--- chapters: [] contact_email: ~ contact_note: ~ contributors: - href: https://data.globalchange.gov/contributor/25228.yaml id: 25228 organization: country_code: US identifier: us-environmental-protection-agency international: ~ name: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency organization_type_identifier: federal url: http://www.epa.gov/ organization_uri: /organization/us-environmental-protection-agency person: first_name: Michael id: 2200 last_name: Kolian middle_name: ~ orcid: 0000-0002-7134-8317 url: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mike_Kolian person_id: 2200 person_uri: /person/2200 role_type_identifier: point_of_contact uri: /contributor/25228 - href: https://data.globalchange.gov/contributor/25229.yaml id: 25229 organization: country_code: CH identifier: world-glacier-monitoring-service international: 1 name: World Glacier Monitoring Service organization_type_identifier: consortium url: 'http://wgms.ch ' organization_uri: /organization/world-glacier-monitoring-service person: first_name: Michael id: 12857 last_name: Zemp middle_name: ~ orcid: 0000-0003-2391-7877 url: https://www.geo.uzh.ch/geolean/en/units/3g/staff/?content=michaelzemp person_id: 12857 person_uri: /person/12857 role_type_identifier: point_of_contact uri: /contributor/25229 - href: https://data.globalchange.gov/contributor/25230.yaml id: 25230 organization: country_code: CH identifier: world-glacier-monitoring-service international: 1 name: World Glacier Monitoring Service organization_type_identifier: consortium url: 'http://wgms.ch ' organization_uri: /organization/world-glacier-monitoring-service person: {} person_id: ~ person_uri: ~ role_type_identifier: data_producer uri: /contributor/25230 doi: ~ files: - file: 01/1d/e9b8fe20c42ccd1caf8f537fe03b/ArcticGlaciers_010320.png href: https://data.globalchange.gov/assets/01/1d/e9b8fe20c42ccd1caf8f537fe03b/ArcticGlaciers_010320.png identifier: ae318bb6-2668-43af-8e26-166bf186b8bb landing_page: ~ location: ~ mime_type: image/png sha1: c05377149edc1b9f96ef65947295e04eefe9abea size: 266434 thumbnail: 01/1d/e9b8fe20c42ccd1caf8f537fe03b/.thumb-ae318bb6-2668-43af-8e26-166bf186b8bb.png thumbnail_href: https://data.globalchange.gov/assets/01/1d/e9b8fe20c42ccd1caf8f537fe03b/.thumb-ae318bb6-2668-43af-8e26-166bf186b8bb.png uri: /file/ae318bb6-2668-43af-8e26-166bf186b8bb url: /assets/01/1d/e9b8fe20c42ccd1caf8f537fe03b/ArcticGlaciers_010320.png href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/indicator-arctic-glacier-mass-balance-2019.yaml identifier: indicator-arctic-glacier-mass-balance-2019 parents: - activity_uri: ~ label: 'Indicator: Arctic Glacier Mass Balance' note: '' publication_type_identifier: report reference: ~ relationship: dct:replaces uri: /report/indicator-arctic-glacier-mass-balance-2016 publication_year: 2019 regions: [] report_figures: - gcmd_keywords: - definition: ~ identifier: 76b8c21c-c221-4724-86ef-c07222cb152b label: CRYOSPHERIC INDICATORS parent_identifier: 23703b6b-ee15-4512-b5b2-f441547e2edf - definition: Mass balance describes the net gain or loss of snow and ice through a given year. It is usually expressed in terms of water gain or loss. identifier: 6095d796-68e0-4c7d-aa4f-f2e5bd8c4916 label: GLACIER MASS BALANCE/ICE SHEET MASS BALANCE parent_identifier: 2d79af4f-d15f-40cc-b0bf-8f5c8eb1fce5 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/indicator-arctic-glacier-mass-balance-2019/figure/indicator-arctic-glacier-mass-balance-2019.yaml regions: [] uri: /report/indicator-arctic-glacier-mass-balance-2019/figure/indicator-arctic-glacier-mass-balance-2019 report_findings: [] report_tables: - gcmd_keywords: [] href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/indicator-arctic-glacier-mass-balance-2019/table/indicator-arctic-glacier-mass-balance-2019.yaml regions: [] uri: /report/indicator-arctic-glacier-mass-balance-2019/table/indicator-arctic-glacier-mass-balance-2019 report_type_identifier: indicator summary: "Key Points: \r\n\r\nThe loss of land-based ice in the Arctic has accelerated in recent decades, contributing to global sea level rise.\r\n\r\nAbout the Indicator:\r\n\r\nThis indicator provides information on the cumulative change in mass balance of glaciers over time. Glacier mass balance data are calculated based on a variety of measurements at the surface of a glacier, including measurements of snow depths and snow density. The net balance is the average mass balance of the glacier from data collected over a glaciological year, the time between the end of the summer ablation season from one year to the next.\r\n\r\nThe overall Arctic average change in mass balance declined, consistent with the retreat of glaciers observed in other parts of the world. The Engabreen glacier, situated near the coast of Norway, gained mass over the period of record and is more strongly influenced by precipitation than glaciers elsewhere in the Arctic.\r\n\r\nRapid changes are occurring across the Arctic where air temperatures are warming twice as fast as the global average temperature. The loss of land-based ice in the Arctic has accelerated in recent decades and since at least 1972, the Arctic has been the dominant source of global sea-level rise. After Greenland, the largest contributor to global sea-level rise from Arctic land ice, are the Arctic’s glaciers.\r\n\r\nWhy It’s Important:\r\n\r\n- Glaciers provide visible evidence of changes in temperature and precipitation.\r\n- If increases in greenhouse gas concentrations continue at current rates, it is expected that many of the smallest glaciers across the Arctic would disappear entirely by mid-century." title: 'Indicator: Arctic Glacier Mass Balance' uri: /report/indicator-arctic-glacier-mass-balance-2019 url: https://www.globalchange.gov/browse/indicators/arctic-glacier-mass-balance