---
- attrs:
    Author: 'Goode, Jaime R.; Luce, Charles H.; Buffington, John M.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.06.021
    Date: 2012/02/15/
    ISSN: 0169-555X
    Journal: Geomorphology
    Keywords: Sediment yield; Climate change; Wildfire; Forest roads; Aquatic habitat; Idaho batholith
    Pages: 1-15
    Title: 'Enhanced sediment delivery in a changing climate in semi-arid mountain basins: Implications for water resource management and aquatic habitat in the northern Rocky Mountains'
    Volume: 139
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 21490
    _uuid: 06553223-ed2b-494a-956f-b2ba386f25c1
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.06.021
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/06553223-ed2b-494a-956f-b2ba386f25c1.yaml
  identifier: 06553223-ed2b-494a-956f-b2ba386f25c1
  uri: /reference/06553223-ed2b-494a-956f-b2ba386f25c1
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'America’s Pledge,'
    Institution: America’s Pledge Project
    Title: 'America’s Pledge Phase 1 Report: States, Cities, and Businesses in the United States Are Stepping Up on Climate Action'
    URL: https://www.bbhub.io/dotorg/sites/28/2017/11/AmericasPledgePhaseOneReportWeb.pdf
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 545
    _uuid: 0661338e-3bf9-43f8-94c7-c36d07eb9093
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/americas-pledge-phase-1-report-states-cities-businesses-united-states-are-stepping-up-on-climate-action
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0661338e-3bf9-43f8-94c7-c36d07eb9093.yaml
  identifier: 0661338e-3bf9-43f8-94c7-c36d07eb9093
  uri: /reference/0661338e-3bf9-43f8-94c7-c36d07eb9093
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 1
    Author: "Rosenzweig, C.\rSolecki, W.D."
    Place Published: 'New York, New York'
    Publisher: Columbia Earth Institute
    Reviewer: 06618823-29b7-4c75-9736-afc7ae3a2b81
    Series Editor: "Rosenzweig, C.\rSolecki, W.D."
    Title: 'Climate Change and a Global City: The Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change – Metro East Coast'
    Year: 2001
    _chapter: '["Ch. 16: Northeast FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 2681
    _uuid: 06618823-29b7-4c75-9736-afc7ae3a2b81
    reftype: Book
  child_publication: /report/earthinstitute-climatechange-globalcity-2001
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/06618823-29b7-4c75-9736-afc7ae3a2b81.yaml
  identifier: 06618823-29b7-4c75-9736-afc7ae3a2b81
  uri: /reference/06618823-29b7-4c75-9736-afc7ae3a2b81
- attrs:
    Abstract: "Achieving health benefits while reducing greenhouse gas emissions from transport offers a potential policy win-win; the magnitude of potential benefits, however, is likely to vary. This study uses an Integrated Transport and Health Impact Modelling tool (ITHIM) to evaluate the health and environmental impacts of high walking and cycling transport scenarios for English and Welsh urban areas outside London. Methods Three scenarios with increased walking and cycling and lower car use were generated based upon the Visions 2030 Walking and Cycling project. Changes to carbon dioxide emissions were estimated by environmental modelling. Health impact assessment modelling was used to estimate changes in Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) resulting from changes in exposure to air pollution, road traffic injury risk, and physical activity. We compare the findings of the model with results generated using the World Health Organization's Health Economic Assessment of Transport (HEAT) tools. Results This study found considerable reductions in disease burden under all three scenarios, with the largest health benefits attributed to reductions in ischemic heart disease. The pathways that produced the largest benefits were, in order, physical activity, road traffic injuries, and air pollution. The choice of dose response relationship for physical activity had a large impact on the size of the benefits. Modelling the impact on all-cause mortality rather than through individual diseases suggested larger benefits. Using the best available evidence we found fewer road traffic injuries for all scenarios compared with baseline but alternative assumptions suggested potential increases. Conclusions Methods to estimate the health impacts from transport related physical activity and injury risk are in their infancy; this study has demonstrated an integration of transport and health impact modelling approaches. The findings add to the case for a move from car transport to walking and cycling, and have implications for empirical and modelling research."
    Author: 'Woodcock, James; Givoni, Moshe; Morgan, Andrei Scott'
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051462
    Issue: 1
    Journal: PLOS ONE
    Pages: e51462
    Publisher: Public Library of Science
    Title: Health impact modelling of active travel visions for England and Wales using an integrated transport and health impact modelling tool (ITHIM)
    Volume: 8
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 21211
    _uuid: 06634d89-c838-4a06-ad76-6fca7deef5c0
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1371/journal.pone.0051462
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/06634d89-c838-4a06-ad76-6fca7deef5c0.yaml
  identifier: 06634d89-c838-4a06-ad76-6fca7deef5c0
  uri: /reference/06634d89-c838-4a06-ad76-6fca7deef5c0
- attrs:
    Author: 'Stephens, Scott L.; Ruth, Lawrence W.'
    DOI: 10.1890/04-0545
    ISSN: 1939-5582
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Ecological Applications
    Keywords: fire hazard; fire suppression; forest policy; fuels management; U.S. government policy; wildfire
    Pages: 532-542
    Publisher: Ecological Society of America
    Title: Federal forest-fire policy in the United States
    Volume: 15
    Year: 2005
    _record_number: 23862
    _uuid: 0663f8bd-4d46-4420-9555-95b752917ba6
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1890/04-0545
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0663f8bd-4d46-4420-9555-95b752917ba6.yaml
  identifier: 0663f8bd-4d46-4420-9555-95b752917ba6
  uri: /reference/0663f8bd-4d46-4420-9555-95b752917ba6
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Smith, Hugh G.; Sheridan, Gary J.; Lane, Patrick N.J.; Nyman, Petter; Haydon, Shane'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.10.043
    ISSN: 0022-1694
    Issue: 1-2
    Journal: Journal of Hydrology
    Pages: 170-192
    Title: 'Wildfire effects on water quality in forest catchments: A review with implications for water supply'
    Volume: 396
    Year: 2011
    _record_number: 19194
    _uuid: 0672db18-6b8a-4ab4-8b21-0f62dcdcc3e2
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.10.043
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0672db18-6b8a-4ab4-8b21-0f62dcdcc3e2.yaml
  identifier: 0672db18-6b8a-4ab4-8b21-0f62dcdcc3e2
  uri: /reference/0672db18-6b8a-4ab4-8b21-0f62dcdcc3e2
- attrs:
    Accession Number: WOS:000355201800003
    Alternate Title: Environ Res Lett
    Author: 'Lin, J. Y.; Hu, Y. C.; Cui, S. H.; Kang, J. F.; Ramaswami, A.'
    Author Address: "Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Urban Environm, Key Lab Urban Environm & Hlth, Xiamen 361021, Peoples R China\rXiamen Key Lab Urban Metab, Xiamen 361021, Peoples R China\rUniv Minnesota, Humphrey Sch Publ Affairs, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA"
    DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/10/5/054001
    Date: May
    ISSN: 1748-9326
    Issue: 5
    Journal: Environmental Research Letters
    Keywords: urban carbon footprint; emissions embodied in trade; production-based accounting; consumption-based accounting; purely geographic accounting; greenhouse-gas inventories; city-scale; emissions; cities; opportunities; china
    Language: English
    Title: Tracking urban carbon footprints from production and consumption perspectives
    Volume: 10
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 783
    _uuid: 0673054d-f5e4-48c2-9254-e7a0fe30b13a
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0673054d-f5e4-48c2-9254-e7a0fe30b13a.yaml
  identifier: 0673054d-f5e4-48c2-9254-e7a0fe30b13a
  uri: /reference/0673054d-f5e4-48c2-9254-e7a0fe30b13a
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Bodaly, R.A.; Rudd, J.W.M.; Fudge, R.J.P.; Kelly, C.A.'
    DOI: 10.1139/f93-113
    ISSN: 1205-7533
    Issue: 5
    Journal: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
    Pages: 980-987
    Title: Mercury concentrations in fish related to size of remote Canadian shield lakes
    Volume: 50
    Year: 1993
    _record_number: 19342
    _uuid: 0677152e-5892-427e-967b-540e16d30628
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1139/f93-113
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0677152e-5892-427e-967b-540e16d30628.yaml
  identifier: 0677152e-5892-427e-967b-540e16d30628
  uri: /reference/0677152e-5892-427e-967b-540e16d30628
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Global climate change is expected to affect the frequency, intensity and duration of extreme water-related weather events such as excessive precipitation, floods, and drought. We conducted a systematic review to examine waterborne outbreaks following such events and explored their distribution between the different types of extreme water-related weather events. Four medical and meteorological databases (Medline, Embase, GeoRef, PubMed) and a global electronic reporting system (ProMED) were searched, from 1910 to 2010. Eighty-seven waterborne outbreaks involving extreme water-related weather events were identified and included, alongside 235 ProMED reports. Heavy rainfall and flooding were the most common events preceding outbreaks associated with extreme weather and were reported in 55.2% and 52.9% of accounts, respectively. The most common pathogens reported in these outbreaks were Vibrio spp. (21.6%) and Leptospira spp. (12.7%). Outbreaks following extreme water-related weather events were often the result of contamination of the drinking-water supply (53.7%). Differences in reporting of outbreaks were seen between the scientific literature and ProMED. Extreme water-related weather events represent a risk to public health in both developed and developing countries, but impact will be disproportionate and likely to compound existing health disparities.'
    Author: 'Cann, K. F.; Thomas, D. R.; Salmon, R. L.; Wyn-Jones, A. P.; Kay, D.'
    DOI: 10.1017/s0950268812001653
    Date: Apr
    ISSN: 1469-4409
    Issue: 04
    Journal: Epidemiology & Infection
    Keywords: Climate Change/ statistics & numerical data; Communicable Diseases/ epidemiology; Disease Outbreaks; Drinking Water/ microbiology; Floods; Humans; Leptospira; Leptospirosis/epidemiology; Public Health; Rain; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections/epidemiology; Water Supply; Weather
    Language: eng
    Notes: "Cann, K F Thomas, D Rh Salmon, R L Wyn-Jones, A P Kay, D Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review England Epidemiol Infect. 2013 Apr;141(4):671-86. doi: 10.1017/S0950268812001653. Epub 2012 Aug 9."
