---
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Climate Central,'
    Institution: Climate Central
    Pages: 18
    Place Published: 'Princeton, NJ'
    Title: The age of western wildfires
    URL: http://www.climatecentral.org/wgts/wildfires/Wildfires2012.pdf
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 23599
    _uuid: 018971c1-c40d-437c-bfc6-8234bf647306
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/age-western-wildfires
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/018971c1-c40d-437c-bfc6-8234bf647306.yaml
  identifier: 018971c1-c40d-437c-bfc6-8234bf647306
  uri: /reference/018971c1-c40d-437c-bfc6-8234bf647306
- attrs:
    Author: 'Issaka, Sakinatu; Ashraf, Muhammad Aqeel'
    DOI: 10.1080/24749508.2017.1301053
    Date: 2017/01/02
    ISSN: null
    Issue: 1
    Journal: 'Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes'
    Pages: 1-11
    Publisher: Taylor & Francis
    Title: 'Impact of soil erosion and degradation on water quality: A review'
    Volume: 1
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 23539
    _uuid: 01f25cb8-10ae-4e23-bd04-89319fb37a77
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1080/24749508.2017.1301053
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/01f25cb8-10ae-4e23-bd04-89319fb37a77.yaml
  identifier: 01f25cb8-10ae-4e23-bd04-89319fb37a77
  uri: /reference/01f25cb8-10ae-4e23-bd04-89319fb37a77
- attrs:
    Author: 'Kisekka, I.; Schlegel, A.; Ma, L.; Gowda, P. H.; Prasad, P. V. V.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2017.03.023
    Date: 2017/06/01/
    ISSN: 0378-3774
    Journal: Agricultural Water Management
    Keywords: Preplant irrigation; Irrigation capacity; RZWQM; DSSAT-CSM; CERES-Maize; Maize yield; Evapotranspiration; Soil water evaporation
    Pages: 154-163
    Title: Optimizing preplant irrigation for maize under limited water in the High Plains
    Volume: 187
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 23548
    _uuid: 022cecd3-5eed-41d0-a16e-d0e31891cbc8
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.03.023
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/022cecd3-5eed-41d0-a16e-d0e31891cbc8.yaml
  identifier: 022cecd3-5eed-41d0-a16e-d0e31891cbc8
  uri: /reference/022cecd3-5eed-41d0-a16e-d0e31891cbc8
- attrs:
    Author: 'Pugh, T. A. M.; Müller, C.; Elliott, J.; Deryng, D.; Folberth, C.; Olin, S.; Schmid, E.; Arneth, A.'
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12608
    Date: 09/20/online
    Journal: Nature Communications
    Pages: 12608
    Publisher: The Author(s)
    Title: Climate analogues suggest limited potential for intensification of production on current croplands under climate change
    Type of Article: Article
    Volume: 7
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 25539
    _uuid: 023f5706-b80b-4632-bf72-040f1b596d64
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1038/ncomms12608
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  identifier: 023f5706-b80b-4632-bf72-040f1b596d64
  uri: /reference/023f5706-b80b-4632-bf72-040f1b596d64
- attrs:
    Author: 'Chapman, Scott C.; Chakraborty, Sukumar; Dreccer, M. Fernanda; Howden, S. Mark'
    DOI: 10.1071/CP11303
    Date: 2012/05/28
    ISSN: 1836-0947
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Crop and Pasture Science
    Pages: 251-268
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Title: Plant adaptation to climate change—Opportunities and priorities in breeding
    Volume: 63
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 25591
    _uuid: 043bd8c5-5a21-490c-9a44-057b3585c80a
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1071/CP11303
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  identifier: 043bd8c5-5a21-490c-9a44-057b3585c80a
  uri: /reference/043bd8c5-5a21-490c-9a44-057b3585c80a
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 7
    Author: 'Varanasi, Aruna; Prasad, P. V. Vara; Jugulam, Mithila'
    Book Title: Advances in Agronomy
    DOI: 10.1016/bs.agron.2015.09.002
    Date: 2016/01/01/
    Editor: 'Sparks, Donald L.'
    ISBN: 0065-2113
    Keywords: climate change; crop–weed competition; environmental factors; greenhouse gases; herbicide efficacy; weed physiology; weed management
    Pages: 107-146
    Publisher: Academic Press
    Title: 'Ch. 3: Impact of climate change factors on weeds and herbicide efficacy'
    Volume: 135
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 23588
    _uuid: 07b45739-d642-442b-9aaf-0a5dabe9a444
    reftype: Book Section
  child_publication: /book/d0b4eb62-04b9-4c10-a4d2-640830490430
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/07b45739-d642-442b-9aaf-0a5dabe9a444.yaml
  identifier: 07b45739-d642-442b-9aaf-0a5dabe9a444
  uri: /reference/07b45739-d642-442b-9aaf-0a5dabe9a444
- attrs:
    Author: 'Grafton, R. Quentin; Williams, John; Jiang, Qiang'
    DOI: 10.1002/2016EF000506
    ISSN: 2328-4277
    Issue: 5
    Journal: Earth's Future
    Keywords: food security; water security; irrigated agriculture; rain-fed agriculture; APSIM; TFP; 0402 Agricultural systems; 1842 Irrigation
    Pages: 449-462
    Publisher: 'Wiley Periodicals, Inc.'
    Title: Possible pathways and tensions in the food and water nexus
    Volume: 5
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 23524
    _uuid: 0af9dc99-e4da-4bed-86a8-027a19272e6d
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1002/2016EF000506
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0af9dc99-e4da-4bed-86a8-027a19272e6d.yaml
  identifier: 0af9dc99-e4da-4bed-86a8-027a19272e6d
  uri: /reference/0af9dc99-e4da-4bed-86a8-027a19272e6d
- attrs:
    Author: 'Testa, Jeremy M.; Li, Yun; Lee, Younjoo J.; Li, Ming; Brady, Damian C.; Di Toro, Dominic M.; Kemp, W. Michael; Fitzpatrick, James J.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.05.018
    Date: 2014/11/01/
    ISSN: 0924-7963
    Journal: Journal of Marine Systems
    Keywords: Oxygen; Modeling; ROMS; Chesapeake Bay; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Carbon
    Pages: 139-158
    Title: Quantifying the effects of nutrient loading on dissolved O2 cycling and hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay using a coupled hydrodynamic–biogeochemical model
    Volume: 139
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 23584
    _uuid: 0b1666f4-fc2a-4a58-a0d4-4adbf0592c6f
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.05.018
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0b1666f4-fc2a-4a58-a0d4-4adbf0592c6f.yaml
  identifier: 0b1666f4-fc2a-4a58-a0d4-4adbf0592c6f
  uri: /reference/0b1666f4-fc2a-4a58-a0d4-4adbf0592c6f
- attrs:
    Author: 'Chavez, Erik; Conway, Gordon; Ghil, Michael; Sadler, Marc'
    DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2747
    Date: 08/03/online
    Journal: Nature Climate Change
    Pages: 997-1001
    Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
    Title: An end-to-end assessment of extreme weather impacts on food security
    Volume: 5
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 23509
    _uuid: 0c472f1b-25ac-44c2-a3a5-a04ba7567fdd
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1038/nclimate2747
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  identifier: 0c472f1b-25ac-44c2-a3a5-a04ba7567fdd
  uri: /reference/0c472f1b-25ac-44c2-a3a5-a04ba7567fdd
- attrs:
    Author: 'Karlen, D.L.; Beeler, L.W.; Ong, R.G.; Dale, B.E.'
    DOI: 10.2489/jswc.70.5.279
    Date: 'September 1, 2015'
    Issue: 5
    Journal: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
    Pages: 279-287
    Title: 'Balancing energy, conservation, and soil health requirements for plant biomass'
    Volume: 70
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 25553
    _uuid: 0e331025-3bc0-44b9-896d-9359f007f65d
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.2489/jswc.70.5.279
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0e331025-3bc0-44b9-896d-9359f007f65d.yaml
  identifier: 0e331025-3bc0-44b9-896d-9359f007f65d
  uri: /reference/0e331025-3bc0-44b9-896d-9359f007f65d
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Accession Number: WOS:000262387000004
    Author: "Pryor, S. C.\rHowe, J. A.\rKunkel, K. E."
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.1696
    ISSN: 0899-8418
    Issue: 1
    Journal: International Journal of Climatology
    Pages: 31-45
    Title: How spatially coherent and statistically robust are temporal changes in extreme precipitation in the contiguous USA?
    URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/joc.1696/pdf
    Volume: 29
    Year: 2009
    _chapter: '["Ch. 18: Midwest FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 2550
    _uuid: 0e896a8a-644b-4926-8fc9-9b9adbea31a9
    reftype: Journal Article
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  identifier: 0e896a8a-644b-4926-8fc9-9b9adbea31a9
  uri: /reference/0e896a8a-644b-4926-8fc9-9b9adbea31a9
- attrs:
    Author: 'Lee, M. A.; Davis, A. P.; Chagunda, M. G. G.; Manning, P.'
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-14-1403-2017
    ISSN: 1726-4189
    Issue: 6
    Journal: Biogeosciences
    Notes: BG
    Pages: 1403-1417
    Publisher: Copernicus Publications
    Title: 'Forage quality declines with rising temperatures, with implications for livestock production and methane emissions'
    Volume: 14
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 23552
    _uuid: 0ebe377d-8209-4950-ac0d-77130d2cade1
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.5194/bg-14-1403-2017
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0ebe377d-8209-4950-ac0d-77130d2cade1.yaml
  identifier: 0ebe377d-8209-4950-ac0d-77130d2cade1
  uri: /reference/0ebe377d-8209-4950-ac0d-77130d2cade1
- attrs:
    Author: 'De Rensis, F.; Garcia-Ispierto, I.; López-Gatius, F.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.04.021
    Date: 2015/09/15/
    ISSN: 0093-691X
    Issue: 5
    Journal: Theriogenology
    Keywords: Bovine; Estrus; Pregnancy; Breeding protocol
    Pages: 659-666
    Title: 'Seasonal heat stress: Clinical implications and hormone treatments for the fertility of dairy cows'
    Volume: 84
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 23572
    _uuid: 0f04faf6-8a39-4590-9f04-21483152ceac
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.04.021
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  identifier: 0f04faf6-8a39-4590-9f04-21483152ceac
  uri: /reference/0f04faf6-8a39-4590-9f04-21483152ceac
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Gallopin, Gilberto C.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.02.004
    ISSN: 1872-9495
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Global Environmental Change
    Pages: 293-303
    Title: 'Linkages between vulnerability, resilience, and adaptive capacity'
    Volume: 16
    Year: 2006
    _record_number: 19142
    _uuid: 0f32b8dc-52dd-459f-8c7d-c5d84b75793f
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.02.004
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0f32b8dc-52dd-459f-8c7d-c5d84b75793f.yaml
  identifier: 0f32b8dc-52dd-459f-8c7d-c5d84b75793f
  uri: /reference/0f32b8dc-52dd-459f-8c7d-c5d84b75793f
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'RMA,'
    Institution: USDA Risk Management Agency
    Pages: 58
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Title: 'The Risk Management Agency Safety Net: Market Penetration and Market Potential'
    URL: https://www.rma.usda.gov/pubs/2017/portfolio/portfolio.pdf
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 25596
    _uuid: 0f9f943e-a80f-4d7f-a023-ac88ab98cf92
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/risk-management-agency-safety-net-market-penetration-market-potential
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0f9f943e-a80f-4d7f-a023-ac88ab98cf92.yaml
  identifier: 0f9f943e-a80f-4d7f-a023-ac88ab98cf92
  uri: /reference/0f9f943e-a80f-4d7f-a023-ac88ab98cf92
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: USDA
    Pages: 695
    Place Published: 'Washington, D.C.'
    Publisher: 'U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service'
    Title: 2012 Census of Agriculture
    URL: http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2012/#full_report
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 19333
    _uuid: 1002d699-e8a9-4572-aec0-16524400e7a5
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/2012-census-agriculture
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1002d699-e8a9-4572-aec0-16524400e7a5.yaml
  identifier: 1002d699-e8a9-4572-aec0-16524400e7a5
  uri: /reference/1002d699-e8a9-4572-aec0-16524400e7a5
- attrs:
    Author: 'Smith, Douglas R.; King, Kevin W.; Williams, Mark R.'
    DOI: 10.2489/jswc.70.2.27A
    Date: 'March 1, 2015'
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
    Pages: 27A-29A
    Title: What is causing the harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie?
    Volume: 70
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 23579
    _uuid: 110c4396-56c5-45b7-8000-4fbfe177bf6c
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.2489/jswc.70.2.27A
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/110c4396-56c5-45b7-8000-4fbfe177bf6c.yaml
  identifier: 110c4396-56c5-45b7-8000-4fbfe177bf6c
  uri: /reference/110c4396-56c5-45b7-8000-4fbfe177bf6c
- attrs:
    Author: 'Cowley, F. C.; Barber, D. G.; Houlihan, A. V.; Poppi, D. P.'
    DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8442
    Date: 2015/04/01/
    ISSN: 0022-0302
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Journal of Dairy Science
    Keywords: heat stress; milk protein; restricted intake; casein
    Pages: 2356-2368
    Title: Immediate and residual effects of heat stress and restricted intake on milk protein and casein composition and energy metabolism
    Volume: 98
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 23510
    _uuid: 122996cd-37b2-437a-985e-7f5b30f43657
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.3168/jds.2014-8442
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/122996cd-37b2-437a-985e-7f5b30f43657.yaml
  identifier: 122996cd-37b2-437a-985e-7f5b30f43657
  uri: /reference/122996cd-37b2-437a-985e-7f5b30f43657
- attrs:
    Author: 'Rudnick, Daran; Suat Irmak; Richard Ferguson; Tim Shaver; Koffi Djaman; Glen Slater; Aaron Bereuter; Nicholas Ward; Dennis Francis; Marty Schmer; Brian Wienhold; Simon Van Donk'
    DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001023
    Issue: 6
    Journal: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
    Pages: 04016017
    Title: 'Economic return versus crop water productivity of maize for various nitrogen rates under full irrigation, limited irrigation, and rainfed settings in south central Nebraska'
    Volume: 142
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 25536
    _uuid: 136e7ef7-ddff-4081-91ab-e6596545a248
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001023
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/136e7ef7-ddff-4081-91ab-e6596545a248.yaml
  identifier: 136e7ef7-ddff-4081-91ab-e6596545a248
  uri: /reference/136e7ef7-ddff-4081-91ab-e6596545a248
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Keller Jensen, Jennifer'
    Institution: Rural Policy Research Institute
    Pages: 13
    Place Published: 'Iowa City, IA'
    Title: Climate Change and Rural Communities in the US. Draft Briefing Paper
    URL: http://www.rupri.org/Forms/Climate_Change_Brief.pdf
    Year: 2009
    _record_number: 23621
    _uuid: 1485661f-3f4a-47f2-9a76-0d0923ccce9b
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/climate-change-rural-communities-us-draft-briefing-paper
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1485661f-3f4a-47f2-9a76-0d0923ccce9b.yaml
  identifier: 1485661f-3f4a-47f2-9a76-0d0923ccce9b
  uri: /reference/1485661f-3f4a-47f2-9a76-0d0923ccce9b
- attrs:
    Author: 'Urdaz, J. H.; Overton, M. W.; Moore, D. A.; Santos, J. E. P.'
    DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72267-6
    ISSN: 0022-0302
    Issue: 6
    Journal: Journal of Dairy Science
    Pages: 2000-2006
    Publisher: Elsevier
    Title: 'Technical note: Effects of adding shade and fans to a feedbunk sprinkler system for preparturient cows on health and performance'
    Volume: 89
    Year: 2006
    _record_number: 23587
    _uuid: 14f32e7f-14a5-4d5c-a79b-7410aab5407b
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72267-6
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/14f32e7f-14a5-4d5c-a79b-7410aab5407b.yaml
  identifier: 14f32e7f-14a5-4d5c-a79b-7410aab5407b
  uri: /reference/14f32e7f-14a5-4d5c-a79b-7410aab5407b
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'NIFC,'
    Institution: National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC)
    Pages: 1
    Place Published: 'Boise, ID'
    Title: 'Historical Wildland Fire Information: Suppression Costs (1985-2016)'
    URL: https://www.nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_documents/SuppCosts.pdf
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 23632
    _uuid: 150f5c9e-cadd-4d87-a72f-de4bdd823572
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/historical-wildland-fire-information-suppression-costs-1985-2016
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/150f5c9e-cadd-4d87-a72f-de4bdd823572.yaml
  identifier: 150f5c9e-cadd-4d87-a72f-de4bdd823572
  uri: /reference/150f5c9e-cadd-4d87-a72f-de4bdd823572
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Established as a multipurpose network, the Oklahoma Mesonet operates more than 110 surface observing stations that send data every 5 min to an operations center for data quality assurance, product generation, and dissemination. Quality-assured data are available within 5 min of the observation time. Since 1994, the Oklahoma Mesonet has collected 3.5 billion weather and soil observations and produced millions of decision-making products for its customers.'
    Author: 'McPherson, Renee A.; Christopher A. Fiebrich; Kenneth C. Crawford; James R. Kilby; David L. Grimsley; Janet E. Martinez; Jeffrey B. Basara; Bradley G. Illston; Dale A. Morris; Kevin A. Kloesel; Andrea D. Melvin; Himanshu Shrivastava; J. Michael Wolfinbarger; Jared P. Bostic; David B. Demko; Ronald L. Elliott; Stephen J. Stadler; J. D. Carlson; Albert J. Sutherland'
    DOI: 10.1175/jtech1976.1
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology
    Keywords: 'Quality assurance/control,Surface observations,Automatic weather station,Instrumentation,Mesoscale processes'
    Pages: 301-321
    Title: 'Statewide monitoring of the mesoscale environment: A technical update on the Oklahoma Mesonet'
    Volume: 24
    Year: 2007
    _record_number: 23561
    _uuid: 1629d03d-2e4a-48a5-b8df-bac72a254e92
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1175/jtech1976.1
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1629d03d-2e4a-48a5-b8df-bac72a254e92.yaml
  identifier: 1629d03d-2e4a-48a5-b8df-bac72a254e92
  uri: /reference/1629d03d-2e4a-48a5-b8df-bac72a254e92
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Crop residues are potentially significant sources of feedstock for biofuel production in the United States. However, there are concerns with maintaining the environmental functions of these residues while also serving as a feedstock for biofuel production. Maintaining soil organic carbon (SOC) along with its functional benefits is considered a greater constraint than maintaining soil erosion losses to an acceptable level. We used the biogeochemical model DayCent to evaluate the effect of residue removal, corn stover, and wheat and barley straw in three diverse locations in the USA. We evaluated residue removal with and without N replacement, along with application of a high‐lignin fermentation byproduct (HLFB), the residue by‐product comprised of lignin and small quantities of nutrients from cellulosic ethanol production. SOC always decreased with residue harvest, but the decrease was greater in colder climates when expressed on a life cycle basis. The effect of residue harvest on soil N2O emissions varied with N addition and climate. With N addition, N2O emissions always increased, but the increase was greater in colder climates. Without N addition, N2O emissions increased in Iowa, but decreased in Maryland and North Carolina with crop residue harvest. Although SOC was lower with residue harvest when HLFB was used for power production instead of being applied to land, the avoidance of fossil fuel emissions to the atmosphere by utilizing the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions of crop residue to produce ethanol (offsets) reduced the overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions because most of this residue carbon would normally be lost during microbial respiration. Losses of SOC and reduced N mineralization could both be mitigated with the application of HLFB to the land. Therefore, by returning the high‐lignin fraction of crop residue to the land after production of ethanol at the biorefinery, soil carbon levels could be maintained along with the functional benefit of increased mineralized N, and more GHG emissions could be offset compared to leaving the crop residues on the land.'
    Author: 'Adler, Paul R.; Mitchell, James G.; Pourhashem, Ghasideh; Spatari, Sabrina; Del Grosso, Stephen J.; Parton, William J.'
    DOI: 10.1890/13-1694.1
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Ecological Applications
    Pages: 1142-1156
    Title: Integrating biorefinery and farm biogeochemical cycles offsets fossil energy and mitigates soil carbon losses
    Volume: 25
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 25578
    _uuid: 1686ba21-d1e8-49c6-8968-e6df3210e10f
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1890/13-1694.1
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1686ba21-d1e8-49c6-8968-e6df3210e10f.yaml
  identifier: 1686ba21-d1e8-49c6-8968-e6df3210e10f
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- attrs:
    Author: 'Yasarer, Lindsey M. W.; Sturm, Belinda S. M.'
    DOI: 10.1080/10402381.2015.1107665
    Date: 2016/01/02
    ISSN: 1040-2381
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Lake and Reservoir Management
    Pages: 13-26
    Publisher: Taylor & Francis
    Title: Potential impacts of climate change on reservoir services and management approaches
    Volume: 32
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 23591
    _uuid: 1988cb0d-2fdb-4f1e-9ff6-5e04dfa5cec0
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1080/10402381.2015.1107665
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1988cb0d-2fdb-4f1e-9ff6-5e04dfa5cec0.yaml
  identifier: 1988cb0d-2fdb-4f1e-9ff6-5e04dfa5cec0
  uri: /reference/1988cb0d-2fdb-4f1e-9ff6-5e04dfa5cec0
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Oxygen-deficient waters are expanding globally in response to warming and coastal eutrophication. Coastal ecosystems provide valuable services to humans, but these services are severely reduced with decreasing oxygen conditions. In the Baltic Sea, oxygen-deficient waters have expanded from 5,000 to over 60,000 km2 with large decadal fluctuations over the last century, reducing the potential fish yield and favoring noxious algal blooms. This increase is due to the imbalance between oxygen supply from physical processes and oxygen demand from consumption of organic material, enhanced by nutrient inputs and temperature increases. Further nutrient reductions will be necessary to restore a healthier Baltic Sea and counteract effects from warming.Deoxygenation is a global problem in coastal and open regions of the ocean, and has led to expanding areas of oxygen minimum zones and coastal hypoxia. The recent expansion of hypoxia in coastal ecosystems has been primarily attributed to global warming and enhanced nutrient input from land and atmosphere. The largest anthropogenically induced hypoxic area in the world is the Baltic Sea, where the relative importance of physical forcing versus eutrophication is still debated. We have analyzed water column oxygen and salinity profiles to reconstruct oxygen and stratification conditions over the last 115 y and compare the influence of both climate and anthropogenic forcing on hypoxia. We report a 10-fold increase of hypoxia in the Baltic Sea and show that this is primarily linked to increased inputs of nutrients from land, although increased respiration from higher temperatures during the last two decades has contributed to worsening oxygen conditions. Although shifts in climate and physical circulation are important factors modulating the extent of hypoxia, further nutrient reductions in the Baltic Sea will be necessary to reduce the ecosystems impacts of deoxygenation.'
    Author: 'Carstensen, Jacob; Andersen, Jesper H.; Gustafsson, Bo G.; Conley, Daniel J.'
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1323156111
    Issue: 15
    Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    Pages: 5628-5633
    Title: Deoxygenation of the Baltic Sea during the last century
    Volume: 111
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 25590
    _uuid: 1cee8d1c-db44-4882-bf43-0e3be5167a0b
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1323156111
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  identifier: 1cee8d1c-db44-4882-bf43-0e3be5167a0b
  uri: /reference/1cee8d1c-db44-4882-bf43-0e3be5167a0b
- attrs:
    Author: 'Glaser, Lewrene; Kathleen Kassel; Rosanna Mentzer Morrison'
    Issue: December
    Periodical Title: Amber Waves
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Publisher: USDA Economic Research Service
    Title: A visual primer for the food and agricultural sectors
    URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2013/december/a-visual-primer-for-the-food-and-agricultural-sectors/
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 23614
    _uuid: 1d0fff95-e9dc-4f82-baa9-a20dede574ec
    reftype: Electronic Article
  child_publication: /generic/921bafc0-57dc-456a-b430-e5c07d02815b
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1d0fff95-e9dc-4f82-baa9-a20dede574ec.yaml
  identifier: 1d0fff95-e9dc-4f82-baa9-a20dede574ec
  uri: /reference/1d0fff95-e9dc-4f82-baa9-a20dede574ec
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 16
    Author: 'ERS,'
    Description: 6
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Publisher: USDA Economic Research Service (ERS)
    Title: 'Nonmetro County Poverty Rates, 2011-2015 Average [chart]'
    URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/chart-gallery/gallery/chart-detail/?chartId=82280
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 26131
    _uuid: 1f9c41a2-775b-41e7-b93f-fd10e077ee66
    reftype: Web Page
  child_publication: /webpage/d075900e-87fd-4368-85ff-508d41df5dac
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1f9c41a2-775b-41e7-b93f-fd10e077ee66.yaml
  identifier: 1f9c41a2-775b-41e7-b93f-fd10e077ee66
  uri: /reference/1f9c41a2-775b-41e7-b93f-fd10e077ee66
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Heatwaves are divided between moderate, more common heatwaves and rare “high-mortality” heatwaves that have extremely large health effects per day, which we define as heatwaves with a 20 % or higher increase in mortality risk. Better projections of the expected frequency of and exposure to these separate types of heatwaves could help communities optimize heat mitigation and response plans and gauge the potential benefits of limiting climate change. Whether a heatwave is high-mortality or moderate could depend on multiple heatwave characteristics, including intensity, length, and timing. We created heatwave classification models using a heatwave training dataset created using recent (1987–2005) health and weather data from 82 large US urban communities. We built twenty potential classification models and used Monte Carlo cross-validations to evaluate these models. We ultimately identified several models that can adequately classify high-mortality heatwaves. These models can be used to project future trends in high-mortality heatwaves under different scenarios of a changing future (e.g., climate change, population change). Further, these models are novel in the way they allow exploration of different scenarios of adaptation to heat, as they include, as predictive variables, heatwave characteristics that are measured relative to a community’s temperature distribution, allowing different adaptation scenarios to be explored by selecting alternative community temperature distributions. The three selected models have been placed on GitHub for use by other researchers, and we use them in a companion paper to project trends in high-mortality heatwaves under different climate, population, and adaptation scenarios.'
    Author: 'Anderson, G. Brooke; Oleson, Keith W.; Jones, Bryan; Peng, Roger D.'
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-016-1776-0
    Date: February 01
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Climatic Change
    Pages: 439-453
    Title: 'Classifying heatwaves: Developing health-based models to predict high-mortality versus moderate United States heatwaves'
    Type of Article: journal article
    Volume: 146
    Year: 2018
    _record_number: 25579
    _uuid: 200c4ff2-90da-45da-bc7a-f4565dbd2fbb
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-016-1776-0
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/200c4ff2-90da-45da-bc7a-f4565dbd2fbb.yaml
  identifier: 200c4ff2-90da-45da-bc7a-f4565dbd2fbb
  uri: /reference/200c4ff2-90da-45da-bc7a-f4565dbd2fbb
- attrs:
    Author: 'Ahn, Kuk-Hyun; Richard N. Palmer'
    DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001286
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
    Pages: 04015061
    Title: Trend and variability in observed hydrological extremes in the United States
    Volume: 21
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 21868
    _uuid: 208a7c69-bbda-45e4-bded-c44fd8ad21e5
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001286
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/208a7c69-bbda-45e4-bded-c44fd8ad21e5.yaml
  identifier: 208a7c69-bbda-45e4-bded-c44fd8ad21e5
  uri: /reference/208a7c69-bbda-45e4-bded-c44fd8ad21e5
- attrs:
    Author: 'Farrigan, Tracey'
    Issue: March
    Periodical Title: Amber Waves
    Publisher: USDA Economic Research Service
    Title: Poverty and deep poverty increasing in rural America
    URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2014/march/poverty-and-deep-poverty-increasing-in-rural-america
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 23608
    _uuid: 23daac87-48e6-486c-a9b3-036c75855565
    reftype: Electronic Article
  child_publication: /generic/9795b86f-ad49-4125-94c4-467a3bea4e03
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/23daac87-48e6-486c-a9b3-036c75855565.yaml
  identifier: 23daac87-48e6-486c-a9b3-036c75855565
  uri: /reference/23daac87-48e6-486c-a9b3-036c75855565
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Corn (Zea mays L.) stover was identified as an important feedstock for cellulosic bioenergy production because of the extensive area upon which the crop is already grown. This report summarizes 239 site-years of field research examining effects of zero, moderate, and high stover removal rates at 36 sites in seven different states. Grain and stover yields from all sites as well as N, P, and K removal from 28 sites are summarized for nine longitude and six latitude bands, two tillage practices (conventional vs no tillage), two stover-harvest methods (machine vs calculated), and two crop rotations {continuous corn (maize) vs corn/soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]}. Mean grain yields ranged from 5.0 to 12.0 Mg ha−1 (80 to 192 bu ac−1). Harvesting an average of 3.9 or 7.2 Mg ha−1 (1.7 or 3.2 tons ac−1) of the corn stover resulted in a slight increase in grain yield at 57 and 51 % of the sites, respectively. Average no-till grain yields were significantly lower than with conventional tillage when stover was not harvested, but not when it was collected. Plant samples collected between physiological maturity and combine harvest showed that compared to not harvesting stover, N, P, and K removal was increased by 24, 2.7, and 31 kg ha−1, respectively, with moderate (3.9 Mg ha−1) harvest and by 47, 5.5, and 62 kg ha−1, respectively, with high (7.2 Mg ha−1) removal. This data will be useful for verifying simulation models and available corn stover feedstock projections, but is too variable for planning site-specific stover harvest.'
