Ice Cover in the Great Lakes Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment: Part 3. Climate of the Midwest U.S. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 142-3 1.2b: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights 26.3: Observed Number of Very Cold Days 3.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 27.3d: Observed Summer Precipitaton 18.2a: Observed Number of Very Hot Days 14.6: Annual Lake-Wide Average Water Levels for Lake Michigan-Huron 17.2b-2: Observed Summer Temperature 26fc56f4-b4e0-425b-adc8-14c6d961d558 17.4: Projected Change in Number of Days Over 95°F A surface energy budget view of the 1988 midwestern United States drought 16.4: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 36.5: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 834f7624-40de-4a09-9ced-faaca30d4d6d 20.5: Projected Change in Annual Precipitation 36.4: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 23.2a: Observed Number of Hot Days 13.4b: Observed Summer Precipitaton 43.3: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights Trends and extremes in Northern Hemisphere snow characteristics 14.4: Observed Annual Precipitation 33.2b: Observed Winter Temperature 47.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 31.7: New Mexico Palmer Drought Severity Index 34.23: Emissions Levels Determine Temperature Rises 49.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 25.1: Temperature Has Increased Across the Southwest 13.3d: Observed Annual Precipitation 10.3: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights 31.4d: Observed Monsoon Season Precipitation 35.2a: Observed Number of Very Hot Days 38.2d: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 40.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 22.2d: Observed Annual Precipitation 46.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 33.4: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights 33.3d: Total Hurricane Events in North Carolina 7447d9e8-b0d8-4009-af97-fce115235283 Temporal variations in frost-free season in the United States: 1895–2000 33.2b: Observed Summer Temperature 18.6: When it Rains, it Pours 38.2c: Observed Annual Precipitation 16.3d-1: Observed Spring Precipitation 35.4: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events -.6: Extreme Precipitation Has Increased Across Much of the United States 3.4: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 2.27: Ice Cover in the Great Lakes 44.2: Observed Number of Extremely Hot Days 37.4d: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 46.2d: Observed Summer Precipitaton 17.3: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 4.2c: Observed Annual Precipitation 33.4: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights 46.7: Past and Projected Changes in Global Sea Level 1.4: Projected Change in Spring Precipitation 3.2d: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 19.22: Projected Changes in Cooling Degree Days 31.4c: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 41.3b: Observed Number or Warm Nights 48.7: Projected Change in Annual Precipitation 16.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change A5.11: Comparison of Climate Models and Observed Temperature Change 19.4: Historical Number of Warm Nights 27.2b: Observed Summer Temperature 7.3: Observed Number of Warm Nights 43e4c69f-2e48-4edc-ad0b-c0508a35f6d7 45.2c-b: Observed Winter Temperature 5.2b: Observed Annual Precipitation The response of Great Lakes water levels to future climate scenarios with an emphasis on Lake Michigan-Huron 5.9: Past and Projected Changes in Global Sea Level 7.2a: Observed Number of Hot Days 7.5: Projected Change in Spring Precipitation 13.6: Annual Lake-Wide Average Water Levels for Lake Michigan-Huron 20.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 36.2: Observed Summer Temperature Can CGCMs Simulate the Twentieth-Century “Warming Hole” in the Central United States? 15.5: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 1.4: Projected Change in Spring Precipitation 6.7: Projected Change in Winter Precipitation 26.2b: Observed Number of Warm Nights 18.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 2.5: Projected Change in Average Annual Temperature 17.6: Projected Change in Spring Precipitation 28.4: Observed Annual Precipitation 18.3: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights 22cf98ca-20af-4fc0-ba4d-ef7234aa5be5 Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment: Part 9. Climate of the Contiguous United States. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 142-9 30.2d: Observed Summer Precipitaton 8.