    Pages: 671-686
    Title: Extreme water-related weather events and waterborne disease
    Volume: 141
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 4198
    _uuid: 067c087d-ac72-448f-8a8f-c554d7897519
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1017/s0950268812001653
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/067c087d-ac72-448f-8a8f-c554d7897519.yaml
  identifier: 067c087d-ac72-448f-8a8f-c554d7897519
  uri: /reference/067c087d-ac72-448f-8a8f-c554d7897519
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Perica, Sanja; Deborah Martin; Sandra Pavlovic; Ishani Roy; Michael St. Laurent; Carl Trypaluk; Dale Unruh; Michael Yekta; Geoffrey Bonnin '
    Institution: NOAA National Weather Service
    Pages: various
    Place Published: 'Silver Spring, MD'
    Series Volume: NOAA Atlas 14 Volume 9
    Title: 'Precipitation-Frequency Atlas of the United States. Volume 9 Version 2.0:  Southeastern States (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi) '
    URL: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/oh/hdsc/PF_documents/Atlas14_Volume9.pdf
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 24406
    _uuid: 0685a072-6516-4a47-80ad-cbbd75fd4dcc
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/precipitation-frequency-atlas-united-states-volume-9-version-20-southeastern-states-alabama-arkansas-florida-georgia-louisiana-mississippi
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0685a072-6516-4a47-80ad-cbbd75fd4dcc.yaml
  identifier: 0685a072-6516-4a47-80ad-cbbd75fd4dcc
  uri: /reference/0685a072-6516-4a47-80ad-cbbd75fd4dcc
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 1
    Author: "Morgan, M.G.\rBaruch Fischhoff\rAnn Bostrom\rCynthia J. Atman"
    ISBN: 9780521002561
    Pages: 366
    Place Published: 'Cambridge, UK'
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press
    Reviewer: 069141e7-5abf-4072-946d-00fd9369b0b8
    Title: 'Risk Communication: A Mental Models Approach'
    Year: 2002
    _chapter: '["Ch. 26: Decision Support FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 4473
    _uuid: 069141e7-5abf-4072-946d-00fd9369b0b8
    reftype: Book
  child_publication: /book/f475a086-eb65-4462-9261-2dae639c9483
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/069141e7-5abf-4072-946d-00fd9369b0b8.yaml
  identifier: 069141e7-5abf-4072-946d-00fd9369b0b8
  uri: /reference/069141e7-5abf-4072-946d-00fd9369b0b8
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Until recently, most writings on the relationship between climate change and security were highly speculative. The IPCC assessment reports to date offer little if any guidance on this issue and occasionally pay excessive attention to questionable sources. The articles published in this special issue form the largest collection of peer-reviewed writings on the topic to date. The number of such studies remains small compared to those that make up the natural science base of the climate issue, and there is some confusion whether it is the effect of ‘climate’ or ‘weather’ that is being tested. The results of the studies vary, and firm conclusions cannot always be drawn. Nevertheless, research in this area has made considerable progress. More attention is being paid to the specific causal mechanisms linking climate change to conflict, such as changes in rainfall and temperature, natural disasters, and economic growth. Systematic climate data are used in most of the articles and climate projections in some. Several studies are going beyond state-based conflict to look at possible implications for other kinds of violence, such as intercommunal conflict. Overall, the research reported here offers only limited support for viewing climate change as an important influence on armed conflict. However, framing the climate issue as a security problem could possibly influence the perceptions of the actors and contribute to a self-fulfilling prophecy.'
    Author: 'Gleditsch, Nils Petter'
    DOI: 10.1177/0022343311431288
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Journal of Peace Research
    Keywords: 'armed conflict,climate change,security,war'
    Pages: 3-9
    Title: 'Whither the weather? Climate change and conflict'
    Volume: 49
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 22075
    _uuid: 069f4158-18f0-475d-a33e-8b21a935be8c
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1177/0022343311431288
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/069f4158-18f0-475d-a33e-8b21a935be8c.yaml
  identifier: 069f4158-18f0-475d-a33e-8b21a935be8c
  uri: /reference/069f4158-18f0-475d-a33e-8b21a935be8c
- attrs:
    Author: 'Phoenix, Gareth K.; Bjerke, Jarle W.'
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13261
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Issue: 9
    Journal: Global Change Biology
    Pages: 2960-2962
    Title: 'Arctic browning: extreme events and trends reversing Arctic greening'
    Volume: 22
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 1947
    _uuid: 069f749c-8be7-46e3-abe2-39f9f42632d8
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/069f749c-8be7-46e3-abe2-39f9f42632d8.yaml
  identifier: 069f749c-8be7-46e3-abe2-39f9f42632d8
  uri: /reference/069f749c-8be7-46e3-abe2-39f9f42632d8
- attrs:
    Author: 'Poff, N. LeRoy; Brown, Casey M.; Grantham, Theodore E.; Matthews, John H.; Palmer, Margaret A.; Spence, Caitlin M.; Wilby, Robert L.; Haasnoot, Marjolijn; Mendoza, Guillermo F.; Dominique, Kathleen C.; Baeza, Andres'
    DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2765
    Date: 09/14/online
    Journal: Nature Climate Change
    Pages: 25-34
    Publisher: 'Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.'
    Title: Sustainable water management under future uncertainty with eco-engineering decision scaling
    Type of Article: Perspective
    Volume: 6
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 25380
    _uuid: 06a06d22-1901-4f9f-8cd3-dddf61894c05
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1038/nclimate2765
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/06a06d22-1901-4f9f-8cd3-dddf61894c05.yaml
  identifier: 06a06d22-1901-4f9f-8cd3-dddf61894c05
  uri: /reference/06a06d22-1901-4f9f-8cd3-dddf61894c05
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 1
    Author: 'NRC,'
    ISBN: 0309103312
    Number of Pages: 154
    Place Published: 'Washington, D.C.'
    Publisher: National Research Council. The National Academy Press
    Reviewer: 06a53f5f-3202-4a61-b990-2115eb25c28f
    Title: 'Understanding Multiple Environmental Stresses: Report of a Workshop'
    URL: http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11748
    Year: 2007
    _chapter: '["Ch. 6: Agriculture FINAL","Ch. 28: Adaptation FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 2290
    _uuid: 06a53f5f-3202-4a61-b990-2115eb25c28f
    reftype: Book
  child_publication: /report/nrc-multiplestresses-2007
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/06a53f5f-3202-4a61-b990-2115eb25c28f.yaml
  identifier: 06a53f5f-3202-4a61-b990-2115eb25c28f
  uri: /reference/06a53f5f-3202-4a61-b990-2115eb25c28f
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    .text_styles: '<record><field id="4"><run start="0" /><run face="italic" start="102" /><run start="117" /></field></record>'
    Author: 'USFWS,'
    Issue: 95
    Journal: Federal Register
    Pages: 28211-28303
    Title: Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; determination of threatened status for the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) throughout its range. Final rule. U.S. Fish Wildlife Service
    URL: http://www.fws.gov/policy/library/2008/E8-11105.html
    Volume: 73
    Year: 2008
    _chapter: '["Ch. 8: Ecosystems FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 4167
    _uuid: 06a5edc4-eb31-458f-913e-1ea0f86b0283
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/federal-register-fr15my08-18
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/06a5edc4-eb31-458f-913e-1ea0f86b0283.yaml
  identifier: 06a5edc4-eb31-458f-913e-1ea0f86b0283
  uri: /reference/06a5edc4-eb31-458f-913e-1ea0f86b0283
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Larvacean (=appendicularian) and pteropod (Limacina helicina) composition and abundance were studied with physical variables each May and late summer across 11 years (2001–2011), along a transect that crosses the continental shelf of the sub-Arctic Gulf of Alaska (GoA) and five stations within Prince William Sound (PWS). Collection with 53-µm plankton nets allowed the identification of larvaceans to species: five occurred in the study area. Temperature was the driving variable in determining larvacean community composition, yielding pronounced differences between spring and late summer, while individual species were also affected differentially by salinity and chlorophyll-a concentration. During the spring Oikopleura labradoriensis and Fritillaria borealis were most abundant, being present at all stations. Late summer had highest abundances of Oikopleura dioica at nearshore stations, while F. borealis dominated numerically at outer stations. The 53-µm plankton nets collected higher abundances of Oikopleura spp., Fritillaria spp. and L. helicina than coarser 150- and 505-µm plankton nets. Limacina helicina abundance had a significant interaction effect among years, seasons and station location. Limacina helicina abundance in nearby PWS explained 30% of the variability in pink salmon survival; however, no significant correlations existed with larvacean or L. helicina abundances from the GoA stations.'
    Author: 'Doubleday, Ayla J.; Hopcroft, Russell R.'
    DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbu092
    ISSN: 0142-7873
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Journal of Plankton Research
    Notes: 10.1093/plankt/fbu092
    Pages: 134-150
    Title: 'Interannual patterns during spring and late summer of larvaceans and pteropods in the coastal Gulf of Alaska, and their relationship to pink salmon survival'
    Volume: 37
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 24671
    _uuid: 06a757e6-0c59-4e75-8e64-5579cef18964
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1093/plankt/fbu092
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/06a757e6-0c59-4e75-8e64-5579cef18964.yaml
  identifier: 06a757e6-0c59-4e75-8e64-5579cef18964
  uri: /reference/06a757e6-0c59-4e75-8e64-5579cef18964
- attrs:
    Abstract: "In Palau, calcification rates of two reef-building coral genera (Porites and Favia) are maintained across a strong natural gradient in aragonite saturation state (Ωar) ranging from 3.7 to 2.3. This observation contrasts the strong sensitivity to decreasing Ωar that these genera demonstrate in both laboratory CO2 manipulation experiments and in field studies. Moreover, in contrast to other naturally more acidic coral reefs, benthic communities in Palau's low-Ωar (Ωar = 2.3) Rock Island reefs display ecological indices consistent with healthy communities. A laboratory CO2 manipulation experiment and a field-based reciprocal transplant were used to investigate whether the apparent lack of sensitivity to ocean acidification of Palau's Porites corals can be attributed to local adaptation to chronic acidification or to environmental factors that allow corals to thrive despite extreme pH conditions. In a two-month laboratory incubation, calcification rates of Palau Porites from both environments were insensitive to changes in Ωar over the range 1.5 to 3.0, suggestive of an adaptive, rather than environmental, mechanism for acidification tolerance. However, in the reciprocal transplant, corals transplanted between reefs at different ambient Ωar levels showed significant declines in calcification rates and high mortality, while corals returned back to their reef of origin were alive after 17 months in the field. Interpreted within the framework of the experimental result, the failure of pH/Ωar-tolerant corals to successfully transplant between different reef sites hints at local adaptation to other (non-pH) environmental factors such as light, temperature, and/or flow that co-vary with Ωar across Palau's natural acidification gradient."