    Author: 'Karlen, Douglas L.; Birrell, Stuart J.; Johnson, Jane M. F.; Osborne, Shannon L.; Schumacher, Thomas E.; Varvel, Gary E.; Ferguson, Richard B.; Novak, Jeff M.; Fredrick, James R.; Baker, John M.; Lamb, John A.; Adler, Paul R.; Roth, Greg W.; Nafziger, Emerson D.'
    DOI: 10.1007/s12155-014-9419-7
    Date: June 01
    ISSN: 1939-1242
    Issue: 2
    Journal: BioEnergy Research
    Pages: 528-539
    Title: Multilocation corn stover harvest effects on crop yields and nutrient removal
    Type of Article: journal article
    Volume: 7
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 25554
    _uuid: 260cdc77-7e27-415b-bc41-80686c0b2acc
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s12155-014-9419-7
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/260cdc77-7e27-415b-bc41-80686c0b2acc.yaml
  identifier: 260cdc77-7e27-415b-bc41-80686c0b2acc
  uri: /reference/260cdc77-7e27-415b-bc41-80686c0b2acc
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Biofuels and bio-based products can be produced from a wide variety of herbaceous feedstocks. To supply enough biomass to meet the needs of a new bio-based economy, a suite of dedicated biomass species must be developed to accommodate a range of growing environments throughout the USA. Researchers from the US Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) and collaborators associated with the USDA Regional Biomass Research Centers have made major progress in understanding the genetics of switchgrass, sorghum, and other grass species and have begun to use this knowledge to develop new cultivars with high yields and appropriate traits for efficient conversion to bio-based products. Plant geneticists and breeders have discovered genes that reduce recalcitrance for biochemical conversion to ethanol and drop-in fuels. Progress has also been made in finding genes that improve production under biotic and abiotic stress from diseases, pests, and climatic variations.'
    Author: 'Anderson, W. F.; Sarath, G.; Edme, S.; Casler, M. D.; Mitchell, R. B.; Tobias, C. M.; Hale, A. L.; Sattler, S. E.; Knoll, J. E.'
    DOI: 10.1007/s12155-015-9709-8
    Date: June 01
    ISSN: 1939-1242
    Issue: 2
    Journal: BioEnergy Research
    Pages: 399-411
    Title: Dedicated herbaceous biomass feedstock genetics and development
    Type of Article: journal article
    Volume: 9
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 25580
    _uuid: 2613e6d3-97a9-4765-becd-3ee7e5e501c4
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s12155-015-9709-8
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2613e6d3-97a9-4765-becd-3ee7e5e501c4.yaml
  identifier: 2613e6d3-97a9-4765-becd-3ee7e5e501c4
  uri: /reference/2613e6d3-97a9-4765-becd-3ee7e5e501c4
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence of occupational heat illness in Ontario. METHODS: Heat illness events were identified in two population-based data sources: work-related emergency department (ED) records and lost time claims for the period 2004-2010 in Ontario, Canada. Incidence rates were calculated using denominator estimates from national labour market surveys and estimates were adjusted for workers’ compensation insurance coverage. Proportional morbidity ratios were estimated for industry, occupation and tenure of employment. RESULTS: There were 785 heat illness events identified in the ED encounter records (incidence rate 1.6 per 1,000,000 full-time equivalent (FTE) months) and 612 heat illness events identified in the lost time claim records (incidence rate 1.7 per 1,000,000 FTE months) in the seven-year observation period with peak incidence observed in the summer months. The risk of heat illness was elevated for men, young workers, manual workers and those with shorter employment tenure. A higher proportion of lost time claims attributed to heat illness were observed in the government services, agriculture and construction sectors relative to all lost time claims. CONCLUSIONS: Occupational heat illnesses are experienced in Ontario’s population and are observed in ED records and lost time claims. The variation of heat illness incidence observed with worker and industry characteristics, and over time, can inform prevention efforts by occupational health services in Ontario.'
    Author: 'Fortune, Melanie K.; Mustard, Cameron A.; Etches, Jacob J.C.; Chambers, Andrea G.'
    DOI: 10.17269/cjph.104.3984
    Date: 2013-09-12
    EPub Date: 2013-10-31
    ISSN: 1920-7476
    Issue: 5
    Journal: Canadian Journal of Public Health
    Keywords: Heat stress disorders; occupational exposure; epidemiology
    Pages: 7
    Short Title: 'Work-attributed Illness Arising From Excess Heat Exposure in Ontario, 2004-2010'
    Start Page: 420
    Title: 'Work-attributed illness arising from excess heat exposure in Ontario, 2004-2010'
    Type of Article: Heat stress disorders; occupational exposure; epidemiology
    Volume: 104
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 23611
    _uuid: 26779560-dc50-4a6b-b555-d4075ce16af9
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.17269/cjph.104.3984
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/26779560-dc50-4a6b-b555-d4075ce16af9.yaml
  identifier: 26779560-dc50-4a6b-b555-d4075ce16af9
  uri: /reference/26779560-dc50-4a6b-b555-d4075ce16af9
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Paul, Bimal Kanti; Che, Deborah; Tinnon, Vicki L.'
    Institution: Natural Hazards Center
    Pages: 12
    Place Published: 'Boulder, CO'
    Series Volume: Quick Response Report 191
    Title: 'Emergency Responses for High Plains Cattle Affected by the December 28-31, 2006, Blizzard'
    URL: http://hermes.cde.state.co.us/drupal/islandora/object/co%3A5497/datastream/OBJ/view
    Year: 2007
    _record_number: 23635
    _uuid: 269d42c2-5865-4c2e-a777-dc4bf6551274
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/emergency-responses-high-plains-cattle-affected-by-december-28-31-2006-blizzard
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/269d42c2-5865-4c2e-a777-dc4bf6551274.yaml
  identifier: 269d42c2-5865-4c2e-a777-dc4bf6551274
  uri: /reference/269d42c2-5865-4c2e-a777-dc4bf6551274
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Biochar has been heralded as an amendment to revitalize degraded soils, improve soil carbon sequestration, increase agronomic productivity, and enter into future carbon trading markets. However, scientific and economic technicalities may limit the ability of biochar to consistently deliver on these expectations. Past research has demonstrated that biochar is part of the black carbon continuum with variable properties due to the net result of production (e.g., feedstock and pyrolysis conditions) and postproduction factors (storage or activation). Therefore, biochar is not a single entity but rather spans a wide range of black carbon forms. Biochar is black carbon, but not all black carbon is biochar. Agronomic benefits arising from biochar additions to degraded soils have been emphasized, but negligible and negative agronomic effects have also been reported. Fifty percent of the reviewed studies reported yield increases after black carbon or biochar additions, with the remainder of the studies reporting alarming decreases to no significant differences. Hardwood biochar (black carbon) produced by traditional methods (kilns or soil pits) possessed the most consistent yield increases when added to soils. The universality of this conclusion requires further evaluation due to the highly skewed feedstock preferences within existing studies. With global population expanding while the amount of arable land remains limited, restoring soil quality to nonproductive soils could be key to meeting future global food production, food security, and energy supplies; biochar may play a role in this endeavor. Biochar economics are often marginally viable and are tightly tied to the assumed duration of agronomic benefits. Further research is needed to determine the conditions under which biochar can provide economic and agronomic benefits and to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms responsible for these benefits.'
    Author: 'Spokas, Kurt A.; Cantrell, Keri B.; Novak, Jeffrey M.; Archer, David W.; Ippolito, James A.; Collins, Harold P.; Boateng, Akwasi A.; Lima, Isabel M.; Lamb, Marshall C.; McAloon, Andrew J.; Lentz, Rodrick D.; Nichols, Kristine A.'
    DOI: 10.2134/jeq2011.0069
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Journal of Environmental Quality
    Language: English
    Pages: 973-989
    Title: 'Biochar: A synthesis of its agronomic impact beyond carbon sequestration'
    Volume: 41
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 25535
    _uuid: 28aa04a1-7859-4333-8f46-be75ea295a17
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.2134/jeq2011.0069
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/28aa04a1-7859-4333-8f46-be75ea295a17.yaml
  identifier: 28aa04a1-7859-4333-8f46-be75ea295a17
  uri: /reference/28aa04a1-7859-4333-8f46-be75ea295a17
- attrs:
    Author: 'Schauberger, Bernhard; Archontoulis, Sotirios; Arneth, Almut; Balkovic, Juraj; Ciais, Philippe; Deryng, Delphine; Elliott, Joshua; Folberth, Christian; Khabarov, Nikolay; Müller, Christoph; Pugh, Thomas A. M.; Rolinski, Susanne; Schaphoff, Sibyll; Schmid, Erwin; Wang, Xuhui; Schlenker, Wolfram; Frieler, Katja'
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13931
    Date: 01/19/online
    Journal: Nature Communications
    Pages: 13931
    Publisher: The Author(s)
    Title: Consistent negative response of US crops to high temperatures in observations and crop models
    Type of Article: Article
    Volume: 8
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 21163
    _uuid: 2967c8a9-063e-4118-92a4-71f266341e2f
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1038/ncomms13931
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2967c8a9-063e-4118-92a4-71f266341e2f.yaml
  identifier: 2967c8a9-063e-4118-92a4-71f266341e2f
  uri: /reference/2967c8a9-063e-4118-92a4-71f266341e2f
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 7
    Author: 'Vose, R.S.; D.R. Easterling; K.E. Kunkel; A.N. LeGrande; M.F. Wehner'
    Book Title: 'Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I'
    DOI: 10.7930/J0N29V45
    Editor: 'Wuebbles, D.J.; D.W. Fahey; K.A. Hibbard; D.J. Dokken; B.C. Stewart; T.K. Maycock'
    Pages: 185-206
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC, USA'
    Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program
    Title: Temperature Changes in the United States
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 21564
    _uuid: 29960c69-6168-4fb0-9af0-d50bdd91acd3
    reftype: Book Section
  child_publication: /report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/temperature-change
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/29960c69-6168-4fb0-9af0-d50bdd91acd3.yaml
  identifier: 29960c69-6168-4fb0-9af0-d50bdd91acd3
  uri: /reference/29960c69-6168-4fb0-9af0-d50bdd91acd3
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Global warming is predicted to have a general negative effect on plant growth due to the negative effect of high temperatures on plant development. The increasing threat of climatological extremes, including very high temperatures might lead to catastrophic loss of crop productivity and result in wide spread famine. In this review we assess the impact of global climate change on the production of agricultural crop production. There is a differential effect of climate change both in terms of geographic location and the crops that have will be likely to show the most extreme reductions in yield as a result of warming in general and the expected fluctuations in temperature. High temperature stress has a wide range of effects on plants both in terms of physiology, biochemistry and gene regulation pathways. In this review we present the recent advances of research on all these level of investigation focusing on potential leads that may help to understand more fully the mechanisms that make plants tolerant or susceptible to heat stress. Finally we review possible mechanisms and methods which can lead to the generation of new varieties that will allow sustainable yield production in a world likely to be challenged both by increasing population, higher average temperatures and larger temperature fluctuations.'
    Author: 'Bita, Craita; Gerats, Tom'
    Author Address: 'Ms Craita Bita,Radboud University Nijmegen,Nijmegen,Netherlands,elenacraita.bita@hutton.ac.uk'
    DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00273
    Date: 2013-July-31
    ISSN: 1664-462X
    Issue: 273
    Journal: Frontiers in Plant Science
    Keywords: 'Global Warming,Food security,heat tolerance,crop productivity,Abiotic stress tolerance,Reproductive development'
    Language: English
    Short Title: Plant tolerance to heat stress in a changing environment
    Title: 'Plant tolerance to high temperature in a changing environment: Scientific fundamentals and production of heat stress-tolerant crops'
    Type of Article: Review
    Volume: 4
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 23503
    _uuid: 2a7983dd-7ca7-40ae-8311-07494fab7a8b
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.3389/fpls.2013.00273
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2a7983dd-7ca7-40ae-8311-07494fab7a8b.yaml
  identifier: 2a7983dd-7ca7-40ae-8311-07494fab7a8b
  uri: /reference/2a7983dd-7ca7-40ae-8311-07494fab7a8b
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'USDA,'
    Institution: U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
    Pages: 50
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Title: 'Strategic Plan: FY 2010-2015'
    URL: https://www.ocfo.usda.gov/usdasp/sp2010/sp2010.pdf
    Year: 2010
    _record_number: 23642
    _uuid: 2a8c30e6-ccc4-42a4-9a9b-2a20f901f998
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/strategic-plan-fy-2010-2015
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2a8c30e6-ccc4-42a4-9a9b-2a20f901f998.yaml
  identifier: 2a8c30e6-ccc4-42a4-9a9b-2a20f901f998
  uri: /reference/2a8c30e6-ccc4-42a4-9a9b-2a20f901f998
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Farm Service Agency,'
    Institution: USDA Farm Service Agency
    Pages: 2
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Report Number: Disaster Assistance Fact Sheet
    Title: Emergency Disaster Designation and Declaration Process
    URL: https://www.fsa.usda.gov/Assets/USDA-FSA-Public/usdafiles/FactSheets/2017/emergency_disaster_designation_and_declaration_process_oct2017.pdf
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 25571
    _uuid: 2b7866fc-84d7-4550-aa1f-f98ca2f9b84a
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/emergency-disaster-designation-declaration-process
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2b7866fc-84d7-4550-aa1f-f98ca2f9b84a.yaml
  identifier: 2b7866fc-84d7-4550-aa1f-f98ca2f9b84a
  uri: /reference/2b7866fc-84d7-4550-aa1f-f98ca2f9b84a
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Howden, S.M.\rSoussana, Jean-François\rTubiello, F.N.\rChhetri, N.\rDunlop, M.\rMeinke, H."
