--- - attrs: .publisher: 'Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.' .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Reichstein, Markus; Bahn, Michael; Ciais, Philippe; Frank, Dorothea; Mahecha, Miguel D.; Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Zscheischler, Jakob; Beer, Christian; Buchmann, Nina; Frank, David C.; Papale, Dario; Rammig, Anja; Smith, Pete; Thonicke, Kirsten; van der Velde, Marijn; Vicca, Sara; Walz, Ariane; Wattenbach, Martin' DOI: 10.1038/nature12350 Date: 08/15/print Issue: 7462 Journal: Nature Pages: 287-295 Title: Climate extremes and the carbon cycle Volume: 500 Year: 2013 _record_number: 20353 _uuid: 04604a57-6638-4154-bc44-6e0997d727f4 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/nature12350 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/04604a57-6638-4154-bc44-6e0997d727f4.yaml identifier: 04604a57-6638-4154-bc44-6e0997d727f4 uri: /reference/04604a57-6638-4154-bc44-6e0997d727f4 - attrs: .publisher: 'Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.' .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Keenan, Trevor F.; Hollinger, David Y.; Bohrer, Gil; Dragoni, Danilo; Munger, J. William; Schmid, Hans Peter; Richardson, Andrew D.' DOI: 10.1038/nature12291 Date: 07/18/print Issue: 7458 Journal: Nature Pages: 324-327 Title: Increase in forest water-use efficiency as atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations rise Volume: 499 Year: 2013 _record_number: 20347 _uuid: 3b6c1b16-374c-4201-82e2-d7126fbb47de reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/nature12291 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3b6c1b16-374c-4201-82e2-d7126fbb47de.yaml identifier: 3b6c1b16-374c-4201-82e2-d7126fbb47de uri: /reference/3b6c1b16-374c-4201-82e2-d7126fbb47de - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: 'Schlesinger, W.H.; Dietze, M.C.; Jackson, R.B.; Phillips, R.P.; Rhoads, C.C.; Rustad, L.E.; J.M. Vose' Book Title: 'Effects of Drought on Forests and Rangelands in the United States: A comprehensive science synthesis' Edition: Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-93b Editor: 'Vose, James; Clark, J.S.; Luce, Charlie; Patel-Weynand, Toral' Pages: 97-106 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: 'U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington Office' Title: Forest biogeochemistry in response to drought URL: http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/50261 Year: 2016 _record_number: 20155 _uuid: 440379ab-fe10-4c0b-b652-7107ba91f4c2 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/gtr_wo93b href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/440379ab-fe10-4c0b-b652-7107ba91f4c2.yaml identifier: 440379ab-fe10-4c0b-b652-7107ba91f4c2 uri: /reference/440379ab-fe10-4c0b-b652-7107ba91f4c2 - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: P. Ciais; C. Sabine; G. Bala; L. Bopp; V. Brovkin; J. Canadell; A. Chhabra; R. DeFries; J. Galloway; M. Heimann; C. Jones; C. Le Quéré; R.B. Myneni; S. Piao; P. Thornton Book Title: 'Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change' Editor: T.F. Stocker; D. Qin; G.-K. Plattner; M. Tignor; S.K. Allen; J. Boschung; A. Nauels; Y. Xia; V. Bex; P.M. Midgley ISBN: ISBN 978-1-107-66182-0 Pages: 465–570 Place Published: 'Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA' Publisher: Cambridge University Press Title: Carbon and other biogeochemical cycles URL: http://www.climatechange2013.org/report/full-report/ Year: 2013 _record_number: 16451 _uuid: 7316c70f-6b67-4a68-a23a-c9d9f604c003 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/ipcc-ar5-wg1/chapter/wg1-ar5-chapter06-final href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7316c70f-6b67-4a68-a23a-c9d9f604c003.yaml identifier: 7316c70f-6b67-4a68-a23a-c9d9f604c003 uri: /reference/7316c70f-6b67-4a68-a23a-c9d9f604c003 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Frank, Dorothea; Reichstein, Markus; Bahn, Michael; Thonicke, Kirsten; Frank, David; Mahecha, Miguel D.; Smith, Pete; van der Velde, Marijn; Vicca, Sara; Babst, Flurin; Beer, Christian; Buchmann, Nina; Canadell, Josep G.; Ciais, Philippe; Cramer, Wolfgang; Ibrom, Andreas; Miglietta, Franco; Poulter, Ben; Rammig, Anja; Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Walz, Ariane; Wattenbach, Martin; Zavala, Miguel A.; Zscheischler, Jakob' DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12916 