    Author: 'Barkley, Hannah C.; Cohen, Anne L.; McCorkle, Daniel C.; Golbuu, Yimnang'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jembe.2017.01.003
    Database Provider: ScienceDirect
    Date: 2017/04//
    ISSN: 0022-0981
    Journal: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
    Keywords: Adaptation; Palau; Ocean acidification; Calcification; Corals; Reciprocal transplant
    Pages: 7-14
    Title: Mechanisms and thresholds for pH tolerance in Palau corals
    Volume: 489
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 22383
    _uuid: 06b7a4b5-9c7e-42de-8dee-c54d443a2af3
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.jembe.2017.01.003
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/06b7a4b5-9c7e-42de-8dee-c54d443a2af3.yaml
  identifier: 06b7a4b5-9c7e-42de-8dee-c54d443a2af3
  uri: /reference/06b7a4b5-9c7e-42de-8dee-c54d443a2af3
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'There has been much recent published research about a putative “pause” or “hiatus” in global warming. We show that there are frequent fluctuations in the rate of warming around a longer-term warming trend, and that there is no evidence that identifies the recent period as unique or particularly unusual. In confirmation, we show that the notion of a pause in warming is considered to be misleading in a blind expert test. Nonetheless, the most recent fluctuation about the longer-term trend has been regarded by many as an explanatory challenge that climate science must resolve. This departs from long-standing practice, insofar as scientists have long recognized that the climate fluctuates, that linear increases in CO2 do not produce linear trends in global warming, and that 15-yr (or shorter) periods are not diagnostic of long-term trends. We suggest that the repetition of the “warming has paused” message by contrarians was adopted by the scientific community in its problem-solving and answer-seeking role and has led to undue focus on, and mislabeling of, a recent fluctuation. We present an alternative framing that could have avoided inadvertently reinforcing a misleading claim.'
    Author: Stephan Lewandowsky; James S. Risbey; Naomi Oreskes
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00106.1
    Issue: 5
    Journal: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
    Pages: 723-733
    Title: 'The “pause” in global warming: Turning a routine fluctuation into a problem for science'
    Volume: 97
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 19435
    _uuid: 06be584c-b7c6-4c08-8792-caf54bf51a43
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00106.1
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    Author: "Groffman, Peter M.\rKareiva, Peter\rCarter, Shawn\rGrimm, Nancy B.\rLawler, Josh\rMack, Michelle\rMatzek, Virginia\rTallis, Heather"
    Book Title: 'Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment'
    DOI: 10.7930/J0TD9V7H
    Editor: "Melillo, Jerry M.\rTerese (T.C.) Richmond,\rYohe, Gary W."
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    Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program
    Reviewer: c343ebfa-929a-4ae6-b4ca-7e3a067e374a
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    Year: 2014
    _uuid: 06c813a1-566a-453a-84f3-eb1837f1d87a
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    Institution: United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR)
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- attrs:
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    Access Year: 2010
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    Last Update Date: December 2010
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    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Climate warming has produced stronger winds along some coasts, a result of growing differences in temperature and pressure between land and sea. These winds cause cold nutrient-rich seawater to rise to the surface, affecting climate and fueling marine productivity. Sydeman et al. examined data from the five major world regions where upwelling is occurring. Particularly in the California, Humboldt, and Benguela upwelling systems, winds have become stronger over the past 60 years. These regions represent up to a fifth of wild marine fish catches and are hot spots of biodiversity.Science, this issue p. 77 In 1990, Andrew Bakun proposed that increasing greenhouse gas concentrations would force intensification of upwelling-favorable winds in eastern boundary current systems that contribute substantial services to society. Because there is considerable disagreement about whether contemporary wind trends support Bakun’s hypothesis, we performed a meta-analysis of the literature on upwelling-favorable wind intensification. The preponderance of published analyses suggests that winds have intensified in the California, Benguela, and Humboldt upwelling systems and weakened in the Iberian system over time scales ranging up to 60 years; wind change is equivocal in the Canary system. Stronger intensification signals are observed at higher latitudes, consistent with the warming pattern associated with climate change. Overall, reported changes in coastal winds, although subtle and spatially variable, support Bakun’s hypothesis of upwelling intensification in eastern boundary current systems.'
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    _uuid: 06d864fa-6364-4181-bfdf-89dc159ec612
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    PMID: 8208234
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- attrs:
    Abstract: "Their higher production performance and feed conversion efficiency make today's chickens more susceptible to heat stress than ever before. The increasing proportion of poultry production in tropical and subtropical regions makes it necessary to reconsider the long-term selection strategy of today's commercial breeding programmes. Also, the importance of the potential use of Naked neck and Frizzle genes is accentuated. Nutritional strategies aimed to alleviate the negative effects of heat stress by maintaining feed intake, electrolytic and water balance or by supplementing micronutrients such as Vitamins and minerals to satisfy the special needs during heat stress have been proven advantageous. To enhance the birds' thermotolerance by early heat conditioning or feed restriction seems to be one of the most promising management methods in enhancing the heat resistance of broiler chickens in the short run."
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    Database Provider: Cambridge University Press
    EPub Date: 09/01
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    Journal: World's Poultry Science Journal
    Keywords: heat stress; heat tolerance; naked neck gene; major gene; Vitamin; electrolyte; feeding; environment
    Name of Database: Cambridge Core
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    Publisher: Cambridge University Press on behalf of World's Poultry Science Association
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- attrs:
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
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    DOI: 10.1126/science.1099619
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    Journal: Science
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    Year: 2004
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    _uuid: 06f42044-ef11-45ad-8df5-4eabf2cd4e2f
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- attrs:
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    Year: 2010
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- attrs:
    Author: 'Plourde, James D.; Pijanowski, Bryan C.; Pekin, Burak K.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2012.11.011
    Date: 2013/01/15/
    ISSN: 0167-8809
    Journal: 'Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment'
    Keywords: Cropland data layer; Crop footprint changes; Crop rotation
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    Title: Evidence for increased monoculture cropping in the Central United States
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    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 21600
    _uuid: 06f600a8-f608-466f-810a-ae3bf83af74b
    reftype: Journal Article
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- attrs:
    Abstract: 'In this Focus article, the authors ask a seemingly simple question: Are harmful algal blooms (HABs) becoming the greatest inland water quality threat to public health and aquatic ecosystems? When HAB events require restrictions on fisheries, recreation, and drinking water uses of inland water bodies significant economic consequences result. Unfortunately, the magnitude, frequency, and duration of HABs in inland waters are poorly understood across spatiotemporal scales and differentially engaged among states, tribes, and territories. Harmful algal bloom impacts are not as predictable as those from conventional chemical contaminants, for which water quality assessment and management programs were primarily developed, because interactions among multiple natural and anthropogenic factors determine the likelihood and severity to which a HAB will occur in a specific water body. These forcing factors can also affect toxin production. Beyond site-specific water quality degradation caused directly by HABs, the presence of HAB toxins can negatively influence routine surface water quality monitoring, assessment, and management practices. Harmful algal blooms present significant challenges for achieving water quality protection and restoration goals when these toxins confound interpretation of monitoring results and environmental quality standards implementation efforts for other chemicals and stressors. Whether HABs presently represent the greatest threat to inland water quality is debatable, though in inland waters of developed countries they typically cause more severe acute impacts to environmental quality than conventional chemical contamination events. The authors identify several timely research needs. Environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry, and risk-assessment expertise must interface with ecologists, engineers, and public health practitioners to engage the complexities of HAB assessment and management, to address the forcing factors for HAB formation, and to reduce the threats posed to inland surface water quality. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:6–13. © 2015 SETAC'
    Author: 'Brooks, Bryan W.; Lazorchak, James M.; Howard, Meredith D.A.; Johnson, Mari-Vaughn V.; Morton, Steve L.; Perkins, Dawn A.K.; Reavie, Euan D.; Scott, Geoffrey I.; Smith, Stephanie A.; Steevens, Jeffery A.'
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    Issue: 1
    Journal: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
    Pages: 6-13
    Title: Are harmful algal blooms becoming the greatest inland water quality threat to public health and aquatic ecosystems?
    Volume: 35
    Year: 2016
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    reftype: Journal Article
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Hausfather, Z. \rM. J. Menne\rC. N. Williams\rT. Masters\rR. Broberg\rD. Jones"
    DOI: 10.1029/2012JD018509
    Issue: 2
    Journal: 'Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres'
    Pages: 481-494
    Title: Quantifying the effect of urbanization on U.S. historical climatology network temperature records
    Volume: 118
    Year: 2013
    _chapter: '["Appendix 3: Climate Science FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 3529
    _uuid: 0701a5ad-cdb2-4b10-8e39-802bb96fcb57
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1029/2012JD018509
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0701a5ad-cdb2-4b10-8e39-802bb96fcb57.yaml
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  uri: /reference/0701a5ad-cdb2-4b10-8e39-802bb96fcb57
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Coastal marshes are considered to be among the most valuable and vulnerable ecosystems on Earth, where the imminent loss of ecosystem services is a feared consequence of sea level rise. However, we show with a meta-analysis that global measurements of marsh elevation change indicate that marshes are generally building at rates similar to or exceeding historical sea level rise, and that process-based models predict survival under a wide range of future sea level scenarios. We argue that marsh vulnerability tends to be overstated because assessment methods often fail to consider biophysical feedback processes known to accelerate soil building with sea level rise, and the potential for marshes to migrate inland.'
    Author: 'Kirwan, Matthew L.; Temmerman, Stijn; Skeehan, Emily E.; Guntenspergen, Glenn R.; Fagherazzi, Sergio'
    DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2909
    Date: 03//print
    ISSN: 1758-678X
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Nature Climate Change
    Pages: 253-260
    Publisher: 'Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.'
    Title: Overestimation of marsh vulnerability to sea level rise
    Type of Article: Perspective
    Volume: 6
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 21759
    _uuid: 0702b6c9-25a7-4185-a48d-c0b5579275b6
    reftype: Journal Article
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Hurteau, Matthew D.\rBrooks, Matthew L."
    DOI: 10.1525/bio.2011.61.2.9
    Issue: 2
    Journal: BioScience
    Pages: 139-146
    Title: 'Short- and long-term effects of fire on carbon in US dry temperate forest systems'
    URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/bio.2011.61.2.9
    Volume: 61
    Year: 2011
    _chapter: '["Ch. 20: Southwest FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 3611
    _uuid: 0703cb0a-1c42-4dec-98ab-25fa2bdc6ff9
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- attrs:
    Author: 'Wang, Zhaohui Aleck; Wanninkhof, Rik; Cai, Wei-Jun; Byrne, Robert H.; Hu, Xinping; Peng, Tsung-Hung; Huang, Wei-Jen'
    DOI: 10.4319/lo.2013.58.1.0325
    ISSN: 1939-5590
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Limnology and Oceanography
    Pages: 325-342
    Title: 'The marine inorganic carbon system along the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coasts of the United States: Insights from a transregional coastal carbon study'
    Volume: 58
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 21698
    _uuid: 07043123-9da3-43da-a9fa-36885cd77331
    reftype: Journal Article
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  identifier: 07043123-9da3-43da-a9fa-36885cd77331
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- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Environmental justice is concerned with an equitable distribution of environmental burdens. These burdens comprise immediate health hazards as well as subtle inequities, such as limited access to healthy foods.We reviewed the literature on neighborhood disparities in access to fast-food outlets and convenience stores. Low-income neighborhoods offered greater access to food sources that promote unhealthy eating. The distribution of fast-food outlets and convenience stores differed by the racial/ethnic characteristics of the neighborhood.Further research is needed to address the limitations of current studies, identify effective policy actions to achieve environmental justice, and evaluate intervention strategies to promote lifelong healthy eating habits, optimum health, and vibrant communities.'
