---
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'UN-Habitat,'
    Institution: 'United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) '
    Notes: 'ISBN:  978-92-1-132708-3 '
    Pages: 247
    Place Published: 'Nairobi, Kenya'
    Series Volume: HS/038/16E
    Title: 'Urbanization and Development: Emerging Futures. World Cities report 2016'
    URL: http://wcr.unhabitat.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2016/05/WCR-%20Full-Report-2016.pdf
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 23182
    _uuid: f1f67e52-3ceb-47c9-8961-a6640d15a618
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/urbanization-development-emerging-futures-world-cities-report-2016
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f1f67e52-3ceb-47c9-8961-a6640d15a618.yaml
  identifier: f1f67e52-3ceb-47c9-8961-a6640d15a618
  uri: /reference/f1f67e52-3ceb-47c9-8961-a6640d15a618
- attrs:
    Author: 'Sharpley, Andrew'
    DOI: '10.1590/0103-9016-2015-0107  '
    ISSN: 0103-9016
    Journal: Scientia Agricola
    Pages: 1-8
    Title: Managing agricultural phosphorus to minimize water quality impacts
    Volume: 73
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 23577
    _uuid: f1f7eed1-45e4-4257-a919-393ddd609c73
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1590/0103-9016-2015-0107%20%20
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f1f7eed1-45e4-4257-a919-393ddd609c73.yaml
  identifier: f1f7eed1-45e4-4257-a919-393ddd609c73
  uri: /reference/f1f7eed1-45e4-4257-a919-393ddd609c73
- attrs:
    Accession Number: 26228147
    Author: 'Anderegg, W. R.; Schwalm, C.; Biondi, F.; Camarero, J. J.; Koch, G.; Litvak, M.; Ogle, K.; Shaw, J. D.; Shevliakova, E.; Williams, A. P.; Wolf, A.; Ziaco, E.; Pacala, S.'
    Author Address: "Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.\rCenter for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA. School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA.\rDendroLab and Graduate Program of Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA.\rInstituto Pirenaico de Ecologia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Avda. Montanana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain.\rCenter for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA.\rDepartment of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.\rSchool of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA.\rRocky Mountain Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, Ogden, UT 84401, USA.\rNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.\rLamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA.\rDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA."
    DOI: 10.1126/science.aab1833
    Date: Jul 31
    ISSN: "1095-9203 (Electronic)\r0036-8075 (Linking)"
    Issue: 6247
    Journal: Science
    Keywords: '*Carbon Cycle; *Climate Change; *Droughts; Europe; *Forests; Models, Theoretical; Trees/*growth & development; United States'
    Pages: 528-32
    Title: Pervasive Drought Legacies in Forest Ecosystems and Their Implications For Carbon Cycle Models
    Volume: 349
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 1543
    _uuid: f1f887ad-78bc-43fe-a13e-64c56bbae40d
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.aab1833
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f1f887ad-78bc-43fe-a13e-64c56bbae40d.yaml
  identifier: f1f887ad-78bc-43fe-a13e-64c56bbae40d
  uri: /reference/f1f887ad-78bc-43fe-a13e-64c56bbae40d
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Mastrandrea, Michael D.; Christopher B. Field; Thomas F. Stocker; Ottmar Edenhofer; Kristie L. Ebi; David J. Frame; Hermann Held; Elmar Kriegler; Katharine J. Mach; Patrick R. Matschoss; Gian-Kasper Plattner; Gary W. Yohe; Francis W. Zwiers'
    Institution: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
    Pages: 7
    Title: Guidance Note for Lead Authors of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report on Consistent Treatment of Uncertainties
    URL: https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/supporting-material/uncertainty-guidance-note.pdf
    Year: 2010
    _record_number: 23653
    _uuid: f1fabe4b-f3c2-4361-9496-dba28feefd7d
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/guidance-note-lead-authors-ipcc-fifth-assessment-report-on-consistent-treatment-uncertainties
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f1fabe4b-f3c2-4361-9496-dba28feefd7d.yaml
  identifier: f1fabe4b-f3c2-4361-9496-dba28feefd7d
  uri: /reference/f1fabe4b-f3c2-4361-9496-dba28feefd7d
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Edison Electric Institute,'
    Institution: The Edison Foundation
    Title: 'Transforming America’s Power Industry: The Investment Challenge 2010-2030'
    URL: http://www.edisonfoundation.net/iei/Documents/Transforming_Americas_Power_Industry.pdf
    Year: 2008
    _record_number: 345
    _uuid: f1ff5716-aea8-4f79-b34b-1aebcb7c23d5
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/transforming-americas-power-industry-investment-challenge-2010-2030
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f1ff5716-aea8-4f79-b34b-1aebcb7c23d5.yaml
  identifier: f1ff5716-aea8-4f79-b34b-1aebcb7c23d5
  uri: /reference/f1ff5716-aea8-4f79-b34b-1aebcb7c23d5
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Yonetani, Michelle; Lorelle Yuen; Wan Sophonpanich; Mariano Navaee; Mark Maulit; Phyo Kyaw'
    Institution: Government of the Philippines’ Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD); International Organization for Migration (IOM); Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC); SAS
    Pages: 47
    Title: 'The Evolving Picture Of Displacement In The Wake Of Typhoon Haiyan: An Evidence-based Overview'
    URL: https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/The-Evolving-Picture-of-Displacement-in-the-Wake-of-Typhoon-Haiyan.pdf
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 22032
    _uuid: f20a2be0-9761-43c3-acfd-6edc57b3df71
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/evolving-picture-displacement-wake-typhoon-haiyan-an-evidence-based-overview
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f20a2be0-9761-43c3-acfd-6edc57b3df71.yaml
  identifier: f20a2be0-9761-43c3-acfd-6edc57b3df71
  uri: /reference/f20a2be0-9761-43c3-acfd-6edc57b3df71
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'ECCC,'
    Institution: Environment and Climate Change Canada
    Title: Progress Towards Canada’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Target
    URL: https://www.ec.gc.ca/indicateurs-indicators/CCED3397-174A-4F0E-8258-91DCFE295B34/ProgressTowardsCanadaGHGEmissionsTarget_EN.pdf
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 557
    _uuid: f20cdb9c-63fe-4dd1-b1d9-89cd94b3e727
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f20cdb9c-63fe-4dd1-b1d9-89cd94b3e727.yaml
  identifier: f20cdb9c-63fe-4dd1-b1d9-89cd94b3e727
  uri: /reference/f20cdb9c-63fe-4dd1-b1d9-89cd94b3e727
- attrs:
    Author: 'Chretien, Jean-Paul; Assaf Anyamba; Jennifer Small; Seth Britch; Jose L. Sanchez; Alaina C. Halbach; Compton Tucker; Kenneth J. Linthicum'
    DOI: 10.1371/currents.outbreaks.95fbc4a8fb4695e049baabfc2fc8289f
    Journal: PLOS Currents Outbreaks
    Pages: Edition 1
    Title: 'Global climate anomalies and potential infectious disease risks: 2014-2015'
    Volume: 2015
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 24133
    _uuid: f22294d5-f052-4908-9eb7-4d8cdbe0c5b9
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1371/currents.outbreaks.95fbc4a8fb4695e049baabfc2fc8289f
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f22294d5-f052-4908-9eb7-4d8cdbe0c5b9.yaml
  identifier: f22294d5-f052-4908-9eb7-4d8cdbe0c5b9
  uri: /reference/f22294d5-f052-4908-9eb7-4d8cdbe0c5b9
- attrs:
    Accession Number: 19666624
    Author: 'Dore, J. E.; Lukas, R.; Sadler, D. W.; Church, M. J.; Karl, D. M.'
    Author Address: 'Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. jdore@montana.edu'
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0906044106
    Date: Jul 28
    ISSN: "1091-6490 (Electronic)\r0027-8424 (Linking)"
    Issue: 30
    Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA
    Keywords: Carbon Dioxide/*chemistry/metabolism; Carbonic Acid/*chemistry; Conservation of Natural Resources/methods/trends; Ecosystem; Hawaii; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Marine Biology; Pacific Ocean; Seawater/*chemistry; Temperature; Time Factors
    PMCID: PMC2716384
    Pages: 12235-40
    Title: Physical and Biogeochemical Modulation of Ocean Acidification in the Central North Pacific
    Volume: 106
    Year: 2009
    _record_number: 3240
    _uuid: f22735c2-4f0e-4f6a-8775-b8d35a820515
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f22735c2-4f0e-4f6a-8775-b8d35a820515.yaml
  identifier: f22735c2-4f0e-4f6a-8775-b8d35a820515
  uri: /reference/f22735c2-4f0e-4f6a-8775-b8d35a820515
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando'
    DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    Issue: 12
    Journal: Viruses
    Pages: 2559-2586
    Title: Hantaviruses in the Americas and their role as emerging pathogens
    Volume: 2
    Year: 2010
    _chapter: Ch7
    _record_number: 16308
    _uuid: f22cab41-537e-4eee-b11f-088052a7928e
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.3390/v2122559
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f22cab41-537e-4eee-b11f-088052a7928e.yaml
  identifier: f22cab41-537e-4eee-b11f-088052a7928e
  uri: /reference/f22cab41-537e-4eee-b11f-088052a7928e
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 9
    Editor: 'Field, Michael E.; Cochran, Susan A.; Logan, Joshua B.; Storlazzi, Curt D.'
    ISBN: 97814113228821411322886
    Number of Pages: 180
    Place Published: 'Reston, VA'
    Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
    Series Volume: USGS Scientific Investigation Report 2007-5101
    Title: 'The Coral Reef of South Moloka`i, Hawai`i; Portrait of a Sediment-Threatened Fringing Reef'
    URL: https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5101/
    Year: 2008
    _record_number: 22422
    _uuid: f22f00d3-1456-4fef-b286-a4af1494bb93
    reftype: Edited Book
  child_publication: /book/coral-reef-south-molokai-hawaii-portrait-sediment-threatened-fringing-reef
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f22f00d3-1456-4fef-b286-a4af1494bb93.yaml
  identifier: f22f00d3-1456-4fef-b286-a4af1494bb93
  uri: /reference/f22f00d3-1456-4fef-b286-a4af1494bb93
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'CISA,'
    Institution: Carolinas Integrated Sciences & Assessments (CISA)
    Pages: 4
    Place Published: 'Columbia, SC'
    Title: The South Carolina Floods of October 2015
    URL: http://www.cisa.sc.edu/PDFs/October%202015%20Flood%20Event%204%20Pager.pdf
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 24439
    _uuid: f22f455b-1750-4917-8e88-fc09dc5fa6fb
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/south-carolina-floods-october-2015
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f22f455b-1750-4917-8e88-fc09dc5fa6fb.yaml
  identifier: f22f455b-1750-4917-8e88-fc09dc5fa6fb
  uri: /reference/f22f455b-1750-4917-8e88-fc09dc5fa6fb
- attrs:
    Author: 'Upton, John'
    Place Published: 'Princeton, NJ'
    Publisher: Climate Central
    Title of Entry: 'Breathing fire: Health is a causality of California’s climate-fueled blazes'
    Title of WebLog: Climate Central News
    URL: http://www.climatecentral.org/news/breathing-fire-california-air-quality-smoke-waves-21754
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 26130
    _uuid: f232d318-5e00-4b72-a71b-4ee91004e421
    reftype: Blog
  child_publication: /webpage/8c00249d-3e2a-414d-96b1-d42d013cf56d
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f232d318-5e00-4b72-a71b-4ee91004e421.yaml
  identifier: f232d318-5e00-4b72-a71b-4ee91004e421
  uri: /reference/f232d318-5e00-4b72-a71b-4ee91004e421
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Gedan, K.B.\rSilliman, B.R.\rBertness, M.D."
