---
attrs:
  .publisher: AGU
  .reference_type: 0
  Abstract: 'Lake Superior summer (July-September) surface water temperatures have increased approximately 2.5°C over the interval 1979-2006, equivalent to a rate of (11 ± 6) × 10^-2°C yr^-1, significantly in excess of regional atmospheric warming. This discrepancy is caused by declining winter ice cover, which is causing the onset of the positively stratified season to occur earlier at a rate of roughly a half day per year. An earlier start of the stratified season significantly increases the period over which the lake warms during the summer months, leading to a stronger trend in mean summer temperatures than would be expected from changes in summer air temperature alone.'
  Author: "Austin, Jay A.\rColman, Steven M."
  DOI: 10.1029/2006GL029021
  ISSN: 0094-8276
  Issue: 6
  Journal: Geophysical Research Letters
  Keywords: 'Lake Superior; climate change; ice; 0746 Cryosphere: Lakes; 1630 Global Change: Impacts of global change; 1637 Global Change: Regional climate change; 1845 Hydrology: Limnology; 4239 Oceanography: General: Limnology'
  Pages: L06604
  Title: 'Lake Superior summer water temperatures are increasing more rapidly than regional air temperatures: A positive ice-albedo feedback'
  URL: http://www.cee.mtu.edu/~reh/papers/pubs/non_Honrath/austin07_2006GL029021.pdf
  Volume: 34
  Year: 2007
  _chapter: '["Ch. 18: Midwest FINAL"]'
  _record_number: 1026
  _uuid: b63bd0c7-4a60-4486-86b1-94a8b86b32da
  reftype: Journal Article
child_publication: /article/10.1029/2006GL029021
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b63bd0c7-4a60-4486-86b1-94a8b86b32da.yaml
identifier: b63bd0c7-4a60-4486-86b1-94a8b86b32da
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  - /report/nca4/chapter/midwest
uri: /reference/b63bd0c7-4a60-4486-86b1-94a8b86b32da