    Author: 'Hilmers, Angela; David C. Hilmers; Jayna Dave'
    DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2012.300865
    Issue: 9
    Journal: American Journal of Public Health
    Pages: 1644-1654
    Title: Neighborhood disparities in access to healthy foods and their effects on environmental justice
    Volume: 102
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 23778
    _uuid: 071375c1-b1f9-4f23-8177-7736a404b2fb
    reftype: Journal Article
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    Author: 'Ritóková, Gabriela; Shaw, David; Filip, Greg; Kanaskie, Alan; Browning, John; Norlander, Danny'
    DOI: 10.3390/f7080155
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    Issue: 8
    Journal: Forests
    Pages: 155
    Title: 'Swiss needle cast in western Oregon douglas-fir plantations: 20‐Year monitoring results'
    Volume: 7
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 24627
    _uuid: 07175887-f623-4d52-b0b1-2c1dee834272
    reftype: Journal Article
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 7
    Author: "Pfeifer, R.A.\rM. Habeck"
    Book Title: Effects of Climate Change and Variability on Agricultural Production Systems
    Editor: "Doering, Otto C., III \rJ.C. Randolph\rJane Southworth\rRebecca A. Pfeifer"
    ISBN: 9781402070280
    Pages: 159-177
    Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Reviewer: 071bdf37-99d9-47e9-a89f-830cbb28f60c
    Title: Farm-level economic impacts of climate change
    Year: 2002
    _chapter: '["Ch. 6: Agriculture FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 3956
    _uuid: 071bdf37-99d9-47e9-a89f-830cbb28f60c
    reftype: Book Section
  child_publication: /book/0260d3c1-cd9f-4a8d-a63f-50af49a961ad
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/071bdf37-99d9-47e9-a89f-830cbb28f60c.yaml
  identifier: 071bdf37-99d9-47e9-a89f-830cbb28f60c
  uri: /reference/071bdf37-99d9-47e9-a89f-830cbb28f60c
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'This paper discusses the scale at which the weather is experienced and modified by human activities in urban environment. The climates of built-up areas differ from their non-urban counterparts in many aspect: wind-flows, radiation, humidity, precipitation and air quality all change in the presence of human settlement, transforming each city into a singularity within its regional weather system. Yet this pervasive category of anthropogenic climate change has always tended to be hidden and difficult to discern. The paper first describes the sequence of discovery of the urban heat island since the early nineteenth century, and the emergence and consolidation of a scientific field devoted to the climatology of cities. This is followed by a discussion of various attempts to apply knowledge of climatic factors to the design and management of settlement. We find that real-world application of urban climatology has met with limited success. However, the conclusion suggests that global climate change gives a new visibility and practical relevance to urban-scale climate science.'
    Author: 'Jankovic, V.; Hebbert, M.'
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-012-0429-1
    Database Provider: 'CCII Web of Science '
    Date: Jul
    ISSN: 0165-0009
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Climatic Change
    Language: English
    NIHMSID: ' NIEHS'
    Name of Database: ' '
    Notes: "Times Cited: 0\rJankovic, Vladimir Hebbert, Michael\rEconomic and Social Research Council [RES-062-23-2134]\rWe gratefully acknowledge the support of the Economic and Social Research Council which supported the "
    Pages: 23-33
    Research Notes: 'CCII Unique '
    Title: Hidden climate change—Urban meteorology and the scales of real weather
    Type of Article: Article
    Volume: 113
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 4599
    _uuid: 0724d103-77d6-4bf8-81cb-9c024e9b4624
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-012-0429-1
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  identifier: 0724d103-77d6-4bf8-81cb-9c024e9b4624
  uri: /reference/0724d103-77d6-4bf8-81cb-9c024e9b4624
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 7
    Author: 'Knutson, T.; J.P. Kossin; C. Mears; J. Perlwitz; M.F. Wehner'
    Book Title: 'Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I'
    DOI: 10.7930/J01834ND
    Editor: 'Wuebbles, D.J.; D.W. Fahey; K.A. Hibbard; D.J. Dokken; B.C. Stewart; T.K. Maycock'
    Pages: 114-132
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC, USA'
    Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program
    Title: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 21561
    _uuid: 0725eae6-7458-4ec2-8f66-880d88118148
    reftype: Book Section
  child_publication: /report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/detection-attribution
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0725eae6-7458-4ec2-8f66-880d88118148.yaml
  identifier: 0725eae6-7458-4ec2-8f66-880d88118148
  uri: /reference/0725eae6-7458-4ec2-8f66-880d88118148
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Wendler, G.\rL. Chen\rB. Moore"
    DOI: 10.2174/1874282301206010111
    ISSN: 1874-2823
    Journal: The Open Atmospheric Science Journal
    Pages: 111-116
    Title: 'The first decade of the new century: A cooling trend for most of Alaska'
    URL: http://benthamscience.com/open/toascj/articles/V006/111TOASCJ.pdf
    Volume: 6
    Year: 2012
    _chapter: '["RG 7 Alaska","Ch. 22: Alaska FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 4674
    _uuid: 072eefa8-984a-454d-a41d-a67217b6edca
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.2174/1874282301206010111
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/072eefa8-984a-454d-a41d-a67217b6edca.yaml
  identifier: 072eefa8-984a-454d-a41d-a67217b6edca
  uri: /reference/072eefa8-984a-454d-a41d-a67217b6edca
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'The Australian weed risk assessment has been promoted as a simple and effective screening tool that can help prevent the entry of weeds and invasive plants into new areas. On average, the Australian model identifies major-invaders more accurately than it does non-invaders (90% vs. 70% accuracy). While this difference in performance emphasizes protection, the overall accuracy of the model will be determined by its performance with non-invaders because the frequency of invasive species among new plant introductions is relatively low. In this study, we develop a new weed risk assessment model for the entire United States that increases non-invader accuracy. The new screening tool uses two elements of risk, establishment/spread potential and impact potential, in a logistic regression model to evaluate the invasive/weedy potential of a species. We selected 204 non-invaders, minor-invaders, and major-invaders to develop and validate the new model, and compare its performance to the Australian model using the same set of species. Performing better than the Australian model, our new model accurately identified 94.1% of major-invaders and 97.1% of non-invaders, without committing any false positives or false negatives. The new secondary screening tool we developed reduced the number of species requiring secondary evaluation from 22 to 12%. We expect that the new weed risk assessment model should significantly enhance the United State’s timeliness and accuracy in regulating potential weeds.'
    Author: 'Koop, Anthony L.; Fowler, Larry; Newton, Leslie P.; Caton, Barney P.'
    DOI: 10.1007/s10530-011-0061-4
    Date: February 01
    ISSN: 1573-1464
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Biological Invasions
    Pages: 273-294
    Title: Development and validation of a weed screening tool for the United States
    Type of Article: journal article
    Volume: 14
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 23397
    _uuid: 07317e2c-abb0-4ec8-8d32-e0edcf69d82a
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10530-011-0061-4
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/07317e2c-abb0-4ec8-8d32-e0edcf69d82a.yaml
  identifier: 07317e2c-abb0-4ec8-8d32-e0edcf69d82a
  uri: /reference/07317e2c-abb0-4ec8-8d32-e0edcf69d82a
- attrs:
    Author: 'Shurpali, N. J.; Verma, S. B.'
    ISSN: '01682563, 1573515X'
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Biogeochemistry
    Legal Note: 'Full publication date: Jan., 1998'
    Pages: 1-15
    Publisher: Springer
    Title: Micrometeorological Measurements of Methane Flux in a Minnesota Peatland during Two Growing Seasons
    URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1469478
    Volume: 40
    Year: 1998
    _record_number: 2463
    _uuid: 07322cd8-1745-4bf3-92af-62e7e7e8fbde
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/07322cd8-1745-4bf3-92af-62e7e7e8fbde.yaml
  identifier: 07322cd8-1745-4bf3-92af-62e7e7e8fbde
  uri: /reference/07322cd8-1745-4bf3-92af-62e7e7e8fbde
- attrs:
    Author: 'Pastick, Neal J.; Jorgenson, M. Torre; Wylie, Bruce K.; Minsley, Burke J.; Ji, Lei; Walvoord, Michelle A.; Smith, Bruce D.; Abraham, Jared D.; Rose, Joshua R.'
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.1775
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Permafrost and Periglacial Processes
    Name of Database: USGS Publications Warehouse
    Pages: 184-199
    Title: 'Extending airborne electromagnetic surveys for regional active layer and permafrost mapping with remote sensing and ancillary data, Yukon Flats ecoregion, central Alaska'
    URL: http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70045740
    Volume: 24
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 1946
    _uuid: 0732b531-7328-4e49-a365-695e5fb577ec
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0732b531-7328-4e49-a365-695e5fb577ec.yaml
  identifier: 0732b531-7328-4e49-a365-695e5fb577ec
  uri: /reference/0732b531-7328-4e49-a365-695e5fb577ec
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Meeting a greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction target of 80% below 1990 levels in the year 2050 requires detailed long-term planning due to complexity, inertia, and path dependency in the energy system. A detailed investigation of supply and demand alternatives is conducted to assess requirements for future California energy systems that can meet the 2050 GHG target. Two components are developed here that build novel analytic capacity and extend previous studies: (1) detailed bottom-up projections of energy demand across the building, industry and transportation sectors; and (2) a high-resolution variable renewable resource capacity planning model (SWITCH) that minimizes the cost of electricity while meeting GHG policy goals in the 2050 timeframe. Multiple pathways exist to a low-GHG future, all involving increased efficiency, electrification, and a dramatic shift from fossil fuels to low-GHG energy. The electricity system is found to have a diverse, cost-effective set of options that meet aggressive GHG reduction targets. This conclusion holds even with increased demand from transportation and heating, but the optimal levels of wind and solar deployment depend on the temporal characteristics of the resulting load profile. Long-term policy support is found to be a key missing element for the successful attainment of the 2050 GHG target in California.'
    Author: "Wei, Max\rJames, H. Nelson\rJeffery, B. Greenblatt\rAna, Mileva\rJosiah, Johnston\rMichael, Ting\rChristopher, Yang\rChris, Jones\rJames, E. McMahon\rDaniel, M. Kammen"
    DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/014038
    ISSN: 1748-9326
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Environmental Research Letters
    Pages: 014038
    Title: Deep carbon reductions in California require electrification and integration across economic sectors
    URL: http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/8/1/014038/pdf/1748-9326_8_1_014038.pdf
    Volume: 8
    Year: 2013
    _chapter: '["Ch. 20: Southwest FINAL","Ch. 4: Energy Supply and Use FINAL","RG 5 Southwest"]'
    _record_number: 4009
    _uuid: 0733dc3f-1365-42f3-898e-bffd91746f09
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/014038
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  identifier: 0733dc3f-1365-42f3-898e-bffd91746f09
  uri: /reference/0733dc3f-1365-42f3-898e-bffd91746f09
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 1
    Author: 'Berkes, F.'