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0701890104
    Epub Date: 'December 6, 2007'
    ISSN: 0027-8424
    Issue: 50
    Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    Pages: 19691-19696
    Title: Adapting agriculture to climate change
    URL: http://www.pnas.org/content/104/50/19691.full
    Volume: 104
    Year: 2007
    _chapter: '["Ch. 6: Agriculture FINAL","Ch. 17: Southeast and Caribbean FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 3590
    _uuid: 2b83fcb4-bf8e-4e93-8c3f-2be10b57f60c
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.0701890104
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2b83fcb4-bf8e-4e93-8c3f-2be10b57f60c.yaml
  identifier: 2b83fcb4-bf8e-4e93-8c3f-2be10b57f60c
  uri: /reference/2b83fcb4-bf8e-4e93-8c3f-2be10b57f60c
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Wiebe, Keith'
    Institution: USDA Economic Research Service
    Pages: 60
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Series Volume: Agricultural Economic Report No. AER-823
    Title: 'Linking Land Quality, Agricultural Productivity, and Food Security'
    URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=41575
    Year: 2003
    _record_number: 23647
    _uuid: 2bee1d5c-b47e-441e-9edb-dba4f7450057
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/linking-land-quality-agricultural-productivity-food-security
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2bee1d5c-b47e-441e-9edb-dba4f7450057.yaml
  identifier: 2bee1d5c-b47e-441e-9edb-dba4f7450057
  uri: /reference/2bee1d5c-b47e-441e-9edb-dba4f7450057
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Ortiz, R.\rSayre, K.D.\rGovaerts, B.\rGupta, R.\rSubbarao, G.V.\rBan, T.\rHodson, D.\rDixon, J.M.\rIván Ortiz-Monasterio, J.\rReynolds, M."
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2008.01.019
    ISSN: 0167-8809
    Issue: 1
    Journal: 'Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment'
    Pages: 46-58
    Title: 'Climate change: Can wheat beat the heat?'
    URL: 'http://ibp.generationcp.org/confluence/download/attachments/23069648/Ortiz_et_al_2008-Can_wheat_beat_the_heat-AgrEcosystEnv.pdf]'
    Volume: 126
    Year: 2008
    _chapter: '["Ch. 6: Agriculture FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 2370
    _uuid: 2c003dcb-ddfb-4415-8023-bb889cf9abea
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.agee.2008.01.019
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2c003dcb-ddfb-4415-8023-bb889cf9abea.yaml
  identifier: 2c003dcb-ddfb-4415-8023-bb889cf9abea
  uri: /reference/2c003dcb-ddfb-4415-8023-bb889cf9abea
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'A fundamental aspect of climate change is the potential shifts in flowering phenology and pollen initiation associated with milder winters and warmer seasonal air temperature. Earlier floral anthesis has been suggested, in turn, to have a role in human disease by increasing time of exposure to pollen that causes allergic rhinitis and related asthma. However, earlier floral initiation does not necessarily alter the temporal duration of the pollen season, and, to date, no consistent continental trend in pollen season length has been demonstrated. Here we report that duration of the ragweed (Ambrosia spp.) pollen season has been increasing in recent decades as a function of latitude in North America. Latitudinal effects on increasing season length were associated primarily with a delay in first frost of the fall season and lengthening of the frost free period. Overall, these data indicate a significant increase in the length of the ragweed pollen season by as much as 13-27 d at latitudes above similar to 44 degrees N since 1995. This is consistent with recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projections regarding enhanced warming as a function of latitude. If similar warming trends accompany long-term climate change, greater exposure times to seasonal allergens may occur with subsequent effects on public health.'
    Accession Number: ISI:000288120400079
    Alternate Journal: P Natl Acad Sci USA
    Author: "Ziska, L.\rKnowlton, K.\rRogers, C.\rDalan, D.\rTierney, N.\rElder, M. A.\rFilley, W.\rShropshire, J.\rFord, L. B.\rHedberg, C.\rFleetwood, P.\rHovanky, K. T.\rKavanaugh, T.\rFulford, G.\rVrtis, R. F.\rPatz, J. A.\rPortnoy, J.\rCoates, F.\rBielory, L.\rFrenz, D."
    Author Address: 'Ziska, L; ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA; ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA; ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA; Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Hlth & Environm Program, Nat Resources Def Council, New York, NY 10032 USA; Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, New York, NY 10032 USA; Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA; Allergy & Asthma Care Ctr, Fargo, ND 58103 USA; Allergy & Asthma Specialists, Minneapolis, MN 55402 USA; Oklahoma Allergy & Asthma Clin, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA; Ctr Asthma & Allergy, Omaha, NE 68123 USA; Hedberg Allergy & Asthma Ctr, Rogers, AR 72758 USA; Allergy & Asthma Ctr Georgetown, Georgetown, TX 78628 USA; Allergy Associates, La Crosse, WI 54602 USA; Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA; Univ Wisconsin, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA; Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Childrens Mercy Hosp, Sect Allergy Asthma & Immunol, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA; Aerobiol Res Labs, Nepean, ON K2E 7Y5, Canada; Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Environm Predict, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA; HealthE Care Syst, St Paul, MN 55102 USA'
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1014107108
    Date: Mar 8
    ISSN: 0027-8424
    Issue: 10
    Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    Keywords: aerobiology; allergies; global warming; ambrosia-artemisiifolia l.; climate-change; common ragweed; public-health; united-states; aeroallergens; allergy; urbanization; temperatures; counts
    Language: English
    Notes: 731PA; Times Cited:9; Cited References Count:34
    Pages: 4248-4251
    Title: Recent warming by latitude associated with increased length of ragweed pollen season in central North America
    URL: http://www.pnas.org/content/108/10/4248.full.pdf+html
    Volume: 108
    Year: 2011
    _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL","Ch. 16: Northeast FINAL","Ch. 19: Great Plains FINAL","Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL","Overview","RF 1","Ch. 18: Midwest FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 3557
    _uuid: 2d1ffd71-6c31-4d2e-9867-bdf330be45c1
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1014107108
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2d1ffd71-6c31-4d2e-9867-bdf330be45c1.yaml
  identifier: 2d1ffd71-6c31-4d2e-9867-bdf330be45c1
  uri: /reference/2d1ffd71-6c31-4d2e-9867-bdf330be45c1
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Several economic assessments of climate change build on the assumption that reductions of cold-related mortality will overcompensate increases in heat-related mortality at least for moderate levels of global warming. Due to the lack of suitable epidemiological studies with sufficient spatial coverage, many of these assessments rely on one particular dataset: projections of temperature-related mortality in 17 countries published almost 20 years ago. Here, we reanalyse this dataset with a focus on cardiovascular mortality and present evidence for two flaws in the original analysis, which would imply a significant bias towards finding net mortality benefits from climate change: (i) the combination of mortality data for all ages with data specific to the elderly and (ii) the confounding of seasonal effects with direct temperature effects on mortality. This bias appears to be further amplified in the integrated assessment models FUND and ENVISAGE, and related economic assessment tools relying on the same calibration scheme, because heat-related cardiovascular mortality is assumed to affect urban populations only in these models. In an exemplary calculation, we show that while FUND currently projects a net reduction of approximately 380,000 deaths from cardiovascular diseases globally per year at 1 °C of global warming, correcting for the two potential flaws and assuming equal vulnerability of urban and rural populations would result in a net increase of cardiovascular mortality, with approximately 150,000 net additional deaths globally per year. Our findings point to the urgent need of renewing damage functions on temperature-related mortality currently applied in some of the most widely used integrated assessment models.'
    Author: 'Huber, Veronika; Ibarreta, Dolores; Frieler, Katja'
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-017-1956-6
    Date: June 01
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Climatic Change
    Pages: 407-418
    Title: ' Cold- and heat-related mortality: A cautionary note on current damage functions with net benefits from climate change '
    Type of Article: journal article
    Volume: 142
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 23537
    _uuid: 2d3fe667-e18a-42ca-abf6-ae5261ac54e1
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-017-1956-6
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2d3fe667-e18a-42ca-abf6-ae5261ac54e1.yaml
  identifier: 2d3fe667-e18a-42ca-abf6-ae5261ac54e1
  uri: /reference/2d3fe667-e18a-42ca-abf6-ae5261ac54e1
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Dahl, Thomas E.; Stedman, Susan-Marie'
    Institution: 'U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service'
    Pages: 46
    Place Published: 'Reston, VA, and Silver Spring, MD'
    Title: Status and trends of wetlands in the coastal watersheds of the conterminous United States 2004 to 2009
    URL: https://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Documents/Status-and-Trends-of-Wetlands-In-the-Coastal-Watersheds-of-the-Conterminous-US-2004-to-2009.pdf
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 25577
    _uuid: 2de0a3fe-b36f-456d-8008-b42605c55fcd
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/status-trends-wetlands-coastal-watersheds-conterminous-united-states-2004-2009
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2de0a3fe-b36f-456d-8008-b42605c55fcd.yaml
  identifier: 2de0a3fe-b36f-456d-8008-b42605c55fcd
  uri: /reference/2de0a3fe-b36f-456d-8008-b42605c55fcd
- attrs:
    Abstract: "Dwindling water supplies, increasing drought frequency and uncertainties associated with a changing climate mean Europe's irrigated agriculture sector needs to improve water efficiency and produce more 'crop per drop'. This paper summarizes the drivers for change, and the constraints and opportunities for improving agricultural water management through uptake of precision irrigation technologies. A multi‐disciplinary and integrated approach involving irrigation engineers, soil scientists, agronomists and plant physiologists will be needed if the potential for precision irrigation within the field crop sector is to be realized. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry"
    Author: 'Monaghan, James M; Daccache, Andre; Vickers, Laura H; Hess, Tim M; Weatherhead, E Keith; Grove, Ivan G; Knox, Jerry W'
    DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6051
    Issue: 5
    Journal: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
    Pages: 977-980
    Title: 'More ‘crop per drop’: Constraints and opportunities for precision irrigation in European agriculture'
    Volume: 93
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 25548
    _uuid: 2dffaa8f-4412-4eba-ae03-15f74bdce48b
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1002/jsfa.6051
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2dffaa8f-4412-4eba-ae03-15f74bdce48b.yaml
  identifier: 2dffaa8f-4412-4eba-ae03-15f74bdce48b
  uri: /reference/2dffaa8f-4412-4eba-ae03-15f74bdce48b
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'The growing human population and a changing environment have raised significant concern for global food security, with the current improvement rate of several important crops inadequate to meet future demand 1 . This slow improvement rate is attributed partly to the long generation times of crop plants. Here, we present a method called ‘speed breeding’, which greatly shortens generation time and accelerates breeding and research programmes. Speed breeding can be used to achieve up to 6 generations per year for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum), durum wheat (T. durum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and pea (Pisum sativum), and 4 generations for canola (Brassica napus), instead of 2–3 under normal glasshouse conditions. We demonstrate that speed breeding in fully enclosed, controlled-environment growth chambers can accelerate plant development for research purposes, including phenotyping of adult plant traits, mutant studies and transformation. The use of supplemental lighting in a glasshouse environment allows rapid generation cycling through single seed descent (SSD) and potential for adaptation to larger-scale crop improvement programs. Cost saving through light-emitting diode (LED) supplemental lighting is also outlined. We envisage great potential for integrating speed breeding with other modern crop breeding technologies, including high-throughput genotyping, genome editing and genomic selection, accelerating the rate of crop improvement.'
    Author: 'Watson, Amy; Ghosh, Sreya; Williams, Matthew J.; Cuddy, William S.; Simmonds, James; Rey, María-Dolores; Asyraf Md Hatta, M.; Hinchliffe, Alison; Steed, Andrew; Reynolds, Daniel; Adamski, Nikolai M.; Breakspear, Andy; Korolev, Andrey; Rayner, Tracey; Dixon, Laura E.; Riaz, Adnan; Martin, William; Ryan, Merrill; Edwards, David; Batley, Jacqueline; Raman, Harsh; Carter, Jeremy; Rogers, Christian; Domoney, Claire; Moore, Graham; Harwood, Wendy; Nicholson, Paul; Dieters, Mark J.; DeLacy, Ian H.; Zhou, Ji; Uauy, Cristobal; Boden, Scott A.; Park, Robert F.; Wulff, Brande B. H.; Hickey, Lee T.'
