---
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'The Olympic Peninsula, Washington, USA, currently holds 184 alpine glaciers larger than 0.01 km2 and their combined area is 30.2 ± 0.95 km2. Only four glaciers are >1 km2 and 120 of the others are <0.1 km2. This represents a loss of 82 glaciers and a 34% decrease in combined area since 1980, with the most pronounced losses occurring on south-facing aspects and in the more arid northeastern part of the range. Annual rate of loss in glacier area for seven of the largest glaciers accelerated from 0.26 km2 a−1 (1900–80) to 0.54 km2 a−1 (1980–2009). Thinning rates on four of the largest glaciers averaged nearly 1 ma−1 from 1987 to 2010, resulting in estimated volume losses of 17–24%. Combined glacial snow, firn and ice melt in the Hoh watershed is in the range 63–79 ± 7 × 106 m3, or 9–15% of total May–September streamflow. In the critical August–September period, the glacial fraction of total basin runoff increases to 18–30%, with one-third of the water directly from glacial ice (i.e. not snow and firn). Glaciers in the Elwha basin produce 12–15 ± 1.3 × 106 m3 (2.5–4.0%), while those in the Dungeness basin contribute 2.5–3.1 ± 0.28 × 106 m3 (3.0–3.8%).'
    Author: 'Riedel, J. L.; Wilson, Steve; Baccus, William; Larrabee, Michael; Fudge, T. J.; Fountain, Andrew'
    DOI: 10.3189/2015JoG14J138
    Database Provider: Cambridge University Press
    EPub Date: 2017/07/10
    ISSN: 0022-1430
    Issue: 225
    Journal: Journal of Glaciology
    Keywords: climate change; glacier hydrology; ice and climate; mountain glaciers
    Name of Database: Cambridge Core
    Pages: 8-16
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press
    Title: 'Glacier status and contribution to streamflow in the Olympic Mountains, Washington, USA'
    Volume: 61
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 24739
    _uuid: f8d978b8-85d3-47ea-9a90-543650d83156
    reftype: Journal Article
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  identifier: f8d978b8-85d3-47ea-9a90-543650d83156
  uri: /reference/f8d978b8-85d3-47ea-9a90-543650d83156
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Grineski, Sara E.; Staniswalis, Joan G.; Bulathsinhala, Priyangi; Peng, Yanlei; Gill, Thomas E.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2011.06.007
    ISSN: 0013-9351
    Issue: 8
    Journal: Environmental Research
    Pages: 1148-1155
    Title: 'Hospital admissions for asthma and acute bronchitis in El Paso, Texas: Do age, sex, and insurance status modify the effects of dust and low wind events?'
    Volume: 111
    Year: 2011
    _chapter: Ch7
    _record_number: 16306
    _uuid: f8e45aeb-8abe-4834-93f1-cfd656f62493
    reftype: Journal Article
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  uri: /reference/f8e45aeb-8abe-4834-93f1-cfd656f62493
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Beggs, Paul J.; Walczyk, Nicole E.'
    DOI: 10.1007/s11869-008-0013-z
    ISSN: 1873-9326
    Issue: 2
    Journal: 'Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health'
    Pages: 119-123
    Title: 'Impacts of climate change on plant food allergens: A previously unrecognized threat to human health'
    Volume: 1
    Year: 2008
    _record_number: 19205
    _uuid: f8e6665b-8c22-43da-87e7-b5c4c529636a
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s11869-008-0013-z
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  identifier: f8e6665b-8c22-43da-87e7-b5c4c529636a
  uri: /reference/f8e6665b-8c22-43da-87e7-b5c4c529636a
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 16
    Author: 'Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council,'
    Place Published: 'Tampa Bay, FL'
    Publisher: Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council
    Title: '[web site]'
    URL: http://www.tbrpc.org/index.shtml
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 23989
    _uuid: f8e805f9-0d4a-4b5b-8f15-f60cb5aa21e3
    reftype: Web Page
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  identifier: f8e805f9-0d4a-4b5b-8f15-f60cb5aa21e3
  uri: /reference/f8e805f9-0d4a-4b5b-8f15-f60cb5aa21e3
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'BACKGROUND: Hurricane Ike struck the Galveston Bay area of Texas on September 13, 2008, leaving substantial destruction and a number of deaths in its wake. We assessed differences in the determinants of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression after this event, including the particular hurricane experiences, including postevent nontraumatic stressors, that were associated with these pathologies. METHODS: 658 adults who had been living in Galveston and Chambers counties, TX in the month before Hurricane Ike were interviewed 2-5 months after the hurricane. We collected information on experiences during and after Hurricane Ike, PTSD and depressive symptoms in the month before the interview, and socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS: The prevalence of past month hurricane-related PTSD and depression was 6.1 and 4.9%, respectively. Hurricane experiences, but not socio-demographic characteristics, were associated with Ike-related PTSD. By contrast, lower education and household income, and more lifetime stressors were associated with depression, as were hurricane exposures and hurricane-related stressors. When looking at specific hurricane-related stressors, loss or damage of sentimental possessions was associated with both PTSD and depression; however, health problems related to Ike were associated only with PTSD, whereas financial loss as a result of the hurricane was associated only with depression. CONCLUSIONS: PTSD is indeed a disorder of event exposure, whereas risk of depression is more clearly driven by personal vulnerability and exposure to stressors. The role of nontraumatic stressors in shaping risk of both pathologies suggests that alleviating stressors after disasters has clear potential to mitigate the psychological sequelae of these events.'
    Author: 'Tracy, M.; Norris, F. H.; Galea, S.'
    DOI: 10.1002/da.20838
    Date: Aug
    ISSN: 1091-4269
    Issue: 8
    Journal: Depression and Anxiety
    Keywords: 'Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; *Cyclonic Storms; Depressive Disorder/economics/epidemiology/*psychology; Disasters; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Life Change Events; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Psychological Tests; Risk Factors; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/economics/epidemiology/*psychology; Texas; Young Adult'
    Language: eng
    Notes: '1520-6394 Tracy, Melissa Norris, Fran H Galea, Sandro P60 MH082598/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States P60 MH082598-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural United States Depress Anxiety. 2011 Aug;28(8):666-75. doi: 10.1002/da.20838. Epub 2011 May 26.'