    DOI: 10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163930
    ISSN: 1941-1405
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Annual Review of Marine Science
    Pages: 117-141
    Title: Centuries of human-driven change in salt marsh ecosystems
    Volume: 1
    Year: 2009
    _chapter: '["Ch. 25: Coastal Zone FINAL","Ch. 16: Northeast FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 194
    _uuid: f235a577-2e08-47eb-9ee2-3cc5dbbc234b
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163930
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f235a577-2e08-47eb-9ee2-3cc5dbbc234b.yaml
  identifier: f235a577-2e08-47eb-9ee2-3cc5dbbc234b
  uri: /reference/f235a577-2e08-47eb-9ee2-3cc5dbbc234b
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'NOAA Fisheries,'
    Institution: 'NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA Fisheries)'
    Pages: 235
    Place Published: 'Silver Spring, MD'
    Series Volume: NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-F/SPO-163
    Title: 'Fisheries Economics of the United States, 2014'
    URL: https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/economics/publications/feus/fisheries_economics_2014/index
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 24883
    _uuid: f239e3b0-3a5a-4293-b54f-6027083dd6c4
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/fisheries-economics-united-states-2014
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f239e3b0-3a5a-4293-b54f-6027083dd6c4.yaml
  identifier: f239e3b0-3a5a-4293-b54f-6027083dd6c4
  uri: /reference/f239e3b0-3a5a-4293-b54f-6027083dd6c4
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Golove, W. H.; J. H. Eto'
    Institution: 'U.S. Department of Energy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory'
    Place Published: 'Berkeley, CA'
    Report Number: LBL-38059
    Title: 'Market Barriers to Energy Efficiency: A Critical Reappraisal of the Rationale for Public Policies to Promote Energy Efficiency LBL-38059'
    Year: 1996
    _record_number: 1144
    _uuid: f23b6f94-c7de-401c-a569-00f863cf0f50
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f23b6f94-c7de-401c-a569-00f863cf0f50.yaml
  identifier: f23b6f94-c7de-401c-a569-00f863cf0f50
  uri: /reference/f23b6f94-c7de-401c-a569-00f863cf0f50
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'There is increasing evidence that recent changes in climate have had an effect on lake phytoplankton communities and it has been suggested that it is likely that Cyanobacteria will increase in relative abundance under the predicted future climate. However, testing such a qualitative prediction is challenging and usually requires some form of numerical computer model. Therefore, the lake modelling literature was reviewed for studies that examined the impact of climate change upon Cyanobacteria. These studies, taken collectively, generally show an increase in relative Cyanobacteria abundance with increasing water temperature, decreased flushing rate and increased nutrient loads. Furthermore, they suggest that whilst the direct effects of climate change on the lakes can change the timing of bloom events and Cyanobacteria abundance, the amount of phytoplankton biomass produced over a year is not enhanced directly by these changes. Also, warmer waters in the spring increased nutrient consumption by the phytoplankton community which in some lakes caused nitrogen limitation later in the year to the advantage of some nitrogen-fixing Cyanobacteria. Finally, it is also possible that an increase in Cyanobacteria dominance of the phytoplankton biomass will lead to poorer energy flow to higher trophic levels due to their relatively poor edibility for zooplankton.'
    Author: 'Elliott, J. A.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.12.018
    Date: Apr 1
    ISSN: 1879-2448
    Issue: 5
    Journal: Water Research
    Keywords: 'Animals; Bacterial Toxins/toxicity; Biomass; Climate Change; Cyanobacteria/ growth & development/physiology; Eutrophication; Fresh Water/chemistry/ microbiology; Humans; Lakes/microbiology; Marine Toxins/toxicity; Microcystins/toxicity; Models, Biological; Models, Theoretical; Nitrogen Fixation; Phytoplankton'
    Language: eng
    Notes: 'Elliott, J Alex Review England Water Res. 2012 Apr 1;46(5):1364-71. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.12.018. Epub 2011 Dec 14.'
    Pages: 1364-1371
    Title: 'Is the future blue-green? A review of the current model predictions of how climate change could affect pelagic freshwater cyanobacteria'
    Volume: 46
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 4376
    _uuid: f258629c-9c62-446b-ac0a-7a320b6e0736
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.watres.2011.12.018
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f258629c-9c62-446b-ac0a-7a320b6e0736.yaml
  identifier: f258629c-9c62-446b-ac0a-7a320b6e0736
  uri: /reference/f258629c-9c62-446b-ac0a-7a320b6e0736
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Measurements made by microwave sounding instruments provide a multidecadal record of atmospheric temperature change. Measurements began in late 1978 with the launch of the first Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) and continue to the present. In 1998, the first of the follow-on series of instruments—the Advanced Microwave Sounding Units (AMSUs)—was launched. To continue the atmospheric temperature record past 2004, when measurements from the last MSU instrument degraded in quality, AMSU and MSU measurements must be intercalibrated and combined to extend the atmospheric temperature data records. Calibration methods are described for three MSU–AMSU channels that measure the temperature of thick layers of the atmosphere centered in the middle troposphere, near the tropopause, and in the lower stratosphere. Some features of the resulting datasets are briefly summarized.'
    Author: Carl A. Mears; Frank J. Wentz
    DOI: 10.1175/2008JTECHA1176.1
    Issue: 6
    Journal: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology
    Keywords: 'Remote sensing,Temperature,Microwave observations,Satellite observations'
    Pages: 1040-1056
    Title: Construction of the Remote Sensing Systems V3.2 atmospheric temperature records from the MSU and AMSU microwave sounders
    Volume: 26
    Year: 2009
    _record_number: 19438
    _uuid: f25c7b74-26e4-41c6-bebb-7bd5e7520a31
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1175/2008JTECHA1176.1
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f25c7b74-26e4-41c6-bebb-7bd5e7520a31.yaml
  identifier: f25c7b74-26e4-41c6-bebb-7bd5e7520a31
  uri: /reference/f25c7b74-26e4-41c6-bebb-7bd5e7520a31
- attrs:
    Author: 'Neubauer, Scott C.; Miller, W. David; Anderson, Iris Cofman'
    ISSN: '01718630, 16161599'
    Journal: Marine Ecology Progress Series
    Legal Note: 'Full publication date: June 26 2000'
    Pages: 13-30
    Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
    Title: 'Carbon cycling in a tidal freshwater marsh ecosystem: a carbon gas flux study'
    URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/24855926
    Volume: 199
    Year: 2000
    _record_number: 2891
    _uuid: f262d4d8-40d3-4b49-8a0c-d906364ce5da
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f262d4d8-40d3-4b49-8a0c-d906364ce5da.yaml
  identifier: f262d4d8-40d3-4b49-8a0c-d906364ce5da
  uri: /reference/f262d4d8-40d3-4b49-8a0c-d906364ce5da
- attrs:
    Author: 'Battin, Tom J.; Kaplan, Louis A.; Findlay, Stuart; Hopkinson, Charles S.; Marti, Eugenia; Packman, Aaron I.; Newbold, J. Denis; Sabater, Francesc'
    DOI: 10.1038/ngeo101
    ISSN: "1752-0894\r1752-0908"
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Nature Geoscience
    Pages: 95-100
    Title: Biophysical controls on organic carbon fluxes in fluvial networks
    Volume: 1
    Year: 2008
    _record_number: 2578
    _uuid: f263f71c-588d-4201-bdeb-0f438b92955d
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f263f71c-588d-4201-bdeb-0f438b92955d.yaml
  identifier: f263f71c-588d-4201-bdeb-0f438b92955d
  uri: /reference/f263f71c-588d-4201-bdeb-0f438b92955d
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'While internal climate variability is known to affect climate projections, its influence is often underappreciated and confused with model error. Why? In general, modeling centers contribute a small number of realizations to international climate model assessments [e.g., phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5)]. As a result, model error and internal climate variability are difficult, and at times impossible, to disentangle. In response, the Community Earth System Model (CESM) community designed the CESM Large Ensemble (CESM-LE) with the explicit goal of enabling assessment of climate change in the presence of internal climate variability. All CESM-LE simulations use a single CMIP5 model (CESM with the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5). The core simulations replay the twenty to twenty-first century (1920–2100) 30 times under historical and representative concentration pathway 8.5 external forcing with small initial condition differences. Two companion 1000+-yr-long preindustrial control simulations (fully coupled, prognostic atmosphere and land only) allow assessment of internal climate variability in the absence of climate change. Comprehensive outputs, including many daily fields, are available as single-variable time series on the Earth System Grid for anyone to use. Early results demonstrate the substantial influence of internal climate variability on twentieth- to twenty-first-century climate trajectories. Global warming hiatus decades occur, similar to those recently observed. Internal climate variability alone can produce projection spread comparable to that in CMIP5. Scientists and stakeholders can use CESM-LE outputs to help interpret the observational record, to understand projection spread and to plan for a range of possible futures influenced by both internal climate variability and forced climate change.'
    Author: J. E. Kay; C. Deser; A. Phillips; A. Mai; C. Hannay; G. Strand; J. M. Arblaster; S. C. Bates; G. Danabasoglu; J. Edwards; M. Holland; P. Kushner; J.-F. Lamarque; D. Lawrence; K. Lindsay; A. Middleton; E. Munoz; R. Neale; K. Oleson; L. Polvani; M. Vertenstein
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00255.1
    Issue: 8
    Journal: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
    Keywords: 'Atmosphere-ocean interaction,Walker circulation,Sea surface temperature,Thermocline circulation,Albedo,Paleoclimate'
    Pages: 1333-1349
    Title: 'The Community Earth System Model (CESM) large ensemble project: A community resource for studying climate change in the presence of internal climate variability'
    Volume: 96 (12)
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 19691
    _uuid: f26485f5-8786-45fe-bcd5-d6980fa32f48
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00255.1
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f26485f5-8786-45fe-bcd5-d6980fa32f48.yaml
  identifier: f26485f5-8786-45fe-bcd5-d6980fa32f48
  uri: /reference/f26485f5-8786-45fe-bcd5-d6980fa32f48
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Guan, Bin; Molotch, Noah P.; Waliser, Duane E.; Fetzer, Eric J.; Neiman, Paul J.'
    DOI: 10.1002/wrcr.20537
    Issue: 10
    Journal: Water Resources Research
    Keywords: snow water equivalent; Sierra Nevada; atmospheric rivers; Arctic Oscillation; Pacific-North American teleconnection pattern; El Niño/Southern Oscillation; 1840 Hydrometeorology; 1833 Hydroclimatology; 1616 Climate variability
    Pages: 6731-6743
    Title: "The 2010/2011 snow season in California's Sierra Nevada: Role of atmospheric rivers and modes of large-scale variability"
    Volume: 49
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 20980
    _uuid: f266e332-6ca9-43d5-a35f-206b8780aa5d
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1002/wrcr.20537
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f266e332-6ca9-43d5-a35f-206b8780aa5d.yaml
  identifier: f266e332-6ca9-43d5-a35f-206b8780aa5d
  uri: /reference/f266e332-6ca9-43d5-a35f-206b8780aa5d
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Krawchuk, M.A.\rMoritz, M.A.\rParisien, M.A.\rVan Dorn, J.\rHayhoe, K."
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005102
    ISSN: 1932-6203
    Issue: 4
    Journal: PLoS ONE
    Pages: e5102
    Title: 'Global pyrogeography: The current and future distribution of wildfire'
    URL: http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi/10.1371/journal.pone.0005102
    Volume: 4
    Year: 2009
    _chapter: '["Ch. 20: Southwest FINAL","RG 5 Southwest"]'
    _record_number: 782
    _uuid: f26bec89-45ef-4609-adfe-0c0e6f41041c
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1371/journal.pone.0005102
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f26bec89-45ef-4609-adfe-0c0e6f41041c.yaml
  identifier: f26bec89-45ef-4609-adfe-0c0e6f41041c
  uri: /reference/f26bec89-45ef-4609-adfe-0c0e6f41041c
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Qian, T.\rDai, A.\rTrenberth, K.E."