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 22.2a: Observed Number of Hot Days 19.1: Historical Changes in Hot Days and Warm Nights nca4 chapter 19 : Southeast 34.9: Decade-Scale Changes in Average Temperature for U.S. Regions 1a061197-95cf-47bd-9db4-f661c711a174 Trends in Twentieth-Century U.S. Snowfall Using a Quality-Controlled Dataset 36.7: Projected Change in Summer Precipitation 49.4: Ice Cover on Lake Mendota 37.6: Projected Change in Winter Precipitation 4.2a: Observed Number of Extremely Hot Days 2.15: Newer Simulations for Projected Precipitation Change (CMIP5 models) 45.3: Observed Number of Warm Nights 35.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 29.2a: Observed Number of Hot Days 6.2a: Observed Spring Temperature 38.2b: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 35.4: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events Regional Surface Climate Conditions in CMIP3 and CMIP5 for the United States: Differences, Similarities, and Implications for the U.S. National Climate Assessment 6.7: Projected Changes in Annual Average Temperatures 18.2c-1: Observed Spring Precipitation 8.2d: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 47.5: Past and Projected Changes in Global Sea Level 13.3a: Observed Number of Very Hot Days 31.4a: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 46.2b: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights 18.7: Projected Change in Summer Precipitation 18.2b: Observed Number of Days Below Freezing 33.3c: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 2.6: Projected Change in Average Annual Precipitation c8484765-3d50-48dc-a2e3-09cb56610265 45.2a: Observed Number of Hot Days A new look at lake-effect snowfall trends in the Laurentian Great Lakes using a temporally homogeneous data set 26.2c: Observed Annual Precipitation 24.2c: Observed Annual Precipitation 12.2: Observed Number of Very Hot Days 14.7: Projected Change in Spring Precipitation Effects of ocean warming on growth and distribution of dinoflagellates associated with ciguatera fish poisoning in the Caribbean 5.2d: Observed Winter Precipitation 47.7: Projected Change in Winter Precipitation 33.22: Projected Summertime Precipitation Changes 50.5: End of Season Snow Water Equivalent Depth at Lewis Lake Divide 39.4: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights 46.5: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 23.2d: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 10.2d: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment: Part 8. Climate of the Pacific Islands. U.S. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 142-8 nca3 chapter 34 : Appendix 4: Frequently Asked Questions 31.1: Observed and Projected Temperature Change 18.7: Projected Change in Summer Precipitation -.4: Significantly More Warming Occurs Under Higher Greenhouse Gas Concentration Scenarios 5.7: California Palmer Drought Severity Index 19.4: Projected Change in Number of Heavy Precipitation Days The seasonal nature of extreme hydrological events in the northeastern United States 9.2c: Observed Annual Precipitation 49.6: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 30.7: Past and Projected Changes in Global Sea Level 3.8: Projected Change in Spring Precipitation 5.2c: Observed Number of Extreme Precipitation Events 49.5: Observed Annual Precipitation 31.3: Observed Number of Warm Nights 2.2: Global Temperature and Carbon Dioxide nca3 chapter 33 : Appendix 3: Climate Science Supplement 35.2d-2: Observed Summer Precipitation 44.4a: Observed Number of Very Cold Nights Reply to “Comments on ‘Monitoring and understanding trends in extreme storms: State of knowledge’” 29.2c: Observed Annual Precipitation 17.4: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights 40.2a: Observed Number of Extremely Hot Days 26.6: Projected Change in Spring Precipitation 40.3: Observed Number of Very Warm Nights
Howard Kunreuther National Bureau of Economic Research University of Pennsylvania Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania Wharton Risk Management and Decision Processes Center Wharton School of Business Department of Operations and Information Management A Methodological Approach for Pricing Flood Insurance and Evaluating Loss Reduction Measures: Application to Texas, Wharton Risk Management Center and CoreLogic, Philadelphia, PA and Santa Ana, CA nca3 chapter 26 : Decision Support: Connecting Science, Risk Perception, and Decisions Risk management and climate change Catastrophe Modeling: A New Ap... Climate Change, Insurability of Large-Scale Disasters and the Emerging Liability Challenge. NBER Working Paper 12821 Risk Analysis and Risk Management in an Uncertain World Redesigning Flood Insurance Risk, Media and Stigma: Unders... Decision Processes for Low Probability Events: Policy Implications Making America more resilient toward natural disasters: A call for action At War with the Weather: Manag... At War with the Weather: Manag...
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