---
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Climate Central,'
    Institution: Climate Central
    Pages: 18
    Place Published: 'Princeton, NJ'
    Title: The age of western wildfires
    URL: http://www.climatecentral.org/wgts/wildfires/Wildfires2012.pdf
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 23599
    _uuid: 018971c1-c40d-437c-bfc6-8234bf647306
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/age-western-wildfires
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/018971c1-c40d-437c-bfc6-8234bf647306.yaml
  identifier: 018971c1-c40d-437c-bfc6-8234bf647306
  uri: /reference/018971c1-c40d-437c-bfc6-8234bf647306
- attrs:
    Author: 'Issaka, Sakinatu; Ashraf, Muhammad Aqeel'
    DOI: 10.1080/24749508.2017.1301053
    Date: 2017/01/02
    ISSN: null
    Issue: 1
    Journal: 'Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes'
    Pages: 1-11
    Publisher: Taylor & Francis
    Title: 'Impact of soil erosion and degradation on water quality: A review'
    Volume: 1
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 23539
    _uuid: 01f25cb8-10ae-4e23-bd04-89319fb37a77
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1080/24749508.2017.1301053
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/01f25cb8-10ae-4e23-bd04-89319fb37a77.yaml
  identifier: 01f25cb8-10ae-4e23-bd04-89319fb37a77
  uri: /reference/01f25cb8-10ae-4e23-bd04-89319fb37a77
- attrs:
    Author: 'Kisekka, I.; Schlegel, A.; Ma, L.; Gowda, P. H.; Prasad, P. V. V.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2017.03.023
    Date: 2017/06/01/
    ISSN: 0378-3774
    Journal: Agricultural Water Management
    Keywords: Preplant irrigation; Irrigation capacity; RZWQM; DSSAT-CSM; CERES-Maize; Maize yield; Evapotranspiration; Soil water evaporation
    Pages: 154-163
    Title: Optimizing preplant irrigation for maize under limited water in the High Plains
    Volume: 187
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 23548
    _uuid: 022cecd3-5eed-41d0-a16e-d0e31891cbc8
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.03.023
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/022cecd3-5eed-41d0-a16e-d0e31891cbc8.yaml
  identifier: 022cecd3-5eed-41d0-a16e-d0e31891cbc8
  uri: /reference/022cecd3-5eed-41d0-a16e-d0e31891cbc8
- attrs:
    Author: 'Pugh, T. A. M.; Müller, C.; Elliott, J.; Deryng, D.; Folberth, C.; Olin, S.; Schmid, E.; Arneth, A.'
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12608
    Date: 09/20/online
    Journal: Nature Communications
    Pages: 12608
    Publisher: The Author(s)
    Title: Climate analogues suggest limited potential for intensification of production on current croplands under climate change
    Type of Article: Article
    Volume: 7
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 25539
    _uuid: 023f5706-b80b-4632-bf72-040f1b596d64
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1038/ncomms12608
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  identifier: 023f5706-b80b-4632-bf72-040f1b596d64
  uri: /reference/023f5706-b80b-4632-bf72-040f1b596d64
- attrs:
    Author: 'Chapman, Scott C.; Chakraborty, Sukumar; Dreccer, M. Fernanda; Howden, S. Mark'
    DOI: 10.1071/CP11303
    Date: 2012/05/28
    ISSN: 1836-0947
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Crop and Pasture Science
    Pages: 251-268
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Title: Plant adaptation to climate change—Opportunities and priorities in breeding
    Volume: 63
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 25591
    _uuid: 043bd8c5-5a21-490c-9a44-057b3585c80a
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1071/CP11303
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  identifier: 043bd8c5-5a21-490c-9a44-057b3585c80a
  uri: /reference/043bd8c5-5a21-490c-9a44-057b3585c80a
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 7
    Author: 'Varanasi, Aruna; Prasad, P. V. Vara; Jugulam, Mithila'
    Book Title: Advances in Agronomy
    DOI: 10.1016/bs.agron.2015.09.002
    Date: 2016/01/01/
    Editor: 'Sparks, Donald L.'
    ISBN: 0065-2113
    Keywords: climate change; crop–weed competition; environmental factors; greenhouse gases; herbicide efficacy; weed physiology; weed management
    Pages: 107-146
    Publisher: Academic Press
    Title: 'Ch. 3: Impact of climate change factors on weeds and herbicide efficacy'
    Volume: 135
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 23588
    _uuid: 07b45739-d642-442b-9aaf-0a5dabe9a444
    reftype: Book Section
  child_publication: /book/d0b4eb62-04b9-4c10-a4d2-640830490430
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/07b45739-d642-442b-9aaf-0a5dabe9a444.yaml
  identifier: 07b45739-d642-442b-9aaf-0a5dabe9a444
  uri: /reference/07b45739-d642-442b-9aaf-0a5dabe9a444
- attrs:
    Author: 'Grafton, R. Quentin; Williams, John; Jiang, Qiang'
    DOI: 10.1002/2016EF000506
    ISSN: 2328-4277
    Issue: 5
    Journal: Earth's Future
    Keywords: food security; water security; irrigated agriculture; rain-fed agriculture; APSIM; TFP; 0402 Agricultural systems; 1842 Irrigation
    Pages: 449-462
    Publisher: 'Wiley Periodicals, Inc.'
    Title: Possible pathways and tensions in the food and water nexus
    Volume: 5
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 23524
    _uuid: 0af9dc99-e4da-4bed-86a8-027a19272e6d
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1002/2016EF000506
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0af9dc99-e4da-4bed-86a8-027a19272e6d.yaml
  identifier: 0af9dc99-e4da-4bed-86a8-027a19272e6d
  uri: /reference/0af9dc99-e4da-4bed-86a8-027a19272e6d
- attrs:
    Author: 'Testa, Jeremy M.; Li, Yun; Lee, Younjoo J.; Li, Ming; Brady, Damian C.; Di Toro, Dominic M.; Kemp, W. Michael; Fitzpatrick, James J.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.05.018
    Date: 2014/11/01/
    ISSN: 0924-7963
    Journal: Journal of Marine Systems
    Keywords: Oxygen; Modeling; ROMS; Chesapeake Bay; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Carbon
    Pages: 139-158
    Title: Quantifying the effects of nutrient loading on dissolved O2 cycling and hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay using a coupled hydrodynamic–biogeochemical model
    Volume: 139
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 23584
    _uuid: 0b1666f4-fc2a-4a58-a0d4-4adbf0592c6f
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.05.018
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0b1666f4-fc2a-4a58-a0d4-4adbf0592c6f.yaml
  identifier: 0b1666f4-fc2a-4a58-a0d4-4adbf0592c6f
  uri: /reference/0b1666f4-fc2a-4a58-a0d4-4adbf0592c6f
- attrs:
    Author: 'Chavez, Erik; Conway, Gordon; Ghil, Michael; Sadler, Marc'
    DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2747
    Date: 08/03/online
    Journal: Nature Climate Change
    Pages: 997-1001
    Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
    Title: An end-to-end assessment of extreme weather impacts on food security
    Volume: 5
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 23509
    _uuid: 0c472f1b-25ac-44c2-a3a5-a04ba7567fdd
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1038/nclimate2747
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  identifier: 0c472f1b-25ac-44c2-a3a5-a04ba7567fdd
  uri: /reference/0c472f1b-25ac-44c2-a3a5-a04ba7567fdd
- attrs:
    Author: 'Karlen, D.L.; Beeler, L.W.; Ong, R.G.; Dale, B.E.'
