---
attrs:
  .reference_type: 0
  Abstract: 'To determine risk for West Nile virus (WNV) neuroinvasive disease in North Dakota, we tested plasma samples from blood donors for WNV IgG and compared infection rates with reported WNV neuroinvasive disease incidence. We estimate that 1 in 244 WNV infections leads to neuroinvasive disease; risk is substantially increased among men and older persons.'
  Author: 'Carson, Paul J.; Borchardt, Stephanie M.; Custer, Brian; Prince, Harry E.; Dunn-Williams, Joan; Winkelman, Valerie; Tobler, Leslie; Biggerstaff, Brad J.; Lanciotti, Robert; Petersen, Lyle R.; Busch, Michael P.'
  DOI: 10.3201/eid1804.111313
  Date: Apr
  ISSN: 1080-6059
  Issue: 4
  Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases
  Keywords: 'Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Viral/blood; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Meningitis, Viral/*epidemiology/immunology/virology; Middle Aged; North Dakota/epidemiology; Risk Factors; Seroepidemiologic Studies; West Nile Fever/*epidemiology/immunology/virology; West Nile virus/*immunology; Young Adult'
  Notes: 'Carson, Paul J Borchardt, Stephanie M Custer, Brian Prince, Harry E Dunn-Williams, Joan Winkelman, Valerie Tobler, Leslie Biggerstaff, Brad J Lanciotti, Robert Petersen, Lyle R Busch, Michael P eng R01-CI-000214/CI/NCPDCID CDC HHS/ RC2-HL-101632/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural 2012/04/04 06:00 Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 Apr;18(4):684-6. doi: 10.3201/eid1804.111313.'
  Pages: 684-686
  Title: 'Neuroinvasive disease and West Nile virus infection, North Dakota, USA, 1999–2008'
  Volume: 18
  Year: 2012
  _record_number: 17996
  _uuid: 077398bd-a95f-495e-9d92-50533879a897
  reftype: Journal Article
child_publication: /article/10.3201/eid1804.111313
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/077398bd-a95f-495e-9d92-50533879a897.yaml
identifier: 077398bd-a95f-495e-9d92-50533879a897
publications:
  - /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016
  - /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/vectorborne-diseases
uri: /reference/077398bd-a95f-495e-9d92-50533879a897