    DOI: 10.1038/s41477-017-0083-8
    Date: 2018/01/01
    ISSN: 2055-0278
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Nature Plants
    Pages: 23-29
    Title: Speed breeding is a powerful tool to accelerate crop research and breeding
    Volume: 4
    Year: 2018
    _record_number: 25533
    _uuid: 2f97778b-5e02-44b5-b4a5-14492fd37ec8
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1038/s41477-017-0083-8
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2f97778b-5e02-44b5-b4a5-14492fd37ec8.yaml
  identifier: 2f97778b-5e02-44b5-b4a5-14492fd37ec8
  uri: /reference/2f97778b-5e02-44b5-b4a5-14492fd37ec8
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    .section: 31
    Author: "Morello-Frosch, Rachel\rManuel Pastor\rJames Sadd\rSeth B. Shonkoff"
    Institution: 'University of California, Berkeley, and USC Program for Environmental & Regional Equity'
    Title: 'The Climate Gap: Inequalities in How Climate Change Hurts Americans & How to Close the Gap'
    URL: http://dornsife.usc.edu/assets/sites/242/docs/The_Climate_Gap_Full_Report_FINAL.pdf
    Year: 2009
    _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 4578
    _uuid: 2fb19c54-72ed-460d-a72f-78f257decd7c
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/uca-climategap-2009
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2fb19c54-72ed-460d-a72f-78f257decd7c.yaml
  identifier: 2fb19c54-72ed-460d-a72f-78f257decd7c
  uri: /reference/2fb19c54-72ed-460d-a72f-78f257decd7c
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Biochar additions to soils can improve soil-water storage capability; however, there is sparse information identifying feedstocks and pyrolysis conditions that maximize this improvement. Nine biochars were pyrolyzed from five feedstocks at two temperatures, and their physical and chemical properties were characterized. Biochars were mixed at 2% wt wt−1 into a Norfolk loamy sand (Fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kandiudult), a Declo silt loam (Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic xeric Haplocalcid), or a Warden silt loam (Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic xeric Haplocambid). Untreated soils served as controls. Soils were laboratory incubated in pots for 127 days and were leached about every 30 days with deionized water. Soil bulk densities were measured before each leaching event. For 6 days thereafter, pot-holding capacities (PHC) for water were determined gravimetrically and were used as a surrogate for soil-moisture contents. Water tension curves were also measured on the biochar-treated and untreated Norfolk soil. Biochar surface area, surface tension, ash, C, and Si contents, in general, increased when produced under higher pyrolytic temperatures (≥500°C). Both switchgrass biochars caused the most significant water PHC improvements in the Norfolk, Declo, and Warden soils compared with the controls. Norfolk soil-water tension results at 5 and 60 kPa corroborated that biochar from switchgrass caused the most significant moisture storage improvements. Significant correlation occurred between the PHC for water with soil bulk densities. In general, biochar amendments enhanced the moisture storage capacity of Ultisols and Aridisols, but the effect varied with feedstock selection and pyrolysis temperature.'
    Author: 'Novak, Jeffrey M.; Busscher, Warren J.; Watts, Donald W.; Amonette, James E.; Ippolito, James A.; Lima, Isabel M.; Gaskin, Julia; Das, K. C.; Steiner, Christoph; Ahmedna, Mohamed; Rehrah, Djaafar; Schomberg, Harry'
    DOI: 10.1097/SS.0b013e31824e5593
    ISSN: 0038-075X
    Issue: 5
    Journal: Soil Science
    Keywords: Aridisol; biochar; GRACEnet; soil moisture; Ultisol
    Pages: 310-320
    Title: Biochars impact on soil-moisture storage in an Ultisol and two Aridisols
    Volume: 177
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 25544
    _uuid: 35c90ff0-81c5-40f7-be34-8c7d832e69fc
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1097/SS.0b013e31824e5593
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/35c90ff0-81c5-40f7-be34-8c7d832e69fc.yaml
  identifier: 35c90ff0-81c5-40f7-be34-8c7d832e69fc
  uri: /reference/35c90ff0-81c5-40f7-be34-8c7d832e69fc
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'This report addresses the development of dryland oilseed crops to provide feedstock for production of biofuels in semi-arid portions of the northwestern USA. Bioenergy feedstocks derived from Brassica oilseed crops have been considered for production of hydrotreated renewable jet fuel, but crop growth and yields in the northwestern region are limited by a lack of plant available water. Based on a review of the scientific literature, several areas were identified where research could be directed to provide improvements. The current agronomic limitations for oilseed production are mainly due to seedling establishment under extreme heat, dry seedbeds at optimum planting times, survival under extreme cold, and interspecific competition with weeds. To improve emergence and stand establishment, future work should focus on developing soil management and seeding techniques that optimize plant available water, reduce heat stress, and provide a competitive advantage against weeds that are customized for specific crops, soil types, and soil and environmental conditions. Spring and winter cultivars are needed that offer increased seedling vigor, drought resistance, and cold tolerance.'
    Author: 'Long, D. S.; Young, F. L.; Schillinger, W. F.; Reardon, C. L.; Williams, J. D.; Allen, B. L.; Pan, W. L.; Wysocki, D. J.'
    DOI: 10.1007/s12155-016-9719-1
    Date: June 01
    ISSN: 1939-1242
    Issue: 2
    Journal: BioEnergy Research
    Pages: 412-429
    Title: Development of dryland oilseed production systems in northwestern region of the USA
    Type of Article: journal article
    Volume: 9
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 25549
    _uuid: 3618ca51-690c-4dfe-8136-5c398ff2786f
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s12155-016-9719-1
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3618ca51-690c-4dfe-8136-5c398ff2786f.yaml
  identifier: 3618ca51-690c-4dfe-8136-5c398ff2786f
  uri: /reference/3618ca51-690c-4dfe-8136-5c398ff2786f
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'FEMA,'
    Institution: 'Department of Homeland Security, Emergence Preparedness and Response'
    Pages: 62
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Title: The California Fires Coordination Group. A Report to the Secretary of Homeland Security
    URL: https://www.fema.gov/pdf/library/draft_cfcg_report_0204.pdf
    Year: 2004
    _record_number: 25570
    _uuid: 3753670c-572d-4523-b503-f15a60454fcd
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/california-fires-coordination-group-report-secretary-homeland-security
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3753670c-572d-4523-b503-f15a60454fcd.yaml
  identifier: 3753670c-572d-4523-b503-f15a60454fcd
  uri: /reference/3753670c-572d-4523-b503-f15a60454fcd
- attrs:
    Author: 'Mader, T. L.; Holt, S. M.; Hahn, G. L.; Davis, M. S.; Spiers, D. E.'
    DOI: 10.2527/2002.8092373x
    Issue: 9
    Journal: Journal of Animal Science
    Language: English
    Pages: 2373-2382
    Title: Feeding strategies for managing heat load in feedlot cattle
    Volume: 80
    Year: 2002
    _record_number: 23627
    _uuid: 37ed3902-a0a7-4e27-9ee3-d227ee4465ea
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.2527/2002.8092373x
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/37ed3902-a0a7-4e27-9ee3-d227ee4465ea.yaml
  identifier: 37ed3902-a0a7-4e27-9ee3-d227ee4465ea
  uri: /reference/37ed3902-a0a7-4e27-9ee3-d227ee4465ea
- attrs:
    Author: 'Garbrecht, Jurgen D.; Steiner, Jean L.; Cox, Craig A.'
    DOI: 10.1002/hyp.6853
    Issue: 19
    Journal: Hydrological Processes
    Pages: 2677-2679
    Title: 'The times they are changing: Soil and water conservation in the 21st century'
    Volume: 21
    Year: 2007
    _record_number: 26128
    _uuid: 38649302-7d94-4d5d-89bb-e50bd9eb242b
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1002/hyp.6853
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/38649302-7d94-4d5d-89bb-e50bd9eb242b.yaml
  identifier: 38649302-7d94-4d5d-89bb-e50bd9eb242b
  uri: /reference/38649302-7d94-4d5d-89bb-e50bd9eb242b
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'A combination of climate events (e.g., low precipitation and high temperatures) may cause a significant impact on the ecosystem and society, although individual events involved may not be severe extremes themselves. Analyzing historical changes in concurrent climate extremes is critical to preparing for and mitigating the negative effects of climatic change and variability. This study focuses on the changes in concurrences of heatwaves and meteorological droughts from 1960 to 2010. Despite an apparent hiatus in rising temperature and no significant trend in droughts, we show a substantial increase in concurrent droughts and heatwaves across most parts of the United States, and a statistically significant shift in the distribution of concurrent extremes. Although commonly used trend analysis methods do not show any trend in concurrent droughts and heatwaves, a unique statistical approach discussed in this study exhibits a statistically significant change in the distribution of the data.'
    Author: 'Mazdiyasni, Omid; AghaKouchak, Amir'
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1422945112
    Date: 'September 15, 2015'
    Issue: 37
    Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    Pages: 11484-11489
    Title: Substantial increase in concurrent droughts and heatwaves in the United States
    Volume: 112
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 20268
    _uuid: 38b0ec9f-8c00-428f-9ec9-6214f617515d
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1422945112
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/38b0ec9f-8c00-428f-9ec9-6214f617515d.yaml
  identifier: 38b0ec9f-8c00-428f-9ec9-6214f617515d
  uri: /reference/38b0ec9f-8c00-428f-9ec9-6214f617515d
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'U.S. Bureau of Reclamation,'
    Institution: 'U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation'
    Pages: 50
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Title: 'Reclamation: Managing Water in the West, Climate Change Adaptation Strategy'
    URL: https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=760006
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 23644
    _uuid: 38f2d0cb-3a39-4af2-9777-0072e5d0a30e
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/reclamation-managing-water-west-climate-change-adaptation-strategy
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/38f2d0cb-3a39-4af2-9777-0072e5d0a30e.yaml
  identifier: 38f2d0cb-3a39-4af2-9777-0072e5d0a30e
  uri: /reference/38f2d0cb-3a39-4af2-9777-0072e5d0a30e
- attrs:
    Author: 'Marshall, N. A.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.10.003
    Date: 2010/02/01/
    ISSN: 0959-3780
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Global Environmental Change
    Keywords: Climate change; Adaptive capacity; Adoption; Decision-making; Seasonal climate forecasts; Vulnerability
    Pages: 36-43
    Title: Understanding social resilience to climate variability in primary enterprises and industries
    Volume: 20
    Year: 2010
    _record_number: 23559
    _uuid: 39a3c52b-f062-44c9-af55-5c028c68f5e6
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.10.003
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/39a3c52b-f062-44c9-af55-5c028c68f5e6.yaml
  identifier: 39a3c52b-f062-44c9-af55-5c028c68f5e6
  uri: /reference/39a3c52b-f062-44c9-af55-5c028c68f5e6
- attrs:
    Author: 'Novick, Kimberly A.; Ficklin, Darren L.; Stoy, Paul C.; Williams, Christopher A.; Bohrer, Gil; Oishi, A.  Christopher; Papuga, Shirley A.; Blanken, Peter D.; Noormets, Asko; Sulman, Benjamin N.; Scott, Russell L.; Wang, Lixin; Phillips, Richard P.'
    DOI: 10.1038/nclimate3114
    Date: 09/05/online
    Journal: Nature Climate Change
    Pages: 1023-1027
    Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
    Title: The increasing importance of atmospheric demand for ecosystem water and carbon fluxes
    Volume: 6
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 23563
    _uuid: 3a3fae72-1abc-4a9e-a816-02252ac7c6fe
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1038/nclimate3114
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3a3fae72-1abc-4a9e-a816-02252ac7c6fe.yaml
  identifier: 3a3fae72-1abc-4a9e-a816-02252ac7c6fe
  uri: /reference/3a3fae72-1abc-4a9e-a816-02252ac7c6fe
- attrs:
    Author: 'Amundson, J. L.; Mader, T. L.; Rasby, R. J.; Hu, Q. S.'
    DOI: 10.2527/jas.2005-611
    Issue: 12
    Journal: Journal of Animal Science
    Language: English
    Pages: 3415-3420
    Title: Environmental effects on pregnancy rate in beef cattle
    Volume: 84
    Year: 2006
    _record_number: 23494
    _uuid: 3a41269d-cb34-4692-a6b1-deab04236368
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.2527/jas.2005-611
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  identifier: 3a41269d-cb34-4692-a6b1-deab04236368
  uri: /reference/3a41269d-cb34-4692-a6b1-deab04236368
- attrs:
    Author: 'Scasta, John Derek; Lalman, David L.; Henderson, Leticia'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rala.2016.06.006
    Date: 2016/08/01/
    ISSN: 0190-0528
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Rangelands
    Keywords: beef; climate; efficiency; integrated management; rangeland; variability
    Pages: 204-210
    Title: 'Drought mitigation for grazing operations: Matching the animal to the environment'
    Volume: 38
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 23576
    _uuid: 3b5d1cf3-abd2-4e80-aad6-3cafae04d060
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.rala.2016.06.006
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3b5d1cf3-abd2-4e80-aad6-3cafae04d060.yaml
  identifier: 3b5d1cf3-abd2-4e80-aad6-3cafae04d060
  uri: /reference/3b5d1cf3-abd2-4e80-aad6-3cafae04d060
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Increasing severity of high temperature worldwide presents an alarming threat to the humankind. As evident by massive yield losses in various food crops, the escalating adverse impacts of heat stress (HS) are putting the global food as well as nutritional security at great risk. Intrinsically, plants respond to high temperature stress by triggering a cascade of events and adapt by switching on numerous stress‐responsive genes. However, the complex and poorly understood mechanism of heat tolerance (HT), limited access to the precise phenotyping techniques, and above all, the substantial G × E effects offer major bottlenecks to the progress of breeding for improving HT. Therefore, focus should be given to assess the crop diversity, and targeting the adaptive/morpho‐physiological traits while making selections. Equally important is the rapid and precise introgression of the HT‐related gene(s)/QTLs to the heat‐susceptible cultivars to recover the genotypes with enhanced HT. Therefore, the progressive tailoring of the heat‐tolerant genotypes demands a rational integration of molecular breeding, functional genomics and transgenic technologies reinforced with the next‐generation phenomics facilities.'
    Author: 'Jha, Uday Chand; Bohra, Abhishek; Singh, Narendra Pratap'
    DOI: 10.1111/pbr.12217
    Issue: 6
    Journal: Plant Breeding
    Pages: 679-701
    Title: 'Heat stress in crop plants: Its nature, impacts and integrated breeding strategies to improve heat tolerance'
    Volume: 133
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 25558
    _uuid: 3b7eff1e-db02-49a9-9afc-75f9161c896a
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1111/pbr.12217
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  identifier: 3b7eff1e-db02-49a9-9afc-75f9161c896a
  uri: /reference/3b7eff1e-db02-49a9-9afc-75f9161c896a
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Changes in several components of the hydrological cycle over the contiguous United States have been documented during the twentieth century: an increase of precipitation, especially heavy and very heavy precipitation, and a significant retreat in spring snow cover extent over western regions during the last few decades. These changes have affected streamflow, including the probability of high flow. In the eastern half of the United States a significant relationship is found between the frequency of heavy precipitation and high streamflow events both annually and during the months of maximum streamflow. Two factors contributed to finding such a relation: 1) the relatively small contribution of snowmelt to heavy runoff in the eastern United States (compared to the west), and 2) the presence of a sufficiently dense network of streamflow and precipitation gauges available for analysis. An increase of spring heavy precipitation events over the eastern United States indicates with high probability that during the twentieth century an increase of high streamflow conditions has also occurred. In the West, a statistically significant reduction of snow cover extent has complicated the relation between heavy precipitation and streamflow. Increases in peak stream flow have not been observed here, despite increases in heavy precipitation events, and less extensive snow cover is the likely cause.'