    Pages: 666-675
    Title: Differences in the determinants of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression after a mass traumatic event
    Volume: 28
    Year: 2011
    _record_number: 18196
    _uuid: f8e99ff1-f5d6-4b9b-a844-2007310584f8
    reftype: Journal Article
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  identifier: f8e99ff1-f5d6-4b9b-a844-2007310584f8
  uri: /reference/f8e99ff1-f5d6-4b9b-a844-2007310584f8
- attrs:
    Author: 'Sistla, Seeta A.; Moore, John C.; Simpson, Rodney T.; Gough, Laura; Shaver, Gaius R.; Schimel, Joshua P.'
    DOI: 10.1038/nature12129
    ISSN: 0028-0836
    Issue: 7451
    Journal: Nature
    Pages: 615-618
    Publisher: 'Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.'
    Title: Long-term warming restructures Arctic tundra without changing net soil carbon storage
    Type of Article: Letter
    URL: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v497/n7451/abs/nature12129.html#supplementary-information
    Volume: 497
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 1989
    _uuid: f8ea8e95-02fc-4fa5-b900-01eb1704a87f
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: ~
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  identifier: f8ea8e95-02fc-4fa5-b900-01eb1704a87f
  uri: /reference/f8ea8e95-02fc-4fa5-b900-01eb1704a87f
- attrs:
    Author: 'Reid, M. C.; Tripathee, R.; Schäfer, K. V. R.; Jaffé, P. R.'
    DOI: 10.1002/2013JG002438
    ISSN: 2169-8961
    Issue: 4
    Journal: 'Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences'
    Keywords: methane; tidal marsh; biosphere-atmosphere interactions; 0315 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions; 0497 Wetlands; 0490 Trace gases; 4930 Greenhouse gases
    Pages: 1802-1813
    Title: 'Tidal marsh methane dynamics: Difference in seasonal lags in emissions driven by storage in vegetated versus unvegetated sediments'
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013JG002438
    Volume: 118
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 2917
    _uuid: f8eada3e-c0ab-42da-825b-9beb27c9258b
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f8eada3e-c0ab-42da-825b-9beb27c9258b.yaml
  identifier: f8eada3e-c0ab-42da-825b-9beb27c9258b
  uri: /reference/f8eada3e-c0ab-42da-825b-9beb27c9258b
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'It is still not clear how global warming will affect the global carbon cycle, either in terms of the magnitude of the effect or even its sign. Help in answering that question will come from long-term field-based experiments designed to explore carbon cycle-climate feedbacks in an ecosystem context. Melillo et al. performed a 26-year soil-warming experiment in a mid-latitude hardwood forest (see the Perspective by Metcalfe). Warming has resulted in a complex pattern of net carbon loss from the soil. These results support projections of a long-term, positive carbon feedback from similar ecosystems as the world warms.Science, this issue p. 101; See also p. 41In a 26-year soil warming experiment in a mid-latitude hardwood forest, we documented changes in soil carbon cycling to investigate the potential consequences for the climate system. We found that soil warming results in a four-phase pattern of soil organic matter decay and carbon dioxide fluxes to the atmosphere, with phases of substantial soil carbon loss alternating with phases of no detectable loss. Several factors combine to affect the timing, magnitude, and thermal acclimation of soil carbon loss. These include depletion of microbially accessible carbon pools, reductions in microbial biomass, a shift in microbial carbon use efficiency, and changes in microbial community composition. Our results support projections of a long-term, self-reinforcing carbon feedback from mid-latitude forests to the climate system as the world warms.'
    Author: 'Melillo, J. M.; Frey, S. D.; DeAngelis, K. M.; Werner, W. J.; Bernard, M. J.; Bowles, F. P.; Pold, G.; Knorr, M. A.; Grandy, A. S.'
    DOI: 10.1126/science.aan2874
    Issue: 6359
    Journal: Science
    Pages: 101-105
    Title: Long-term pattern and magnitude of soil carbon feedback to the climate system in a warming world
    Volume: 358
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 25163
    _uuid: f90ac72a-7b08-48fb-95dd-7b73e8b4db50
    reftype: Journal Article
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  uri: /reference/f90ac72a-7b08-48fb-95dd-7b73e8b4db50
- attrs:
    Accession Number: WOS:000332991000050
    Alternate Title: Geophys Res Lett
    Author: 'Fischer, E. M.; Knutti, R.'
    Author Address: 'ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland'
    DOI: 10.1002/2013gl058499
    Date: Jan 28
    ISSN: 0094-8276
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Geophysical Research Letters
    Keywords: climate extremes; heavy precipitation; detection; heatwave; model evaluation; climate; 20th-century; trends; ensemble; increase; indexes
    Language: English
    Pages: 547-554
    Title: Detection of Spatially Aggregated Changes in Temperature and Precipitation Extremes
    Volume: 41
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 1719
    _uuid: f90f3e07-b9d2-4857-8491-9c2c5ccedc67
    reftype: Journal Article
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- attrs:
    Accession Number: WOS:000311982600007
    Alternate Title: Front Ecol Environ
    Author: 'Post, W. M.; Izaurralde, R. C.; West, T. O.; Liebig, M. A.; King, A. W.'