    DOI: 10.2489/jswc.70.5.279
    Date: 'September 1, 2015'
    Issue: 5
    Journal: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
    Pages: 279-287
    Title: 'Balancing energy, conservation, and soil health requirements for plant biomass'
    Volume: 70
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 25553
    _uuid: 0e331025-3bc0-44b9-896d-9359f007f65d
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.2489/jswc.70.5.279
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0e331025-3bc0-44b9-896d-9359f007f65d.yaml
  identifier: 0e331025-3bc0-44b9-896d-9359f007f65d
  uri: /reference/0e331025-3bc0-44b9-896d-9359f007f65d
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Accession Number: WOS:000262387000004
    Author: "Pryor, S. C.\rHowe, J. A.\rKunkel, K. E."
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.1696
    ISSN: 0899-8418
    Issue: 1
    Journal: International Journal of Climatology
    Pages: 31-45
    Title: How spatially coherent and statistically robust are temporal changes in extreme precipitation in the contiguous USA?
    URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/joc.1696/pdf
    Volume: 29
    Year: 2009
    _chapter: '["Ch. 18: Midwest FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 2550
    _uuid: 0e896a8a-644b-4926-8fc9-9b9adbea31a9
    reftype: Journal Article
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  identifier: 0e896a8a-644b-4926-8fc9-9b9adbea31a9
  uri: /reference/0e896a8a-644b-4926-8fc9-9b9adbea31a9
- attrs:
    Author: 'Lee, M. A.; Davis, A. P.; Chagunda, M. G. G.; Manning, P.'
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-14-1403-2017
    ISSN: 1726-4189
    Issue: 6
    Journal: Biogeosciences
    Notes: BG
    Pages: 1403-1417
    Publisher: Copernicus Publications
    Title: 'Forage quality declines with rising temperatures, with implications for livestock production and methane emissions'
    Volume: 14
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 23552
    _uuid: 0ebe377d-8209-4950-ac0d-77130d2cade1
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.5194/bg-14-1403-2017
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0ebe377d-8209-4950-ac0d-77130d2cade1.yaml
  identifier: 0ebe377d-8209-4950-ac0d-77130d2cade1
  uri: /reference/0ebe377d-8209-4950-ac0d-77130d2cade1
- attrs:
    Author: 'De Rensis, F.; Garcia-Ispierto, I.; López-Gatius, F.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.04.021
    Date: 2015/09/15/
    ISSN: 0093-691X
    Issue: 5
    Journal: Theriogenology
    Keywords: Bovine; Estrus; Pregnancy; Breeding protocol
    Pages: 659-666
    Title: 'Seasonal heat stress: Clinical implications and hormone treatments for the fertility of dairy cows'
    Volume: 84
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 23572
    _uuid: 0f04faf6-8a39-4590-9f04-21483152ceac
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.04.021
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  identifier: 0f04faf6-8a39-4590-9f04-21483152ceac
  uri: /reference/0f04faf6-8a39-4590-9f04-21483152ceac
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Gallopin, Gilberto C.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.02.004
    ISSN: 1872-9495
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Global Environmental Change
    Pages: 293-303
    Title: 'Linkages between vulnerability, resilience, and adaptive capacity'
    Volume: 16
    Year: 2006
    _record_number: 19142
    _uuid: 0f32b8dc-52dd-459f-8c7d-c5d84b75793f
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.02.004
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0f32b8dc-52dd-459f-8c7d-c5d84b75793f.yaml
  identifier: 0f32b8dc-52dd-459f-8c7d-c5d84b75793f
  uri: /reference/0f32b8dc-52dd-459f-8c7d-c5d84b75793f
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'RMA,'
    Institution: USDA Risk Management Agency
    Pages: 58
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Title: 'The Risk Management Agency Safety Net: Market Penetration and Market Potential'
    URL: https://www.rma.usda.gov/pubs/2017/portfolio/portfolio.pdf
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 25596
    _uuid: 0f9f943e-a80f-4d7f-a023-ac88ab98cf92
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/risk-management-agency-safety-net-market-penetration-market-potential
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0f9f943e-a80f-4d7f-a023-ac88ab98cf92.yaml
  identifier: 0f9f943e-a80f-4d7f-a023-ac88ab98cf92
  uri: /reference/0f9f943e-a80f-4d7f-a023-ac88ab98cf92
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: USDA
    Pages: 695
    Place Published: 'Washington, D.C.'
    Publisher: 'U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service'
    Title: 2012 Census of Agriculture
    URL: http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2012/#full_report
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 19333
    _uuid: 1002d699-e8a9-4572-aec0-16524400e7a5
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/2012-census-agriculture
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1002d699-e8a9-4572-aec0-16524400e7a5.yaml
  identifier: 1002d699-e8a9-4572-aec0-16524400e7a5
  uri: /reference/1002d699-e8a9-4572-aec0-16524400e7a5
- attrs:
    Author: 'Smith, Douglas R.; King, Kevin W.; Williams, Mark R.'
    DOI: 10.2489/jswc.70.2.27A
    Date: 'March 1, 2015'
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
    Pages: 27A-29A
    Title: What is causing the harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie?
    Volume: 70
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 23579
    _uuid: 110c4396-56c5-45b7-8000-4fbfe177bf6c
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.2489/jswc.70.2.27A
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/110c4396-56c5-45b7-8000-4fbfe177bf6c.yaml
  identifier: 110c4396-56c5-45b7-8000-4fbfe177bf6c
  uri: /reference/110c4396-56c5-45b7-8000-4fbfe177bf6c
- attrs:
    Author: 'Cowley, F. C.; Barber, D. G.; Houlihan, A. V.; Poppi, D. P.'
    DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8442
    Date: 2015/04/01/
    ISSN: 0022-0302
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Journal of Dairy Science
    Keywords: heat stress; milk protein; restricted intake; casein
    Pages: 2356-2368
    Title: Immediate and residual effects of heat stress and restricted intake on milk protein and casein composition and energy metabolism
    Volume: 98
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 23510
    _uuid: 122996cd-37b2-437a-985e-7f5b30f43657
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.3168/jds.2014-8442
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/122996cd-37b2-437a-985e-7f5b30f43657.yaml
  identifier: 122996cd-37b2-437a-985e-7f5b30f43657
  uri: /reference/122996cd-37b2-437a-985e-7f5b30f43657
- attrs:
    Author: 'Rudnick, Daran; Suat Irmak; Richard Ferguson; Tim Shaver; Koffi Djaman; Glen Slater; Aaron Bereuter; Nicholas Ward; Dennis Francis; Marty Schmer; Brian Wienhold; Simon Van Donk'
    DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001023
    Issue: 6
    Journal: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
    Pages: 04016017
    Title: 'Economic return versus crop water productivity of maize for various nitrogen rates under full irrigation, limited irrigation, and rainfed settings in south central Nebraska'
    Volume: 142
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 25536
    _uuid: 136e7ef7-ddff-4081-91ab-e6596545a248
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001023
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/136e7ef7-ddff-4081-91ab-e6596545a248.yaml
  identifier: 136e7ef7-ddff-4081-91ab-e6596545a248
  uri: /reference/136e7ef7-ddff-4081-91ab-e6596545a248
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Keller Jensen, Jennifer'
    Institution: Rural Policy Research Institute
    Pages: 13
    Place Published: 'Iowa City, IA'
    Title: Climate Change and Rural Communities in the US. Draft Briefing Paper
    URL: http://www.rupri.org/Forms/Climate_Change_Brief.pdf
    Year: 2009
    _record_number: 23621
    _uuid: 1485661f-3f4a-47f2-9a76-0d0923ccce9b
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/climate-change-rural-communities-us-draft-briefing-paper
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1485661f-3f4a-47f2-9a76-0d0923ccce9b.yaml
  identifier: 1485661f-3f4a-47f2-9a76-0d0923ccce9b
  uri: /reference/1485661f-3f4a-47f2-9a76-0d0923ccce9b
- attrs:
    Author: 'Urdaz, J. H.; Overton, M. W.; Moore, D. A.; Santos, J. E. P.'
    DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72267-6
    ISSN: 0022-0302
    Issue: 6
    Journal: Journal of Dairy Science
    Pages: 2000-2006
    Publisher: Elsevier
    Title: 'Technical note: Effects of adding shade and fans to a feedbunk sprinkler system for preparturient cows on health and performance'
    Volume: 89
    Year: 2006
    _record_number: 23587
    _uuid: 14f32e7f-14a5-4d5c-a79b-7410aab5407b
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72267-6
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/14f32e7f-14a5-4d5c-a79b-7410aab5407b.yaml
  identifier: 14f32e7f-14a5-4d5c-a79b-7410aab5407b
  uri: /reference/14f32e7f-14a5-4d5c-a79b-7410aab5407b
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'NIFC,'
    Institution: National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC)
    Pages: 1
    Place Published: 'Boise, ID'
    Title: 'Historical Wildland Fire Information: Suppression Costs (1985-2016)'
    URL: https://www.nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_documents/SuppCosts.pdf
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 23632
    _uuid: 150f5c9e-cadd-4d87-a72f-de4bdd823572
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/historical-wildland-fire-information-suppression-costs-1985-2016
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/150f5c9e-cadd-4d87-a72f-de4bdd823572.yaml
  identifier: 150f5c9e-cadd-4d87-a72f-de4bdd823572
  uri: /reference/150f5c9e-cadd-4d87-a72f-de4bdd823572
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Established as a multipurpose network, the Oklahoma Mesonet operates more than 110 surface observing stations that send data every 5 min to an operations center for data quality assurance, product generation, and dissemination. Quality-assured data are available within 5 min of the observation time. Since 1994, the Oklahoma Mesonet has collected 3.5 billion weather and soil observations and produced millions of decision-making products for its customers.'
    Author: 'McPherson, Renee A.; Christopher A. Fiebrich; Kenneth C. Crawford; James R. Kilby; David L. Grimsley; Janet E. Martinez; Jeffrey B. Basara; Bradley G. Illston; Dale A. Morris; Kevin A. Kloesel; Andrea D. Melvin; Himanshu Shrivastava; J. Michael Wolfinbarger; Jared P. Bostic; David B. Demko; Ronald L. Elliott; Stephen J. Stadler; J. D. Carlson; Albert J. Sutherland'
    DOI: 10.1175/jtech1976.1
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology
    Keywords: 'Quality assurance/control,Surface observations,Automatic weather station,Instrumentation,Mesoscale processes'
    Pages: 301-321
    Title: 'Statewide monitoring of the mesoscale environment: A technical update on the Oklahoma Mesonet'
    Volume: 24
    Year: 2007
    _record_number: 23561
    _uuid: 1629d03d-2e4a-48a5-b8df-bac72a254e92
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1175/jtech1976.1
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1629d03d-2e4a-48a5-b8df-bac72a254e92.yaml
  identifier: 1629d03d-2e4a-48a5-b8df-bac72a254e92
  uri: /reference/1629d03d-2e4a-48a5-b8df-bac72a254e92
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Crop residues are potentially significant sources of feedstock for biofuel production in the United States. However, there are concerns with maintaining the environmental functions of these residues while also serving as a feedstock for biofuel production. Maintaining soil organic carbon (SOC) along with its functional benefits is considered a greater constraint than maintaining soil erosion losses to an acceptable level. We used the biogeochemical model DayCent to evaluate the effect of residue removal, corn stover, and wheat and barley straw in three diverse locations in the USA. We evaluated residue removal with and without N replacement, along with application of a high‐lignin fermentation byproduct (HLFB), the residue by‐product comprised of lignin and small quantities of nutrients from cellulosic ethanol production. SOC always decreased with residue harvest, but the decrease was greater in colder climates when expressed on a life cycle basis. The effect of residue harvest on soil N2O emissions varied with N addition and climate. With N addition, N2O emissions always increased, but the increase was greater in colder climates. Without N addition, N2O emissions increased in Iowa, but decreased in Maryland and North Carolina with crop residue harvest. Although SOC was lower with residue harvest when HLFB was used for power production instead of being applied to land, the avoidance of fossil fuel emissions to the atmosphere by utilizing the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions of crop residue to produce ethanol (offsets) reduced the overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions because most of this residue carbon would normally be lost during microbial respiration. Losses of SOC and reduced N mineralization could both be mitigated with the application of HLFB to the land. Therefore, by returning the high‐lignin fraction of crop residue to the land after production of ethanol at the biorefinery, soil carbon levels could be maintained along with the functional benefit of increased mineralized N, and more GHG emissions could be offset compared to leaving the crop residues on the land.'
    Author: 'Adler, Paul R.; Mitchell, James G.; Pourhashem, Ghasideh; Spatari, Sabrina; Del Grosso, Stephen J.; Parton, William J.'