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI4262.1
    ISSN: 1520-0442
    Issue: 18
    Journal: Journal of Climate
    Pages: 4599-4614
    Title: Hydroclimatic trends in the Mississippi River basin from 1948 to 2004
    URL: http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/JCLI4262.1
    Volume: 20
    Year: 2007
    _chapter: '["Ch. 6: Agriculture FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 2560
    _uuid: f275fc55-1328-43fe-b57d-08ba9da6ae1f
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1175/JCLI4262.1
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f275fc55-1328-43fe-b57d-08ba9da6ae1f.yaml
  identifier: f275fc55-1328-43fe-b57d-08ba9da6ae1f
  uri: /reference/f275fc55-1328-43fe-b57d-08ba9da6ae1f
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: USGCRP
    Date: 2-21-2012
    Institution: U.S. Global Change Research Program
    Pages: 5
    Title: 'Guidance on Information Quality Assurance to Chapter Authors of the National Climate Assessment: Question Tools'
    URL: http://downloads.usgcrp.gov/NCA/Question-Tools---2-21-12.pdf
    Year: 2012
    _chapter: '["Appendix 2: IQA FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 4618
    _uuid: f27a8f98-facd-41ae-875d-154cab8e7a19
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/usgcrp-guidanceiqa-2012
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f27a8f98-facd-41ae-875d-154cab8e7a19.yaml
  identifier: f27a8f98-facd-41ae-875d-154cab8e7a19
  uri: /reference/f27a8f98-facd-41ae-875d-154cab8e7a19
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'The intensely active 2017 Atlantic basin hurricane season provided an opportunity to examine how climate drivers, including warming oceans and rising seas, exacerbated tropical cyclone hazards. The season also highlighted the unique vulnerabilities of populations residing on Small Island Developing States (SIDS) to the catastrophic potential of these storms. During 2017, 22 of the 29 Caribbean SIDS were affected by at least one named storm, and multiple SIDS experienced extreme damage. This paper aims to review the multiplicity of storm impacts on Caribbean SIDS throughout the 2017 season, to explicate the influences of climate drivers on storm formation and intensity, to explore the propensity of SIDS to sustain severe damage and prolonged disruption of essential services, to document the spectrum of public health consequences, and to delineate the daunting hurdles that challenged emergency response and recovery operations for island-based, disaster-affected populations. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;page 1 of 13)'
    Author: 'Shultz, James M.; Kossin, James P.; Shepherd, J. Marshall; Ransdell, Justine M.; Walshe, Rory; Kelman, Ilan; Galea, Sandro'
    DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2018.28
    Database Provider: Cambridge University Press
    EPub Date: 2018/04/06
    ISSN: 1935-7893
    Journal: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness
    Keywords: climate change; climate driver; disaster; disaster response; hazard; health consequences; hurricane; risk; Small Island Developing States; tropical cyclone; tropical storm; vulnerability
    Name of Database: Cambridge Core
    Pages: 1-13
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press
    Title: 'Risk, health consequences, and response challenges for small-island-based populations: Observations from the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season'
    Year: 2018
    _record_number: 25240
    _uuid: f27d73b2-8618-4674-a111-a92276930d26
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1017/dmp.2018.28
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f27d73b2-8618-4674-a111-a92276930d26.yaml
  identifier: f27d73b2-8618-4674-a111-a92276930d26
  uri: /reference/f27d73b2-8618-4674-a111-a92276930d26
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Wild, C. P.; Gong, Y. Y.'
    DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp264
    ISSN: 1460-2180
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Carcinogenesis
    Pages: 71-82
    Title: 'Mycotoxins and human disease: A largely ignored global health issue'
    Volume: 31
    Year: 2010
    _chapter: Ch6
    _record_number: 17949
    _uuid: f27f8fd7-ca35-47ef-b0cc-b15f3d1ce35c
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1093/carcin/bgp264
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f27f8fd7-ca35-47ef-b0cc-b15f3d1ce35c.yaml
  identifier: f27f8fd7-ca35-47ef-b0cc-b15f3d1ce35c
  uri: /reference/f27f8fd7-ca35-47ef-b0cc-b15f3d1ce35c
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Reynolds, Peggy; Von Behren, Julie; Gunier, Robert B.; Goldberg, Debbie E.; Hertz, Andrew; Smith, Daniel F.'
    DOI: 10.1289/ehp.5986
    ISSN: 1552-9924
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives
    Pages: 663-668
    Title: 'Childhood cancer incidence rates and hazardous air pollutants in California: An exploratory analysis'
    Volume: 111
    Year: 2003
    _chapter: Ch9
    _record_number: 17878
    _uuid: f290b771-2c0d-4f73-b8b9-d638a9adb14f
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1289/ehp.5986
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f290b771-2c0d-4f73-b8b9-d638a9adb14f.yaml
  identifier: f290b771-2c0d-4f73-b8b9-d638a9adb14f
  uri: /reference/f290b771-2c0d-4f73-b8b9-d638a9adb14f
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'EuroAmerican land-use and its legacies have transformed forest structure and composition across the United States (US). More accurate reconstructions of historical states are critical to understanding the processes governing past, current, and future forest dynamics. Here we present new gridded (8x8km) reconstructions of pre-settlement (1800s) forest composition and structure from the upper Midwestern US (Minnesota, Wisconsin, and most of Michigan), using 19th Century Public Land Survey System (PLSS), with estimates of relative composition, above-ground biomass, stem density, and basal area for 28 tree types. This mapping is more robust than past efforts, using spatially varying correction factors to accommodate sampling design, azimuthal censoring, and biases in tree selection. Changes in Forest Structure We compare pre-settlement to modern forests using US Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data to show the prevalence of lost forests (pre-settlement forests with no current analog), and novel forests (modern forests with no past analogs). Differences between pre-settlement and modern forests are spatially structured owing to differences in land-use impacts and accompanying ecological responses. Modern forests are more homogeneous, and ecotonal gradients are more diffuse today than in the past. Novel forest assemblages represent 28% of all FIA cells, and 28% of pre-settlement forests no longer exist in a modern context. Lost forests include tamarack forests in northeastern Minnesota, hemlock and cedar dominated forests in north-central Wisconsin and along the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, and elm, oak, basswood and ironwood forests along the forest-prairie boundary in south central Minnesota and eastern Wisconsin. Novel FIA forest assemblages are distributed evenly across the region, but novelty shows a strong relationship to spatial distance from remnant forests in the upper Midwest, with novelty predicted at between 20 to 60km from remnants, depending on historical forest type. The spatial relationships between remnant and novel forests, shifts in ecotone structure and the loss of historic forest types point to significant challenges for land managers if landscape restoration is a priority. The spatial signals of novelty and ecological change also point to potential challenges in using modern spatial distributions of species and communities and their relationship to underlying geophysical and climatic attributes in understanding potential responses to changing climate. The signal of human settlement on modern forests is broad, spatially varying and acts to homogenize modern forests relative to their historic counterparts, with significant implications for future management.'
    Author: 'Goring, Simon J.; Mladenoff, David J.; Cogbill, Charles V.; Record, Sydne; Paciorek, Christopher J.; Jackson, Stephen T.; Dietze, Michael C.; Dawson, Andria; Matthes, Jaclyn Hatala; McLachlan, Jason S.; Williams, John W.'
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151935
    Issue: 12
    Journal: PLOS ONE
    Pages: e0151935
    Publisher: Public Library of Science
    Title: 'Novel and lost forests in the upper midwestern United States, from new estimates of settlement-era composition, stem density, and biomass'
    Volume: 11
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 21214
    _uuid: f29243d3-9c94-4e59-b8b8-9bc1e24b00a2
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1371/journal.pone.0151935
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f29243d3-9c94-4e59-b8b8-9bc1e24b00a2.yaml
  identifier: f29243d3-9c94-4e59-b8b8-9bc1e24b00a2
  uri: /reference/f29243d3-9c94-4e59-b8b8-9bc1e24b00a2
- attrs:
    Author: 'Jones, David L.'
    DOI: 10.1023/a:1004356007312
    ISSN: 0032079X
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Plant and Soil
    Pages: 25-44
    Title: Organic Acids in the Rhizosphere – a Critical Review
    Volume: 205
    Year: 1998
    _record_number: 2143
    _uuid: f2992090-518e-4e73-b542-20208aceadc2
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f2992090-518e-4e73-b542-20208aceadc2.yaml
  identifier: f2992090-518e-4e73-b542-20208aceadc2
  uri: /reference/f2992090-518e-4e73-b542-20208aceadc2
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Continuous estimates of the oceanic meridional heat transport in the Atlantic are derived from the Rapid Climate Change–Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) and Heatflux Array (RAPID–MOCHA) observing system deployed along 26.5°N, for the period from April 2004 to October 2007. The basinwide meridional heat transport (MHT) is derived by combining temperature transports (relative to a common reference) from 1) the Gulf Stream in the Straits of Florida; 2) the western boundary region offshore of Abaco, Bahamas; 3) the Ekman layer [derived from Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) wind stresses]; and 4) the interior ocean monitored by “endpoint” dynamic height moorings. The interior eddy heat transport arising from spatial covariance of the velocity and temperature fields is estimated independently from repeat hydrographic and expendable bathythermograph (XBT) sections and can also be approximated by the array.The results for the 3.5 yr of data thus far available show a mean MHT of 1.33 ± 0.40 PW for 10-day-averaged estimates, on which time scale a basinwide mass balance can be reasonably assumed. The associated MOC strength and variability is 18.5 ± 4.9 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1). The continuous heat transport estimates range from a minimum of 0.2 to a maximum of 2.5 PW, with approximately half of the variance caused by Ekman transport changes and half caused by changes in the geostrophic circulation. The data suggest a seasonal cycle of the MHT with a maximum in summer (July–September) and minimum in late winter (March–April), with an annual range of 0.6 PW. A breakdown of the MHT into “overturning” and “gyre” components shows that the overturning component carries 88% of the total heat transport. The overall uncertainty of the annual mean MHT for the 3.5-yr record is 0.14 PW or about 10% of the mean value.'
    Author: W. E. Johns; M. O. Baringer; L. M. Beal; S. A. Cunningham; T. Kanzow; H. L. Bryden; J. J. M. Hirschi; J. Marotzke; C. S. Meinen; B. Shaw; R. Curry
    DOI: 10.1175/2010jcli3997.1
    Issue: 10
    Journal: Journal of Climate
    Keywords: 'Atlantic Ocean,Meridonial overturning circulation,Sea surface temperature,Transport,Anomalies'
    Pages: 2429-2449
    Title: 'Continuous, array-based estimates of Atlantic ocean heat transport at 26.5°N'
    Volume: 24
    Year: 2011
    _record_number: 20683
    _uuid: f299a3d0-3424-4e83-b4c3-94f452a34708
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1175/2010jcli3997.1
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f299a3d0-3424-4e83-b4c3-94f452a34708.yaml
  identifier: f299a3d0-3424-4e83-b4c3-94f452a34708
  uri: /reference/f299a3d0-3424-4e83-b4c3-94f452a34708
- attrs:
    Issue Date: August 16
    Newspaper: The Weather Channel
    Reporter: 'Erdman, Jon'
    Title: '18 Major Flood Events Have Hit Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Arkansas Since March 2015'
    URL: https://weather.com/storms/severe/news/flood-fatigue-2015-2016-texas-louisiana-oklahoma
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 25790
    _uuid: f29b94d3-c885-4401-953e-f4f31556efee
    reftype: Newspaper Article
  child_publication: /generic/af442852-240c-4001-b28c-34c6a03bba1e
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f29b94d3-c885-4401-953e-f4f31556efee.yaml
  identifier: f29b94d3-c885-4401-953e-f4f31556efee
  uri: /reference/f29b94d3-c885-4401-953e-f4f31556efee
- attrs:
    Author: 'Wunch, D.; Wennberg, P. O.; Toon, G. C.; Keppel-Aleks, G.; Yavin, Y. G.'
    DOI: 10.1029/2009gl039825
    ISSN: 00948276
    Issue: 15
    Journal: Geophysical Research Letters
    Title: Emissions of greenhouse gases from a North American megacity
    Volume: 36
    Year: 2009
    _record_number: 1536
    _uuid: f29c5cfb-7acc-45eb-a80f-bcf2c64bcb13
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f29c5cfb-7acc-45eb-a80f-bcf2c64bcb13.yaml
  identifier: f29c5cfb-7acc-45eb-a80f-bcf2c64bcb13
  uri: /reference/f29c5cfb-7acc-45eb-a80f-bcf2c64bcb13
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Pollard, David; DeConto, Robert M.; Alley, Richard B.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.12.035
    Date: 2/15/
    Journal: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
    Keywords: ice sheet; Antarctica; sea level; subglacial basin; ice cliff; hydrofracture
    Pages: 112-121
    Title: Potential Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat driven by hydrofracturing and ice cliff failure
    Volume: 412
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 19969
    _uuid: f29d19f4-33fd-481b-9af8-3837ab0d2634
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.12.035
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f29d19f4-33fd-481b-9af8-3837ab0d2634.yaml
  identifier: f29d19f4-33fd-481b-9af8-3837ab0d2634
  uri: /reference/f29d19f4-33fd-481b-9af8-3837ab0d2634
- attrs:
    Author: 'Du, Jiabi; Shen, Jian; Park, Kyeong; Wang, Ya Ping; Yu, Xin'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.265
    Date: 2018/07/15/
    ISSN: 0048-9697
    Journal: Science of The Total Environment
    Keywords: Chesapeake Bay; Hypoxia; Physical control; Temperature; Vertical exchange; Climate
    Pages: 707-717
    Title: Worsened physical condition due to climate change contributes to the increasing hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay
    Volume: 630
    Year: 2018
    _record_number: 25575
    _uuid: f29e107f-e659-48cf-8f40-919a93bbf708
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.265
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f29e107f-e659-48cf-8f40-919a93bbf708.yaml
  identifier: f29e107f-e659-48cf-8f40-919a93bbf708
  uri: /reference/f29e107f-e659-48cf-8f40-919a93bbf708
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Ziska, Lewis H.\rGeorge, K."