    Author Address: "Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN USA\rOak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA\rPacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD USA\rARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, USDA, Mandan, ND USA"
    DOI: 10.1890/120065
    Date: Dec
    ISSN: 1540-9295
    Issue: 10
    Journal: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
    Keywords: land-use change; dissolved organic-carbon; pine plantations; meta analysis; soil c; sequestration; agriculture; emissions; bioenergy; biofuels
    Language: English
    Pages: 554-561
    Title: Management Opportunities For Enhancing Terrestrial Carbon Dioxide Sinks
    Volume: 10
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 1657
    _uuid: f9110c4c-bf17-4460-a738-9d330d6c2575
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f9110c4c-bf17-4460-a738-9d330d6c2575.yaml
  identifier: f9110c4c-bf17-4460-a738-9d330d6c2575
  uri: /reference/f9110c4c-bf17-4460-a738-9d330d6c2575
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Methane is a greenhouse gas that oxidizes to form ground-level ozone, itself a greenhouse gas and a health-harmful air pollutant. Reducing methane emissions will both slow anthropogenic climate change and reduce ozone-related mortality. We estimate the benefits of reducing methane emissions anywhere in the world for ozone-related premature mortality globally and for eight geographic regions. Our methods are consistent with those used by the US Government to estimate the social cost of carbon (SCC). We find that the global short- and long-term premature mortality benefits due to reduced ozone production from methane mitigation are (2011) $790 and $1775 per tonne methane, respectively. These correspond to approximately 70 and 150 % of the valuation of methane’s global climate impacts using the SCC after extrapolating from carbon dioxide to methane using global warming potential estimates. Results for monetized benefits are sensitive to a number of factors, particularly the choice of elasticity to income growth used when calculating the value of a statistical life. The benefits increase for emission years further in the future. Regionally, most of the global mortality benefits accrue in Asia, but 10 % accrue in the United States. This methodology can be used to assess the benefits of methane emission reductions anywhere in the world, including those achieved by national and multinational policies.'
    Author: 'Sarofim, Marcus C.; Waldhoff, Stephanie T.; Anenberg, Susan C.'
    DOI: 10.1007/s10640-015-9937-6
    Date: January 01
    ISSN: 1573-1502
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Environmental and Resource Economics
    Pages: 45-63
    Title: Valuing the ozone-related health benefits of methane emission controls
    Type of Article: journal article
    Volume: 66
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 24243
    _uuid: f9143a5a-8bb1-4d1f-a63f-d1a49588241b
    reftype: Journal Article
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Kinsman, Nicole E.M.; DeRaps, Meagan R'
    DOI: 10.14509/24484
    Institution: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
    Pages: 51
    Place Published: Fairbanks
    Report Number: 'Report of Investigation 2012-2, v. 1.1'
    Title: 'Coastal hazard field investigations in response to the November 2011 Bering Sea Storm, Norton Sound, Alaska'
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 25848
    _uuid: f9199c06-d3be-4994-a638-226cdc4ebc88
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/coastal-hazard-field-investigations-response-november-2011-bering-sea-storm-norton-sound-alaska
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f9199c06-d3be-4994-a638-226cdc4ebc88.yaml
  identifier: f9199c06-d3be-4994-a638-226cdc4ebc88
  uri: /reference/f9199c06-d3be-4994-a638-226cdc4ebc88
- attrs:
    .publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Marklein, Alison R.\rHoulton, Benjamin Z."
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03967.x
    ISSN: 1469-8137
    Issue: 3
    Journal: New Phytologist
    Keywords: "extracellular enzyme\rmeta-analysis\rnitrogen\rnitrogen deposition\rnutrient availability\rnutrient limitation\rphosphatase\rphosphorus"
    Pages: 696-704
    Title: Nitrogen inputs accelerate phosphorus cycling rates across a wide variety of terrestrial ecosystems
    URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03967.x/pdf
    Volume: 193
    Year: 2012
    _chapter: '["Ch. 15: Biogeochemical FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 4612
    _uuid: f91a479f-9572-4ebf-9d5a-53947ae91bea
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03967.x
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  uri: /reference/f91a479f-9572-4ebf-9d5a-53947ae91bea
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Stendardo, I.; Gruber, N.'
    DOI: 10.1029/2012JC007909
    Issue: C11
    Journal: Journal of Geophysical Research
    Keywords: 'North Atlantic; climate change; deoxygenation; heat content; oxygen changes; water masses; 1635 Oceans; 4215 Climate and interannual variability; 4273 Physical and biogeochemical interactions; 4283 Water masses; 4805 Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling'
    Pages: C11004
    Title: Oxygen trends over five decades in the North Atlantic
    Volume: 117
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 20042
    _uuid: f922e72a-cab2-4d4c-83ef-ecbd9af57e49
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1029/2012JC007909
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f922e72a-cab2-4d4c-83ef-ecbd9af57e49.yaml
  identifier: f922e72a-cab2-4d4c-83ef-ecbd9af57e49
  uri: /reference/f922e72a-cab2-4d4c-83ef-ecbd9af57e49
- attrs:
    Author: "Lu, Weizhi; Xiao, Jingfeng; Liu, Fang; Zhang, Yue; Liu, Chang'an; Lin, Guanghui"
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13424
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Global Change Biology
    Keywords: carbon budget; cross-site synthesis; ecosystem respiration; gross primary productivity; mangroves; marshes; net ecosystem productivity
    Pages: 1180-1198
    Title: 'Contrasting ecosystem CO2 fluxes of inland and coastal wetlands: a meta-analysis of eddy covariance data'
    Volume: 23
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 2414
    _uuid: f9287dca-e45b-4f7a-a0b7-98927ff4bff0
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: ~
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  identifier: f9287dca-e45b-4f7a-a0b7-98927ff4bff0
  uri: /reference/f9287dca-e45b-4f7a-a0b7-98927ff4bff0
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Holland, G.J.\rWebster, P.J."
    DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2007.2083
    ISSN: 1471-2962
    Issue: 1860
    Journal: 'Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences'
    Pages: 2695-2716
    Title: 'Heightened tropical cyclone activity in the North Atlantic: Natural variability or climate trend?'