    DOI: 10.1890/13-1694.1
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Ecological Applications
    Pages: 1142-1156
    Title: Integrating biorefinery and farm biogeochemical cycles offsets fossil energy and mitigates soil carbon losses
    Volume: 25
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 25578
    _uuid: 1686ba21-d1e8-49c6-8968-e6df3210e10f
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1890/13-1694.1
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1686ba21-d1e8-49c6-8968-e6df3210e10f.yaml
  identifier: 1686ba21-d1e8-49c6-8968-e6df3210e10f
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- attrs:
    Author: 'Yasarer, Lindsey M. W.; Sturm, Belinda S. M.'
    DOI: 10.1080/10402381.2015.1107665
    Date: 2016/01/02
    ISSN: 1040-2381
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Lake and Reservoir Management
    Pages: 13-26
    Publisher: Taylor & Francis
    Title: Potential impacts of climate change on reservoir services and management approaches
    Volume: 32
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 23591
    _uuid: 1988cb0d-2fdb-4f1e-9ff6-5e04dfa5cec0
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1080/10402381.2015.1107665
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1988cb0d-2fdb-4f1e-9ff6-5e04dfa5cec0.yaml
  identifier: 1988cb0d-2fdb-4f1e-9ff6-5e04dfa5cec0
  uri: /reference/1988cb0d-2fdb-4f1e-9ff6-5e04dfa5cec0
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Oxygen-deficient waters are expanding globally in response to warming and coastal eutrophication. Coastal ecosystems provide valuable services to humans, but these services are severely reduced with decreasing oxygen conditions. In the Baltic Sea, oxygen-deficient waters have expanded from 5,000 to over 60,000 km2 with large decadal fluctuations over the last century, reducing the potential fish yield and favoring noxious algal blooms. This increase is due to the imbalance between oxygen supply from physical processes and oxygen demand from consumption of organic material, enhanced by nutrient inputs and temperature increases. Further nutrient reductions will be necessary to restore a healthier Baltic Sea and counteract effects from warming.Deoxygenation is a global problem in coastal and open regions of the ocean, and has led to expanding areas of oxygen minimum zones and coastal hypoxia. The recent expansion of hypoxia in coastal ecosystems has been primarily attributed to global warming and enhanced nutrient input from land and atmosphere. The largest anthropogenically induced hypoxic area in the world is the Baltic Sea, where the relative importance of physical forcing versus eutrophication is still debated. We have analyzed water column oxygen and salinity profiles to reconstruct oxygen and stratification conditions over the last 115 y and compare the influence of both climate and anthropogenic forcing on hypoxia. We report a 10-fold increase of hypoxia in the Baltic Sea and show that this is primarily linked to increased inputs of nutrients from land, although increased respiration from higher temperatures during the last two decades has contributed to worsening oxygen conditions. Although shifts in climate and physical circulation are important factors modulating the extent of hypoxia, further nutrient reductions in the Baltic Sea will be necessary to reduce the ecosystems impacts of deoxygenation.'
    Author: 'Carstensen, Jacob; Andersen, Jesper H.; Gustafsson, Bo G.; Conley, Daniel J.'
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1323156111
    Issue: 15
    Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    Pages: 5628-5633
    Title: Deoxygenation of the Baltic Sea during the last century
    Volume: 111
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 25590
    _uuid: 1cee8d1c-db44-4882-bf43-0e3be5167a0b
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1323156111
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  identifier: 1cee8d1c-db44-4882-bf43-0e3be5167a0b
  uri: /reference/1cee8d1c-db44-4882-bf43-0e3be5167a0b
- attrs:
    Author: 'Glaser, Lewrene; Kathleen Kassel; Rosanna Mentzer Morrison'
    Issue: December
    Periodical Title: Amber Waves
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Publisher: USDA Economic Research Service
    Title: A visual primer for the food and agricultural sectors
    URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2013/december/a-visual-primer-for-the-food-and-agricultural-sectors/
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 23614
    _uuid: 1d0fff95-e9dc-4f82-baa9-a20dede574ec
    reftype: Electronic Article
  child_publication: /generic/921bafc0-57dc-456a-b430-e5c07d02815b
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1d0fff95-e9dc-4f82-baa9-a20dede574ec.yaml
  identifier: 1d0fff95-e9dc-4f82-baa9-a20dede574ec
  uri: /reference/1d0fff95-e9dc-4f82-baa9-a20dede574ec
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 16
    Author: 'ERS,'
    Description: 6
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Publisher: USDA Economic Research Service (ERS)
    Title: 'Nonmetro County Poverty Rates, 2011-2015 Average [chart]'
    URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/chart-gallery/gallery/chart-detail/?chartId=82280
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 26131
    _uuid: 1f9c41a2-775b-41e7-b93f-fd10e077ee66
    reftype: Web Page
  child_publication: /webpage/d075900e-87fd-4368-85ff-508d41df5dac
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1f9c41a2-775b-41e7-b93f-fd10e077ee66.yaml
  identifier: 1f9c41a2-775b-41e7-b93f-fd10e077ee66
  uri: /reference/1f9c41a2-775b-41e7-b93f-fd10e077ee66
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Heatwaves are divided between moderate, more common heatwaves and rare “high-mortality” heatwaves that have extremely large health effects per day, which we define as heatwaves with a 20 % or higher increase in mortality risk. Better projections of the expected frequency of and exposure to these separate types of heatwaves could help communities optimize heat mitigation and response plans and gauge the potential benefits of limiting climate change. Whether a heatwave is high-mortality or moderate could depend on multiple heatwave characteristics, including intensity, length, and timing. We created heatwave classification models using a heatwave training dataset created using recent (1987–2005) health and weather data from 82 large US urban communities. We built twenty potential classification models and used Monte Carlo cross-validations to evaluate these models. We ultimately identified several models that can adequately classify high-mortality heatwaves. These models can be used to project future trends in high-mortality heatwaves under different scenarios of a changing future (e.g., climate change, population change). Further, these models are novel in the way they allow exploration of different scenarios of adaptation to heat, as they include, as predictive variables, heatwave characteristics that are measured relative to a community’s temperature distribution, allowing different adaptation scenarios to be explored by selecting alternative community temperature distributions. The three selected models have been placed on GitHub for use by other researchers, and we use them in a companion paper to project trends in high-mortality heatwaves under different climate, population, and adaptation scenarios.'
    Author: 'Anderson, G. Brooke; Oleson, Keith W.; Jones, Bryan; Peng, Roger D.'