ISSN: 1365-2486 Issue: 8 Journal: Global Change Biology Keywords: carbon cycle; climate change; climate extremes; climate variability; disturbance; terrestrial ecosystems Pages: 2861-2880 Title: 'Effects of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle: Concepts, processes and potential future impacts' Volume: 21 Year: 2015 _record_number: 19777 _uuid: 95a21b96-f699-4b5c-8281-e1d6e2c8398f reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1111/gcb.12916 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/95a21b96-f699-4b5c-8281-e1d6e2c8398f.yaml identifier: 95a21b96-f699-4b5c-8281-e1d6e2c8398f uri: /reference/95a21b96-f699-4b5c-8281-e1d6e2c8398f - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: "The response of forest ecosystems to drought is increasingly important in the context of a warming climate. Anderegg et al. studied a tree-ring database of 1338 forest sites from around the globe. They found that forests exhibit a drought “legacy effect” with 3 to 4 years' reduced growth following drought. During this postdrought delay, forests will be less able to act as a sink for carbon. Incorporating forest legacy effects into Earth system models will provide more accurate predictions of the effects of drought on the global carbon cycle.Science, this issue p. 528The impacts of climate extremes on terrestrial ecosystems are poorly understood but important for predicting carbon cycle feedbacks to climate change. Coupled climate–carbon cycle models typically assume that vegetation recovery from extreme drought is immediate and complete, which conflicts with the understanding of basic plant physiology. We examined the recovery of stem growth in trees after severe drought at 1338 forest sites across the globe, comprising 49,339 site-years, and compared the results with simulated recovery in climate-vegetation models. We found pervasive and substantial “legacy effects” of reduced growth and incomplete recovery for 1 to 4 years after severe drought. Legacy effects were most prevalent in dry ecosystems, among Pinaceae, and among species with low hydraulic safety margins. In contrast, limited or no legacy effects after drought were simulated by current climate-vegetation models. Our results highlight hysteresis in ecosystem-level carbon cycling and delayed recovery from climate extremes.%U http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/349/6247/528.full.pdf" Author: 'Anderegg, W. R. L.; Schwalm, C.; Biondi, F.; Camarero, J. J.; Koch, G.; Litvak, M.; Ogle, K.; Shaw, J. D.; Shevliakova, E.; Williams, A. P.; Wolf, A.; Ziaco, E.; Pacala, S.' DOI: 10.1126/science.aab1833 Issue: 6247 Journal: Science Pages: 528-532 Title: Pervasive drought legacies in forest ecosystems and their implications for carbon cycle models Volume: 349 Year: 2015 _record_number: 19773 _uuid: abe49f4d-90c4-40e2-a4b9-a58158c00560 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.aab1833 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/abe49f4d-90c4-40e2-a4b9-a58158c00560.yaml identifier: abe49f4d-90c4-40e2-a4b9-a58158c00560 uri: /reference/abe49f4d-90c4-40e2-a4b9-a58158c00560 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'Rising atmospheric CO2 will make Earth warmer, and many studies have inferred that this warming will cause droughts to become more widespread and severe. However, rising atmospheric CO2 also modifies stomatal conductance and plant water use, processes that are often are overlooked in impact analysis. We find that plant physiological responses to CO2 reduce predictions of future drought stress, and that this reduction is captured by using plant-centric rather than atmosphere-centric metrics from Earth system models (ESMs). The atmosphere-centric Palmer Drought Severity Index predicts future increases in drought stress for more than 70% of global land area. This area drops to 37% with the use of precipitation minus evapotranspiration (P-E), a measure that represents the water flux available to downstream ecosystems and humans. The two metrics yield consistent estimates of increasing stress in regions where precipitation decreases are more robust (southern North America, northeastern South America, and southern Europe). The metrics produce diverging estimates elsewhere, with P-E predicting decreasing stress across temperate Asia and central Africa. The differing sensitivity of drought metrics to