    URL: http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/365/1860/2695.full.pdf+html
    Volume: 365
    Year: 2007
    _chapter: '["Appendix 3: Climate Science FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 841
    _uuid: f9290da3-323a-4727-aa13-33bfcec7c887
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1098/rsta.2007.2083
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f9290da3-323a-4727-aa13-33bfcec7c887.yaml
  identifier: f9290da3-323a-4727-aa13-33bfcec7c887
  uri: /reference/f9290da3-323a-4727-aa13-33bfcec7c887
- attrs:
    Author: 'McGuire, A. David; Koven, Charles; Lawrence, David M.; Clein, Joy S.; Xia, Jiangyang; Beer, Christian; Burke, Eleanor; Chen, Guangsheng; Chen, Xiaodong; Delire, Christine; Jafarov, Elchin; MacDougall, Andrew H.; Marchenko, Sergey; Nicolsky, Dmitry; Peng, Shushi; Rinke, Annette; Saito, Kazuyuki; Zhang, Wenxin; Alkama, Ramdane; Bohn, Theodore J.; Ciais, Philippe; Decharme, Bertrand; Ekici, Altug; Gouttevin, Isabelle; Hajima, Tomohiro; Hayes, Daniel J.; Ji, Duoying; Krinner, Gerhard; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.; Luo, Yiqi; Miller, Paul A.; Moore, John C.; Romanovsky, Vladimir; Schädel, Christina; Schaefer, Kevin; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Smith, Benjamin; Sueyoshi, Tetsuo; Zhuang, Qianlai'
    DOI: 10.1002/2016gb005405
    ISSN: 08866236
    Issue: 7
    Journal: Global Biogeochemical Cycles
    Pages: 1015-1037
    Title: Variability in the Sensitivity Among Model Simulations of Permafrost and Carbon Dynamics in the Permafrost Region Between 1960 and 2009
    Volume: 30
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 1484
    _uuid: f92d575d-bf78-441e-9a08-59b447853c36
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f92d575d-bf78-441e-9a08-59b447853c36.yaml
  identifier: f92d575d-bf78-441e-9a08-59b447853c36
  uri: /reference/f92d575d-bf78-441e-9a08-59b447853c36
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Church, John A.; White, Neil J.'
    DOI: 10.1029/2005GL024826
    ISSN: 1944-8007
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Geophysical Research Letters
    Keywords: '1620 Climate dynamics; 1635 Oceans; 4215 Climate and interannual variability; 4556 Sea level: variations and mean'
    Pages: L01602
    Title: A 20th century acceleration in global sea-level rise
    Volume: 33
    Year: 2006
    _record_number: 20634
    _uuid: f935f0bf-548c-4e70-a69e-b1f2a310664c
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1029/2005GL024826
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f935f0bf-548c-4e70-a69e-b1f2a310664c.yaml
  identifier: f935f0bf-548c-4e70-a69e-b1f2a310664c
  uri: /reference/f935f0bf-548c-4e70-a69e-b1f2a310664c
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Collins, Timothy W.; Jimenez, Anthony M.; Grineski, Sara E.'
    DOI: 10.1007/s10903-012-9626-2
    ISSN: 1557-1920
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health
    Pages: 415-426
    Title: 'Hispanic health disparities after a flood disaster: Results of a population-based survey of individuals experiencing home site damage in El Paso (Texas, USA)'
    Volume: 15
    Year: 2013
    _chapter: Ch7
    _record_number: 16297
    _uuid: f9399ac9-ce3e-43fc-9b99-654a5786f2e9
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10903-012-9626-2
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f9399ac9-ce3e-43fc-9b99-654a5786f2e9.yaml
  identifier: f9399ac9-ce3e-43fc-9b99-654a5786f2e9
  uri: /reference/f9399ac9-ce3e-43fc-9b99-654a5786f2e9
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Cross, J., ; J. Mathis, ; N. Monacci, ; S. Musielewicz, ; S. Maenner,; J. Osborne'
    DOI: 10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.TSM_M2_164W_57N
    Institution: ' Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn'
    Title: High-Resolution Ocean and Atmosphere pCO2 Time-series Measurements from Mooring M2_164W_57N (NCEI Accession 0157599)
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 3158
    _uuid: f93ef654-beec-416c-8401-4e8bf3b25c9a
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f93ef654-beec-416c-8401-4e8bf3b25c9a.yaml
  identifier: f93ef654-beec-416c-8401-4e8bf3b25c9a
  uri: /reference/f93ef654-beec-416c-8401-4e8bf3b25c9a
- attrs:
    .publisher: American Meteorological Society
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Pelto, M. S.'
    DOI: 10.1175/2015BAMSStateoftheClimate.1
    Date: 2015/07/01
    ISSN: 0003-0007
    Issue: 7
    Journal: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
    Pages: S19-S20
    Title: '[Global Climate] Alpine glaciers [in “State of the Climate in 2014”]'
    Volume: 96 (12)
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 19468
    _uuid: f945ceba-fbd1-40d1-a841-5dc8cd832478
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /report/bams-state-of-the-climate-2014
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f945ceba-fbd1-40d1-a841-5dc8cd832478.yaml
  identifier: f945ceba-fbd1-40d1-a841-5dc8cd832478
  uri: /reference/f945ceba-fbd1-40d1-a841-5dc8cd832478
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Climate change affects the phenology of many species. As temperature and precipitation are thought to control autumn color change in temperate deciduous trees, it is possible that climate change might also affect the phenology of autumn colors. Using long-term data for eight tree species in a New England hardwood forest, we show that the timing and cumulative amount of autumn color are correlated with variation in temperature and precipitation at specific times of the year. A phenological model driven by accumulated cold degree-days and photoperiod reproduces most of the interspecific and interannual variability in the timing of autumn colors. We use this process-oriented model to predict changes in the phenology of autumn colors to 2099, showing that, while responses vary among species, climate change under standard IPCC projections will lead to an overall increase in the amount of autumn colors for most species.'