    Issue: 4
    Journal: World Resource Review
    Pages: 427-447
    Title: 'Rising carbon dioxide and invasive, noxious plants: Potential threats and consequences'
    URL: http://omar.arsnet.usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/ad_hoc/12755100FullTextPublicationspdf/Publications/ziska/potentialthreats.pdf
    Volume: 16
    Year: 2004
    _chapter: '["Ch. 16: Northeast FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 3991
    _uuid: f2ab60d8-ba75-4768-a345-b4f9934c1010
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/rising-carbon-dioxide-and-invasive-noxious-plants-potential-threats-and-consequences
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f2ab60d8-ba75-4768-a345-b4f9934c1010.yaml
  identifier: f2ab60d8-ba75-4768-a345-b4f9934c1010
  uri: /reference/f2ab60d8-ba75-4768-a345-b4f9934c1010
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 7
    Author: "Forster, P.\rRamaswamy, V.\rArtaxo, P.\rBerntsen, T.\rBetts, R.\rFahey, D.W.\rHaywood, J.\rLean, J.\rLowe, D.C.\rMyhre, G.\rNganga, J.\rPrinn, R.\rRaga, G.\rSchulz, M.\rVan Dorland, R."
    Book Title: 'Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change'
    Editor: "S. Solomon\rD. Qin\rM. Manning\rZ. Chen\rM. Marquis\rK. B. Averyt\rM. Tignor\rH. L. Miller"
    Place Published: 'Cambridge, UK'
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press
    Reviewer: f2b357c2-f4ae-4868-a058-e48fbdbb1303
    Title: 'Ch. 2: Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing'
    URL: http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch2.html
    Year: 2007
    _chapter: '["Ch. 15: Biogeochemical FINAL","Appendix 3: Climate Science FINAL","RF 1"]'
    _record_number: 228
    _uuid: f2b357c2-f4ae-4868-a058-e48fbdbb1303
    reftype: Book Section
  child_publication: /report/ipcc-ar4-wg1/chapter/ar4-wg1-chapter2
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f2b357c2-f4ae-4868-a058-e48fbdbb1303.yaml
  identifier: f2b357c2-f4ae-4868-a058-e48fbdbb1303
  uri: /reference/f2b357c2-f4ae-4868-a058-e48fbdbb1303
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: C2ES
    Institution: Center for Climate and Energy Solutions
    Pages: 71
    Place Published: 'Arlington, VA'
    Title: 'Climate Change Adaptation: What Federal Agencies are Doing, February 2012 Update '
    URL: http://www.c2es.org/docUploads/federal-agencies-adaptation.pdf
    Year: 2012
    _chapter: '["Ch. 28: Adaptation FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 268
    _uuid: f2b4de01-c353-4fa0-9fbb-5837f9909395
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/c2es-climchgadaptfedagencies-2012
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f2b4de01-c353-4fa0-9fbb-5837f9909395.yaml
  identifier: f2b4de01-c353-4fa0-9fbb-5837f9909395
  uri: /reference/f2b4de01-c353-4fa0-9fbb-5837f9909395
- attrs:
    Author: 'Jorgenson, M. Torre; Romanovsky, Vladimir; Harden, Jennifer; Shur, Yuri; O’Donnell, Jonathan; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Kanevskiy, Mikhail; Marchenko, Sergei'
    DOI: 10.1139/x10-060
    ISSN: "0045-5067\r1208-6037"
    Issue: 7
    Journal: Canadian Journal of Forest Research
    Pages: 1219-1236
    Title: Resilience and Vulnerability of Permafrost To Climate Change
    Volume: 40
    Year: 2010
    _record_number: 2146
    _uuid: f2b5dce4-1b14-4a58-ac9d-1a663af8defd
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f2b5dce4-1b14-4a58-ac9d-1a663af8defd.yaml
  identifier: f2b5dce4-1b14-4a58-ac9d-1a663af8defd
  uri: /reference/f2b5dce4-1b14-4a58-ac9d-1a663af8defd
- attrs:
    Author: 'Banner, Jay L.; Charles S. Jackson; Zong-Liang Yang; Katharine Hayhoe; Connie Woodhouse; Lindsey Gulden; Kathy Jacobs; Gerald North; Ruby Leung; Warren Washington; Xiaoyan Jiang; Richard Castell'
    ISSN: 2160-5319
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Texas Water Journal
    Pages: 1-19
    Title: 'Climate change impacts on Texas water: A white paper assessment of the past, present and future and recommendations for action'
    URL: https://journals.tdl.org/twj/index.php/twj/article/view/1043
    Volume: 1
    Year: 2010
    _record_number: 23294
    _uuid: f2bce905-3f9b-47a6-aae9-3b59d3d80e38
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/climate-change-impacts-on-texas-water-white-paper-assessment-past-present-future-recommendations-action
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f2bce905-3f9b-47a6-aae9-3b59d3d80e38.yaml
  identifier: f2bce905-3f9b-47a6-aae9-3b59d3d80e38
  uri: /reference/f2bce905-3f9b-47a6-aae9-3b59d3d80e38
- attrs:
    Author: 'Johnstone, Jill F.; Chapin, F. Stuart; Hollingsworth, Teresa N.; Mack, Michelle C.; Romanovsky, Vladimir; Turetsky, Merritt'
    DOI: 10.1139/X10-061
    Date: 2010/07/01
    ISSN: 0045-5067
    Issue: 7
    Journal: Canadian Journal of Forest Research
    Pages: 1302-1312
    Publisher: NRC Research Press
    Title: 'Fire, climate change, and forest resilience in interior Alaska'
    Volume: 40
    Year: 2010
    _record_number: 1890
    _uuid: f2c2490c-2b6b-4acd-ac26-c37b694760e6
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f2c2490c-2b6b-4acd-ac26-c37b694760e6.yaml
  identifier: f2c2490c-2b6b-4acd-ac26-c37b694760e6
  uri: /reference/f2c2490c-2b6b-4acd-ac26-c37b694760e6
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 16
    Access Date: June 4
    Author: 'C3P,'
    Place Published: 'Columbia, SC'
    Publisher: Carolinas Integrated Sciences and Assessments
    Title: 'Carolinas Precipitation Patterns & Probabilities (C3P): An Atlas of Hydroclimate Extremes [web page]. Drought Indexes'
    URL: https://www.cisa.sc.edu/atlas/carolinas-drought.html
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 26324
    _uuid: f2c76966-a6ae-4f1b-89cf-32ee1956a86a
    reftype: Web Page
  child_publication: /webpage/498bf716-0372-45c3-b24a-75990cbedbbe
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f2c76966-a6ae-4f1b-89cf-32ee1956a86a.yaml
  identifier: f2c76966-a6ae-4f1b-89cf-32ee1956a86a
  uri: /reference/f2c76966-a6ae-4f1b-89cf-32ee1956a86a
- attrs:
    .publisher: Ecological Society of America
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Kudo, Gaku; Ida, Takashi Y.'
    DOI: 10.1890/12-2003.1
    Issue: 10
    Journal: Ecology
    Keywords: 'Bombus spp; bumble bee; climate change; Corydalis ambigua; flowering phenology; hibernation; Hokkaido, Japan; phenological mismatch; pollinator activity; snowmelt time; spring ephemerals'
    Pages: 2311-2320
    Title: Early onset of spring increases the phenological mismatch between plants and pollinators
    Volume: 94
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 21000
    _uuid: f2c881d9-6697-4b43-a2a9-a25a6bcab14f
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1890/12-2003.1
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  identifier: f2c881d9-6697-4b43-a2a9-a25a6bcab14f
  uri: /reference/f2c881d9-6697-4b43-a2a9-a25a6bcab14f
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 7
    Author: 'Jakob, Dörte'
    Book Title: 'Extremes in a Changing Climate: Detection, Analysis and Uncertainty'
    Editor: 'AghaKouchak, Amir; Easterling, David; Hsu, Kuolin; Schubert, Siegfried; Sorooshian, Soroosh'
    ISBN: "978-9400744783\r9400744781"
    Pages: 363-417
    Place Published: Dordrecht
    Publisher: Springer
    Series Volume: Water Science and Technology Library v.65
    Title: Nonstationarity in extremes and engineering design
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 25397
    _uuid: f2ca0b49-8456-4bd5-803a-91fb61e021d0
    reftype: Book Section
  child_publication: /book/446e9888-fc77-4710-a39a-bb4ef158adef
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f2ca0b49-8456-4bd5-803a-91fb61e021d0.yaml
  identifier: f2ca0b49-8456-4bd5-803a-91fb61e021d0
  uri: /reference/f2ca0b49-8456-4bd5-803a-91fb61e021d0
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Access Date: 1979
    Author: "Klopatek, Jeffrey M.\rOlson, Richard J.\rEmerson, Craig J.\rJoness, Jan L."
    DOI: 10.1017/S0376892900003039
    ISSN: 1469-4387
    Issue: 03
    Journal: Environmental Conservation
    Pages: 191-199
    Title: Land-use conflicts with natural vegetation in the United States
    Volume: 6
    Year: 1979
    _chapter: '["Ch. 18: Midwest FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 4145
    _uuid: f2d14e55-736f-41ed-850c-3df6d9832d10
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1017/S0376892900003039
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f2d14e55-736f-41ed-850c-3df6d9832d10.yaml
  identifier: f2d14e55-736f-41ed-850c-3df6d9832d10
  uri: /reference/f2d14e55-736f-41ed-850c-3df6d9832d10
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'This study describes the use of a state‐of‐the‐art urban parameterization (the Town Energy Balance scheme, TEB) to examine how the surface runoff of the Brussels Capital Region (BCR) responded to historical urbanization (1960–1999) and how it will respond in cases of climate changes and/or future urbanization. Key for this study is that both energy and water balances are resolved and interact through the evaporative term. Historical urbanization of BCR is estimated from changes in impervious surface area using remote sensing imagery and future climate is modelled using data from two members of the European project PRUDENCE. Results show that (1) a change could be detected in the annual series of cumulative surface runoff, high flow and the frequency of flood events when imperviousness exceeds 35%. (2) Climate change has a greater impact on low flows than urbanization. (3) In terms of high flow and annual cumulative runoff, historical urbanization and the precipitation increase scenario have approximately the same increasing trend. However, during summertime when floods happen frequently in the BCR, the average contribution of urbanization is four times greater than that due to the increase in precipitation in terms of the cumulative runoff ratio. (4) The assumed 10% increase in imperviousness in the BCR is able to counteract the increase in evapotranspiration due to warmer climate predictions. (5) When combining the effect of future urbanization (+20% of imperviousness) and precipitation scenario together, the increase in high flow is exacerbated. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society'
    Author: 'Hamdi, Rafiq; Termonia, Piet; Baguis, Pierre'
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.2207
    Issue: 13
    Journal: International Journal of Climatology
    Pages: 1959-1974
    Title: 'Effects of urbanization and climate change on surface runoff of the Brussels Capital Region: A case study using an urban soil–vegetation–atmosphere‐transfer model'
    Volume: 31
    Year: 2011
    _record_number: 25458
    _uuid: f2d18635-778c-4185-bcf9-f7f364f2c3cd
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1002/joc.2207
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f2d18635-778c-4185-bcf9-f7f364f2c3cd.yaml
  identifier: f2d18635-778c-4185-bcf9-f7f364f2c3cd
  uri: /reference/f2d18635-778c-4185-bcf9-f7f364f2c3cd
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Izaurralde, R.C.\rThomson, A.M.\rMorgan, J.A.\rFay, P.A.\rPolley, H.W.\rHatfield, J.L."