    ISBN: 9780203928950
    Number of Pages: 314
    Place Published: 'Oxon, UK and New York, NY'
    Publisher: Routledge
    Reviewer: 0739ce4d-983f-4ca9-b1b3-3b441087047d
    Title: 'Sacred Ecology, 2nd Ed.'
    Year: 2008
    _chapter: '["Ch. 12: Indigenous FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 1486
    _uuid: 0739ce4d-983f-4ca9-b1b3-3b441087047d
    reftype: Book
  child_publication: /book/1c10ebf6-bac1-4d78-927d-71f749cb0a75
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0739ce4d-983f-4ca9-b1b3-3b441087047d.yaml
  identifier: 0739ce4d-983f-4ca9-b1b3-3b441087047d
  uri: /reference/0739ce4d-983f-4ca9-b1b3-3b441087047d
- attrs:
    Author: 'Sulman, Benjamin N.; Desai, Ankur R.; Schroeder, Nicole M.; Ricciuto, Dan; Barr, Alan; Richardson, Andrew D.; Flanagan, Lawrence B.; Lafleur, Peter M.; Tian, Hanqin; Chen, Guangsheng; Grant, Robert F.; Poulter, Benjamin; Verbeeck, Hans; Ciais, Philippe; Ringeval, Bruno; Baker, Ian T.; Schaefer, Kevin; Luo, Yiqi; Weng, Ensheng'
    DOI: 10.1029/2011jg001862
    ISSN: 01480227
    Issue: G1
    Journal: 'Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences'
    Title: 'Impact of Hydrological Variations On Modeling of Peatland CO2 Fluxes: Results From the North American Carbon Program Site Synthesis'
    Volume: 117
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 3711
    _uuid: 0741c32a-e4ad-4e92-b997-d72df7330259
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0741c32a-e4ad-4e92-b997-d72df7330259.yaml
  identifier: 0741c32a-e4ad-4e92-b997-d72df7330259
  uri: /reference/0741c32a-e4ad-4e92-b997-d72df7330259
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Kaschner, K.\rTittensor, D.P.\rReady, J.\rGerrodette, T.\rWorm, B."
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019653
    ISSN: 1932-6203
    Issue: 5
    Journal: PLoS ONE
    Pages: e19653
    Title: Current and future patterns of global marine mammal biodiversity
    URL: http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0019653
    Volume: 6
    Year: 2011
    _chapter: '["Ch. 8: Ecosystems FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 490
    _uuid: 074223b4-0da4-47b8-ad62-3910dc028848
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1371/journal.pone.0019653
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/074223b4-0da4-47b8-ad62-3910dc028848.yaml
  identifier: 074223b4-0da4-47b8-ad62-3910dc028848
  uri: /reference/074223b4-0da4-47b8-ad62-3910dc028848
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Chupka, Marc W.; Robert Earle; Peter Fox-Penner; Ryan Hledik'
    Institution: The Edison Foundation
    Pages: 48
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Title: 'Transforming America’s Power Industry: The Investment Challenge 2010-2030'
    URL: http://www.edisonfoundation.net/iei/publications/Documents/Transforming_Americas_Power_Industry.pdf
    Year: 2008
    _record_number: 23277
    _uuid: 07445305-a4d7-4caa-b76b-3b16b7d2a653
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/transforming-americas-power-industry-investment-challenge-2010-2030
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/07445305-a4d7-4caa-b76b-3b16b7d2a653.yaml
  identifier: 07445305-a4d7-4caa-b76b-3b16b7d2a653
  uri: /reference/07445305-a4d7-4caa-b76b-3b16b7d2a653
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Donner, Simon D.; Scavia, Donald'
    DOI: 10.4319/lo.2007.52.2.0856
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Limnology and Oceanography
    Pages: 856-861
    Title: How climate controls the flux of nitrogen by the Mississippi River and the development of hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico
    Volume: 52
    Year: 2007
    _record_number: 20016
    _uuid: 07456730-3729-4ed4-8e2a-ef9e6cd9980a
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.4319/lo.2007.52.2.0856
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/07456730-3729-4ed4-8e2a-ef9e6cd9980a.yaml
  identifier: 07456730-3729-4ed4-8e2a-ef9e6cd9980a
  uri: /reference/07456730-3729-4ed4-8e2a-ef9e6cd9980a
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Irish, J.L.\rResio, D.T."
    DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2009.07.012
    ISSN: 0029-8018
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Ocean Engineering
    Pages: 69-81
    Title: A hydrodynamics-based surge scale for hurricanes
    Volume: 37
    Year: 2010
    _chapter: '["Ch. 25: Coastal Zone FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 869
    _uuid: 0746580e-61f2-4a8e-aa8b-b3ed418f543b
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2009.07.012
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0746580e-61f2-4a8e-aa8b-b3ed418f543b.yaml
  identifier: 0746580e-61f2-4a8e-aa8b-b3ed418f543b
  uri: /reference/0746580e-61f2-4a8e-aa8b-b3ed418f543b
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: George G. Waldbusser; Joseph E. Salisbury
    DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-121211-172238
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Annual Review of Marine Science
    Keywords: 'carbonate chemistry,carbon dioxide,coastal-zone variability,organismal perspective,carbonate weather,carbonate climate'
    Pages: 221-247
    Title: "Ocean acidification in the coastal zone from an organism's perspective: Multiple system parameters, frequency domains, and habitats"
    Volume: 6
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 20045
    _uuid: 074adfa1-36cc-4239-84c5-f188dbf6ea5e
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1146/annurev-marine-121211-172238
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/074adfa1-36cc-4239-84c5-f188dbf6ea5e.yaml
  identifier: 074adfa1-36cc-4239-84c5-f188dbf6ea5e
  uri: /reference/074adfa1-36cc-4239-84c5-f188dbf6ea5e
- attrs:
    .publisher: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'BACKGROUND: A groundwater-associated outbreak affected approximately 1,450 residents and visitors of South Bass Island, Ohio, between July and September 2004. OBJECTIVES: To examine the microbiological quality of groundwater wells located on South Bass Island, we sampled 16 wells that provide potable water to public water systems 15–21 September 2004. METHODS: We tested groundwater wells for fecal indicators, enteric viruses and bacteria, and protozoa (Cryptosporidium and Giardia). The hydrodynamics of Lake Erie were examined to explore the possible surface water–groundwater interactions. RESULTS: All wells were positive for both total coliform and Escherichia coli. Seven wells tested positive for enterococci and Arcobacter (an emerging bacterial pathogen), and F(+)-specific coliphage was present in four wells. Three wells were positive for all three bacterial indicators, coliphages, and Arcobacter; adenovirus DNA was recovered from two of these wells. We found a cluster of the most contaminated wells at the southeast side of the island. CONCLUSIONS: Massive groundwater contamination on the island was likely caused by transport of microbiological contaminants from wastewater treatment facilities and septic tanks to the lake and the subsurface, after extreme precipitation events in May–July 2004. This likely raised the water table, saturated the subsurface, and along with very strong Lake Erie currents on 24 July, forced a surge in water levels and rapid surface water–groundwater interchange throughout the island. Landsat images showed massive influx of organic material and turbidity surrounding the island before the peak of the outbreak. These combinations of factors and information can be used to examine vulnerabilities in other coastal systems. Both wastewater and drinking water issues are now being addressed by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency and the Ohio Department of Health.'
    Author: 'Fong, Theng-Theng; Mansfield, Linda S.; Wilson, David L.; Schwab, David J.; Molloy, Stephanie L.; Rose, Joan B.'
    DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9430
    Date: 02/06 06/16/received 02/06/accepted
    ISSN: 1552-9924
    Issue: 6
    Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives
    Notes: 'ehp0115-000856[PII] 17589591[pmid] Environ Health Perspect'
    Pages: 856-864
    Title: 'Massive microbiological groundwater contamination associated with a waterborne outbreak in Lake Erie, South Bass Island, Ohio'
    Volume: 115
    Year: 2007
    _record_number: 19022
    _uuid: 0753011f-53bd-40b8-a4b9-f22040fe617f
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1289/ehp.9430
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  identifier: 0753011f-53bd-40b8-a4b9-f22040fe617f
  uri: /reference/0753011f-53bd-40b8-a4b9-f22040fe617f
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Stevenson, S. L.'
    DOI: 10.1029/2012GL052759
    Issue: 17
    Journal: Geophysical Research Letters
    Keywords: CMIP models; ENSO; climate change; 1616 Climate variability; 3305 Climate change and variability; 3337 Global climate models; 4522 ENSO
    Pages: L17703
    Title: 'Significant changes to ENSO strength and impacts in the twenty-first century: Results from CMIP5'
    Volume: 39
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 19650
    _uuid: 07578889-41e8-4778-a687-292996457460
    reftype: Journal Article
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  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/07578889-41e8-4778-a687-292996457460.yaml
  identifier: 07578889-41e8-4778-a687-292996457460
  uri: /reference/07578889-41e8-4778-a687-292996457460
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 16
    Author: 'U. S. Energy Information Administration,'
    Late Update Date: 2017
    Publisher: 'EIA, Independent Statistics & Analysis'
    Title: 'Electricity Data Browser [web tool]'
    URL: https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/browser/
    Year: 2018
    _record_number: 22372
    _uuid: 075b42a0-bf75-4bc6-8020-5b4a4600d6c9
    reftype: Web Page
  child_publication: /webpage/0426dfe2-a3b3-4d70-8fd6-3ad203feb2c1
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/075b42a0-bf75-4bc6-8020-5b4a4600d6c9.yaml
  identifier: 075b42a0-bf75-4bc6-8020-5b4a4600d6c9
  uri: /reference/075b42a0-bf75-4bc6-8020-5b4a4600d6c9
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Sussman, E.'
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Sustainable Development Law & Policy
    Pages: 11
    Title: 'Case study: Climate change adaptation planning guidance for local governments in the United States'
    Volume: 9
    Year: 2009
    _chapter: '["Ch. 16: Northeast FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 2993
    _uuid: 075da06a-792e-4769-8eb4-def52aeb0f16
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/case-study-climate-change-adaptation-planning-guidance-for-local-governments-in-the-united-states
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  identifier: 075da06a-792e-4769-8eb4-def52aeb0f16
  uri: /reference/075da06a-792e-4769-8eb4-def52aeb0f16
- attrs:
    Issue Date: October 29
    Newspaper: 'The Colorado County [TX] Citizen'
    Place Published: 'Columbus, TX'
    Reporter: 'Johnson, Chris'
    Title: Drought costs residents thousands
    URL: http://www.coloradocountycitizen.com/news/article_2f564f5c-5ed5-11e4-a174-2f549c48a27e.html
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 25800
    _uuid: 075f0953-d92f-4f59-89fb-75f5a8ce1de3
    reftype: Newspaper Article
  child_publication: /generic/8db7e0f7-614b-421b-95bf-84bda4b0f786
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/075f0953-d92f-4f59-89fb-75f5a8ce1de3.yaml
  identifier: 075f0953-d92f-4f59-89fb-75f5a8ce1de3
  uri: /reference/075f0953-d92f-4f59-89fb-75f5a8ce1de3
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'EDF,'
    Date: 3/15/2012
    Institution: Environmental Defense Fund
    Pages: 1
    Title: States Have Led the Way in Curbing Carbon Pollution from New Power Plants
    URL: http://www.edf.org/sites/default/files/state-ghg-standards-03132012.pdf
    Year: 2012
    _chapter: '["Ch. 27: Mitigation FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 4558
    _uuid: 0760f07e-9c1c-4970-85f9-f367b148ada4
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/edf-states-2012
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0760f07e-9c1c-4970-85f9-f367b148ada4.yaml
  identifier: 0760f07e-9c1c-4970-85f9-f367b148ada4
  uri: /reference/0760f07e-9c1c-4970-85f9-f367b148ada4
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Trostle, R.; Marti, D.; Rosen, S.; Westcott, P.'