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-016-1776-0
    Date: February 01
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Climatic Change
    Pages: 439-453
    Title: 'Classifying heatwaves: Developing health-based models to predict high-mortality versus moderate United States heatwaves'
    Type of Article: journal article
    Volume: 146
    Year: 2018
    _record_number: 25579
    _uuid: 200c4ff2-90da-45da-bc7a-f4565dbd2fbb
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-016-1776-0
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/200c4ff2-90da-45da-bc7a-f4565dbd2fbb.yaml
  identifier: 200c4ff2-90da-45da-bc7a-f4565dbd2fbb
  uri: /reference/200c4ff2-90da-45da-bc7a-f4565dbd2fbb
- attrs:
    Author: 'Ahn, Kuk-Hyun; Richard N. Palmer'
    DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001286
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
    Pages: 04015061
    Title: Trend and variability in observed hydrological extremes in the United States
    Volume: 21
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 21868
    _uuid: 208a7c69-bbda-45e4-bded-c44fd8ad21e5
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001286
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/208a7c69-bbda-45e4-bded-c44fd8ad21e5.yaml
  identifier: 208a7c69-bbda-45e4-bded-c44fd8ad21e5
  uri: /reference/208a7c69-bbda-45e4-bded-c44fd8ad21e5
- attrs:
    Author: 'Farrigan, Tracey'
    Issue: March
    Periodical Title: Amber Waves
    Publisher: USDA Economic Research Service
    Title: Poverty and deep poverty increasing in rural America
    URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2014/march/poverty-and-deep-poverty-increasing-in-rural-america
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 23608
    _uuid: 23daac87-48e6-486c-a9b3-036c75855565
    reftype: Electronic Article
  child_publication: /generic/9795b86f-ad49-4125-94c4-467a3bea4e03
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/23daac87-48e6-486c-a9b3-036c75855565.yaml
  identifier: 23daac87-48e6-486c-a9b3-036c75855565
  uri: /reference/23daac87-48e6-486c-a9b3-036c75855565
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Corn (Zea mays L.) stover was identified as an important feedstock for cellulosic bioenergy production because of the extensive area upon which the crop is already grown. This report summarizes 239 site-years of field research examining effects of zero, moderate, and high stover removal rates at 36 sites in seven different states. Grain and stover yields from all sites as well as N, P, and K removal from 28 sites are summarized for nine longitude and six latitude bands, two tillage practices (conventional vs no tillage), two stover-harvest methods (machine vs calculated), and two crop rotations {continuous corn (maize) vs corn/soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]}. Mean grain yields ranged from 5.0 to 12.0 Mg ha−1 (80 to 192 bu ac−1). Harvesting an average of 3.9 or 7.2 Mg ha−1 (1.7 or 3.2 tons ac−1) of the corn stover resulted in a slight increase in grain yield at 57 and 51 % of the sites, respectively. Average no-till grain yields were significantly lower than with conventional tillage when stover was not harvested, but not when it was collected. Plant samples collected between physiological maturity and combine harvest showed that compared to not harvesting stover, N, P, and K removal was increased by 24, 2.7, and 31 kg ha−1, respectively, with moderate (3.9 Mg ha−1) harvest and by 47, 5.5, and 62 kg ha−1, respectively, with high (7.2 Mg ha−1) removal. This data will be useful for verifying simulation models and available corn stover feedstock projections, but is too variable for planning site-specific stover harvest.'
    Author: 'Karlen, Douglas L.; Birrell, Stuart J.; Johnson, Jane M. F.; Osborne, Shannon L.; Schumacher, Thomas E.; Varvel, Gary E.; Ferguson, Richard B.; Novak, Jeff M.; Fredrick, James R.; Baker, John M.; Lamb, John A.; Adler, Paul R.; Roth, Greg W.; Nafziger, Emerson D.'
    DOI: 10.1007/s12155-014-9419-7
    Date: June 01
    ISSN: 1939-1242
    Issue: 2
    Journal: BioEnergy Research
    Pages: 528-539
    Title: Multilocation corn stover harvest effects on crop yields and nutrient removal
    Type of Article: journal article
    Volume: 7
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 25554
    _uuid: 260cdc77-7e27-415b-bc41-80686c0b2acc
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s12155-014-9419-7
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/260cdc77-7e27-415b-bc41-80686c0b2acc.yaml
  identifier: 260cdc77-7e27-415b-bc41-80686c0b2acc
  uri: /reference/260cdc77-7e27-415b-bc41-80686c0b2acc
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Biofuels and bio-based products can be produced from a wide variety of herbaceous feedstocks. To supply enough biomass to meet the needs of a new bio-based economy, a suite of dedicated biomass species must be developed to accommodate a range of growing environments throughout the USA. Researchers from the US Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) and collaborators associated with the USDA Regional Biomass Research Centers have made major progress in understanding the genetics of switchgrass, sorghum, and other grass species and have begun to use this knowledge to develop new cultivars with high yields and appropriate traits for efficient conversion to bio-based products. Plant geneticists and breeders have discovered genes that reduce recalcitrance for biochemical conversion to ethanol and drop-in fuels. Progress has also been made in finding genes that improve production under biotic and abiotic stress from diseases, pests, and climatic variations.'
    Author: 'Anderson, W. F.; Sarath, G.; Edme, S.; Casler, M. D.; Mitchell, R. B.; Tobias, C. M.; Hale, A. L.; Sattler, S. E.; Knoll, J. E.'
    DOI: 10.1007/s12155-015-9709-8
    Date: June 01
    ISSN: 1939-1242
    Issue: 2
    Journal: BioEnergy Research
    Pages: 399-411
    Title: Dedicated herbaceous biomass feedstock genetics and development
    Type of Article: journal article
    Volume: 9
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 25580
    _uuid: 2613e6d3-97a9-4765-becd-3ee7e5e501c4
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s12155-015-9709-8
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2613e6d3-97a9-4765-becd-3ee7e5e501c4.yaml
  identifier: 2613e6d3-97a9-4765-becd-3ee7e5e501c4
  uri: /reference/2613e6d3-97a9-4765-becd-3ee7e5e501c4
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence of occupational heat illness in Ontario. METHODS: Heat illness events were identified in two population-based data sources: work-related emergency department (ED) records and lost time claims for the period 2004-2010 in Ontario, Canada. Incidence rates were calculated using denominator estimates from national labour market surveys and estimates were adjusted for workers’ compensation insurance coverage. Proportional morbidity ratios were estimated for industry, occupation and tenure of employment. RESULTS: There were 785 heat illness events identified in the ED encounter records (incidence rate 1.6 per 1,000,000 full-time equivalent (FTE) months) and 612 heat illness events identified in the lost time claim records (incidence rate 1.7 per 1,000,000 FTE months) in the seven-year observation period with peak incidence observed in the summer months. The risk of heat illness was elevated for men, young workers, manual workers and those with shorter employment tenure. A higher proportion of lost time claims attributed to heat illness were observed in the government services, agriculture and construction sectors relative to all lost time claims. CONCLUSIONS: Occupational heat illnesses are experienced in Ontario’s population and are observed in ED records and lost time claims. The variation of heat illness incidence observed with worker and industry characteristics, and over time, can inform prevention efforts by occupational health services in Ontario.'