    DOI: 10.2134/agronj2010.0304
    ISSN: 1435-0645
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Agronomy Journal
    Pages: 371-381
    Title: 'Climate impacts on agriculture: Implications for forage and rangeland production'
    Volume: 103
    Year: 2011
    _chapter: '["Ch. 6: Agriculture FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 362
    _uuid: f2d332c1-eccb-4442-9036-b8bf9d586b17
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.2134/agronj2010.0304
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f2d332c1-eccb-4442-9036-b8bf9d586b17.yaml
  identifier: f2d332c1-eccb-4442-9036-b8bf9d586b17
  uri: /reference/f2d332c1-eccb-4442-9036-b8bf9d586b17
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Mader, T.L.'
    ISSN: 0021-8812
    Issue: 14 suppl 2
    Journal: Journal of Animal Science
    Pages: E110-E119
    Title: Environmental stress in confined beef cattle
    URL: http://www.animal-science.org/content/81/14_suppl_2/E110.full.pdf
    Volume: 81
    Year: 2003
    _chapter: '["Ch. 6: Agriculture FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 1842
    _uuid: f2d47bcb-0b5f-468c-b574-a9f155403ed7
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/environmental-stress-in-confined-beef-cattle
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f2d47bcb-0b5f-468c-b574-a9f155403ed7.yaml
  identifier: f2d47bcb-0b5f-468c-b574-a9f155403ed7
  uri: /reference/f2d47bcb-0b5f-468c-b574-a9f155403ed7
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Ericksen, Polly J.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2007.09.002
    ISSN: 1872-9495
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Global Environmental Change
    Pages: 234-245
    Title: Conceptualizing food systems for global environmental change research
    Volume: 18
    Year: 2008
    _chapter: Ch6
    _record_number: 17903
    _uuid: f2d4e57a-213a-46b1-882f-e1d5ecd9d863
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2007.09.002
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f2d4e57a-213a-46b1-882f-e1d5ecd9d863.yaml
  identifier: f2d4e57a-213a-46b1-882f-e1d5ecd9d863
  uri: /reference/f2d4e57a-213a-46b1-882f-e1d5ecd9d863
- attrs:
    Author: 'Bates, Nicholas R.'
    DOI: 10.1029/2006jc003759
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    Issue: C9
    Journal: Journal of Geophysical Research
    Title: Interannual variability of the oceanic CO2 sink in the subtropical gyre of the North Atlantic Ocean over the last 2 decades
    Volume: 112
    Year: 2007
    _record_number: 78
    _uuid: f2e3a040-6810-44a1-ad94-31540241772e
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f2e3a040-6810-44a1-ad94-31540241772e.yaml
  identifier: f2e3a040-6810-44a1-ad94-31540241772e
  uri: /reference/f2e3a040-6810-44a1-ad94-31540241772e
- attrs:
    Author: 'Derner, Justin D.; Stanley, Charles; Ellis, Chad'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rala.2015.10.010
    Date: 2016/04/01/
    ISSN: 0190-0528
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Rangelands
    Keywords: infiltration; nutrient cycling; organic matter; productive capacity; resiliency; soil structure
    Notes: (Chuck)
    Pages: 64-67
    Title: 'Usable science: Soil health'
    Volume: 38
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 23515
    _uuid: f2e6034d-169d-46c0-8b78-1eb46e73bfc8
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.rala.2015.10.010
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f2e6034d-169d-46c0-8b78-1eb46e73bfc8.yaml
  identifier: f2e6034d-169d-46c0-8b78-1eb46e73bfc8
  uri: /reference/f2e6034d-169d-46c0-8b78-1eb46e73bfc8
- attrs:
    .publisher: American Geophysical Union
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Woodhouse, C.A.\rGray, S.T.\rMeko, D.M."
    DOI: 10.1029/2005WR004455
    Issue: W05415
    Journal: Water Resources Research
    Title: Updated streamflow reconstructions for the Upper Colorado River Basin
    Volume: 42
    Year: 2006
    _chapter: '["Ch. 28: Adaptation FINAL","Ch. 3: Water Resources FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 3475
    _uuid: f2f784e5-5e76-4f30-9740-f2650990e433
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1029/2005WR004455
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f2f784e5-5e76-4f30-9740-f2650990e433.yaml
  identifier: f2f784e5-5e76-4f30-9740-f2650990e433
  uri: /reference/f2f784e5-5e76-4f30-9740-f2650990e433
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'USGCRP,'
    DOI: 10.7930/SOCCR2.2018
    Institution: U.S. Global Change Research Program
    Notes: https://www.carboncyclescience.us/state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr
    Pages: 877
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Series Editor: 'Cavallaro, N.; G. Shrestha; R. Birdsey; M. Mayes; R. Najjar; S. Reed; P. Romero-Lankao; Z. Zhu'
    Title: 'Second State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR2): A Sustained Assessment Report'
    URL: http://carbon2018.globalchange.gov/
    Year: 2018
    _record_number: 24526
    _uuid: f2ff4075-e1a6-4a21-9b7c-227b55f2e5c1
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/second-state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr2-sustained-assessment-report
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f2ff4075-e1a6-4a21-9b7c-227b55f2e5c1.yaml
  identifier: f2ff4075-e1a6-4a21-9b7c-227b55f2e5c1
  uri: /reference/f2ff4075-e1a6-4a21-9b7c-227b55f2e5c1
- attrs:
    Author: 'Sturm, Matthew; Goldstein, Michael A.; Huntington, Henry; Douglas, Thomas A.'
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-016-1860-5
    Date: 2017//
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Climatic Change
    Pages: 437-449
    Title: 'Using an option pricing approach to evaluate strategic decisions in a rapidly changing climate: Black–Scholes and climate change'
    Volume: 140
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 22297
    _uuid: f30fbdb2-e78b-4e69-8c7e-6ac30f304ddf
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-016-1860-5
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f30fbdb2-e78b-4e69-8c7e-6ac30f304ddf.yaml
  identifier: f30fbdb2-e78b-4e69-8c7e-6ac30f304ddf
  uri: /reference/f30fbdb2-e78b-4e69-8c7e-6ac30f304ddf
- attrs:
    Academic Department: Planning and Environmental Management
    Advisor: Richard Kingston
    Author: 'Aponte-Gonzalez, Felix'
    Degree: Ph.D.
    Number of Pages: 372
    Place Published: 'Manchester, UK'
    Title: Concerning Caribbean Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation in Small Island Cities
    URL: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/concerning-caribbean-climate-change-vulnerabilities-and-adaptation-in-small-island-cities(f9bc2ea2-8fc7-4d91-8577-87fa88b8db12).html
    University: University of Manchester
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 25072
    _uuid: f30fcd50-d968-45c5-99a3-59e1db045ba5
    reftype: Thesis
  child_publication: /generic/0255090c-699f-43f4-b6dd-b03410823534
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f30fcd50-d968-45c5-99a3-59e1db045ba5.yaml
  identifier: f30fcd50-d968-45c5-99a3-59e1db045ba5
  uri: /reference/f30fcd50-d968-45c5-99a3-59e1db045ba5
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Liang, X.\rD.P. Lettenmaier\rE.F. Wood\rS.J. Burges"
    DOI: 10.1029/94JD00483
    Issue: D7
    Journal: Journal of Geophysical Research
    Pages: 14415-14428
    Title: A simple hydrologically based model of land surface water and energy fluxes for general circulation models
    URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/94JD00483/pdf
    Volume: 99
    Year: 1994
    _chapter: '["Ch. 20: Southwest FINAL","RF 3","Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 1542
    _uuid: f312de7c-ebe1-447f-93c5-c2ddec528464
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1029/94JD00483
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f312de7c-ebe1-447f-93c5-c2ddec528464.yaml
  identifier: f312de7c-ebe1-447f-93c5-c2ddec528464
  uri: /reference/f312de7c-ebe1-447f-93c5-c2ddec528464
- attrs:
    Author: 'Marshall, Aarian '
    Date: 'July 27, 2017'
    Magazine: Wired Transportation
    Title: Tesla’s Model 3 is Making Electric Vehicles Successful Even Before Its Launch
    URL: https://www.wired.com/story/tesla-model-3-electric-market/
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 438
    _uuid: f31dbed9-5216-42d0-b85b-683ada3db927
    reftype: Magazine Article
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f31dbed9-5216-42d0-b85b-683ada3db927.yaml
  identifier: f31dbed9-5216-42d0-b85b-683ada3db927
  uri: /reference/f31dbed9-5216-42d0-b85b-683ada3db927
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'How should we understand the interconnections between environmental change, migration, and conflict in Africa? Should the rise of Islamic terrorism and Boko Haram in northeast Nigeria be directly linked to the drying of Lake Chad? Should cattle raiding in Kenya be seen as a result of drought across East Africa? Does the constrained migration of the pastoral Tuareg in the Sahel causally connect to desertification and their rebellion against governmental forces? Despite the compelling and often persuasive case for directly connecting environmental change to migration and conflict, there is a growing agreement in both the environment-migration and climate-conflict spheres that intervening variables determine if and how environmental change causes population movements and political violence. This article presents a case for migration as an intermediary and bidirectional causal variable. The article argues that close attention needs to be paid to local-level manifestations of conflict and (mal)adaptive forms of migration to understand the potential propensity of environmental change to lead to conflict in Africa.'
    Author: 'Freeman, Laura'
    DOI: 10.1177/1070496517727325
    Issue: 4
    Journal: The Journal of Environment & Development
    Keywords: 'environmental change,climate change,migration,conflict,constrained migration,Africa'
    Pages: 351-374
    Title: 'Environmental change, migration, and conflict in Africa: A critical examination of the interconnections'
    Volume: 26
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 25762
    _uuid: f324c5f2-ac61-4998-9da1-a34557c99b94
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1177/1070496517727325
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f324c5f2-ac61-4998-9da1-a34557c99b94.yaml
  identifier: f324c5f2-ac61-4998-9da1-a34557c99b94
  uri: /reference/f324c5f2-ac61-4998-9da1-a34557c99b94
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 9
    Editor: 'Dasgupta, S., I. Siriner, and P. Sarathi De'
    ISBN: 978-81-908841-43
    Number of Pages: 281
    Place Published: 'London, United Kingdom'
    Publisher: Frontpage
    Title: Women's Encounter With Disaster
    Year: 2010
    _record_number: 18078
    _uuid: f328ed32-e4d2-4dc3-872b-fbf819de4091
    reftype: Book
  child_publication: /book/e8d09656-b18f-429d-9025-5ff59661c20b
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f328ed32-e4d2-4dc3-872b-fbf819de4091.yaml
  identifier: f328ed32-e4d2-4dc3-872b-fbf819de4091
  uri: /reference/f328ed32-e4d2-4dc3-872b-fbf819de4091
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 16
    Access Year: 2013
    Author: 'C2ES,'
    Publisher: Center for Climate and Energy Solutions
    Title: Multi-State Climate Initiatives
    URL: http://www.c2es.org/us-states-regions/regional-climate-initiatives#WCI
    Year: 2013
    _chapter: '["Ch. 27: Mitigation FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 4562
    _uuid: f32ccf0d-a809-4afb-9422-712e24fac05f
    reftype: Web Page
  child_publication: /webpage/31cd75ee-28fb-4015-b144-4655639ba442
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f32ccf0d-a809-4afb-9422-712e24fac05f.yaml
  identifier: f32ccf0d-a809-4afb-9422-712e24fac05f
  uri: /reference/f32ccf0d-a809-4afb-9422-712e24fac05f
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'People are not only concerned about climate change and its effects on plant and animal diversity but also about how humans are fundamentally changing the globe’s largest ecosystem that sustains economic revenue and food for many countries. We show that many species communities and ocean habitats will change from their current states. Ocean acidification and warming increase the potential for an overall simplification of ecosystem structure and function with reduced energy flow among trophic levels and little scope for species to acclimate. The future simplification of our oceans has profound consequences for our current way of life, particularly for coastal populations and those that rely on oceans for food and trade.Rising anthropogenic CO2 emissions are anticipated to drive change to ocean ecosystems, but a conceptualization of biological change derived from quantitative analyses is lacking. Derived from multiple ecosystems and latitudes, our metaanalysis of 632 published experiments quantified the direction and magnitude of ecological change resulting from ocean acidification and warming to conceptualize broadly based change. Primary production by temperate noncalcifying plankton increases with elevated temperature and CO2, whereas tropical plankton decreases productivity because of acidification. Temperature increases consumption by and metabolic rates of herbivores, but this response does not translate into greater secondary production, which instead decreases with acidification in calcifying and noncalcifying species. This effect creates a mismatch with carnivores whose metabolic and foraging costs increase with temperature. Species diversity and abundances of tropical as well as temperate species decline with acidification, with shifts favoring novel community compositions dominated by noncalcifiers and microorganisms. Both warming and acidification instigate reduced calcification in tropical and temperate reef-building species. Acidification leads to a decline in dimethylsulfide production by ocean plankton, which as a climate gas, contributes to cloud formation and maintenance of the Earth’s heat budget. Analysis of responses in short- and long-term experiments and of studies at natural CO2 vents reveals little evidence of acclimation to acidification or temperature changes, except for microbes. This conceptualization of change across whole communities and their trophic linkages forecast a reduction in diversity and abundances of various key species that underpin current functioning of marine ecosystems.'