    Institution: 'U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service'
    Issue: ' NCA'
    Pages: 29
    Report Number: 'Outlook No. WRS-1103  '
    Title: 'Why Have Food Commodity Prices Risen Again? Outlook No. WRS-1103 '
    URL: http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/wrs-international-agriculture-and-trade-outlook/wrs1103.aspx
    Year: 2011
    _record_number: 15662
    _uuid: 076458a1-018a-4056-b943-e178110f0726
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/why-have-food-commodity-prices-risen-again-outlook-no-wrs-1103
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/076458a1-018a-4056-b943-e178110f0726.yaml
  identifier: 076458a1-018a-4056-b943-e178110f0726
  uri: /reference/076458a1-018a-4056-b943-e178110f0726
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Weeks, D.\rMalone, P.\rWelling, L."
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Park Science
    Pages: 26-33
    Title: 'Climate change scenario planning: A tool for managing parks into uncertain futures'
    URL: http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/pd/climate/teachingclimate/parksciencespecialissue_on_climate.pdf#page=26
    Volume: 28
    Year: 2011
    _chapter: '["Ch. 26: Decision Support FINAL","Ch. 8: Ecosystems FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 3374
    _uuid: 076ae54f-40da-494d-a736-a4ef99e2cff8
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/climate-change-scenario-planning-a-tool-for-managing-parks-into-uncertain-futures
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/076ae54f-40da-494d-a736-a4ef99e2cff8.yaml
  identifier: 076ae54f-40da-494d-a736-a4ef99e2cff8
  uri: /reference/076ae54f-40da-494d-a736-a4ef99e2cff8
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'As exposure to coastal hazards increases there is growing interest in nature-based solutions for risk reduction. This study uses high-resolution flood and loss models to quantify the impacts of coastal wetlands in the northeastern USA on (i) regional flood damages by Hurricane Sandy and (ii) local annual flood losses in Barnegat Bay in Ocean County, New Jersey. Using an extensive database of property exposure, the regional study shows that wetlands avoided $625 Million in direct flood damages during Hurricane Sandy. The local study combines these models with a database of synthetic storms in Ocean County and estimates a 16% average reduction in annual flood losses by salt marshes with higher reductions at lower elevations. Together, the studies quantify the risk reduction ecosystem services of marsh wetlands. Measuring these benefits in collaboration with the risk modelling industry is crucial for assessing risk accurately and, where appropriate, aligning conservation and risk reduction goals.'
    Author: 'Narayan, Siddharth; Beck, Michael W.; Wilson, Paul; Thomas, Christopher J.; Guerrero, Alexandra; Shepard, Christine C.; Reguero, Borja G.; Franco, Guillermo; Ingram, Jane Carter; Trespalacios, Dania'
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09269-z
    Date: 2017/08/31
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Scientific Reports
    Pages: 9463
    Title: The value of coastal wetlands for flood damage reduction in the northeastern USA
    Volume: 7
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 23221
    _uuid: 076e4980-ed03-47ca-acf7-a47b75748e84
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1038/s41598-017-09269-z
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/076e4980-ed03-47ca-acf7-a47b75748e84.yaml
  identifier: 076e4980-ed03-47ca-acf7-a47b75748e84
  uri: /reference/076e4980-ed03-47ca-acf7-a47b75748e84
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Gardner, T.A.\rCôté, I.M.\rGill, J.A.\rGrant, A.\rWatkinson, A.R."
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1086050
    ISSN: 0036-8075
    Issue: 5635
    Journal: Science
    Pages: 958-960
    Title: Long-term region-wide declines in Caribbean corals
    Volume: 301
    Year: 2003
    _chapter: '["Ch. 24: Oceans FINAL","Appendix 1: Process FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 1067
    _uuid: 076f1fe9-c1d9-4278-ae36-e452f211065f
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.1086050
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/076f1fe9-c1d9-4278-ae36-e452f211065f.yaml
  identifier: 076f1fe9-c1d9-4278-ae36-e452f211065f
  uri: /reference/076f1fe9-c1d9-4278-ae36-e452f211065f
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Bruno, J.F.\rSelig, E.R.\rCasey, K.S.\rPage, C.A.\rWillis, B.L.\rHarvell, C.D.\rSweatman, H.\rMelendy, A.M."
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0050124
    ISSN: 1545-7885
    Issue: 6
    Journal: PLoS Biology
    Pages: e124
    Title: Thermal stress and coral cover as drivers of coral disease outbreaks
    Volume: 5
    Year: 2007
    _chapter: '["Ch. 24: Oceans FINAL","RF 11","Ch. 23: Hawaii FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 1660
    _uuid: 07709e73-c331-4953-a578-909aa80ae86e
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1371/journal.pbio.0050124
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/07709e73-c331-4953-a578-909aa80ae86e.yaml
  identifier: 07709e73-c331-4953-a578-909aa80ae86e
  uri: /reference/07709e73-c331-4953-a578-909aa80ae86e
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'To determine risk for West Nile virus (WNV) neuroinvasive disease in North Dakota, we tested plasma samples from blood donors for WNV IgG and compared infection rates with reported WNV neuroinvasive disease incidence. We estimate that 1 in 244 WNV infections leads to neuroinvasive disease; risk is substantially increased among men and older persons.'
    Author: 'Carson, Paul J.; Borchardt, Stephanie M.; Custer, Brian; Prince, Harry E.; Dunn-Williams, Joan; Winkelman, Valerie; Tobler, Leslie; Biggerstaff, Brad J.; Lanciotti, Robert; Petersen, Lyle R.; Busch, Michael P.'
    DOI: 10.3201/eid1804.111313
    Date: Apr
    ISSN: 1080-6059
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases
    Keywords: 'Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Viral/blood; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Meningitis, Viral/*epidemiology/immunology/virology; Middle Aged; North Dakota/epidemiology; Risk Factors; Seroepidemiologic Studies; West Nile Fever/*epidemiology/immunology/virology; West Nile virus/*immunology; Young Adult'
    Notes: 'Carson, Paul J Borchardt, Stephanie M Custer, Brian Prince, Harry E Dunn-Williams, Joan Winkelman, Valerie Tobler, Leslie Biggerstaff, Brad J Lanciotti, Robert Petersen, Lyle R Busch, Michael P eng R01-CI-000214/CI/NCPDCID CDC HHS/ RC2-HL-101632/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural 2012/04/04 06:00 Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 Apr;18(4):684-6. doi: 10.3201/eid1804.111313.'
    Pages: 684-686
    Title: 'Neuroinvasive disease and West Nile virus infection, North Dakota, USA, 1999–2008'
    Volume: 18
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 17996
    _uuid: 077398bd-a95f-495e-9d92-50533879a897
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.3201/eid1804.111313
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/077398bd-a95f-495e-9d92-50533879a897.yaml
  identifier: 077398bd-a95f-495e-9d92-50533879a897
  uri: /reference/077398bd-a95f-495e-9d92-50533879a897
- attrs:
    Author: 'Waddington, J. M.; Griffis, T. J.; Rouse, W. R.'
    DOI: 10.1023/a:1005468920206
    ISSN: 01650009
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Climatic Change
    Pages: 267-275
    Title: 'Northern Canadian Wetlands: Net Ecosystem CO2 Exchange and Climatic Change'
    Volume: 40
    Year: 1998
    _record_number: 2496
    _uuid: 0776da63-13dd-445e-938e-58cb4859c2f8
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0776da63-13dd-445e-938e-58cb4859c2f8.yaml
  identifier: 0776da63-13dd-445e-938e-58cb4859c2f8
  uri: /reference/0776da63-13dd-445e-938e-58cb4859c2f8
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 7
    Author: 'West, T.O.; N. Gurwick; M.E. Brown; R. Duren; S. Mooney; K. Paustian; E. McGlynn; E. Malone; A. Rosenblatt; N. Hultman; I. Ocko'
    Book Title: 'Second State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR2): A Sustained Assessment Report'
    DOI: 10.7930/SOCCR2.2018.Ch18
    Editor: 'Cavallaro, N.; G. Shrestha; R. Birdsey; M. Mayes; R. Najjar; S. Reed; P. Romero-Lankao; Z. Zhu '
    Pages: xx-yy
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program
    Title: Carbon cycle science in support of decision making
    Year: 2018
    _record_number: 26169
    _uuid: 0776dae8-18ce-4cc3-940d-41b366dbf34a
    reftype: Book Section
  child_publication: /report/second-state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr2-sustained-assessment-report/chapter/carbon-cycle-science-in-support-of-decision-making
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0776dae8-18ce-4cc3-940d-41b366dbf34a.yaml
  identifier: 0776dae8-18ce-4cc3-940d-41b366dbf34a
  uri: /reference/0776dae8-18ce-4cc3-940d-41b366dbf34a
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'UN DESA,'
    Document Number: ST/ESA/SER.A/366
    Institution: 'United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division'
    Report Number: ST/ESA/SER.A/366
    Title: 'World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision'
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 876
    _uuid: 07777579-57d3-40fa-a17b-14ee61572854
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/07777579-57d3-40fa-a17b-14ee61572854.yaml
  identifier: 07777579-57d3-40fa-a17b-14ee61572854
  uri: /reference/07777579-57d3-40fa-a17b-14ee61572854
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'The influence of the Great Plains low-level jet (LLJ) on summertime precipitation and moisture transport over the central United States is examined in observations and in assimilated datasets recently produced by the NCEP/NCAR and the NASA/DAO. Intercomparisons between the assimilated datasets and comparisons with station observations of precipitation, winds, and specific humidity are used to evaluate the limitations of the assimilated products for studying the diurnal cycle of rainfall and the Great Plains LLJ. The winds from the reanalyses are used to diagnose the impact of the LLJ on observed nocturnal precipitation and moisture transport over a multisummer (JJA 1985–89) period. The impact of the LLJ on the overall moisture budget of the central United States is also examined. An inspection of the diurnal cycle of precipitation in gridded hourly station observations for 1963–93 reveals a well-defined nocturnal maximum over the Great Plains region during the spring and summer months consistent with earlier observational studies. During summer in excess of 25% more precipitation falls during the nighttime hours than during the daytime hours over a large portion of the Great Plains, with a commensurate decrease in the percentage amount of nocturnal precipitation along the Gulf Coast. Inspection of the nighttime precipitation by month shows that the maximum in precipitation along the Gulf Coast slowly shifts northward from the lower Mississippi Valley to the upper Midwest during the late spring and summer months and then back again during the fall. Both reanalyses produce a Great Plains LLJ with a structure, diurnal cycle, and frequency of occurrence that compares favorably to hourly wind profiler data. Composites of observed nighttime rainfall during LLJ events show a fundamentally different pattern in the distribution of precipitation compared to nonjet events. Overall, LLJ events are associated with enhanced precipitation over the north central United States and Great Plains and decreased precipitation along the Gulf Coast and East Coast; nonjet events are associated with much weaker anomalies that are generally in the opposite sense. Inspection of the LLJ composites for each month shows a gradual shift of the region of enhanced precipitation from the northern tier of states toward the south and east in a manner consistent with the anomalous moisture transport. LLJ-related precipitation is found to be associated most closely with the strongest, least frequent LLJ events. The moisture transport in the reanalyses compares favorably to radiosonde data, although significant regional differences exist, particularly along the Gulf Coast during summer. The diurnal cycle of the low-level moisture transport is well resolved in the reanalyses with the largest and most extensive anomalies being those associated with the nocturnal inland flow of the Great Plains LLJ. Examination of the impact of the LLJ on the nighttime moisture transport shows a coherent evolution from May to August with a gradual increase in the anomalous westerly transport over the southeastern United States, consistent with the evolution of the precipitation patterns. The impact of the LLJ on the overall moisture budget during summer is considerable with low-level inflow from the Gulf of Mexico increasing by more than 45%, on average, over nocturnal mean values.'