    Author: Pavel Ya. Groisman; Richard W. Knight; Thomas R. Karl
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<0219:hpahsi>2.3.co;2
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
    Pages: 219-246
    Title: 'Heavy precipitation and high streamflow in the contiguous United States: Trends in the twentieth century'
    Volume: 82
    Year: 2001
    _record_number: 20922
    _uuid: 3b99e834-0057-481e-a10c-813718fd9ef3
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082%3C0219:hpahsi%3E2.3.co;2
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  identifier: 3b99e834-0057-481e-a10c-813718fd9ef3
  uri: /reference/3b99e834-0057-481e-a10c-813718fd9ef3
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 7
    Author: 'Sweet, W.V.; R. Horton; R.E. Kopp; A.N. LeGrande; A. Romanou'
    Book Title: 'Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I'
    DOI: 10.7930/J0VM49F2
    Editor: 'Wuebbles, D.J.; D.W. Fahey; K.A. Hibbard; D.J. Dokken; B.C. Stewart; T.K. Maycock'
    Pages: 333-363
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC, USA'
    Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program
    Title: Sea Level Rise
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 21570
    _uuid: 3bae2310-7572-47e2-99a4-9e4276764934
    reftype: Book Section
  child_publication: /report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/sea-level-rise
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3bae2310-7572-47e2-99a4-9e4276764934.yaml
  identifier: 3bae2310-7572-47e2-99a4-9e4276764934
  uri: /reference/3bae2310-7572-47e2-99a4-9e4276764934
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    .text_styles: '<record><field id="4"><run face="italic" start="0" /><run start="75" /></field></record>'
    Author: 'Walthall, C.; Backlund, P.; Hatfield, J.; Lengnick, L.; Marshall, E.; Walsh, M.; Adkins, S.; Aillery, M.; Ainsworth, E.A.; Amman, C.; Anderson, C.J.; Bartomeus, I.; Baumgard, L.H.; Booker, F.; Bradley, B.; Blumenthal, D.M.; Bunce, J.; Burkey, K.; Dabney, S.M.; Delgado, J.A.; Dukes, J.; Funk, A.; Garrett, K.; Glenn, M.; Grantz, D.A.; Goodrich, D.; Hu, S.; Izaurralde, R.C.; Jones, R.A.C.; Kim, S-H.; Leaky, A.D.B.; Lewers, K.; Mader, T.L.; McClung, A.; Morgan, J.; Muth, D.J.; Nearing, M.; Oosterhuis, D.M.; Ort, D.; Parmesan, C.; Pettigrew, W.T.; Polley, W.; Rader, R.; Rice, C.; Rivington, M.; Rosskopf, E.; Salas, W.A.; Sollenberger, L.E.; Srygley, R.; Stockle, C.; Takle, E.S.; Timlin, D.; White, J.W.; Winfree, R.; Wright-Morton, L.; Ziska, L.H.'
    Institution: U.S. Department of Agriculture
    Pages: 186
    Place Published: 'Washington, D.C.'
    Series Volume: USDA Technical Bulletin 1935
    Title: 'Climate Change and Agriculture in the United States: Effects and Adaptation'
    URL: http://www.usda.gov/oce/climate_change/effects_2012/CC%20and%20Agriculture%20Report%20(02-04-2013)b.pdf
    Year: 2012
    _chapter: '["Ch. 14: Rural Communities FINAL","Ch. 6: Agriculture FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 3329
    _uuid: 3baf471f-751f-4d68-9227-4197fdbb6e5d
    reftype: Report
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  uri: /reference/3baf471f-751f-4d68-9227-4197fdbb6e5d
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 9
    Author: 'Pelling, Mark'
    ISBN: 978-0415477505
    Place Published: 'Abingdon, UK'
    Publisher: Routledge
    Title: 'Adaptation to Climate Change: From Resilience to Transformation'
    Year: 2010
    _record_number: 23634
    _uuid: 3d19f4a6-97fc-4217-ad50-ac4214e6191a
    reftype: Book
  child_publication: /book/adaptation-climate-change-resilience-transformation
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3d19f4a6-97fc-4217-ad50-ac4214e6191a.yaml
  identifier: 3d19f4a6-97fc-4217-ad50-ac4214e6191a
  uri: /reference/3d19f4a6-97fc-4217-ad50-ac4214e6191a
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 16
    Author: 'State of California,'
    Place Published: 'Sacramento, CA'
    Publisher: California Department of Water Resources
    Title: Groundwater Sustainability Plan Emergency Regulations
    URL: http://www.water.ca.gov/groundwater/sgm/gsp.cfm
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 23639
    _uuid: 3ee18cc7-c1bc-476a-a4a3-d58a41530ff7
    reftype: Web Page
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  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3ee18cc7-c1bc-476a-a4a3-d58a41530ff7.yaml
  identifier: 3ee18cc7-c1bc-476a-a4a3-d58a41530ff7
  uri: /reference/3ee18cc7-c1bc-476a-a4a3-d58a41530ff7
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Špitalar, Maruša; Gourley, Jonathan J.; Lutoff, Celine; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Brilly, Mitja; Carr, Nicholas'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.004
    ISSN: 0022-1694
    Journal: Journal of Hydrology
    Pages: 863-870
    Title: Analysis of flash flood parameters and human impacts in the US from 2006 to 2012
    Volume: 519
    Year: 2014
    _chapter: Ch7
    _record_number: 17805
    _uuid: 3f57831b-3c94-4ca9-863b-594a81f51b20
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.004
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3f57831b-3c94-4ca9-863b-594a81f51b20.yaml
  identifier: 3f57831b-3c94-4ca9-863b-594a81f51b20
  uri: /reference/3f57831b-3c94-4ca9-863b-594a81f51b20
- attrs:
    Author: 'Blanco-Canqui, Humberto; Shaver, Tim M.; Lindquist, John L.; Shapiro, Charles A.; Elmore, Roger W.; Francis, Charles A.; Hergert, Gary W.'
    DOI: 10.2134/agronj15.0086
    Issue: 6
    Journal: Agronomy Journal
    Language: English
    Pages: 2449-2474
    Title: 'Cover crops and ecosystem services: Insights from studies in temperate soils'
    Volume: 107
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 23505
    _uuid: 3f959f26-3b66-4479-a100-1e788a0868b0
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.2134/agronj15.0086
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3f959f26-3b66-4479-a100-1e788a0868b0.yaml
  identifier: 3f959f26-3b66-4479-a100-1e788a0868b0
  uri: /reference/3f959f26-3b66-4479-a100-1e788a0868b0
- attrs:
    Author: 'Ruisi, Paolo; Saia, Sergio; Badagliacca, Giuseppe; Amato, Gaetano; Frenda, Alfonso Salvatore; Giambalvo, Dario; Di Miceli, Giuseppe'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2016.02.009
    Date: 2016/03/15/
    ISSN: 0378-4290
    Journal: Field Crops Research
    Keywords: No tillage; Conventional tillage; NUE; NUpE; NUtE; N-fertilizer recovery; Mediterranean environment
    Pages: 51-58
    Title: 'Long-term effects of no tillage treatment on soil N availability, N uptake, and 15N-fertilizer recovery of durum wheat differ in relation to crop sequence'
    Volume: 189
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 25537
    _uuid: 3fad3c04-c072-4c06-a0d8-08d29887cbc2
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.02.009
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3fad3c04-c072-4c06-a0d8-08d29887cbc2.yaml
  identifier: 3fad3c04-c072-4c06-a0d8-08d29887cbc2
  uri: /reference/3fad3c04-c072-4c06-a0d8-08d29887cbc2
- attrs:
    Author: 'Li, Xiaojie; Kang, Shaozhong; Zhang, Xiaotao; Li, Fusheng; Lu, Hongna'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2017.09.017
    Date: 2018/01/01/
    ISSN: 0378-3774
    Journal: Agricultural Water Management
    Keywords: CO concentration; Deficit irrigation; Photosynthesis; Growth; Yield; Water productivity
    Pages: 71-83
    Title: Deficit irrigation provokes more pronounced responses of maize photosynthesis and water productivity to elevated CO2
    Volume: 195
    Year: 2018
    _record_number: 25551
    _uuid: 3ffa3a19-6cc5-412d-a407-4db20a1d9a22
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.09.017
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3ffa3a19-6cc5-412d-a407-4db20a1d9a22.yaml
  identifier: 3ffa3a19-6cc5-412d-a407-4db20a1d9a22
  uri: /reference/3ffa3a19-6cc5-412d-a407-4db20a1d9a22
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'TRIP,'
    Institution: TRIP
    Pages: 43
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Title: "Rural Connections: Challenges and Opportunities in America's Heartland"
    URL: http://www.tripnet.org/docs/Rural_Roads_TRIP_Report_May_2015.pdf
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 23641
    _uuid: 40fd4927-7950-49c8-b022-31a8fbafa9d4
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/rural-connections-challenges-opportunities-americas-heartland
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/40fd4927-7950-49c8-b022-31a8fbafa9d4.yaml
  identifier: 40fd4927-7950-49c8-b022-31a8fbafa9d4
  uri: /reference/40fd4927-7950-49c8-b022-31a8fbafa9d4
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Bracmort, Kelsi'
    Institution: Congressional Research Service
    Pages: 9
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Report Number: CRS R40186
    Title: 'Biochar: Examination of an Emerging Concept to Mitigate Climate Change'
    URL: https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40186.pdf
    Year: 2010
    _record_number: 25585
    _uuid: 415277c4-19d9-49a7-baed-31fa130e3617
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/biochar-examination-an-emerging-concept-mitigate-climate-change
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/415277c4-19d9-49a7-baed-31fa130e3617.yaml
  identifier: 415277c4-19d9-49a7-baed-31fa130e3617
  uri: /reference/415277c4-19d9-49a7-baed-31fa130e3617
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Altieri, Andrew H.; Gedan, Keryn B.'
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12754
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Global Change Biology
    Keywords: dissolved oxygen; ecosystem function; estuaries; eutrophication; hypoxia; ocean acidification; sea-level rise; temperature
    Pages: 1395-1406
    Title: Climate change and dead zones
    Volume: 21
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 20004
    _uuid: 430ab97c-0236-4d1e-8291-f3a2c1bce65a
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1111/gcb.12754
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/430ab97c-0236-4d1e-8291-f3a2c1bce65a.yaml
  identifier: 430ab97c-0236-4d1e-8291-f3a2c1bce65a
  uri: /reference/430ab97c-0236-4d1e-8291-f3a2c1bce65a
- attrs:
    Author: 'Dash, Soumya; Chakravarty, A. K.; Singh, Avtar; Upadhyay, Arpan; Singh, Manvendra; Yousuf Saleem'
    DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.235-244
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Veterinary World
    Pages: 235-244
    Title: 'Effect of heat stress on reproductive performances of dairy cattle and buffaloes: A review'
    Volume: 9
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 23513
    _uuid: 472c5e85-8a7d-47ed-bb31-5eb6ca7e3740
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.14202/vetworld.2016.235-244
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/472c5e85-8a7d-47ed-bb31-5eb6ca7e3740.yaml
  identifier: 472c5e85-8a7d-47ed-bb31-5eb6ca7e3740
  uri: /reference/472c5e85-8a7d-47ed-bb31-5eb6ca7e3740
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'How drought may change in the future are of great concern as global warming continues. In Part I of this study, we examine the uncertainties in estimating recent drought changes. Substantial uncertainties arise in the calculated Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) with Penman-Monteith potential evapotranspiraiton (PDSI_pm) due to different choices of forcing data (especially for precipitation, solar radiation and wind speed) and the calibration period. After detailed analyses, we recommend using the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) or the Global Precipitation Climatology (GPCP) datasets over other existing land precipitation products due to poor data coverage in the other datasets since the 1990s. We also recommend not to include the years after 1980 in the PDSI calibration period to avoid including the anthropogenic climate change as part of the natural variability used for calibration. Consistent with reported declines in pan evaporation, our calculated potential evapotranspiration (PET) shows negative or small trends since 1950 over the United States, China, and other regions, and no global PET trends from 1950 to 1990. Updated precipitation and streamflow data and the self-calibrated PDSI_pm all show consistent drying during 1950–2012 over most Africa, East and South Asia, southern Europe, eastern Australia, and many parts of the Americas. While these regional drying trends resulted primarily from precipitation changes related to multi-decadal oscillations in Pacific sea surface temperatures, rapid surface warming and associated increases in surface vapor pressure deficit since the 1980s have become an increasingly important cause of widespread drying over land.'
    Author: 'Dai, Aiguo; Zhao, Tianbao'
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-016-1705-2
    Date: October 01
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Climatic Change
    Pages: 519-533
    Title: 'Uncertainties in historical changes and future projections of drought. Part I: estimates of historical drought changes'
    Type of Article: journal article
    Volume: 144
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 23512
    _uuid: 476ae3ff-66e2-4cea-8e8f-6e9946356ed0
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-016-1705-2
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/476ae3ff-66e2-4cea-8e8f-6e9946356ed0.yaml
  identifier: 476ae3ff-66e2-4cea-8e8f-6e9946356ed0
  uri: /reference/476ae3ff-66e2-4cea-8e8f-6e9946356ed0
- attrs:
    Author: 'Wei, Xiaorong; Shao, Mingan; Gale, William; Li, Linhai'
    DOI: 10.1038/srep04062
    Date: 02/11/online
    Journal: Scientific Reports
    Pages: 4062
    Publisher: The Author(s)
    Title: Global pattern of soil carbon losses due to the conversion of forests to agricultural land
    Type of Article: Article
    Volume: 4
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 25532
    _uuid: 47bd7d77-45fb-4ebe-9ea6-a7b3ce8077e7
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1038/srep04062
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/47bd7d77-45fb-4ebe-9ea6-a7b3ce8077e7.yaml
  identifier: 47bd7d77-45fb-4ebe-9ea6-a7b3ce8077e7
  uri: /reference/47bd7d77-45fb-4ebe-9ea6-a7b3ce8077e7
- attrs:
    Author: 'Franzluebbers, A. J.'