    Author: 'Fortune, Melanie K.; Mustard, Cameron A.; Etches, Jacob J.C.; Chambers, Andrea G.'
    DOI: 10.17269/cjph.104.3984
    Date: 2013-09-12
    EPub Date: 2013-10-31
    ISSN: 1920-7476
    Issue: 5
    Journal: Canadian Journal of Public Health
    Keywords: Heat stress disorders; occupational exposure; epidemiology
    Pages: 7
    Short Title: 'Work-attributed Illness Arising From Excess Heat Exposure in Ontario, 2004-2010'
    Start Page: 420
    Title: 'Work-attributed illness arising from excess heat exposure in Ontario, 2004-2010'
    Type of Article: Heat stress disorders; occupational exposure; epidemiology
    Volume: 104
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 23611
    _uuid: 26779560-dc50-4a6b-b555-d4075ce16af9
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.17269/cjph.104.3984
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/26779560-dc50-4a6b-b555-d4075ce16af9.yaml
  identifier: 26779560-dc50-4a6b-b555-d4075ce16af9
  uri: /reference/26779560-dc50-4a6b-b555-d4075ce16af9
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Paul, Bimal Kanti; Che, Deborah; Tinnon, Vicki L.'
    Institution: Natural Hazards Center
    Pages: 12
    Place Published: 'Boulder, CO'
    Series Volume: Quick Response Report 191
    Title: 'Emergency Responses for High Plains Cattle Affected by the December 28-31, 2006, Blizzard'
    URL: http://hermes.cde.state.co.us/drupal/islandora/object/co%3A5497/datastream/OBJ/view
    Year: 2007
    _record_number: 23635
    _uuid: 269d42c2-5865-4c2e-a777-dc4bf6551274
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/emergency-responses-high-plains-cattle-affected-by-december-28-31-2006-blizzard
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/269d42c2-5865-4c2e-a777-dc4bf6551274.yaml
  identifier: 269d42c2-5865-4c2e-a777-dc4bf6551274
  uri: /reference/269d42c2-5865-4c2e-a777-dc4bf6551274
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Biochar has been heralded as an amendment to revitalize degraded soils, improve soil carbon sequestration, increase agronomic productivity, and enter into future carbon trading markets. However, scientific and economic technicalities may limit the ability of biochar to consistently deliver on these expectations. Past research has demonstrated that biochar is part of the black carbon continuum with variable properties due to the net result of production (e.g., feedstock and pyrolysis conditions) and postproduction factors (storage or activation). Therefore, biochar is not a single entity but rather spans a wide range of black carbon forms. Biochar is black carbon, but not all black carbon is biochar. Agronomic benefits arising from biochar additions to degraded soils have been emphasized, but negligible and negative agronomic effects have also been reported. Fifty percent of the reviewed studies reported yield increases after black carbon or biochar additions, with the remainder of the studies reporting alarming decreases to no significant differences. Hardwood biochar (black carbon) produced by traditional methods (kilns or soil pits) possessed the most consistent yield increases when added to soils. The universality of this conclusion requires further evaluation due to the highly skewed feedstock preferences within existing studies. With global population expanding while the amount of arable land remains limited, restoring soil quality to nonproductive soils could be key to meeting future global food production, food security, and energy supplies; biochar may play a role in this endeavor. Biochar economics are often marginally viable and are tightly tied to the assumed duration of agronomic benefits. Further research is needed to determine the conditions under which biochar can provide economic and agronomic benefits and to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms responsible for these benefits.'
    Author: 'Spokas, Kurt A.; Cantrell, Keri B.; Novak, Jeffrey M.; Archer, David W.; Ippolito, James A.; Collins, Harold P.; Boateng, Akwasi A.; Lima, Isabel M.; Lamb, Marshall C.; McAloon, Andrew J.; Lentz, Rodrick D.; Nichols, Kristine A.'
    DOI: 10.2134/jeq2011.0069
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Journal of Environmental Quality
    Language: English
    Pages: 973-989
    Title: 'Biochar: A synthesis of its agronomic impact beyond carbon sequestration'
    Volume: 41
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 25535
    _uuid: 28aa04a1-7859-4333-8f46-be75ea295a17
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.2134/jeq2011.0069
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/28aa04a1-7859-4333-8f46-be75ea295a17.yaml
  identifier: 28aa04a1-7859-4333-8f46-be75ea295a17
  uri: /reference/28aa04a1-7859-4333-8f46-be75ea295a17
- attrs:
    Author: 'Schauberger, Bernhard; Archontoulis, Sotirios; Arneth, Almut; Balkovic, Juraj; Ciais, Philippe; Deryng, Delphine; Elliott, Joshua; Folberth, Christian; Khabarov, Nikolay; Müller, Christoph; Pugh, Thomas A. M.; Rolinski, Susanne; Schaphoff, Sibyll; Schmid, Erwin; Wang, Xuhui; Schlenker, Wolfram; Frieler, Katja'
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13931
    Date: 01/19/online
    Journal: Nature Communications
    Pages: 13931
    Publisher: The Author(s)
    Title: Consistent negative response of US crops to high temperatures in observations and crop models
    Type of Article: Article
    Volume: 8
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 21163
    _uuid: 2967c8a9-063e-4118-92a4-71f266341e2f
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1038/ncomms13931
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2967c8a9-063e-4118-92a4-71f266341e2f.yaml
  identifier: 2967c8a9-063e-4118-92a4-71f266341e2f
  uri: /reference/2967c8a9-063e-4118-92a4-71f266341e2f
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 7
    Author: 'Vose, R.S.; D.R. Easterling; K.E. Kunkel; A.N. LeGrande; M.F. Wehner'
    Book Title: 'Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I'
    DOI: 10.7930/J0N29V45
    Editor: 'Wuebbles, D.J.; D.W. Fahey; K.A. Hibbard; D.J. Dokken; B.C. Stewart; T.K. Maycock'
    Pages: 185-206
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC, USA'
    Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program
    Title: Temperature Changes in the United States
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 21564
    _uuid: 29960c69-6168-4fb0-9af0-d50bdd91acd3
    reftype: Book Section
  child_publication: /report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/temperature-change
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/29960c69-6168-4fb0-9af0-d50bdd91acd3.yaml
  identifier: 29960c69-6168-4fb0-9af0-d50bdd91acd3
  uri: /reference/29960c69-6168-4fb0-9af0-d50bdd91acd3
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Global warming is predicted to have a general negative effect on plant growth due to the negative effect of high temperatures on plant development. The increasing threat of climatological extremes, including very high temperatures might lead to catastrophic loss of crop productivity and result in wide spread famine. In this review we assess the impact of global climate change on the production of agricultural crop production. There is a differential effect of climate change both in terms of geographic location and the crops that have will be likely to show the most extreme reductions in yield as a result of warming in general and the expected fluctuations in temperature. High temperature stress has a wide range of effects on plants both in terms of physiology, biochemistry and gene regulation pathways. In this review we present the recent advances of research on all these level of investigation focusing on potential leads that may help to understand more fully the mechanisms that make plants tolerant or susceptible to heat stress. Finally we review possible mechanisms and methods which can lead to the generation of new varieties that will allow sustainable yield production in a world likely to be challenged both by increasing population, higher average temperatures and larger temperature fluctuations.'