radiative and physiological aspects of increasing CO2 partly explains the divergent estimates of future drought reported in recent studies. Further, use of ESM output in offline models may double-count plant feedbacks on relative humidity and other surface variables, leading to overestimates of future stress. The use of drought metrics that account for the response of plant transpiration to changing CO2, including direct use of P-E and soil moisture from ESMs, is needed to reduce uncertainties in future assessment.' Author: 'Swann, Abigail L. S.; Hoffman, Forrest M.; Koven, Charles D.; Randerson, James T.' DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1604581113 Date: 'September 6, 2016' Issue: 36 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pages: 10019-10024 Title: Plant responses to increasing CO2 reduce estimates of climate impacts on drought severity Volume: 113 Year: 2016 _record_number: 21010 _uuid: b673e746-6eca-4b77-8a62-e1ae9ed6380a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1604581113 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b673e746-6eca-4b77-8a62-e1ae9ed6380a.yaml identifier: b673e746-6eca-4b77-8a62-e1ae9ed6380a uri: /reference/b673e746-6eca-4b77-8a62-e1ae9ed6380a - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'The 2012–2015 drought has left California with severely reduced snowpack, soil moisture, ground water, and reservoir stocks, but the impact of this estimated millennial-scale event on forest health is unknown. We used airborne laser-guided spectroscopy and satellite-based models to assess losses in canopy water content of California’s forests between 2011 and 2015. Approximately 10.6 million ha of forest containing up to 888 million large trees experienced measurable loss in canopy water content during this drought period. Severe canopy water losses of greater than 30% occurred over 1 million ha, affecting up to 58 million large trees. Our measurements exclude forests affected by fire between 2011 and 2015. If drought conditions continue or reoccur, even with temporary reprieves such as El Niño, we predict substantial future forest change.' Author: 'Asner, Gregory P.; Brodrick, Philip G.; Anderson, Christopher B.; Vaughn, Nicholas; Knapp, David E.; Martin, Roberta E.' DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1523397113 Date: 'January 12, 2016' Issue: 2 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pages: E249-E255 Title: Progressive forest canopy water loss during the 2012–2015 California drought Volume: 113 Year: 2016 _record_number: 19775 _uuid: e126059c-67f3-4522-8381-ae2499296312 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1523397113 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e126059c-67f3-4522-8381-ae2499296312.yaml identifier: e126059c-67f3-4522-8381-ae2499296312 uri: /reference/e126059c-67f3-4522-8381-ae2499296312 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Sippel, Sebastian; Zscheischler, Jakob; Reichstein, Markus' DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1605667113 Date: 'May 24, 2016' Issue: 21 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Pages: 5768-5770 Title: Ecosystem impacts of climate extremes crucially depend on the timing Volume: 113 Year: 2016 _record_number: 19790 _uuid: e5b9d663-1638-464a-aa71-bfef43b6c4d1 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1605667113 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e5b9d663-1638-464a-aa71-bfef43b6c4d1.yaml identifier: e5b9d663-1638-464a-aa71-bfef43b6c4d1 uri: /reference/e5b9d663-1638-464a-aa71-bfef43b6c4d1 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Moore, Georgianne W.; Edgar, Christopher B.; Vogel, Jason G.; Washington-Allen, Robert A.; March, Rosaleen G; Zehnder, Rebekah' DOI: 10.1890/15-0330 ISSN: 1939-5582 Issue: 2 Journal: Ecological Applications Keywords: 'acute drought impact; Central North America; dead carbon pool; forest structure; Texas, USA; tree death' Pages: 602-611 Title: Tree mortality from an exceptional drought spanning mesic to semiarid ecoregions Volume: 26 Year: 2016 _record_number: 19786 _uuid: f1380bfc-e39d-43d9-87d6-dfcff35fa7fb reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1890/15-0330 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f1380bfc-e39d-43d9-87d6-dfcff35fa7fb.yaml identifier: f1380bfc-e39d-43d9-87d6-dfcff35fa7fb uri: /reference/f1380bfc-e39d-43d9-87d6-dfcff35fa7fb