    Author: R. W. Higgins; Y. Yao; E. S. Yarosh; J. E. Janowiak; K. C. Mo
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0481:iotgpl>2.0.co;2
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Journal of Climate
    Pages: 481-507
    Title: Influence of the Great Plains low-level jet on summertime precipitation and moisture transport over the central United States
    Volume: 10
    Year: 1997
    _record_number: 20854
    _uuid: 077f7bcd-9a08-4cca-b248-bb40c1568f1a
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010%3C0481:iotgpl%3E2.0.co;2
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/077f7bcd-9a08-4cca-b248-bb40c1568f1a.yaml
  identifier: 077f7bcd-9a08-4cca-b248-bb40c1568f1a
  uri: /reference/077f7bcd-9a08-4cca-b248-bb40c1568f1a
- attrs:
    Author: 'Hallegatte, Stéphane'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.12.003
    Date: 2009/05/01/
    ISSN: 0959-3780
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Global Environmental Change
    Keywords: Climate change; Adaptation; Uncertainty
    Pages: 240-247
    Title: Strategies to adapt to an uncertain climate change
    Volume: 19
    Year: 2009
    _record_number: 24182
    _uuid: 078f5398-3d8e-455e-aa39-891c9f37dfac
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.12.003
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/078f5398-3d8e-455e-aa39-891c9f37dfac.yaml
  identifier: 078f5398-3d8e-455e-aa39-891c9f37dfac
  uri: /reference/078f5398-3d8e-455e-aa39-891c9f37dfac
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Prowse, T.\rAlfredsen, K.\rBeltaos, S.\rBonsal, B.\rDuguay, C.\rKorhola, A.\rMcNamara, J.\rPienitz, R.\rVincent, W.F.\rVuglinsky, V.\rWeyhenmeyer, Gesa A."
    DOI: 10.1007/s13280-011-0216-7
    ISSN: 0044-7447
    Issue: 1
    Journal: 'AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment'
    Pages: 53-62
    Title: Past and future changes in Arctic lake and river ice
    URL: http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs13280-011-0216-7
    Volume: 40
    Year: 2011
    _chapter: '["Ch. 3: Water Resources FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 2540
    _uuid: 079195bd-e0dc-499d-9da5-f1004ee6f818
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s13280-011-0216-7
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/079195bd-e0dc-499d-9da5-f1004ee6f818.yaml
  identifier: 079195bd-e0dc-499d-9da5-f1004ee6f818
  uri: /reference/079195bd-e0dc-499d-9da5-f1004ee6f818
- attrs:
    Author: 'Cao, Mingkui; Marshall, Stewart; Gregson, Keith'
    DOI: 10.1029/96jd00219
    ISSN: 01480227
    Issue: D9
    Journal: 'Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres'
    Pages: 14399-14414
    Title: 'Global Carbon Exchange and Methane Emissions From Natural Wetlands: Application of a Process-based Model'
    Volume: 101
    Year: 1996
    _record_number: 2333
    _uuid: 0793c102-e4fc-4cc9-b457-82fc3ee69198
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0793c102-e4fc-4cc9-b457-82fc3ee69198.yaml
  identifier: 0793c102-e4fc-4cc9-b457-82fc3ee69198
  uri: /reference/0793c102-e4fc-4cc9-b457-82fc3ee69198
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Recent research using repeat photography, long-term ecological monitoring and dendrochronology has documented shrub expansion in arctic, high-latitude and alpine tundra ecosystems. Here, we (1) synthesize these findings, (2) present a conceptual framework that identifies mechanisms and constraints on shrub increase, (3) explore causes, feedbacks and implications of the increased shrub cover in tundra ecosystems, and (4) address potential lines of investigation for future research. Satellite observations from around the circumpolar Arctic, showing increased productivity, measured as changes in ‘greenness’, have coincided with a general rise in high-latitude air temperatures and have been partly attributed to increases in shrub cover. Studies indicate that warming temperatures, changes in snow cover, altered disturbance regimes as a result of permafrost thaw, tundra fires, and anthropogenic activities or changes in herbivory intensity are all contributing to observed changes in shrub abundance. A large-scale increase in shrub cover will change the structure of tundra ecosystems and alter energy fluxes, regional climate, soil–atmosphere exchange of water, carbon and nutrients, and ecological interactions between species. In order to project future rates of shrub expansion and understand the feedbacks to ecosystem and climate processes, future research should investigate the species or trait-specific responses of shrubs to climate change including: (1) the temperature sensitivity of shrub growth, (2) factors controlling the recruitment of new individuals, and (3) the relative influence of the positive and negative feedbacks involved in shrub expansion.'
    Author: Isla H. Myers-Smith; Bruce C. Forbes; Martin Wilmking; Martin Hallinger; Trevor Lantz; Daan Blok; Ken D. Tape; Marc Macias-Fauria; Ute Sass-Klaassen; Esther Lévesque; Stéphane Boudreau; Pascale Ropars; Luise Hermanutz; Andrew Trant; Laura Siegwart Collier; Stef Weijers; Jelte Rozema; Shelly A. Rayback; Niels Martin Schmidt; Gabriela Schaepman-Strub; Sonja Wipf; Christian Rixen; Cécile B. Ménard; Susanna Venn; Scott Goetz; Laia Andreu-Hayles; Sarah Elmendorf; Virve Ravolainen; Jeffrey Welker; Paul Grogan; Howard E. Epstein; David S. Hik
    DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045509
    ISSN: 1748-9326
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Environmental Research Letters
    Pages: 045509
    Title: 'Shrub expansion in tundra ecosystems: Dynamics, impacts and research priorities'
    Volume: 6
    Year: 2011
    _record_number: 20560
    _uuid: 079ca415-1314-4dd5-8b43-8af1c8c44123
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045509
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/079ca415-1314-4dd5-8b43-8af1c8c44123.yaml
  identifier: 079ca415-1314-4dd5-8b43-8af1c8c44123
  uri: /reference/079ca415-1314-4dd5-8b43-8af1c8c44123
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 9
    Author: IPCC
    Editors: 'Eggleston, H.S.; Buendia, L., ; Miwa, K., ; Ngara, T. ; Tanabe, K.'
    Place Published: 'Hayama, Japan.'
    Publisher: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
    Series Title: 'Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme,'
    Title: IPCC Guidelines For National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
    URL: https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/
    Year: 2006
    _record_number: 3438
    _uuid: 07a3fcc9-68d8-4eca-9b8f-5bebf89500b0
    reftype: Book
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/07a3fcc9-68d8-4eca-9b8f-5bebf89500b0.yaml
  identifier: 07a3fcc9-68d8-4eca-9b8f-5bebf89500b0
  uri: /reference/07a3fcc9-68d8-4eca-9b8f-5bebf89500b0
- attrs:
    Accession Number: 26644584
    Author: 'Zavala-Araiza, D.; Lyon, D. R.; Alvarez, R. A.; Davis, K. J.; Harriss, R.; Herndon, S. C.; Karion, A.; Kort, E. A.; Lamb, B. K.; Lan, X.; Marchese, A. J.; Pacala, S. W.; Robinson, A. L.; Shepson, P. B.; Sweeney, C.; Talbot, R.; Townsend-Small, A.; Yacovitch, T. I.; Zimmerle, D. J.; Hamburg, S. P.'
    Author Address: "Environmental Defense Fund, Austin, TX 78701;\rCarbon Now Cast, LLC, State College, PA 16802;\rAerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821;\rCooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309; Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305;\rDepartment of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;\rDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163;\rDepartment of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004;\rDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523;\rDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544; pacala@princeton.edu shamburg@edf.org.\rDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213;\rDepartment of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907;\rDepartment of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221.\rEnvironmental Defense Fund, Austin, TX 78701; pacala@princeton.edu shamburg@edf.org."
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1522126112
    Date: Dec 22
    ISSN: "1091-6490 (Electronic)\r0027-8424 (Linking)"
    Issue: 51
    Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA
    Keywords: Barnett Shale; greenhouse gas footprint; methane emissions; natural gas supply chain; oil and gas emissions
    PMCID: PMC4697433
    Pages: 15597-602
    Title: Reconciling Divergent Estimates of Oil and Gas Methane Emissions
    Volume: 112
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 3489
    _uuid: 07a6aeae-b0d0-489b-b64c-b0f5ebd02de0
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/07a6aeae-b0d0-489b-b64c-b0f5ebd02de0.yaml
  identifier: 07a6aeae-b0d0-489b-b64c-b0f5ebd02de0
  uri: /reference/07a6aeae-b0d0-489b-b64c-b0f5ebd02de0
- attrs:
    Accession Number: 25049416
    Author: 'Eshel, G.; Shepon, A.; Makov, T.; Milo, R.'
    Author Address: "Physics Department, Bard College, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 12504-5000; geshel@gmail.com ron.milo@weizmann.ac.il.\rDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; and.\rYale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, CT 06511.\rDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; and geshel@gmail.com ron.milo@weizmann.ac.il."