    DOI: 10.1016/S0167-1987(02)00027-2
    Date: 2002/07/01/
    ISSN: 0167-1987
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Soil and Tillage Research
    Keywords: Bulk density; Conservation tillage; Macroaggregation; Mean-weight diameter; Soil organic carbon; Soil quality
    Pages: 197-205
    Title: Water infiltration and soil structure related to organic matter and its stratification with depth
    Volume: 66
    Year: 2002
    _record_number: 23520
    _uuid: 483ba799-c3e0-4852-9fc0-85cf5632efd3
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/S0167-1987(02)00027-2
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/483ba799-c3e0-4852-9fc0-85cf5632efd3.yaml
  identifier: 483ba799-c3e0-4852-9fc0-85cf5632efd3
  uri: /reference/483ba799-c3e0-4852-9fc0-85cf5632efd3
- attrs:
    Author: 'Abberton, Michael; Batley, Jacqueline; Bentley, Alison; Bryant, John; Cai, Hongwei; Cockram, James; Costa de Oliveira, Antonio; Cseke, Leland J.; Dempewolf, Hannes; De Pace, Ciro; Edwards, David; Gepts, Paul; Greenland, Andy; Hall, Anthony E.; Henry, Robert; Hori, Kiyosumi; Howe, Glenn Thomas; Hughes, Stephen; Humphreys, Mike; Lightfoot, David; Marshall, Athole; Mayes, Sean; Nguyen, Henry T.; Ogbonnaya, Francis C.; Ortiz, Rodomiro; Paterson, Andrew H.; Tuberosa, Roberto; Valliyodan, Babu; Varshney, Rajeev K.; Yano, Masahiro'
    DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12467
    ISSN: 1467-7652
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Plant Biotechnology Journal
    Keywords: climate change; food security; sustainability
    Pages: 1095-1098
    Title: 'Global agricultural intensification during climate change: A role for genomics'
    Volume: 14
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 23493
    _uuid: 490db94e-a36c-4f8c-8c6a-a006c2177aa1
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1111/pbi.12467
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/490db94e-a36c-4f8c-8c6a-a006c2177aa1.yaml
  identifier: 490db94e-a36c-4f8c-8c6a-a006c2177aa1
  uri: /reference/490db94e-a36c-4f8c-8c6a-a006c2177aa1
- attrs:
    .publisher: Copernicus Publications
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Rabalais, N. N.; Díaz, R. J.; Levin, L. A.; Turner, R. E.; Gilbert, D.; Zhang, J.'
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-7-585-2010
    ISSN: 1726-4189
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Biogeosciences
    Pages: 585-619
    Title: Dynamics and distribution of natural and human-caused hypoxia
    Volume: 7
    Year: 2010
    _record_number: 20038
    _uuid: 492b3c23-ec83-4247-8c2d-38aadea0a560
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.5194/bg-7-585-2010
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/492b3c23-ec83-4247-8c2d-38aadea0a560.yaml
  identifier: 492b3c23-ec83-4247-8c2d-38aadea0a560
  uri: /reference/492b3c23-ec83-4247-8c2d-38aadea0a560
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, higher temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and other climate change impacts have already begun to affect US agriculture and forestry, with impacts expected to become more substantial in the future. There have been numerous studies of climate change impacts on agriculture or forestry, but relatively little research examining the long-term net impacts of a stabilization scenario relative to a case with unabated climate change. We provide an analysis of the potential benefits of global climate change mitigation for US agriculture and forestry through 2100, accounting for landowner decisions regarding land use, crop mix, and management practices. The analytic approach involves a combination of climate models, a crop process model (EPIC), a dynamic vegetation model used for forests (MC1), and an economic model of the US forestry and agricultural sector (FASOM-GHG). We find substantial impacts on productivity, commodity markets, and consumer and producer welfare for the stabilization scenario relative to unabated climate change, though the magnitude and direction of impacts vary across regions and commodities. Although there is variability in welfare impacts across climate simulations, we find positive net benefits from stabilization in all cases, with cumulative impacts ranging from $32.7 billion to $54.5 billion over the period 2015–2100. Our estimates contribute to the literature on potential benefits of GHG mitigation and can help inform policy decisions weighing alternative mitigation and adaptation actions.'
    Author: 'Beach, Robert H. ; Yongxia Cai; Allison Thomson; Xuesong Zhang; Russell Jones; Bruce A. McCarl; Allison Crimmins; Jeremy Martinich; Jefferson Cole; Sara Ohrel; Benjamin DeAngelo; James McFarland; Kenneth Strzepek; Brent Boehlert'
    DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/095004
    ISSN: 1748-9326
    Issue: 9
    Journal: Environmental Research Letters
    Pages: 095004
    Title: 'Climate change impacts on US agriculture and forestry: Benefits of global climate stabilization'
    Volume: 10
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 23500
    _uuid: 49d89afb-f314-4386-8d38-213e66de8cad
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/095004
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/49d89afb-f314-4386-8d38-213e66de8cad.yaml
  identifier: 49d89afb-f314-4386-8d38-213e66de8cad
  uri: /reference/49d89afb-f314-4386-8d38-213e66de8cad
- attrs:
    Author: 'Bianchi, T. S.; DiMarco, S. F.; Cowan, J. H.; Hetland, R. D.; Chapman, P.; Day, J. W.; Allison, M. A.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.047
    Date: 2010/03/01/
    ISSN: 0048-9697
    Issue: 7
    Journal: Science of The Total Environment
    Keywords: Hypoxia; Gulf of Mexico; Management policy
    Pages: 1471-1484
    Title: 'The science of hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: A review'
    Volume: 408
    Year: 2010
    _record_number: 25583
    _uuid: 4be8c268-ffd6-41a5-88f0-71431a6dc0a0
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.047
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4be8c268-ffd6-41a5-88f0-71431a6dc0a0.yaml
  identifier: 4be8c268-ffd6-41a5-88f0-71431a6dc0a0
  uri: /reference/4be8c268-ffd6-41a5-88f0-71431a6dc0a0
- attrs:
    Author: 'Malcolm, Scott; Elizabeth Marshall; Paul Heisey; Michael Livingston'
    Issue: February
    Periodical Title: Amber Waves
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Publisher: USDA Economic Research Service
    Title: Adaptation can help U.S. crop producers confront climate change
    URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2013/february/adaptation-can-help-us-crop-producers-confront-climate-change/
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 23628
    _uuid: 4c23321e-bfed-4ea2-b451-1c73c0c5163f
    reftype: Electronic Article
  child_publication: /generic/6b404ea6-0db2-44eb-a185-45b0600e4824
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4c23321e-bfed-4ea2-b451-1c73c0c5163f.yaml
  identifier: 4c23321e-bfed-4ea2-b451-1c73c0c5163f
  uri: /reference/4c23321e-bfed-4ea2-b451-1c73c0c5163f
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Seasonal transitions from winter to spring impact a wide variety of ecological and physical systems. While the effects of early springs across North America are widely documented, changes in their frequency and likelihood under the combined influences of climate change and natural variability are poorly understood. Extremely early springs, such as March 2012, can lead to severe economical losses and agricultural damage when these are followed by hard freeze events. Here we use the new Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble project and Extended Spring Indices to simulate historical and future spring onsets across the United States and in the particular the Great Lakes region. We found a marked increase in the frequency of March 2012-like springs by midcentury in addition to an overall trend towards earlier spring onsets, which nearly doubles that of observational records. However, changes in the date of last freeze do not occur at the same rate, therefore, causing a potential increase in the threat of plant tissue damage. Although large-scale climate modes, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, have previously dominated decadal to multidecadal spring onset trends, our results indicate a decreased role in natural climate variability and hence a greater forced response by the end of the century for modulating trends. Without a major reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, our study suggests that years like 2012 in the US could become normal by mid-century.'
    Author: 'Labe, Zachary; Ault, Toby; Zurita-Milla, Raul'
    DOI: 10.1007/s00382-016-3313-2
    Date: June 01
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Issue: 11
    Journal: Climate Dynamics
    Pages: 3949-3966
    Title: Identifying anomalously early spring onsets in the CESM large ensemble project
    Type of Article: journal article
    Volume: 48
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 23401
    _uuid: 4d4ae7e2-bd4f-429c-a696-e60e0156d95f
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s00382-016-3313-2
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4d4ae7e2-bd4f-429c-a696-e60e0156d95f.yaml
  identifier: 4d4ae7e2-bd4f-429c-a696-e60e0156d95f
  uri: /reference/4d4ae7e2-bd4f-429c-a696-e60e0156d95f
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Wallander, Steven; Marcel Aillery; Daniel Hellerstein; Michael S. Hand'
    Institution: 'USDA, Eonomic Research Service'
    Pages: 68
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Series Volume: Economic Research Report ERR-148
    Title: The Role of Conservation Programs in Drought Risk Adaptation
    URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=45067
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 23646
    _uuid: 4f84b7cf-4ef4-4a89-a857-188f9dce48f5
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/role-conservation-programs-drought-risk-adaptation
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4f84b7cf-4ef4-4a89-a857-188f9dce48f5.yaml
  identifier: 4f84b7cf-4ef4-4a89-a857-188f9dce48f5
  uri: /reference/4f84b7cf-4ef4-4a89-a857-188f9dce48f5
- attrs:
    .publisher: Springer Netherlands
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Smith, Adam B.; Katz, Richard W.'
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-013-0566-5
    Date: 2013/06/01
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Natural Hazards
    Keywords: Natural disasters; Losses; Statistics of extreme events; Data sources
    Language: English
    Pages: 387-410
    Title: 'US billion-dollar weather and climate disasters: Data sources, trends, accuracy and biases'
    Volume: 67
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 19063
    _uuid: 4fe32146-a968-4dde-8a2b-df2aa2eabdd4
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s11069-013-0566-5
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4fe32146-a968-4dde-8a2b-df2aa2eabdd4.yaml
  identifier: 4fe32146-a968-4dde-8a2b-df2aa2eabdd4
  uri: /reference/4fe32146-a968-4dde-8a2b-df2aa2eabdd4
- attrs:
    Author: 'Brown, Joel R.; Herrick, Jeffrey E.'
    DOI: 10.2489/jswc.71.3.55A
    Date: 'May 1, 2016'
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
    Pages: 55A-60A
    Title: Making soil health a part of rangeland management
    Volume: 71
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 23506
    _uuid: 50f5fa01-b559-4c5b-a9b1-4ab35d132a64
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.2489/jswc.71.3.55A
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/50f5fa01-b559-4c5b-a9b1-4ab35d132a64.yaml
  identifier: 50f5fa01-b559-4c5b-a9b1-4ab35d132a64
  uri: /reference/50f5fa01-b559-4c5b-a9b1-4ab35d132a64
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Hatfield, Jerry; Christopher Swanston; Maria Janowiak ; Rachel F. Steele; Jon Hempel; Juliet Bochicchio; Wendy Hall; Marlene Cole; Sharon Hestvik; John Whitaker'
    Institution: U.S. Department of Agriculture
    Pages: 55
    Series Editor: Terry Anderson
    Title: 'USDA Midwest and Northern Forests Regional Climate Hub: Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies'
    URL: https://www.climatehubs.oce.usda.gov/content/usda-midwest-and-northern-forests-regional-climate-hub-assessment-climate-change
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 23616
    _uuid: 522099e6-74b9-4e20-9b34-c2cba812d955
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/usda-midwest-northern-forests-regional-climate-hub-assessment-climate-change-vulnerability-adaptation-mitigation-strategies
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/522099e6-74b9-4e20-9b34-c2cba812d955.yaml
  identifier: 522099e6-74b9-4e20-9b34-c2cba812d955
  uri: /reference/522099e6-74b9-4e20-9b34-c2cba812d955
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'The management of livestock breeds and threatened natural population share common challenges, including small effective population sizes, high risk of inbreeding, and the potential benefits and costs associated with mixing disparate gene pools. Here we consider what has been learnt about these issues, the ways in which the knowledge gained from one area might be applied to the other, and the potential of genomics to provide new insights. Although there are key differences stemming from the importance of artificial versus natural selection and the decreased level of environmental heterogeneity experienced by many livestock populations, we suspect that information from genetic rescue in natural populations could be usefully applied to livestock. This includes an increased emphasis on maintaining substantial population sizes at the expense of genetic uniqueness in ensuring future adaptability, and on emphasizing the way that environmental changes can influence the relative fitness of deleterious alleles and genotypes in small populations. We also suspect that information gained from cross-breeding and the maintenance of unique breeds will be increasingly important for the preservation of genetic variation in small natural populations. In particular, selected genes identified in domestic populations provide genetic markers for exploring adaptive evolution in threatened natural populations. Genomic technologies in the two disciplines will be important in the future in realizing genetic gains in livestock and maximizing adaptive capacity in wildlife, and particularly in understanding how parts of the genome may respond differently when exposed to population processes and selection.'
    Author: 'Kristensen, Torsten N.; Hoffmann, Ary A.; Pertoldi, Cino; Stronen, Astrid V.'
    Author Address: 'Torsten N. Kristensen,Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University,Aalborg, Denmark,tnk@bio.aau.dk'
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00038
    Date: 2015-February-10
    ISSN: 1664-8021
    Issue: 38
    Journal: Frontiers in Genetics
    Keywords: 'effective population size,Inbreeding,Indigenous breeds,Genetic rescue,Genomics,selection'
    Language: English
    Short Title: Livestock breeding and conservation genetics
    Title: What can livestock breeders learn from conservation genetics and vice versa?