    Author: "Archetti, Marco; Richardson, Andrew D.; O'Keefe, John; Delpierre, Nicolas"
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057373
    Issue: 3
    Journal: PLOS ONE
    Pages: e57373
    Publisher: Public Library of Science
    Title: Predicting climate change impacts on the amount and duration of autumn colors in a New England forest
    Volume: 8
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 21866
    _uuid: f947ac52-b0ce-4279-9925-63584393c70b
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1371/journal.pone.0057373
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  identifier: f947ac52-b0ce-4279-9925-63584393c70b
  uri: /reference/f947ac52-b0ce-4279-9925-63584393c70b
- attrs:
    Author: 'Sohngen, Brent; Tian, Xiaohui'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2016.06.011
    Date: 2016/11/01/
    ISSN: 1389-9341
    Journal: Forest Policy and Economics
    Keywords: Climate change; Dynamic optimization; Dieback; Disturbance; Ecosystems
    Pages: 18-26
    Title: Global climate change impacts on forests and markets
    Volume: 72
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 25952
    _uuid: f94aeb69-a134-4e78-a5fd-943b0b4a9e95
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.forpol.2016.06.011
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f94aeb69-a134-4e78-a5fd-943b0b4a9e95.yaml
  identifier: f94aeb69-a134-4e78-a5fd-943b0b4a9e95
  uri: /reference/f94aeb69-a134-4e78-a5fd-943b0b4a9e95
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Major changes are occurring with far reaching implications for the existing equilibria or disequilibria in the water-energy-food-environment interface. The increased demand of energy worldwide will reflect directly and indirectly on water-dependent systems. Direct implications will come from higher energy prices, which make extraction and conveyance of water more costly. Indirect implications will be in the form of demand for alternative energy sources. It triggers demand for hydropower and remains a major driver—along with some environmental policies—for biofuel expansion. The key question is how these effects may alter water allocation and influence food security, rural poverty and environmental sustainability. This paper sets the background and context of this special issue by highlighting some of the major water-related policy issues related to the subject and provides an overview and synthesis of the papers in this special issue. Besides offering insight into how these papers address these questions in the practical context of few selected countries and basins, this paper also indicates some key areas for future research on the subject.%U ; http://wp.iwaponline.com/content/ppiwawaterpol/10/S1/1.full.pdf'
    Author: 'Hellegers, Petra; Zilberman, David; Steduto, Pasquale; McCornick, Peter'
    DOI: 10.2166/wp.2008.048
    Issue: S1
    Journal: Water Policy
    Pages: 1-10
    Title: 'Interactions between water, energy, food and environment: Evolving perspectives and policy issues'
    Volume: 10
    Year: 2008
    _record_number: 23256
    _uuid: f94be101-daad-4c14-9a81-81dc9e8c71c0
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.2166/wp.2008.048
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  identifier: f94be101-daad-4c14-9a81-81dc9e8c71c0
  uri: /reference/f94be101-daad-4c14-9a81-81dc9e8c71c0
- attrs:
    Author: 'O’Neill, Brian C.; Kriegler, Elmar; Ebi, Kristie L.; Kemp-Benedict, Eric; Riahi, Keywan; Rothman, Dale S.; van Ruijven, Bas J.; van Vuuren, Detlef P.; Birkmann, Joern; Kok, Kasper; Levy, Marc; Solecki, William'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.01.004
    ISSN: 09593780
    Journal: Global Environmental Change
    Pages: 169-180
    Title: 'The roads ahead: Narratives for shared socioeconomic pathways describing world futures in the 21st century'
    Volume: 42
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 1200
    _uuid: f95c99a8-2ae1-49c2-ab66-6408edf57c7c
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.01.004
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f95c99a8-2ae1-49c2-ab66-6408edf57c7c.yaml
  identifier: f95c99a8-2ae1-49c2-ab66-6408edf57c7c
  uri: /reference/f95c99a8-2ae1-49c2-ab66-6408edf57c7c
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Parkinson, C. L.; Cavalieri, D. J.; Gloersen, P.; Zwally, H. J.; Comiso, J. C.'
    ISSN: 2169-9291
    Issue: C9
    Journal: 'Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans'
    Pages: 20837-20856
    Title: 'Arctic sea ice extents, areas, and trends, 1978–1996'
    Type of Article: Article
    Volume: 104
    Year: 1999
    _uuid: f960a52e-3a76-432e-b22c-c92973d1aff8
    doi: 10.1029/1999JC900082
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1029/1999JC900082
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f960a52e-3a76-432e-b22c-c92973d1aff8.yaml
  identifier: f960a52e-3a76-432e-b22c-c92973d1aff8
  uri: /reference/f960a52e-3a76-432e-b22c-c92973d1aff8
- attrs:
    .publisher: Copernicus Publications
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Ward, D. S.; Mahowald, N. M.'