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1402183111
    Date: Aug 19
    ISSN: "1091-6490 (Electronic)\r0027-8424 (Linking)"
    Issue: 33
    Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA
    Keywords: '*Agricultural Irrigation; Animals; *Dairying; Eggs/*analysis; Gases/*analysis; *Greenhouse Effect; Meat/*analysis; Nitrogen/*analysis; food impact; foodprint; geophysics of agriculture; multimetric analysis'
    PMCID: PMC4143028
    Pages: 11996-2001
    Title: 'Land, Irrigation Water, Greenhouse Gas, and Reactive Nitrogen Burdens of Meat, Eggs, and Dairy Production in the United States'
    Volume: 111
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 944
    _uuid: 07ac2821-ed3a-4910-aba6-5703f80b688c
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/07ac2821-ed3a-4910-aba6-5703f80b688c.yaml
  identifier: 07ac2821-ed3a-4910-aba6-5703f80b688c
  uri: /reference/07ac2821-ed3a-4910-aba6-5703f80b688c
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Barreto, Maritza; Dariel Narvaéz; Laura Marti; Elizabeth Díaz; Orlando Santaella; Nahir Cabrera; Tatiana Gladik; Zulimar Alvira; Leticia Silva; Alejandro Reyes'
    Institution: 'University of Puerto Rico, Planning School'
    Pages: 58
    Place Published: 'Rio Piedras, PR'
    Title: Assessment of beach morphology at Puerto Rico Island
    URL: http://drna.pr.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Geomorphic-Assessment-of-Puerto-Rico-1977-to-2016.pdf
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 25073
    _uuid: 07acfe14-9e5f-4bda-a701-f613a8257328
    reftype: Report
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    Abstract: 'Simulations from 35 global climate models (GCMs) in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 provide projections of 21st century climate in the Columbia River Basin under scenarios of anthropogenic activity given by Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The multi-model ensemble 30-year mean annual temperature increases by 2.8 °C (5.0 °C) by late 21st century under RCP4.5 (RCP8.5) over the 1979–1990 baseline, with 18% (24%) more warming in summer. By late 21st century, annual precipitation increases by 5% (8%), with an 8% (14%) winter increase and a 4% (10%) summer decrease, but because some models project changes of opposite sign, confidence in these sign changes is lower than those for temperature. Four questions about temperature and precipitation changes were addressed: (1) How and why do climate projections vary seasonally? (2) Is interannual variability in seasonal temperature and precipitation projected to change? (3) What explains the large inter-model spread in the projections? (4) Do projected changes in climate depend on model skill? Changes in precipitation and temperature vary seasonally as a result of changes in large-scale circulation and regional surface energy budget, respectively. Interannual temperature variability decreases slightly during the cool seasons and increases in summer, while interannual precipitation variability increases in all seasons. The magnitude of regional warming is linked to models’ global climate sensitivity, whereas internal variability dominates the inter-model spread of precipitation changes. Lastly, GCMs that better reproduce historical climate tend to project greater warming and larger precipitation increases, though these results depend on the evaluation method.'
    Author: 'Rupp, David E.; Abatzoglou, John T.; Mote, Philip W.'
    DOI: 10.1007/s00382-016-3418-7
    Date: September 01
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Issue: 5
    Journal: Climate Dynamics
    Pages: 1783-1799
    Title: Projections of 21st century climate of the Columbia River Basin
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    Volume: 49
    Year: 2017
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    Author: "O’Neill, M.S.\rEbi, K.L."
    DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e318173e122
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    Title: 'Temperature extremes and health: Impacts of climate variability and change in the United States'
    Volume: 51
    Year: 2009
    _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL","Ch. 17: Southeast and Caribbean FINAL"]'
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    Publisher: Academic Press
    Title: 'Ch. 3: Impact of climate change factors on weeds and herbicide efficacy'
    Volume: 135
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    .reference_type: 7
    Author: DOE
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    Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Keywords: carbon cycle; nutrient availability; soil respiration; nitrogen; phosphorus; dissolved organic-carbon; terrestrial ecosystems; litter decomposition; wet forest; limitation; nitrogen; dynamics; matter; model; root
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    Year: 2006
    _chapter: '["Ch. 15: Biogeochemical FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 1194
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    DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.02.033
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    DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.01.002
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    Title: 'Adaptation privilege and Voluntary Buyouts: Perspectives on ethnocentrism in sea level rise relocation and retreat policies in the US'
    Volume: 49
    Year: 2018
    _record_number: 25356
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    .reference_type: 0
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    Author: "Muller, R.N.\rBormann, F.H."
    DOI: 10.1126/science.193.4258.1126
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    Journal: Science
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    Title: Role of Erythronium americanum Ker. in energy flow and nutrient dynamics of a northern hardwood forest ecosystem
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    Year: 1976
    _chapter: '["Ch. 8: Ecosystems FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 3623
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- attrs:
    Author: 'Xia, Youlong; Mitchell, Kenneth; Ek, Michael; Sheffield, Justin; Cosgrove, Brian; Wood, Eric; Luo, Lifeng; Alonge, Charles; Wei, Helin; Meng, Jesse; Livneh, Ben; Lettenmaier, Dennis; Koren, Victor; Duan, Qingyun; Mo, Kingtse; Fan, Yun; Mocko, David'
    DOI: 10.1029/2011JD016048
    ISSN: 2156-2202
    Issue: D3
    Journal: Journal of Geophysical Research
    Keywords: NLDAS-2; energy budget; land surface modeling; water budget; 1620 Climate dynamics; 1814 Energy budgets; 1833 Hydroclimatology; 1840 Hydrometeorology; 1846 Model calibration
    Pages: D03109
    Title: 'Continental-scale water and energy flux analysis and validation for the North American Land Data Assimilation System project phase 2 (NLDAS-2): 1. Intercomparison and application of model products'
    Volume: 117
    Year: 2012
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    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13030
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    Journal: Global Change Biology
    Keywords: climate change; Juniper; Juniperus monosperma; nonstructural carbohydrate; phenology; piñon pine; Pinus edulis; water potential
    Pages: 4210-4220
    Title: Experimental drought and heat can delay phenological development and reduce foliar and shoot growth in semiarid trees
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    Author: 'Zhang, Yongguang; Susan Moran, M.; Nearing, Mark A.; Ponce Campos, Guillermo E.; Huete, Alfredo R.; Buda, Anthony R.; Bosch, David D.; Gunter, Stacey A.; Kitchen, Stanley G.; Henry McNab, W.; Morgan, Jack A.; McClaran, Mitchel P.; Montoya, Diane S.; Peters, Debra P. C.; Starks, Patrick J.'
    DOI: 10.1029/2012JG002136
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    Issue: 1
    Journal: Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences
    Keywords: 'ANPP; biomes; climate change; MODIS EVI; extreme precipitation patterns; 0414 Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling; 0456 Life in extreme environments; 0480 Remote sensing'
    Pages: 148-157
    Title: Extreme precipitation patterns and reductions of terrestrial ecosystem production across biomes
    Volume: 118
    Year: 2013
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    Journal: Nature Climate Change
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    Author: 'Schubauer, J. P.; Hopkinson, C. S.'
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    Journal: Limnology and Oceanography
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    Title: 'Above- and Belowground Emergent Macrophyte Production and Turnover in a Coastal Marsh Ecosystem, Georgia'
    URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.4319/lo.1984.29.5.1052/asset/lno19842951052.pdf?v=1&t=izr7yyyr&s=31fee07cb61485a7ce76fe21a1d7b4980b473856
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    Year: 1984
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    Author: 'Lynch, Abigail J.; Myers, Bonnie J. E.; Chu, Cindy; Eby, Lisa A.; Falke, Jeffrey A.; Kovach, Ryan P.; Krabbenhoft, Trevor J.; Kwak, Thomas J.; Lyons, John; Paukert, Craig P.; Whitney, James E.'
    DOI: 10.1080/03632415.2016.1186016
    Date: 2016/07/02
    ISSN: 0363-2415
    Issue: 7
    Journal: Fisheries
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    Publisher: Taylor & Francis
    Title: Climate change effects on North American inland fish populations and assemblages
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    Year: 2016
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    Author: "Ruth, M.\rLin, A.C."
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2005.04.016
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    Issue: 17
    Journal: Energy Policy
    Pages: 2820-2833
    Title: 'Regional energy demand and adaptations to climate change: Methodology and application to the state of Maryland, USA'
    Volume: 34
    Year: 2006
    _chapter: '["Ch. 16: Northeast FINAL"]'
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    _uuid: 07f83673-1e1f-418b-8749-c9ebaf68dfd7
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    Abstract: 'Populations of Ixodes scapularis Say nymphs were surveyed at a Lyme disease-endemic area for 8 consecutive yr (1998-2005) to characterize annual changes in abundance. Precipitation and temperature were also monitored over the period 1998-2004 to determine their potential value as predictors of tick abundance. Although both parameters showed annual variation, no statistical differences in the annual abundance of I. scapularis nymphs were observed over the 8-yr period. Our results suggest that precipitation and temperature were not predictive of the abundance of I. scapularis nymphs.'
    Author: 'Schulze, T. L.; Jordan, R. A.; Schulze, C. J.; Hung, R. W.'
    DOI: 10.1603/033.046.0508
    Date: Sep
    ISSN: 1938-2928
    Issue: 5
    Journal: Journal of Medical Entomology
    Keywords: ixodes scapularis; precipitation; temperature; prediction; amblyomma-americanum acari; northeastern united-states; disease endemic area; lyme-disease; new-jersey; dammini acari; recreational parks; sampling methods; monmouth county; ticks
    Language: English
    Notes: 491KD Times Cited:6 Cited References Count:47
    Pages: 1025-1029
    Title: 'Precipitation and Temperature as Predictors of the Local Abundance of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) Nymphs'
    Volume: 46
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    _uuid: 07fdc22e-f6f8-4ae6-a9d7-e0d0484ccf46
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    Author: 'Otto, Alexander; Otto, Friederike E. L.; Boucher, Olivier; Church, John; Hegerl, Gabi; Forster, Piers M.; Gillett, Nathan P.; Gregory, Jonathan; Johnson, Gregory C.; Knutti, Reto; Lewis, Nicholas; Lohmann, Ulrike; Marotzke, Jochem; Myhre, Gunnar; Shindell, Drew; Stevens, Bjorn; Allen, Myles R.'
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    Journal: Nature Geoscience
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    Title: Energy budget constraints on climate response
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    Year: 2013
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    ISSN: 1944-8007
    Issue: 14
    Journal: Geophysical Research Letters
    Keywords: Alaska glaciers; tidewater glaciers; mass balance; Operation IceBridge; 0762 Mass balance; 0720 Glaciers; 0774 Dynamics; 0758 Remote sensing; 1218 Mass balance
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    Title: Surface melt dominates Alaska glacier mass balance
    Volume: 42
    Year: 2015
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    reftype: Journal Article
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    Access Date: 'November 2, 2012'
    Access Year: 2012
    Author: 'NASA Earth Observatory,'
    Publisher: 'NASA Earth Observatory, EOS Project Science Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center'
    Title: Blackout in New Jersey and New York
    URL: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=79589
    Year: 2012
    _chapter: '["Ch. 11: Urban Systems FINAL"]'
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    Title: Alaska Forum on the Environment
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    Year of Conference: 2012
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