---
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 7
    Author: 'Hibbard, K.A.; F.M. Hoffman; D. Huntzinger; T.O. West'
    Book Title: 'Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I'
    DOI: 10.7930/J0416V6X
    Editor: 'Wuebbles, D.J.; D.W. Fahey; K.A. Hibbard; D.J. Dokken; B.C. Stewart; T.K. Maycock'
    Pages: 277-302
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC, USA'
    Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program
    Title: Changes in Land Cover and Terrestrial Biogeochemistry
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 21568
    _uuid: 1b0ce605-0f6c-4e1f-8fea-71e87cb4304f
    reftype: Book Section
  child_publication: /report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/land-cover
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1b0ce605-0f6c-4e1f-8fea-71e87cb4304f.yaml
  identifier: 1b0ce605-0f6c-4e1f-8fea-71e87cb4304f
  uri: /reference/1b0ce605-0f6c-4e1f-8fea-71e87cb4304f
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 7
    Author: 'Wuebbles, D.J.; D.W. Fahey; K.A. Hibbard; B. DeAngelo; S. Doherty; K. Hayhoe; R. Horton; J.P. Kossin; P.C. Taylor; A.M. Waple; C.P. Weaver'
    Book Title: 'Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I'
    DOI: 10.7930/J0DJ5CTG
    Editor: 'Wuebbles, D.J.; D.W. Fahey; K.A. Hibbard; D.J. Dokken; B.C. Stewart; T.K. Maycock'
    Pages: 12-34
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC, USA'
    Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program
    Title: Executive summary
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 21558
    _uuid: 21f65069-74b3-4bf7-bc09-0f359b825aad
    reftype: Book Section
  child_publication: /report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/executive-summary
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/21f65069-74b3-4bf7-bc09-0f359b825aad.yaml
  identifier: 21f65069-74b3-4bf7-bc09-0f359b825aad
  uri: /reference/21f65069-74b3-4bf7-bc09-0f359b825aad
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Exposures to dangerously high temperatures are a public health threat expected to increase with global climate change. Heat waves exacerbate the risks associated with heat exposure, and urban residents are particularly vulnerable to threats of heat waves due to the urban heat island effect. To understand how heat waves are changing over time, we examine changes in four heat wave characteristics from 1961 to 2010, frequency, duration, intensity, and timing, in 50 large US cities. Our purpose in measuring these trends is to assess the extent to which urban populations are increasingly exposed to heat-related health hazards resulting from changing trends in extreme heat. We find each of these heat wave characteristics to be rising significantly when measured over a five-decade period, with the annual number of heat waves increasing by 0.6 heat waves per decade for the average US city. Additionally, on average, we find the length of heat waves to be increasing by a fifth of a day, the intensity to be increasing 0.1 A degrees C above local thresholds, and the length of the heat wave season (time between first and last heat wave) to be increasing by 6 days per decade. The regions most at risk due to increasing heat wave trends must plan appropriately to manage this growing threat by enhancing emergency preparedness plans and minimizing the urban heat island effect.'
    Author: 'Habeeb, D.; Vargo, J.; Stone, B.'
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-014-1563-z
    Date: Apr
    ISSN: 0921-030X
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Natural Hazards
    Keywords: heat; Vulnerability; UHI; health; urban; climate change
    Pages: 1651-1665
    Title: Rising heat wave trends in large US cities
    Volume: 76
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 22742
    _uuid: 4b55e347-52cb-4301-9eea-ad3858c6fc1d
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s11069-014-1563-z
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4b55e347-52cb-4301-9eea-ad3858c6fc1d.yaml
  identifier: 4b55e347-52cb-4301-9eea-ad3858c6fc1d
  uri: /reference/4b55e347-52cb-4301-9eea-ad3858c6fc1d
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 7
    Author: 'Sarofim, M.C., S. Saha, M.D. Hawkins, D.M. Mills, J. Hess, R. Horton, P. Kinney, J. Schwartz, and A. St. Juliana'
    Book Title: 'The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment'
    DOI: 10.7930/J0MG7MDX
    Pages: 43-68
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC, USA	'
    Publisher: 'U.S. Global Change Research Program	'
    Title: 'Chapter 2 :  Temperature-related death and illness'
    URL: https://health2016.globalchange.gov/temperature-related-death-and-illness
    Year: 2016
    reftype: Book Section
  child_publication: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/temperature-related-death-and-illness
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/cc15eee3-9ebf-4350-9135-d9d72c4cacb7.yaml
  identifier: cc15eee3-9ebf-4350-9135-d9d72c4cacb7
  uri: /reference/cc15eee3-9ebf-4350-9135-d9d72c4cacb7
- attrs:
    DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.32105.49769
    Institution: 'United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Atmospheric Programs'
    Title: 'Climate Change in the United States: Benefits of Global Action'
    URL: https://www.epa.gov/cira
    Year: 2015
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/epa-430-r-15-001
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f0640d95-a845-40e6-a442-88eeff3127dc.yaml
  identifier: f0640d95-a845-40e6-a442-88eeff3127dc
  uri: /reference/f0640d95-a845-40e6-a442-88eeff3127dc