--- - attrs: .publisher: Nature Publishing Group .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'Possible changes in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) provide a key source of uncertainty regarding future climate change. Maps of temperature trends over the twentieth century show a conspicuous region of cooling in the northern Atlantic. Here we present multiple lines of evidence suggesting that this cooling may be due to a reduction in the AMOC over the twentieth century and particularly after 1970. Since 1990 the AMOC seems to have partly recovered. This time evolution is consistently suggested by an AMOC index based on sea surface temperatures, by the hemispheric temperature difference, by coral-based proxies and by oceanic measurements. We discuss a possible contribution of the melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet to the slowdown. Using a multi-proxy temperature reconstruction for the AMOC index suggests that the AMOC weakness after 1975 is an unprecedented event in the past millennium (p > 0.99). Further melting of Greenland in the coming decades could contribute to further weakening of the AMOC.' Author: 'Rahmstorf, Stefan; Box, Jason E.; Feulner, Georg; Mann, Michael E.; Robinson, Alexander; Rutherford, Scott; Schaffernicht, Erik J.' DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2554 Date: 05//print ISSN: 1758-678X Issue: 5 Journal: Nature Climate Change Pages: 475-480 Title: Exceptional twentieth-century slowdown in Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation Volume: 5 Year: 2015 _record_number: 19447 _uuid: 143752b0-3899-41fe-963b-5b040305a5be reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/nclimate2554 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/143752b0-3899-41fe-963b-5b040305a5be.yaml identifier: 143752b0-3899-41fe-963b-5b040305a5be uri: /reference/143752b0-3899-41fe-963b-5b040305a5be - attrs: .publisher: Nature Publishing Group .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Jackson, Laura C.; Peterson, K. Andrew; Roberts, Chris D.; Wood, Richard A.' DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2715 Date: 07//print Issue: 7 Journal: Nature Geoscience Pages: 518-522 Title: Recent slowing of Atlantic overturning circulation as a recovery from earlier strengthening Volume: 9 Year: 2016 _record_number: 20682 _uuid: 49fdae12-6085-4009-b611-65ae5903471b reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/ngeo2715 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/49fdae12-6085-4009-b611-65ae5903471b.yaml identifier: 49fdae12-6085-4009-b611-65ae5903471b uri: /reference/49fdae12-6085-4009-b611-65ae5903471b - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Romanou, A.; Marshall, J.; Kelley, M.; Scott, J.' DOI: 10.1002/2017GL072972 Issue: 11 Journal: Geophysical Research Letters Keywords: AMOC; ocean tracer uptake; ocean heat uptake; transient climate response; CFC; 4215 Climate and interannual variability; 4255 Numerical modeling; 4532 General circulation; 4536 Hydrography and tracers; 4808 Chemical tracers Pages: 5590-5598 Title: Role of the ocean's AMOC in setting the uptake efficiency of transient tracers Volume: 44 Year: 2017 _record_number: 21556 _uuid: 4f0d16ed-f945-4947-bf38-8e6cc0bf3132 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/2017GL072972 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4f0d16ed-f945-4947-bf38-8e6cc0bf3132.yaml identifier: 4f0d16ed-f945-4947-bf38-8e6cc0bf3132 uri: /reference/4f0d16ed-f945-4947-bf38-8e6cc0bf3132 - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: M. Rhein; S.R. Rintoul; S. Aoki; E. Campos; D. Chambers; R.A. Feely; S. Gulev; G.C. Johnson; S.A. Josey; A. Kostianoy; C. Mauritzen; D. Roemmich; L.D. Talley; F. Wang Book Title: 'Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change' Editor: T.F. Stocker; D. Qin; G.-K. Plattner; M. Tignor; S.K. Allen; J. Boschung; A. Nauels; Y. Xia; V. Bex; P.M. Midgley ISBN: ISBN 978-1-107-66182-0 Pages: 255–316 Place Published: 'Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA' Publisher: Cambridge University Press Title: 'Observations: Ocean' URL: http://www.climatechange2013.org/report/full-report/ Year: 2013 _record_number: 16468 _uuid: bc140b4c-c2d9-4d99-a684-5c054dc5134f reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/ipcc-ar5-wg1/chapter/wg1-ar5-chapter03-final href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/bc140b4c-c2d9-4d99-a684-5c054dc5134f.yaml identifier: bc140b4c-c2d9-4d99-a684-5c054dc5134f uri: /reference/bc140b4c-c2d9-4d99-a684-5c054dc5134f - attrs: .publisher: Copernicus Publications .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Smeed, D. A.; McCarthy, G. D.; Cunningham, S. A.; Frajka-Williams, E.; Rayner, D.; Johns, W. E.; Meinen, C. S.; Baringer, M. O.; Moat, B. I.; Duchez, A.; Bryden, H. L.' DOI: 10.5194/os-10-29-2014 Issue: 1 Journal: Ocean Science Pages: 29-38 Title: Observed decline of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 2004–2012 Volume: 10 Year: 2014 _record_number: 19874 _uuid: f8c888b3-0044-4515-90c5-bc2c70df8bc7 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.5194/os-10-29-2014 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f8c888b3-0044-4515-90c5-bc2c70df8bc7.yaml identifier: f8c888b3-0044-4515-90c5-bc2c70df8bc7 uri: /reference/f8c888b3-0044-4515-90c5-bc2c70df8bc7 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Baringer, M. O.; M. Lankhorst; D. Volkov; S. Garzoli; S. Dong; U. Send; C. Meinen' DOI: 10.1175/2015BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 Issue: 8 Journal: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Pages: S84–S87 Title: 'Meridional oceanic overturning circulation and heat transport in the Atlantic Ocean [in “State of the Climate in 2015”]' Volume: 97 Year: 2016 _record_number: 20668 _uuid: fb5c7023-5a14-4a25-95f0-5426dcd725e2 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /report/bams-state-of-the-climate-2014 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/fb5c7023-5a14-4a25-95f0-5426dcd725e2.yaml identifier: fb5c7023-5a14-4a25-95f0-5426dcd725e2 uri: /reference/fb5c7023-5a14-4a25-95f0-5426dcd725e2