    Type of Article: Review
    Volume: 6
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 23550
    _uuid: 523e9ade-39f5-47f1-b89a-d2cde90af945
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.3389/fgene.2015.00038
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/523e9ade-39f5-47f1-b89a-d2cde90af945.yaml
  identifier: 523e9ade-39f5-47f1-b89a-d2cde90af945
  uri: /reference/523e9ade-39f5-47f1-b89a-d2cde90af945
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Moran, Tara; Cravens, Amanda'
    Institution: Stanford University Water in the West
    Pages: 30
    Place Published: 'Stanford, CA'
    Title: 'California’s Sustainable Groundwater Management Act of 2014: Recommendations for Preventing and Resolving Groundwater Conflicts'
    URL: http://waterinthewest.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/SGMA_RecommendationsforGWConflicts_2.pdf
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 25593
    _uuid: 52759313-cbc2-417d-9cfc-53500eb938fc
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/californias-sustainable-groundwater-management-act-2014-recommendations-preventing-resolving-groundwater-conflicts
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/52759313-cbc2-417d-9cfc-53500eb938fc.yaml
  identifier: 52759313-cbc2-417d-9cfc-53500eb938fc
  uri: /reference/52759313-cbc2-417d-9cfc-53500eb938fc
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'The probability that summer temperatures in the future will exceed the hottest on record during 1920–2014 is projected to increase at all land locations with global warming. Within the BRACE project framework we investigate the sensitivity of this projected change in probability to the choice of emissions scenario using two large ensembles of simulations with the Community Earth System Model. The large ensemble size allows for a robust assessment of the probability of record-breaking temperatures. Globally, the probability that any summer during the period 2061–2081 will be warmer than the hottest on record is 80 % for RCP 8.5 and 41 % for RCP 4.5. Hence, mitigation can reduce the risk of record-breaking temperatures by 39 %. The potential for risk reduction is greatest for some of the most populated regions of the globe. In Europe, for example, a potential risk reduction of over 50 % is projected. Model biases and future changes in temperature variance have only minor effects on the results, as their contribution stays well below 10 % for almost all locations.'
    Author: 'Lehner, Flavio; Deser, Clara; Sanderson, Benjamin M.'
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-016-1616-2
    Date: February 16
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Issue: 3-4
    Journal: Climatic Change
    Pages: 363-375
    Title: Future risk of record-breaking summer temperatures and its mitigation
    Type of Article: journal article
    Volume: 146
    Year: 2018
    _record_number: 23553
    _uuid: 53448a8f-22bd-4111-8212-b2204e4d4864
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-016-1616-2
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/53448a8f-22bd-4111-8212-b2204e4d4864.yaml
  identifier: 53448a8f-22bd-4111-8212-b2204e4d4864
  uri: /reference/53448a8f-22bd-4111-8212-b2204e4d4864
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Summer fires frequently rage across Mediterranean Europe, often intensified by high temperatures and droughts. According to the state-of-the-art regional fire risk projections, in forthcoming decades climate effects are expected to become stronger and possibly overcome fire prevention efforts. However, significant uncertainties exist and the direct effect of climate change in regulating fuel moisture (e.g. warmer conditions increasing fuel dryness) could be counterbalanced by the indirect effects on fuel structure (e.g. warmer conditions limiting fuel amount), affecting the transition between climate-driven and fuel-limited fire regimes as temperatures increase. Here we analyse and model the impact of coincident drought and antecedent wet conditions (proxy for the climatic factor influencing total fuel and fine fuel structure) on the summer Burned Area (BA) across all eco-regions in Mediterranean Europe. This approach allows BA to be linked to the key drivers of fire in the region. We show a statistically significant relationship between fire and same-summer droughts in most regions, while antecedent climate conditions play a relatively minor role, except in few specific eco-regions. The presented models for individual eco-regions provide insights on the impacts of climate variability on BA, and appear to be promising for developing a seasonal forecast system supporting fire management strategies.'
    Author: 'Turco, Marco; von Hardenberg, Jost; AghaKouchak, Amir; Llasat, Maria Carmen; Provenzale, Antonello; Trigo, Ricardo M.'
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00116-9
    Date: 2017/03/06
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Scientific Reports
    Pages: 81
    Title: On the key role of droughts in the dynamics of summer fires in Mediterranean Europe
    Volume: 7
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 23586
    _uuid: 5425c454-7ae0-4546-8c7d-abb7d9678ba3
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1038/s41598-017-00116-9
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5425c454-7ae0-4546-8c7d-abb7d9678ba3.yaml
  identifier: 5425c454-7ae0-4546-8c7d-abb7d9678ba3
  uri: /reference/5425c454-7ae0-4546-8c7d-abb7d9678ba3
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'USDA Forest Service,; DOI Office of Wildland Fire,'
    Institution: Booz Allen Hamilton
    Pages: 79
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Title: '2014 Quadrennial Fire Review: Final Report'
    URL: https://www.forestsandrangelands.gov/documents/qfr/2014QFRFinalReport.pdf
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 26124
    _uuid: 57258287-f6f5-4e6e-802b-19f62441ebea
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/2014-quadrennial-fire-review-final-report
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/57258287-f6f5-4e6e-802b-19f62441ebea.yaml
  identifier: 57258287-f6f5-4e6e-802b-19f62441ebea
  uri: /reference/57258287-f6f5-4e6e-802b-19f62441ebea
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'In the United States, climate change is likely to increase average daily temperatures and the frequency of heat waves, which can reduce meat and milk production in animals. Methods that livestock producers use to mitigate thermal stress—including modifications to animal management or housing—tend to increase production costs. We use operation-level economic data coupled with finely-scaled climate data to estimate how the local thermal environment affects the technical efficiency of dairies across the United States. We then use this information to estimate the possible decline in milk production in 2030 resulting from climate change-induced heat stress under the simplifying assumptions that the production technology, location of production, and other factors are held constant. For four climate model scenarios, the results indicate modest heat-stress-related production declines by 2030, with the largest declines occurring in the southern states.'
    Author: 'Key, Nigel; Sneeringer, Stacy'
    DOI: 10.1093/ajae/aau002
    ISSN: 0002-9092
    Issue: 4
    Journal: American Journal of Agricultural Economics
    Notes: 10.1093/ajae/aau002
    Pages: 1136-1156
    Title: Potential effects of climate change on the productivity of U.S. dairies
    Volume: 96
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 23547
    _uuid: 58255e99-079b-4fe7-a8cb-72a77e348daf
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1093/ajae/aau002
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/58255e99-079b-4fe7-a8cb-72a77e348daf.yaml
  identifier: 58255e99-079b-4fe7-a8cb-72a77e348daf
  uri: /reference/58255e99-079b-4fe7-a8cb-72a77e348daf
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'ERS,'
    Institution: USDA Economic Research Service (ERS)
    Pages: 6
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Series Volume: Economic Information Bulletin 171
    Title: 'Rural Education At A Glance, 2017 Edition'
    URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/83078/eib-171.pdf?v=42830
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 23606
    _uuid: 5a980b1c-524c-4a24-9c35-55974a05a0df
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/rural-education-at-glance-2017-edition
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5a980b1c-524c-4a24-9c35-55974a05a0df.yaml
  identifier: 5a980b1c-524c-4a24-9c35-55974a05a0df
  uri: /reference/5a980b1c-524c-4a24-9c35-55974a05a0df
- attrs:
    Author: 'Young, Stephen L.'
    DOI: 10.1002/bes2.1315
    ISSN: 2327-6096
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America
    Pages: 165-172
    Title: 'As climate shifts, so do pests: A national forum and assessment'
    Volume: 98
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 23592
    _uuid: 5aeba9d1-c405-45a2-b259-bd95dcf17a05
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1002/bes2.1315
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5aeba9d1-c405-45a2-b259-bd95dcf17a05.yaml
  identifier: 5aeba9d1-c405-45a2-b259-bd95dcf17a05
  uri: /reference/5aeba9d1-c405-45a2-b259-bd95dcf17a05
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: "Malcolm, Scott\rMarshall, Elizabeth\rAillery, Marcel\rHeisey, Paul\rLivingston, Michael\rDay-Rubenstein, Kelly "
    DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2112045
    Date: June 2012
    Institution: U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service
    Place Published: 'Washington, D.C.'
    Title: 'Agricultural Adaptation to a Changing Climate: Economic and Environmental Implications Vary by U.S. Region. USDA-ERS Economic Research Report 136'
    URL: http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/err-economic-research-report/err136.aspx#.Uup1IHddVlw
    Year: 2012
    _chapter: '["Ch. 6: Agriculture FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 1861
    _uuid: 5b49a288-92b6-4a89-85d3-8170c42a2a68
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/ers-economicresreport-136
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5b49a288-92b6-4a89-85d3-8170c42a2a68.yaml
  identifier: 5b49a288-92b6-4a89-85d3-8170c42a2a68
  uri: /reference/5b49a288-92b6-4a89-85d3-8170c42a2a68
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Climate variability and trends affect global crop yields and are characterized as highly dependent on location, crop type, and irrigation. U.S. Great Plains, due to its significance in national food production, evident climate variability, and extensive irrigation is an ideal region of investigation for climate impacts on food production. This paper evaluates climate impacts on maize, sorghum, and soybean yields and effect of irrigation for individual counties in this region by employing extensive crop yield and climate datasets from 1968–2013. Variability in crop yields was a quarter of the regional average yields, with a quarter of this variability explained by climate variability, and temperature and precipitation explained these in singularity or combination at different locations. Observed temperature trend was beneficial for maize yields, but detrimental for sorghum and soybean yields, whereas observed precipitation trend was beneficial for all three crops. Irrigated yields demonstrated increased robustness and an effective mitigation strategy against climate impacts than their non-irrigated counterparts by a considerable fraction. The information, data, and maps provided can serve as an assessment guide for planners, managers, and policy- and decision makers to prioritize agricultural resilience efforts and resource allocation or re-allocation in the regions that exhibit risk from climate variability.'
    Author: 'Kukal, Meetpal S.; Irmak, Suat'
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21848-2
    Date: 2018/02/22
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Scientific Reports
    Pages: 3450
    Title: Climate-driven crop yield and yield variability and climate change impacts on the U.S. Great Plains agricultural production
    Volume: 8
    Year: 2018
    _record_number: 25552
    _uuid: 5cbf6744-fd90-4afb-8ba4-90979ee029ce
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1038/s41598-018-21848-2
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5cbf6744-fd90-4afb-8ba4-90979ee029ce.yaml
  identifier: 5cbf6744-fd90-4afb-8ba4-90979ee029ce
  uri: /reference/5cbf6744-fd90-4afb-8ba4-90979ee029ce
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and big bluestem (Andropogon gerdardii Vitman) are potential bioenergy feedstocks. Perennial grasses managed as bioenergy feedstock require nitrogenous inputs, which can cause N2O emission and, thereby, alter their effectiveness to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Few studies have measured N2O emission from perennial grasses managed as feedstock. The objectives of this study were to compare N2O flux and soil organic C (SOC) storage between (i) grasses with legume companion crops or with nitrogenous fertilizer, (ii) two grass harvest times (autumn and spring), and (iii) perennial systems and corn (Zea maize L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (C–S) rotation, all without tillage. Nitrous oxide flux was measured from May 2009 to May 2012, and SOC was measured in 2000, 2006, and 2011. Big bluestem–clover (Dalea) and switchgrass–clover treatments had dramatically reduced annual N2O emissions and yield-scaled emissions compared with the respective grasses with urea fertilizer. Cumulative N2O emission was 14 to 40% greater in the big bluestem-spring and switchgrass-spring treatments compared with respective autumn-harvested treatments. The average cumulative emission in fertilized big bluestem and switchgrass treatments (18.5 kg N2O-N ha-1) exceeded that of the C–S rotation (12.7 kg N2O-N ha-1). The emission factor (EF) for fertilized grasses averaged 2.5%, corn averaged 1.05%, and C–S rotation averaged 1.9%. The SOC storage by perennial grasses was limited to 0 to 5 cm and thus may not be adequate to offset N2O emission. Nitrogen management refinement is recommended for herbaceous perennials to optimize biomass production and minimize N2O emission.'
    Author: 'Johnson, Jane M. F.; Barbour, Nancy W.'
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2015.12.0436
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Soil Science Society of America Journal
    Language: English
    Pages: 1057-1070
    Title: Nitrous oxide emission and soil carbon sequestration from herbaceous perennial biofuel feedstocks
    Volume: 80
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 25556
    _uuid: 5d588782-6141-4367-a0ff-3874ef85b4b6
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.2136/sssaj2015.12.0436
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    Abstract: 'In examining intense precipitation over the central United States, the authors consider only days with precipitation when the daily total is above 12.7 mm and focus only on these days and multiday events constructed from such consecutive precipitation days. Analyses show that over the central United States, a statistically significant redistribution in the spectra of intense precipitation days/events during the past decades has occurred. Moderately heavy precipitation events (within a 12.7–25.4 mm day−1 range) became less frequent compared to days and events with precipitation totals above 25.4 mm. During the past 31 yr (compared to the 1948–78 period), significant increases occurred in the frequency of “very heavy” (the daily rain events above 76.2 mm) and extreme precipitation events (defined as daily and multiday rain events with totals above 154.9 mm or 6 in.), with up to 40% increases in the frequency of days and multiday extreme rain events. Tropical cyclones associated with extreme precipitation do not significantly contribute to the changes reported in this study. With time, the internal precipitation structure (e.g., mean and maximum hourly precipitation rates within each preselected range of daily or multiday event totals) did not noticeably change. Several possible causes of observed changes in intense precipitation over the central United States are discussed and/or tested.'
    Author: "Groisman, P.Y.\rKnight, R.W.\rKarl, T.R."
    DOI: 10.1175/JHM-D-11-039.1
    ISSN: 1525-755X
    Journal: Journal of Hydrometeorology
    Keywords: 'North America, ; Hydrologic cycle, ; Extreme events, ; Precipitation, ; In situ observations'
    Pages: 47-66
    Title: Changes in intense precipitation over the central United States
    URL: http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/JHM-D-11-039.1
    Volume: 13
    Year: 2012
    _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL","Ch. 3: Water Resources FINAL","Appendix 3: Climate Science FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 211
    _uuid: 5d909426-fab3-4dc8-af56-e5fe414ca97a
    reftype: Journal Article
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  uri: /reference/5d909426-fab3-4dc8-af56-e5fe414ca97a