    DOI: 10.5194/esd-6-175-2015
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Earth System Dynamics
    Pages: 175-194
    Title: Local sources of global climate forcing from different categories of land use activities
    Volume: 6
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 20361
    _uuid: f967330f-1e7b-4cde-9840-517357b7d3f4
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.5194/esd-6-175-2015
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f967330f-1e7b-4cde-9840-517357b7d3f4.yaml
  identifier: f967330f-1e7b-4cde-9840-517357b7d3f4
  uri: /reference/f967330f-1e7b-4cde-9840-517357b7d3f4
- attrs:
    Author: 'Dale, Virginia H'
    DOI: '10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[0753:TRBLUC]2.0.CO;2'
    ISSN: 1939-5582
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Ecological Applications
    Pages: 753-769
    Title: The relationship between land‐use change and climate change
    Volume: 7
    Year: 1997
    _record_number: 22572
    _uuid: f967d28c-1a09-4b87-a820-38a3b2558eee
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007%5B0753:TRBLUC%5D2.0.CO;2
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f967d28c-1a09-4b87-a820-38a3b2558eee.yaml
  identifier: f967d28c-1a09-4b87-a820-38a3b2558eee
  uri: /reference/f967d28c-1a09-4b87-a820-38a3b2558eee
- attrs:
    Author: 'Pielke, Roger A.; Mahmood, Rezaul; McAlpine, Clive'
    DOI: 10.1063/pt.3.3364
    ISSN: "0031-9228\r1945-0699"
    Issue: 11
    Journal: Physics Today
    Pages: 40-46
    Title: Land’s Complex Role in Climate Change
    Volume: 69
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 3678
    _uuid: f9687b5b-ad05-43bc-9941-22bbd390412c
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f9687b5b-ad05-43bc-9941-22bbd390412c.yaml
  identifier: f9687b5b-ad05-43bc-9941-22bbd390412c
  uri: /reference/f9687b5b-ad05-43bc-9941-22bbd390412c
- attrs:
    Author: 'Syvitski, James P  M; Milliman, John D'
    DOI: 10.1086/509246
    ISSN: "0022-1376\r1537-5269"
    Issue: 1
    Journal: The Journal of Geology
    Pages: 1-19
    Title: 'Geology, Geography, and Humans Battle for Dominance over the Delivery of Fluvial Sediment to the Coastal Ocean'
    Volume: 115
    Year: 2007
    _record_number: 2698
    _uuid: f96c3bc7-3e8d-4655-a67c-ae5a17f5c20e
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f96c3bc7-3e8d-4655-a67c-ae5a17f5c20e.yaml
  identifier: f96c3bc7-3e8d-4655-a67c-ae5a17f5c20e
  uri: /reference/f96c3bc7-3e8d-4655-a67c-ae5a17f5c20e
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Heat waves are among the most dangerous climate-related hazards, and they are projected to increase in frequency and intensity over the coming century. Exposure to heat waves is a function of the spatial distribution of physical events and the corresponding population distribution, and future exposure will be impacted by changes in both distributions. Here, we project future exposure using ensembles of climate projections that account for the urban heat island effect, for two alternative emission scenarios (RCP4.5/RCP8.5) and two alternative population and urbanization (SSP3/SSP5) outcomes. We characterize exposure at the global, regional, and grid-cell level; estimate the exposure that would be avoided by mitigating future levels of climate change (to RCP4.5); and quantify the dependence of exposure on population outcomes. We find that climate change is a stronger determinant of exposure than demographic change in these scenarios, with a global reduction in exposure of over 50% under a lower emissions pathway, while a slower population growth pathway leads to roughly 30% less exposure. Exposure reduction varies at the regional level, but in almost all cases, the RCP remains more influential than the SSP. Uncertainty in outcomes is dominated by inter-annual variability in heat extremes (relative to variability across initial condition ensemble members). For some regions, this variability is large enough that a reduction in annual exposure is not guaranteed in each individual year by following the lower forcing pathway. Finally, we find that explicitly considering the urban heat island effect and separate urban and rural heat extremes and populations can substantially influence results, generally increasing projected exposure.'
    Author: 'Jones, Bryan; Tebaldi, Claudia; O’Neill, Brian C.; Oleson, Keith; Gao, Jing'
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-017-2133-7
    Date: February 01
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Climatic Change
    Pages: 423-437
    Title: 'Avoiding population exposure to heat-related extremes: Demographic change vs climate change'
    Type of Article: journal article
    Volume: 146
    Year: 2018
    _record_number: 25322
    _uuid: f9703346-dc6b-4b3e-aad6-2643c74f5292
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-017-2133-7
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f9703346-dc6b-4b3e-aad6-2643c74f5292.yaml
  identifier: f9703346-dc6b-4b3e-aad6-2643c74f5292
  uri: /reference/f9703346-dc6b-4b3e-aad6-2643c74f5292
- attrs:
    Author: 'Cottle, Paul; Strawbridge, Kevin; McKendry, Ian'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.03.005
    Date: 2014/06/01/
    ISSN: 1352-2310
    Journal: Atmospheric Environment
    Keywords: Lidar; Aerosols; Long range transport; Smoke; Air quality; 2012
    Pages: 71-77
    Title: 'Long-range transport of Siberian wildfire smoke to British Columbia: Lidar observations and air quality impacts'
    Volume: 90
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 24269
    _uuid: f9710d56-e7a2-4b57-98e9-abefcf53ff6e
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.03.005
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f9710d56-e7a2-4b57-98e9-abefcf53ff6e.yaml
  identifier: f9710d56-e7a2-4b57-98e9-abefcf53ff6e
  uri: /reference/f9710d56-e7a2-4b57-98e9-abefcf53ff6e
- attrs:
    Author: 'D’Amato, G.; Cecchi, L.; D’Amato, M.; Liccardi, G.'
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology
    Pages: 95-102
    Title: 'Urban air pollution and climate change as environmental risk factors of respiratory allergy: An update'
    URL: http://www.jiaci.org/issues/vol20issue2/1.pdf
    Volume: 20
    Year: 2010
    _record_number: 24214
    _uuid: f978dc0e-2a56-4bc9-9c67-d2f2a1de0914
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/pmc-20461963
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f978dc0e-2a56-4bc9-9c67-d2f2a1de0914.yaml
  identifier: f978dc0e-2a56-4bc9-9c67-d2f2a1de0914
  uri: /reference/f978dc0e-2a56-4bc9-9c67-d2f2a1de0914
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: "Animal studies have suggested that fine particulate matter (PM) can translocate from the upper respiratory tract to the brain and cause brain inflammation. Brain inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Hypothesizing therefore that long-term exposure to fine PM might contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the objective of this study was to investigate the association between exposure to fine PM and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) which is associated with a high risk of progression to AD. A study group of 399 women aged 68-79 years who lived for more than 20 years at the same residential address has been assessed for long-term exposure to PM and tested for MCI. The exposure assessment comprised background concentration of PM(10) and traffic-related PM indicated by the distance of the residential address to the next busy road. The women were assessed for MCI by a battery of several neuropsychological tests and their odor identification ability. Consistent effects of traffic-related air pollution exposure on test performances including a dose-response relation were found. The associations were adjusted for potential confounders using regression analysis. These results indicate that chronic exposure to traffic-related PM may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD."