    Author: 'Bita, Craita; Gerats, Tom'
    Author Address: 'Ms Craita Bita,Radboud University Nijmegen,Nijmegen,Netherlands,elenacraita.bita@hutton.ac.uk'
    DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00273
    Date: 2013-July-31
    ISSN: 1664-462X
    Issue: 273
    Journal: Frontiers in Plant Science
    Keywords: 'Global Warming,Food security,heat tolerance,crop productivity,Abiotic stress tolerance,Reproductive development'
    Language: English
    Short Title: Plant tolerance to heat stress in a changing environment
    Title: 'Plant tolerance to high temperature in a changing environment: Scientific fundamentals and production of heat stress-tolerant crops'
    Type of Article: Review
    Volume: 4
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 23503
    _uuid: 2a7983dd-7ca7-40ae-8311-07494fab7a8b
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.3389/fpls.2013.00273
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2a7983dd-7ca7-40ae-8311-07494fab7a8b.yaml
  identifier: 2a7983dd-7ca7-40ae-8311-07494fab7a8b
  uri: /reference/2a7983dd-7ca7-40ae-8311-07494fab7a8b
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'USDA,'
    Institution: U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
    Pages: 50
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Title: 'Strategic Plan: FY 2010-2015'
    URL: https://www.ocfo.usda.gov/usdasp/sp2010/sp2010.pdf
    Year: 2010
    _record_number: 23642
    _uuid: 2a8c30e6-ccc4-42a4-9a9b-2a20f901f998
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/strategic-plan-fy-2010-2015
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2a8c30e6-ccc4-42a4-9a9b-2a20f901f998.yaml
  identifier: 2a8c30e6-ccc4-42a4-9a9b-2a20f901f998
  uri: /reference/2a8c30e6-ccc4-42a4-9a9b-2a20f901f998
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Farm Service Agency,'
    Institution: USDA Farm Service Agency
    Pages: 2
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Report Number: Disaster Assistance Fact Sheet
    Title: Emergency Disaster Designation and Declaration Process
    URL: https://www.fsa.usda.gov/Assets/USDA-FSA-Public/usdafiles/FactSheets/2017/emergency_disaster_designation_and_declaration_process_oct2017.pdf
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 25571
    _uuid: 2b7866fc-84d7-4550-aa1f-f98ca2f9b84a
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/emergency-disaster-designation-declaration-process
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2b7866fc-84d7-4550-aa1f-f98ca2f9b84a.yaml
  identifier: 2b7866fc-84d7-4550-aa1f-f98ca2f9b84a
  uri: /reference/2b7866fc-84d7-4550-aa1f-f98ca2f9b84a
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Howden, S.M.\rSoussana, Jean-François\rTubiello, F.N.\rChhetri, N.\rDunlop, M.\rMeinke, H."
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0701890104
    Epub Date: 'December 6, 2007'
    ISSN: 0027-8424
    Issue: 50
    Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    Pages: 19691-19696
    Title: Adapting agriculture to climate change
    URL: http://www.pnas.org/content/104/50/19691.full
    Volume: 104
    Year: 2007
    _chapter: '["Ch. 6: Agriculture FINAL","Ch. 17: Southeast and Caribbean FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 3590
    _uuid: 2b83fcb4-bf8e-4e93-8c3f-2be10b57f60c
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.0701890104
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2b83fcb4-bf8e-4e93-8c3f-2be10b57f60c.yaml
  identifier: 2b83fcb4-bf8e-4e93-8c3f-2be10b57f60c
  uri: /reference/2b83fcb4-bf8e-4e93-8c3f-2be10b57f60c
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Wiebe, Keith'
    Institution: USDA Economic Research Service
    Pages: 60
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Series Volume: Agricultural Economic Report No. AER-823
    Title: 'Linking Land Quality, Agricultural Productivity, and Food Security'
    URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=41575
    Year: 2003
    _record_number: 23647
    _uuid: 2bee1d5c-b47e-441e-9edb-dba4f7450057
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/linking-land-quality-agricultural-productivity-food-security
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2bee1d5c-b47e-441e-9edb-dba4f7450057.yaml
  identifier: 2bee1d5c-b47e-441e-9edb-dba4f7450057
  uri: /reference/2bee1d5c-b47e-441e-9edb-dba4f7450057
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Ortiz, R.\rSayre, K.D.\rGovaerts, B.\rGupta, R.\rSubbarao, G.V.\rBan, T.\rHodson, D.\rDixon, J.M.\rIván Ortiz-Monasterio, J.\rReynolds, M."
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2008.01.019
    ISSN: 0167-8809
    Issue: 1
    Journal: 'Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment'
    Pages: 46-58
    Title: 'Climate change: Can wheat beat the heat?'
    URL: 'http://ibp.generationcp.org/confluence/download/attachments/23069648/Ortiz_et_al_2008-Can_wheat_beat_the_heat-AgrEcosystEnv.pdf]'
    Volume: 126
    Year: 2008
    _chapter: '["Ch. 6: Agriculture FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 2370
    _uuid: 2c003dcb-ddfb-4415-8023-bb889cf9abea
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.agee.2008.01.019
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2c003dcb-ddfb-4415-8023-bb889cf9abea.yaml
  identifier: 2c003dcb-ddfb-4415-8023-bb889cf9abea
  uri: /reference/2c003dcb-ddfb-4415-8023-bb889cf9abea
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'A fundamental aspect of climate change is the potential shifts in flowering phenology and pollen initiation associated with milder winters and warmer seasonal air temperature. Earlier floral anthesis has been suggested, in turn, to have a role in human disease by increasing time of exposure to pollen that causes allergic rhinitis and related asthma. However, earlier floral initiation does not necessarily alter the temporal duration of the pollen season, and, to date, no consistent continental trend in pollen season length has been demonstrated. Here we report that duration of the ragweed (Ambrosia spp.) pollen season has been increasing in recent decades as a function of latitude in North America. Latitudinal effects on increasing season length were associated primarily with a delay in first frost of the fall season and lengthening of the frost free period. Overall, these data indicate a significant increase in the length of the ragweed pollen season by as much as 13-27 d at latitudes above similar to 44 degrees N since 1995. This is consistent with recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projections regarding enhanced warming as a function of latitude. If similar warming trends accompany long-term climate change, greater exposure times to seasonal allergens may occur with subsequent effects on public health.'