    Author: 'Nagelkerken, Ivan; Connell, Sean D.'
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1510856112
    Issue: 43
    Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    Pages: 13272-13277
    Title: Global alteration of ocean ecosystem functioning due to increasing human CO2 emissions
    Volume: 112
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 25512
    _uuid: f331e549-0949-43d9-9ec0-898c2cedb116
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1510856112
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f331e549-0949-43d9-9ec0-898c2cedb116.yaml
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  uri: /reference/f331e549-0949-43d9-9ec0-898c2cedb116
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Twentieth century trends of precipitation are examined by a variety of methods to more fully describe how precipitation has changed or varied. Since 1910, precipitation has increased by about 10% across the contiguous United States. The increase in precipitation is reflected primarily in the heavy and extreme daily precipitation events. For example, over half (53%) of the total increase of precipitation is due to positive trends in the upper 10 percentiles of the precipitation distribution. These trends are highly significant, both practically and statistically. The increase has arisen for two reasons. First, an increase in the frequency of days with precipitation [6 days (100 yr)(-1)] has occurred for all categories of precipitation amount. Second, for the extremely heavy precipitation events, an increase in the intensity of the events is also significantly contributing (about half) to the precipitation increase. As a result, there is a significant trend in much of the United States of the highest daily year-month precipitation amount, but with no systematic national trend of the median precipitation amount.|These data suggest that the precipitation regimes in the United States are changing disproportionately across the precipitation distribution. The proportion of total precipitation derived from extreme and heavy events is increasing relative to more moderate events. These changes have an impact on the area of the United States affected by a much above-normal (upper 10 percentile) proportion of precipitation derived from very heavy precipitation events, for example, daily precipitation events exceeding 50.8 mm (2 in.).'
    Accession Number: 380
    Author: "Karl, T.R.\rKnight, R.W."
    Author Address: 'Karl, TR (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA; NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA'
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<0231:STOPAF>2.0.CO;2
    Date: FEB 1998
    ISSN: 0003-0007
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
    Keywords: VARIABILITY; SNOWFALL
    Language: English
    Pages: 231-241
    Title: 'Secular Trends of Precipitation Amount, Frequency, and Intensity in the United States'
    URL: http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0477%281998%29079%3C0231%3ASTOPAF%3E2.0.CO%3B2
    Volume: 79
    Year: 1998
    _chapter: '["Ch. 3: Water Resources FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 1519
    _uuid: f33bf177-eb71-4307-beba-a88a4228c838
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079%3C0231:STOPAF%3E2.0.CO;2
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f33bf177-eb71-4307-beba-a88a4228c838.yaml
  identifier: f33bf177-eb71-4307-beba-a88a4228c838
  uri: /reference/f33bf177-eb71-4307-beba-a88a4228c838
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Green, G.P.\rMarcouiller, D.\rDeller, S.\rErkkila, D.\rSumathi, N.R."
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-0831.1996.tb00627.x
    ISSN: 1549-0831
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Rural Sociology
    Pages: 427-445
    Title: 'Local dependency, land use attitudes, and economic development: Comparisons between seasonal and permanent residents'
    URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1549-0831.1996.tb00627.x/pdf
    Volume: 61
    Year: 1996
    _chapter: '["Ch. 14: Rural Communities FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 1061
    _uuid: f340f9c2-ebe0-4783-9c6f-f78ba6a0bcca
    reftype: Journal Article
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- attrs:
    .publisher: 'Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.'
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Andresen, Camilla S.; Straneo, Fiammetta; Ribergaard, Mads Hvid; Bjork, Anders A.; Andersen, Thorbjorn J.; Kuijpers, Antoon; Norgaard-Pedersen, Niels; Kjaer, Kurt H.; Schjoth, Frands; Weckstrom, Kaarina; Ahlstrom, Andreas P.'
    DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1349
    Date: 01//print
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Nature Geoscience
    Pages: 37-41
    Title: Rapid response of Helheim Glacier in Greenland to climate variability over the past century
    Volume: 5
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 19797
    _uuid: f342b8fc-490e-444f-9e03-bf58a08bd1b8
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1038/ngeo1349
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  identifier: f342b8fc-490e-444f-9e03-bf58a08bd1b8
  uri: /reference/f342b8fc-490e-444f-9e03-bf58a08bd1b8
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'This research seeks to answer the basic question of how current-day extreme tornadic storm events might be realized under future anthropogenic climate change. The pseudo global warming (PGW) methodology was adapted for this purpose. Three contributions to the CMIP5 archive were used to obtain the mean 3D atmospheric state simulated during May 1990–99 and May 2090–99. The climate change differences (or Δs) in temperature, relative humidity, pressure, and winds were added to NWP analyses of three high-end tornadic storm events, and this modified atmospheric state was then used for initial and boundary conditions for real-data WRF Model simulations of the events at high resolution. Comparison of an ensemble of these simulations with control simulations (CTRL) facilitated assessment of PGW effects.In contrast to the robust development of supercellular convection in each CTRL, the combined effects of increased convective inhibition (CIN) and decreased parcel lifting under PGW led to a failure of convection initiation in many of the experiments. Those experiments that had sufficient matching between the CIN and lifting tended to generate stronger convective updrafts than CTRL, although not in proportion to the projected higher levels of convective available potential energy (CAPE) under PGW. In addition, the experiments with enhanced updrafts also tended to have enhanced vertical rotation. In fact, such supercellular convection was even found in simulations that were driven with PGW-reduced environmental wind shear. Notably, the PGW modifications did not induce a change in the convective morphology in any of the PGW experiments with significant convective storminess.'
    Author: Robert J. Trapp; Kimberly A. Hoogewind
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0623.1
    Issue: 14
    Journal: Journal of Climate
    Keywords: 'Physical Meteorology and Climatology,Climate change'
    Pages: 5251-5265
    Title: The realization of extreme tornadic storm events under future anthropogenic climate change
    Volume: 29
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 19766
    _uuid: f349ea07-3dd2-45a2-a88e-6b3832bf3161
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0623.1
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f349ea07-3dd2-45a2-a88e-6b3832bf3161.yaml
  identifier: f349ea07-3dd2-45a2-a88e-6b3832bf3161
  uri: /reference/f349ea07-3dd2-45a2-a88e-6b3832bf3161
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: "We use a quantitative modeling framework capable of translating increasing stress on energy demand and costs, infrastructure maintenance, and capital investments into economic impacts to estimate future climate change effects on urban infrastructure and economy. This framework enables quantitative estimates of the economic impacts of climate change based on observed relationships between key climate thresholds and their impacts on energy and infrastructure. Although the version presented here is based on information specific to city departments, the generalized modeling framework can be applied across entire urban and metro areas. For the City of Chicago, energy and infrastructure impacts, including both costs and savings, are driven primarily by increases in mean annual temperature and secondarily by increases in the frequency of extreme-heat events and decreases in cold days. With more frequent, severe, and longer periods of extreme-heat, annual average and peak electricity demands will increase. Aggregated costs for Chicago's maintenance, labor, and capital investments could be as much as 3.5 times greater under a higher (A1FI) emissions scenario as compared to the lower (B1) scenario. These differences highlight how even partial success at reducing emissions could produce a disproportionately large reduction in economic costs for the City, the Great Lakes Region, and the nation at large. At the same time, since a single city's mitigation efforts represent only a small proportion of what is required at the global scale, adaptation to anticipated changes is also essential. (c) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V."
    Alternate Journal: J Great Lakes Res
    Author: "Hayhoe, K.\rRobson, M.\rRogula, J.\rAuffhammer, M.\rMiller, N.\rVanDorn, J.\rWuebbles, D."
    Author Address: 'Hayhoe, K; Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, POB 41053, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA; Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, POB 41053, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA; Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA; ATMOS Res & Consulting, Lubbock, TX 79490 USA; Oliver Wyman, Toronto, ON M5J 2B5, Canada; Oliver Wyman, Chicago, IL 60606 USA; Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.03.011
    ISSN: 0380-1330
    Issue: Supplement 2
    Journal: Journal of Great Lakes Research
    Keywords: climate change; chicago; urban; energy; infrastructure; economic impacts; demand; temperature; canada; methodology; adaptation; strategies; responses; ontario; model; state
    Language: English
    Notes: Suppl. 2 Sp. Iss. SI; 671CE; Times Cited:6; Cited References Count:40
    Pages: 94-105
    Title: 'An integrated framework for quantifying and valuing climate change impacts on urban energy and infrastructure: A Chicago case study'
    Volume: 36
    Year: 2010
    _chapter: '["Ch. 20: Southwest FINAL","Ch. 25: Coastal Zone FINAL","RG 10 Coasts"]'
    _record_number: 976
    _uuid: f34ea0cd-8d4a-4725-b08f-d3bf687734d2
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.jglr.2010.03.011
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  uri: /reference/f34ea0cd-8d4a-4725-b08f-d3bf687734d2
- attrs:
    Author: 'Hammer, Becky'
    Last Update Date: March 13
    Place Published: New York
    Publisher: National Resource Defense Council
    Title of Entry: FEMA finalizes new requirement for state disaster plans to consider climate change impacts
    Title of WebLog: NRDC Expert Blog
    URL: https://www.nrdc.org/experts/becky-hammer/fema-finalizes-new-requirement-state-disaster-plans-consider-climate-change
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 26460
    _uuid: f3547868-bfa7-4745-895a-afae1401e4bf
    reftype: Blog
  child_publication: /webpage/ddd74d72-0784-44bb-8bfa-d8a90f1c339d
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 16
    Author: WGMS
    DOI: 10.5904/wgms-fog-2016-08
    Place Published: 'Zurich, Switzerland'
    Publisher: World Glacier Monitoring Service
    Title: Fluctuations of Glaciers Database
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 20563
    _uuid: f35d798c-ee62-482c-9a36-0647fd5d3c05
    reftype: Web Page
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- attrs:
    Author: 'McLeod, Elizabeth; Chmura, Gail L.; Bouillon, Steven; Salm, Rodney; Björk, Mats; Duarte, Carlos M.; Lovelock, Catherine E.; Schlesinger, William H.; Silliman, Brian R.'