    Author: 'Ranft, U.; Schikowski, T.; Sugiri, D.; Krutmann, J.; Kramer, U.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2009.08.003
    Date: Nov
    ISSN: 0013-9351
    Issue: 8
    Journal: Environmental Research
    Keywords: Aged; Cognition Disorders/*chemically induced; *Environmental Exposure; Humans; Vehicle Emissions/*toxicity
    Language: eng
    Notes: "1096-0953 Ranft, Ulrich Schikowski, Tamara Sugiri, Dorothee Krutmann, Jean Kramer, Ursula Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't United States Environ Res. 2009 Nov;109(8):1004-11. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2009.08.003. Epub 2009 Sep 4."
    Pages: 1004-1011
    Title: Long-term exposure to traffic-related particulate matter impairs cognitive function in the elderly
    Volume: 109
    Year: 2009
    _record_number: 18164
    _uuid: f97a9f54-fd6c-471e-9bb2-f1459f41c403
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.envres.2009.08.003
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  uri: /reference/f97a9f54-fd6c-471e-9bb2-f1459f41c403
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'B. D. Santer; Soloman, S.; Wentz, F. J.; Fu, Q.; Po-Chedley, S.; Mears, C.; Painter, J. F.; Bonfils, C.'
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02520-7
    Journal: Scientific Reports
    Pages: 2336
    Title: Tropospheric warming over the past two decades
    Volume: 7
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 20756
    _uuid: f97bcbc6-134a-42e2-ad5e-e9d77cada3fa
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1038/s41598-017-02520-7
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f97bcbc6-134a-42e2-ad5e-e9d77cada3fa.yaml
  identifier: f97bcbc6-134a-42e2-ad5e-e9d77cada3fa
  uri: /reference/f97bcbc6-134a-42e2-ad5e-e9d77cada3fa
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'CBO,'
    Date: September 2009
    Institution: Congressional Budget Office
    Pages: 30
    Place Published: 'Washington, D.C.'
    Title: 'The Economic Effects of Legislation to Reduce Greenhouse-Gas Emissions '
    URL: http://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/ftpdocs/105xx/doc10573/09-17-greenhouse-gas.pdf
    Year: 2009
    _chapter: '["Ch. 26: Decision Support FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 564
    _uuid: f97d6273-3222-4046-8ae0-5e4c45d65e21
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/cbo-economic-2009
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f97d6273-3222-4046-8ae0-5e4c45d65e21.yaml
  identifier: f97d6273-3222-4046-8ae0-5e4c45d65e21
  uri: /reference/f97d6273-3222-4046-8ae0-5e4c45d65e21
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 16
    Access Date: 'Tuesday, 9 August 2016 '
    Author: 'U.S. Census,'
    Title: Population Estimates
    URL: https://www.census.gov/popest/
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 504
    _uuid: f97d8026-7c10-4844-b7ae-c39b7bf46455
    reftype: Web Page
  child_publication: ~
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f97d8026-7c10-4844-b7ae-c39b7bf46455.yaml
  identifier: f97d8026-7c10-4844-b7ae-c39b7bf46455
  uri: /reference/f97d8026-7c10-4844-b7ae-c39b7bf46455
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Climate change predictions derived from coupled carbon-climate models are highly dependent on assumptions about feedbacks between the biosphere and atmosphere. One critical feedback occurs if C uptake by the biosphere increases in response to the fossil-fuel driven increase in atmospheric [CO2] (“CO2 fertilization”), thereby slowing the rate of increase in atmospheric [CO2]. Carbon exchanges between the terrestrial biosphere and atmosphere are often first represented in models as net primary productivity (NPP). However, the contribution of CO2 fertilization to the future global C cycle has been uncertain, especially in forest ecosystems that dominate global NPP, and models that include a feedback between terrestrial biosphere metabolism and atmospheric [CO2] are poorly constrained by experimental evidence. We analyzed the response of NPP to elevated CO2 (≈550 ppm) in four free-air CO2 enrichment experiments in forest stands. We show that the response of forest NPP to elevated [CO2] is highly conserved across a broad range of productivity, with a stimulation at the median of 23 ± 2%. At low leaf area indices, a large portion of the response was attributable to increased light absorption, but as leaf area indices increased, the response to elevated [CO2] was wholly caused by increased light-use efficiency. The surprising consistency of response across diverse sites provides a benchmark to evaluate predictions of ecosystem and global models and allows us now to focus on unresolved questions about carbon partitioning and retention, and spatial variation in NPP response caused by availability of other growth limiting resources.'
    Author: 'Norby, Richard J.; DeLucia, Evan H.; Gielen, Birgit; Calfapietra, Carlo; Giardina, Christian P.; King, John S.; Ledford, Joanne; McCarthy, Heather R.; Moore, David J. P.; Ceulemans, Reinhart; De Angelis, Paolo; Finzi, Adrien C.; Karnosky, David F.; Kubiske, Mark E.; Lukac, Martin; Pregitzer, Kurt S.; Scarascia-Mugnozza, Giuseppe E.; Schlesinger, William H.; Oren, Ram'
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0509478102
    Date: 'December 13, 2005'
    Issue: 50
    Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    Pages: 18052-18056
    Title: Forest response to elevated CO2 is conserved across a broad range of productivity
    Volume: 102
    Year: 2005
    _record_number: 20352
    _uuid: f97ec80a-674a-43a6-ad1a-ffe628e59c04
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.0509478102
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f97ec80a-674a-43a6-ad1a-ffe628e59c04.yaml
  identifier: f97ec80a-674a-43a6-ad1a-ffe628e59c04
  uri: /reference/f97ec80a-674a-43a6-ad1a-ffe628e59c04
- attrs:
    .publisher: Nature Publishing Group
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Nowack, Peer J.; Luke Abraham, N.; Maycock, Amanda C.; Braesicke, Peter; Gregory, Jonathan M.; Joshi, Manoj M.; Osprey, Annette; Pyle, John A.'
    DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2451
    Date: 01//print
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Nature Climate Change
    Pages: 41-45
    Title: A large ozone-circulation feedback and its implications for global warming assessments
    Volume: 5
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 19511
    _uuid: f97edf05-a81e-4548-a2a1-a9e254c8395b
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1038/nclimate2451
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f97edf05-a81e-4548-a2a1-a9e254c8395b.yaml
  identifier: f97edf05-a81e-4548-a2a1-a9e254c8395b
  uri: /reference/f97edf05-a81e-4548-a2a1-a9e254c8395b
- attrs:
    .publisher: 'Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.'
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Deschamps, Pierre; Durand, Nicolas; Bard, Edouard; Hamelin, Bruno; Camoin, Gilbert; Thomas, Alexander L.; Henderson, Gideon M.; Okuno, Jun'ichi; Yokoyama, Yusuke"
    DOI: 10.1038/nature10902
    Date: 03/29/print
    Issue: 7391
    Journal: Nature
    Pages: 559-564
    Title: 'Ice-sheet collapse and sea-level rise at the Bolling warming 14,600 years ago	'
    Volume: 483
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 20768
    _uuid: f981cd8e-b902-4e1b-9174-aa3ca8adebd8
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    Author: "Huntington, Justin L.\rNiswonger, Richard G."
    DOI: 10.1029/2012wr012319
    ISSN: 1944-7973
    Issue: 11
    Journal: Water Resources Research
    Keywords: "climate change\rfuture streamflow and baseflows\rgroundwater recharge\rintegrated modeling\rsnowmelt\rsurface and groundwater interactions\r1807 Climate impacts\r1830 Groundwater/surface water interaction\r1833 Hydroclimatology\r1847 Modeling"
    Pages: W11524
    Title: 'Role of surface-water and groundwater interactions on projected summertime streamflow in snow dominated regions: An integrated modeling approach'
    URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2012WR012319/pdf
    Volume: 48
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    _chapter: '["Ch. 3: Water Resources FINAL"]'
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    Author: 'Abbott, Thorne'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.12.010
    ISSN: 0964-5691
    Journal: Ocean & Coastal Management
    Pages: 13-21
    Title: 'Shifting shorelines and political winds – The complexities of implementing the simple idea of shoreline setbacks for oceanfront developments in Maui, Hawaii'
    URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0964569112003353
    Volume: 73
    Year: 2013
    _chapter: '["Ch. 25: Coastal Zone FINAL","RG 10 Coasts"]'
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    .publisher: 'Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.'
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    Author: 'Zeng, Ning; Zhao, Fang; Collatz, George J.; Kalnay, Eugenia; Salawitch, Ross J.; West, Tristram O.; Guanter, Luis'
    DOI: 10.1038/nature13893
    Date: 11/20/print
    Issue: 7527
    Journal: Nature
    Pages: 394-397
    Title: Agricultural green revolution as a driver of increasing atmospheric CO2 seasonal amplitude
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    Abstract: 'This study examines the characteristics of a large number of extreme rain events over the eastern two-thirds of the United States. Over a 5-yr period, 184 events are identified where the 24-h precipitation total at one or more stations exceeds the 50-yr recurrence amount for that location. Over the entire region of study, these events are most common in July. In the northern United States, extreme rain events are confined almost exclusively to the warm season; in the southern part of the country, these events are distributed more evenly throughout the year. National composite radar reflectivity data are used to classify each event as a mesoscale convective system (MCS), a synoptic system, or a tropical system, and then to classify the MCS and synoptic events into subclassifications based on their organizational structures. This analysis shows that 66% of all the events and 74% of the warm-season events are associated with MCSs; nearly all of the cool-season events are caused by storms with strong synoptic forcing. Similarly, nearly all of the extreme rain events in the northern part of the country are caused by MCSs; synoptic and tropical systems play a larger role in the South and East. MCS-related events are found to most commonly begin at around 1800 local standard time (LST), produce their peak rainfall between 2100 and 2300 LST, and dissipate or move out of the affected area by 0300 LST.'
    Author: Russ S. Schumacher; Richard H. Johnson
    DOI: 10.1175/waf900.1
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Weather and Forecasting
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    Title: Characteristics of U.S. extreme rain events during 1999–2003
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    Year: 2006
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    DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02519.x
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Global Change Biology
    Keywords: active layer; Alaska; carbon isotopes; methane; radiocarbon; relative climate forcing; substrate quality; yedoma
    Pages: 515-527
    Title: The rate of permafrost carbon release under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and its potential effects on climate
    Volume: 18
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 1914
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    Author: 'Gregory, J. M.; Jones, C. D.; Cadule, P.; Friedlingstein, P.'
    DOI: 10.1175/2009jcli2949.1
    ISSN: "0894-8755\r1520-0442"
    Issue: 19
    Journal: Journal of Climate
    Pages: 5232-5250
    Title: Quantifying Carbon Cycle Feedbacks
    Volume: 22
    Year: 2009
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    Author: "Sathaye, Jayant A.\rDale, Larry L.\rLarsen, Peter H.\rFitts, Gary A.\rKoy, Kevin\rLewis, Sarah M.\rde Lucena, André Frossard Pereira"
    DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.12.005
    Date: 4//
    ISSN: 0959-3780
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Global Environmental Change
    Keywords: "Climate change impacts\rElectricity\rPeak Load\rCalifornia"
    Pages: 499-511
    Title: Estimating impacts of warming temperatures on California's electricity system
    Volume: 23
    Year: 2013
    _chapter: '["Ch. 4: Energy Supply and Use FINAL"]'
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    Author: 'Dyk, A.; Leckie, D.; Tinis, S.; Ortlepp, S.'
    Document Number: BC-X-439
    Institution: 'Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre'
    Pages: 30
    Place Published: 'Victoria, British Columbia'
    Title: 'Canada’s National Deforestation Monitoring System: System Description'
    Year: 2015
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    Author: 'Wallace, Ryan B.; Baumann, Hannes; Grear, Jason S.; Aller, Robert C.; Gobler, Christopher J.'
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    ISSN: 02727714
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    Title: 'Coastal Ocean Acidification: the Other Eutrophication Problem'
    Volume: 148
    Year: 2014
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    _uuid: f9abb248-cd6a-494c-8ccd-bac299f2910c
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    Title: Demographic Trends in the 20th Century
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