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    Issue: 10
    Journal: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
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    Title: 'A Blueprint For Blue Carbon: Toward an Improved Understanding of the Role of Vegetated Coastal Habitats in Sequestering CO2'
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    Year: 2011
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- attrs:
    Article Number: 913064
    Author: 'Lane, Kathryn; Charles-Guzman, Kizzy; Wheeler, Katherine; Abid, Zaynah; Graber, Nathan; Matte, Thomas'
    DOI: 10.1155/2013/913064
    Journal: Journal of Environmental and Public Health
    Pages: 913064
    Title: 'Health effects of coastal storms and flooding in urban areas: A review and vulnerability assessment'
    Volume: 2013
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 23015
    _uuid: f360379a-fb12-46a0-aef4-a04ce55ddbed
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1155/2013/913064
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: "Boon, John D\rBrubaker, John M\rForrest, David R"
    Date: November 2010
    Institution: Virginia Institute of Marine Science
    Place Published: 'Gloucester Point, Virginia'
    Title: 'Chesapeake Bay Land Subsidence and Sea Level Change: An Evaluation of Past and Present Trends and Future Outlook. Special Report No. 425 in Applied Marine Science and Ocean Engineering'
    URL: http://web.vims.edu/GreyLit/VIMS/sramsoe425.pdf
    Year: 2010
    _chapter: '["Ch. 16: Northeast FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 4318
    _uuid: f364aec4-e63e-4b36-bafd-fe6dac7416f7
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/vims-specialreport-425-2010
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  uri: /reference/f364aec4-e63e-4b36-bafd-fe6dac7416f7
- attrs:
    Author: 'Miller, Scot M.; Miller, Charles E.; Commane, Roisin; Chang, Rachel Y. W.; Dinardo, Steven J.; Henderson, John M.; Karion, Anna; Lindaas, Jakob; Melton, Joe R.; Miller, John B.; Sweeney, Colm; Wofsy, Steven C.; Michalak, Anna M.'
    DOI: 10.1002/2016GB005419
    ISSN: 1944-9224
    Issue: 10
    Journal: Global Biogeochemical Cycles
    Keywords: methane; Alaska; wetlands; climate change; arctic; greenhouse gases; 0315 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions; 0497 Wetlands; 0718 Tundra
    Pages: 1441-1453
    Title: A multiyear estimate of methane fluxes in Alaska from CARVE atmospheric observations
    Volume: 30
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 1934
    _uuid: f369fa2c-d48c-4810-af92-84ff6b4dffdb
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: ~
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  identifier: f369fa2c-d48c-4810-af92-84ff6b4dffdb
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- attrs:
    Author: 'Gordon, Line J; Steffen, Will; Jönsson, Bror F; Folke, Carl; Falkenmark, Malin; Johannessen, Åse'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.11.007
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    Pages: 7612-7617
    Title: Human modification of global water vapor flows from the land surface
    Volume: 102
    Year: 2005
    _record_number: 22583
    _uuid: f378f970-829b-40b3-b57b-787f88840476
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.11.007
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  identifier: f378f970-829b-40b3-b57b-787f88840476
  uri: /reference/f378f970-829b-40b3-b57b-787f88840476
- attrs:
    Author: 'Randall, C. J.; van Woesik, R.'
    DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2530
    Date: 02/16/online
    Journal: Nature Climate Change
    Pages: 375-379
    Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
    Title: Contemporary white-band disease in Caribbean corals driven by climate change
    Volume: 5
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 24895
    _uuid: f379739a-5554-49b2-954a-d008e604d801
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1038/nclimate2530
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  identifier: f379739a-5554-49b2-954a-d008e604d801
  uri: /reference/f379739a-5554-49b2-954a-d008e604d801
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Stratospheric water vapor concentrations decreased by about 10% after the year 2000. Here we show that this acted to slow the rate of increase in global surface temperature over 2000–2009 by about 25% compared to that which would have occurred due only to carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. More limited data suggest that stratospheric water vapor probably increased between 1980 and 2000, which would have enhanced the decadal rate of surface warming during the 1990s by about 30% as compared to estimates neglecting this change. These findings show that stratospheric water vapor is an important driver of decadal global surface climate change.%U '
    Author: 'Solomon, Susan; Rosenlof, Karen H.; Portmann, Robert W.; Daniel, John S.; Davis, Sean M.; Sanford, Todd J.; Plattner, Gian-Kasper'
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1182488
    Issue: 5970
    Journal: Science
    Pages: 1219-1223
    Title: Contributions of stratospheric water vapor to decadal changes in the rate of global warming
    Volume: 327
    Year: 2010
    _record_number: 19578
    _uuid: f37a7687-4993-4c1a-91b8-2ae46546fd5f
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.1182488
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f37a7687-4993-4c1a-91b8-2ae46546fd5f.yaml
  identifier: f37a7687-4993-4c1a-91b8-2ae46546fd5f
  uri: /reference/f37a7687-4993-4c1a-91b8-2ae46546fd5f
- attrs:
    Accession Number: WOS:000259058100009
    Author: 'Schuur, E. A. G.; Bockheim, J.; Canadell, J. G.; Euskirchen, E.; Field, C. B.; Goryachkin, S. V.; Hagemann, S.; Kuhry, P.; Lafleur, P. M.; Lee, H.; Mazhitova, G.; Nelson, F. E.; Rinke, A.; Romanovsky, V. E.; Shiklomanov, N.; Tarnocai, C.; Venevsky, S.; Vogel, J. G.; Zimov, S. A.'
    DOI: 10.1641/b580807
    ISSN: 0006-3568
    Issue: 8
    Journal: Bioscience
    Pages: 701-714
    Title: 'Vulnerability of permafrost carbon to climate change: Implications for the global carbon cycle'
    URL: <Go to ISI>://WOS:000259058100009
    Volume: 58
    Year: 2008
    _record_number: 3698
    _uuid: f37aee1f-b4a6-4d7e-8060-4e1fc9c20651
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f37aee1f-b4a6-4d7e-8060-4e1fc9c20651.yaml
  identifier: f37aee1f-b4a6-4d7e-8060-4e1fc9c20651
  uri: /reference/f37aee1f-b4a6-4d7e-8060-4e1fc9c20651
- attrs:
    Accession Number: 22859203
    Author: 'Ballantyne, A. P.; Alden, C. B.; Miller, J. B.; Tans, P. P.; White, J. W.'
    Author Address: 'Department of Geology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. apballantyne@gmail.com'
    DOI: 10.1038/nature11299
    Date: Aug 02
    ISSN: "1476-4687 (Electronic)\r0028-0836 (Linking)"
    Issue: 7409
    Journal: Nature
    Keywords: 'Atmosphere/*chemistry; Carbon/analysis; Carbon Dioxide/*analysis/history; *Carbon Sequestration; Climate Change/*statistics & numerical data; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Human Activities; Models, Theoretical; Oceans and Seas; Seawater/*chemistry; Time Factors; Uncertainty'
    Pages: 70-2
    Title: Increase in observed net carbon dioxide uptake by land and oceans during the past 50 years
    Volume: 488
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 77
    _uuid: f3804749-84b4-4001-b422-9708894ff5ef
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1038/nature11299
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  identifier: f3804749-84b4-4001-b422-9708894ff5ef
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- attrs:
    Author: 'Hornor, Gail'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2016.09.005
    Date: 2017/05/01/
    ISSN: 0891-5245
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Journal of Pediatric Health Care
    Keywords: Trauma; resilience; stress
    Pages: 384-390
    Title: Resilience
    Volume: 31
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 23784
    _uuid: f3814030-383d-4915-8615-d1e00db524aa
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.pedhc.2016.09.005
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  uri: /reference/f3814030-383d-4915-8615-d1e00db524aa
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'DOE,'
    Date: 'September 30, 2008 '
    Institution: 'U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory'
    Pages: 108
    Title: Estimating Freshwater Needs to Meet Future Thermoelectric Generation Requirements. 2008 Update. DOE/NETL-400/2008/1339
    URL: http://www.netl.doe.gov/research/energy-analysis/publications/details?pub=5b4bcd05-45fc-4f53-ac7a-eb2d6eaedce7
    Year: 2008
    _chapter: '["Ch. 10: Energy Water Land FINAL"]'
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    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/netl-400-2008-1339
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f382659a-43bf-452f-840e-092ba506d236.yaml
  identifier: f382659a-43bf-452f-840e-092ba506d236
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 16
    Author: 'USAID, '
    Title: Clearn Energy Emissions Reduction Tool.
    URL: https://www.cleertool.org
    Year: 2018
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    reftype: Web Page
  child_publication: ~
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- attrs:
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    ISBN: "978-1-4020-6992-5\r978-1-4020-6990-1\r978-1-4020-6991-8"
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    Publisher: Springer Netherlands
    Series Volume: 'Nato Science Series: IV, vol. 82'
    Title: 'Seasonal Climate: Forecasting and Managing Risk'
    Year: 2008
    _record_number: 24912
    _uuid: f384b498-78b2-4b9e-b650-7d8f4e0487ea
    reftype: Edited Book
  child_publication: /book/seasonal-climate-forecasting-managing-risk
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f384b498-78b2-4b9e-b650-7d8f4e0487ea.yaml
  identifier: f384b498-78b2-4b9e-b650-7d8f4e0487ea
  uri: /reference/f384b498-78b2-4b9e-b650-7d8f4e0487ea
- attrs:
    Author: 'Masson, V.; Marchadier, C.; Adolphe, L.; Aguejdad, R.; Avner, P.; Bonhomme, M.; Bretagne, G.; Briottet, X.; Bueno, B.; de Munck, C.; Doukari, O.; Hallegatte, S.; Hidalgo, J.; Houet, T.; Le Bras, J.; Lemonsu, A.; Long, N.; Moine, M. P.; Morel, T.; Nolorgues, L.; Pigeon, G.; Salagnac, J. L.; Viguié, V.; Zibouche, K.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2014.03.004
    Date: 2014/12/01/
    ISSN: 2212-0955
    Journal: Urban Climate
    Keywords: Systemic modelling; Urban Heat Island; Adaptation; Cities; Climate Change
    Pages: 407-429
    Title: 'Adapting cities to climate change: A systemic modelling approach'
    Volume: 10
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 24350
    _uuid: f38b1c9b-3c1e-4408-9549-6e32437955ae
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.uclim.2014.03.004
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f38b1c9b-3c1e-4408-9549-6e32437955ae.yaml
  identifier: f38b1c9b-3c1e-4408-9549-6e32437955ae
  uri: /reference/f38b1c9b-3c1e-4408-9549-6e32437955ae
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Background Mangroves are a group of highly salt-tolerant woody plants. The high water use efficiency of mangroves under saline conditions suggests that regulation of water transport is a crucial component of their salinity tolerance.Scope This review focuses on the processes that contribute to the ability of mangroves to maintain water uptake and limit water loss to the soil and the atmosphere under saline conditions, from micro to macro scales. These processes include: (1) efficient filtering of the incoming water to exclude salt; (2) maintenance of internal osmotic potentials lower than that of the rhizosphere; (3) water-saving properties; and (4) efficient exploitation of less-saline water sources when these become available.Conclusions Mangroves are inherently plastic and can change their structure at the root, leaf and stand levels in response to salinity in order to exclude salt from the xylem stream, maintain leaf hydraulic conductance, avoid cavitation and regulate water loss (e.g. suberization of roots and alterations of leaf size, succulence and angle, hydraulic anatomy and biomass partitioning). However, much is still unknown about the regulation of water uptake in mangroves, such as how they sense and respond to heterogeneity in root zone salinity, the extent to which they utilize non-stomatally derived CO2 as a water-saving measure and whether they can exploit atmospheric water sources.'
    Author: 'Reef, Ruth; Lovelock, Catherine E.'
    DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu174
    ISSN: 0305-7364
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Annals of Botany
    Notes: 10.1093/aob/mcu174
    Pages: 385-395
    Title: Regulation of water balance in mangroves
    Volume: 115
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 24370
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    .reference_type: 9
    Author: 'Mitsch, W.J., ; Wu, X. '
    Pages: 205-230
    Publisher: 'CRC Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida'
    Series Editor: 'Lal, R., ; Kimble, J., ; Levine, E., ; Stewart, B.A'
    Series Title: 'Advances in Soil Science, Soil Management and Greenhouse Effect'
    Title: Wetlands and global change
    Year: 1995
    _record_number: 2426
    _uuid: f39901a1-db31-4556-b699-9139fec84043
    reftype: Book
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    Author: 'Linke, Andrew M.; O’Loughlin, John; McCabe, J. Terrence; Tir, Jaroslav; Witmer, Frank D. W.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.04.007
    Date: 9//
    ISSN: 0959-3780
    Journal: Global Environmental Change
    Keywords: Environmental change; Drought; Conflict; Kenya; Dispute settlement; Institutions
    Pages: 35-47
    Title: 'Rainfall variability and violence in rural Kenya: Investigating the effects of drought and the role of local institutions with survey data'
    Volume: 34
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 22065
    _uuid: f3a9fb73-acfa-448e-bb5e-71bae0052ae5
    reftype: Journal Article
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    Abstract: 'Anthropogenic global warming is driven by emissions of a wide variety of radiative forcers ranging from very short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs), like black carbon, to very long-lived, like CO2. These species are often released from common sources and are therefore intricately linked. However, for reasons of simplification, this CO2-SLCF linkage was often disregarded in long-term projections of earlier studies. Here we explicitly account for CO2-SLCF linkages and show that the short- and long-term climate effects of many SLCF measures consistently become smaller in scenarios that keep warming to below 2 degrees C relative to preindustrial levels. Although long-term mitigation of methane and hydrofluorocarbons are integral parts of 2 degrees C scenarios, early action on these species mainly influences near-term temperatures and brings small benefits for limiting maximum warming relative to comparable reductions taking place later. Furthermore, we find that maximum 21st-century warming in 2 degrees C-consistent scenarios is largely unaffected by additional black-carbon-related measures because key emission sources are already phased-out through CO2 mitigation. Our study demonstrates the importance of coherently considering CO2-SLCF coevolutions. Failing to do so leads to strongly and consistently overestimating the effect of SLCF measures in climate stabilization scenarios. Our results reinforce that SLCF measures are to be considered complementary rather than a substitute for early and stringent CO2 mitigation. Near-term SLCF measures do not allow for more time for CO2 mitigation. We disentangle and resolve the distinct benefits across different species and therewith facilitate an integrated strategy for mitigating both short and long-term climate change.'
    Accession Number: 25368182
    Author: 'Rogelj, J.; Schaeffer, M.; Meinshausen, M.; Shindell, D. T.; Hare, W.; Klimont, Z.; Velders, G. J.; Amann, M.; Schellnhuber, H. J.'
    Author Address: "Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Energy Program and Mitigation of Air Pollution & Greenhouse Gases Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria; john@pik-potsdam.de rogelj@iiasa.ac.at.\rClimate Analytics gGmbH, 10969 Berlin, Germany; Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;\rSchool of Earth Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14412 Potsdam, Germany;\rNicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708;\rClimate Analytics gGmbH, 10969 Berlin, Germany; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14412 Potsdam, Germany;\rEnergy Program and Mitigation of Air Pollution & Greenhouse Gases Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria;\rNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; and.\rPotsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14412 Potsdam, Germany; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501 john@pik-potsdam.de rogelj@iiasa.ac.at."
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1415631111
    Date: Nov 18
    ISSN: "1091-6490 (Electronic)\r0027-8424 (Linking)"
    Issue: 46
    Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA
    Keywords: air pollution; black carbon; carbon dioxide; climate change mitigation; short-lived climate forcers
    Notes: "Rogelj, Joeri\rSchaeffer, Michiel\rMeinshausen, Malte\rShindell, Drew T\rHare, William\rKlimont, Zbigniew\rVelders, Guus J M\rAmann, Markus\rSchellnhuber, Hans Joachim\reng\r2014/11/05 06:00\rProc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Nov 18;111(46):16325-30. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1415631111. Epub 2014 Nov 3."
    PMCID: PMC4246330
    Pages: 16325-30
    Title: Disentangling the effects of CO2 and short-lived climate forcer mitigation
    Volume: 111
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 146
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    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Kasischke, Eric S.; Turetsky, Merritt R.'
    DOI: 10.1029/2006GL025677
    Issue: 9
    Journal: Geophysical Research Letters
    Keywords: 0429 Climate dynamics; 0426 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions; 0468 Natural hazards
    Pages: L09703
    Title: Recent changes in the fire regime across the North American boreal region—Spatial and temporal patterns of burning across Canada and Alaska
    Volume: 33
    Year: 2006
    _record_number: 20303
    _uuid: f3ae636d-6cf8-4d68-b928-1888dba5ff5e
    reftype: Journal Article
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- attrs:
    Author: 'Kovach, Ryan P.; Muhlfeld, Clint C.; Wade, Alisa A.; Hand, Brian K.; Whited, Diane C.; DeHaan, Patrick W.; Al-Chokhachy, Robert; Luikart, Gordon'
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12850
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Issue: 7
    Journal: Global Change Biology
    Keywords: bull trout; climate change; conservation genetics; genetic diversity; salmonid; stream flow; temperature; vulnerability
    Pages: 2510-2524
    Title: Genetic diversity is related to climatic variation and vulnerability in threatened bull trout
    Volume: 21
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 23399
    _uuid: f3b02c1c-8314-4f1a-a49e-6eb507e84378
    reftype: Journal Article
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- attrs:
    Author: 'Talati, Shuchi; Zhai, Haibo; Kyle, G. Page; Morgan, M. Granger; Patel, Pralit; Liu, Lu'
    DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01389
    Date: 2016/11/15
    ISSN: 0013-936X
    Issue: 22
    Journal: Environmental Science & Technology
    Pages: 12095-12104
    Publisher: American Chemical Society
    Title: 'Consumptive water use from electricity generation in the Southwest under alternative climate, technology, and policy futures'
    Volume: 50
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 23868
    _uuid: f3b04c41-c83d-49dc-b7f7-69fb527b0a4f
    reftype: Journal Article
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  uri: /reference/f3b04c41-c83d-49dc-b7f7-69fb527b0a4f
- attrs:
    Author: 'Boin, Arjen; McConnell, Allan'
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-5973.2007.00504.x
    ISSN: 1468-5973
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management
    Pages: 50-59
    Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Title: 'Preparing for critical infrastructure breakdowns: The limits of crisis management and the need for resilience'
    Volume: 15
    Year: 2007
    _record_number: 21461
    _uuid: f3b4b2c2-f1d6-4dfb-a02f-43714c47ffc3
    reftype: Journal Article
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  uri: /reference/f3b4b2c2-f1d6-4dfb-a02f-43714c47ffc3
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 32
    Author: 'Carpenter, A.'
    Title: 'Selected Climate-Change Related Water Sector References, Technical Input 2011-0057 to the National Climate Assessment, 2012'
    Year: 2011
    _chapter: '["Ch. 3: Water Resources FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 1522
    _uuid: f3b4b39d-37b1-417a-979a-11b1ebaff6b7
    reftype: Government Document
  child_publication: /report/nca-techreport-2011-0057
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board,'
    Institution: Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board
    Pages: 71
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Report Number: 'Federal Financial Accounting Standards 44 '
    Title: 'Accounting for Impairment of General Property, Plant, and Equipment Remaining in Use'
    URL: http://www.fasab.gov/pdffiles/original_sffas_44.pdf
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 25634
    _uuid: f3b84567-b8ac-44f0-8e3f-fcd0ba247ca2
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/accounting-impairment-general-property-plant-equipment-remaining-use
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Ariano, R.\rCanonica, G.W.\rPassalacqua, G."
    DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2009.12.005
    ISSN: 1081-1206
    Issue: 3
    Journal: 'Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology'
    Pages: 215-222
    Title: Possible role of climate changes in variations in pollen seasons and allergic sensitizations during 27 years
    Volume: 104
    Year: 2010
    _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL","Overview"]'
    _record_number: 1281
    _uuid: f3bb3bdd-bb8a-45d9-bb24-3d99824a5a0a
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.anai.2009.12.005
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  uri: /reference/f3bb3bdd-bb8a-45d9-bb24-3d99824a5a0a
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: "Humans perceive and act on risk in two fundamental ways. Risk as feelings refers to individuals' instinctive and intuitive reactions to danger. Risk as analysis brings logic, reason, and scientific deliberation to bear on risk management. Reliance on risk as feelings is described as “the affect heuristic.” This article traces the development of this heuristic and discusses some of the important ways that it impacts how people perceive and evaluate risk."
    Author: "Slovic, Paul\rPeters, Ellen"
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2006.00461.x
    Date: 'December 1, 2006'
    Issue: 6
    Journal: Current Directions in Psychological Science
    Pages: 322-325
    Title: Risk perception and affect
    Volume: 15
    Year: 2006
    _chapter: '["Ch. 26: Decision Support FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 4462
    _uuid: f3bc2bf0-e465-46b2-9597-eb8a522d75f1
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2006.00461.x
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    Author: 'Abraham, J. P.; Baringer, M.; Bindoff, N. L.; Boyer, T.; Cheng, L. J.; Church, J. A.; Conroy, J. L.; Domingues, C. M.; Fasullo, J. T.; Gilson, J.; Goni, G.; Good, S. A.; Gorman, J. M.; Gouretski, V.; Ishii, M.; Johnson, G. C.; Kizu, S.; Lyman, J. M.; Macdonald, A. M.; Minkowycz, W. J.; Moffitt, S. E.; Palmer, M. D.; Piola, A. R.; Reseghetti, F.; Schuckmann, K.; Trenberth, K. E.; Velicogna, I.; Willis, J. K.'
    DOI: 10.1002/rog.20022
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Reviews of Geophysics
    Keywords: global warming; ocean heat content; Argo float; thermosteric sea level rise; expendable bathythermograph; Earth energy balance; 1635 Oceans; 1641 Sea level change; 4262 Ocean observing systems; 4294 Instruments and techniques; 4215 Climate and interannual variability
    Pages: 450-483
    Title: 'A review of global ocean temperature observations: Implications for ocean heat content estimates and climate change'
    Volume: 51
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 19897
    _uuid: f3bf8e90-4f17-425e-b551-95847443ab9f
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1002/rog.20022
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  uri: /reference/f3bf8e90-4f17-425e-b551-95847443ab9f
- attrs:
    Author: 'Federal Geographic Data Committee,'
    Edition: 2nd
    Report Number: FGDC-STD-004-2013
    Title: Classification of Wetlands and DeepWater Habitats of the United States
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 2364
    _uuid: f3c5c0fc-56e1-488c-ba67-76c82bd3d31f
    reftype: Government Document
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  uri: /reference/f3c5c0fc-56e1-488c-ba67-76c82bd3d31f
- attrs:
    Author: 'Caldwell, Peter V.; Miniat, Chelcy F.; Elliott, Katherine J.; Swank, Wayne T.; Brantley, Steven T.; Laseter, Stephanie H.'
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13309
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Issue: 9
    Journal: Global Change Biology
    Keywords: climate change; evapotranspiration; forest hydrology; mesophication; streamflow; water yield
    Pages: 2997-3012
    Title: Declining water yield from forested mountain watersheds in response to climate change and forest mesophication
    Volume: 22
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 22022
    _uuid: f3c9d456-8919-4504-9d2e-ba2edd7f3409
    reftype: Journal Article
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    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Collie, J.S. \rA.D. Wood\rH.P. Jeffries"
    DOI: 10.1139/F08-048
    Issue: 7
    Journal: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
    Pages: 1352-1365
    Title: Long-term shifts in the species composition of a coastal fish community.
    URL: http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/F08-048
    Volume: 65
    Year: 2008
    _chapter: '["Ch. 24: Oceans FINAL","Ch. 8: Ecosystems FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 1069
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Karpechko, Alexey Y.; Manzini, Elisa'
    DOI: 10.1029/2011JD017036
    Issue: D5
    Journal: Journal of Geophysical Research
    Keywords: Brewer-Dobson circulation; ENSO; climate change; climate models; northern annular mode; stratosphere; 1620 Climate dynamics; 1626 Global climate models; 3362 Stratosphere/troposphere interactions; 3363 Stratospheric dynamics; 4522 ENSO
    Pages: D05133
    Title: Stratospheric influence on tropospheric climate change in the Northern Hemisphere
    Volume: 117
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 20550
    _uuid: f3d3f66d-55be-4ab8-8755-27cbaff70375
    reftype: Journal Article
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  uri: /reference/f3d3f66d-55be-4ab8-8755-27cbaff70375
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    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'WMO,'
    Institution: 'World Meteorological Organization '
    Pages: 88
    Place Published: 'Geneva, Switzerland'
    Series Title: World Meteorological Organization
    Series Volume: Report No. 56
    Title: 'Assessment for decision-makers: Scientific asssessment of ozone depletion: 2014'
    URL: http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/ozone_2014/documents/ADM_2014OzoneAssessment_Final.pdf
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 22036
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