    Accession Number: ISI:000288120400079
    Alternate Journal: P Natl Acad Sci USA
    Author: "Ziska, L.\rKnowlton, K.\rRogers, C.\rDalan, D.\rTierney, N.\rElder, M. A.\rFilley, W.\rShropshire, J.\rFord, L. B.\rHedberg, C.\rFleetwood, P.\rHovanky, K. T.\rKavanaugh, T.\rFulford, G.\rVrtis, R. F.\rPatz, J. A.\rPortnoy, J.\rCoates, F.\rBielory, L.\rFrenz, D."
    Author Address: 'Ziska, L; ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA; ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA; ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA; Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Hlth & Environm Program, Nat Resources Def Council, New York, NY 10032 USA; Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, New York, NY 10032 USA; Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA; Allergy & Asthma Care Ctr, Fargo, ND 58103 USA; Allergy & Asthma Specialists, Minneapolis, MN 55402 USA; Oklahoma Allergy & Asthma Clin, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA; Ctr Asthma & Allergy, Omaha, NE 68123 USA; Hedberg Allergy & Asthma Ctr, Rogers, AR 72758 USA; Allergy & Asthma Ctr Georgetown, Georgetown, TX 78628 USA; Allergy Associates, La Crosse, WI 54602 USA; Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA; Univ Wisconsin, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA; Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Childrens Mercy Hosp, Sect Allergy Asthma & Immunol, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA; Aerobiol Res Labs, Nepean, ON K2E 7Y5, Canada; Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Environm Predict, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA; HealthE Care Syst, St Paul, MN 55102 USA'
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1014107108
    Date: Mar 8
    ISSN: 0027-8424
    Issue: 10
    Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    Keywords: aerobiology; allergies; global warming; ambrosia-artemisiifolia l.; climate-change; common ragweed; public-health; united-states; aeroallergens; allergy; urbanization; temperatures; counts
    Language: English
    Notes: 731PA; Times Cited:9; Cited References Count:34
    Pages: 4248-4251
    Title: Recent warming by latitude associated with increased length of ragweed pollen season in central North America
    URL: http://www.pnas.org/content/108/10/4248.full.pdf+html
    Volume: 108
    Year: 2011
    _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL","Ch. 16: Northeast FINAL","Ch. 19: Great Plains FINAL","Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL","Overview","RF 1","Ch. 18: Midwest FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 3557
    _uuid: 2d1ffd71-6c31-4d2e-9867-bdf330be45c1
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1014107108
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2d1ffd71-6c31-4d2e-9867-bdf330be45c1.yaml
  identifier: 2d1ffd71-6c31-4d2e-9867-bdf330be45c1
  uri: /reference/2d1ffd71-6c31-4d2e-9867-bdf330be45c1
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Several economic assessments of climate change build on the assumption that reductions of cold-related mortality will overcompensate increases in heat-related mortality at least for moderate levels of global warming. Due to the lack of suitable epidemiological studies with sufficient spatial coverage, many of these assessments rely on one particular dataset: projections of temperature-related mortality in 17 countries published almost 20 years ago. Here, we reanalyse this dataset with a focus on cardiovascular mortality and present evidence for two flaws in the original analysis, which would imply a significant bias towards finding net mortality benefits from climate change: (i) the combination of mortality data for all ages with data specific to the elderly and (ii) the confounding of seasonal effects with direct temperature effects on mortality. This bias appears to be further amplified in the integrated assessment models FUND and ENVISAGE, and related economic assessment tools relying on the same calibration scheme, because heat-related cardiovascular mortality is assumed to affect urban populations only in these models. In an exemplary calculation, we show that while FUND currently projects a net reduction of approximately 380,000 deaths from cardiovascular diseases globally per year at 1 °C of global warming, correcting for the two potential flaws and assuming equal vulnerability of urban and rural populations would result in a net increase of cardiovascular mortality, with approximately 150,000 net additional deaths globally per year. Our findings point to the urgent need of renewing damage functions on temperature-related mortality currently applied in some of the most widely used integrated assessment models.'
    Author: 'Huber, Veronika; Ibarreta, Dolores; Frieler, Katja'
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-017-1956-6
    Date: June 01
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Climatic Change
    Pages: 407-418
    Title: ' Cold- and heat-related mortality: A cautionary note on current damage functions with net benefits from climate change '
    Type of Article: journal article
    Volume: 142
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 23537
    _uuid: 2d3fe667-e18a-42ca-abf6-ae5261ac54e1
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-017-1956-6
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2d3fe667-e18a-42ca-abf6-ae5261ac54e1.yaml
  identifier: 2d3fe667-e18a-42ca-abf6-ae5261ac54e1
  uri: /reference/2d3fe667-e18a-42ca-abf6-ae5261ac54e1
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Dahl, Thomas E.; Stedman, Susan-Marie'
    Institution: 'U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service'
    Pages: 46
    Place Published: 'Reston, VA, and Silver Spring, MD'
    Title: Status and trends of wetlands in the coastal watersheds of the conterminous United States 2004 to 2009
    URL: https://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Documents/Status-and-Trends-of-Wetlands-In-the-Coastal-Watersheds-of-the-Conterminous-US-2004-to-2009.pdf
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 25577
    _uuid: 2de0a3fe-b36f-456d-8008-b42605c55fcd
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/status-trends-wetlands-coastal-watersheds-conterminous-united-states-2004-2009
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2de0a3fe-b36f-456d-8008-b42605c55fcd.yaml
  identifier: 2de0a3fe-b36f-456d-8008-b42605c55fcd
  uri: /reference/2de0a3fe-b36f-456d-8008-b42605c55fcd
- attrs:
    Abstract: "Dwindling water supplies, increasing drought frequency and uncertainties associated with a changing climate mean Europe's irrigated agriculture sector needs to improve water efficiency and produce more 'crop per drop'. This paper summarizes the drivers for change, and the constraints and opportunities for improving agricultural water management through uptake of precision irrigation technologies. A multi‐disciplinary and integrated approach involving irrigation engineers, soil scientists, agronomists and plant physiologists will be needed if the potential for precision irrigation within the field crop sector is to be realized. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry"
    Author: 'Monaghan, James M; Daccache, Andre; Vickers, Laura H; Hess, Tim M; Weatherhead, E Keith; Grove, Ivan G; Knox, Jerry W'
    DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6051
    Issue: 5
    Journal: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
    Pages: 977-980
    Title: 'More ‘crop per drop’: Constraints and opportunities for precision irrigation in European agriculture'
    Volume: 93
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 25548
    _uuid: 2dffaa8f-4412-4eba-ae03-15f74bdce48b
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1002/jsfa.6051
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2dffaa8f-4412-4eba-ae03-15f74bdce48b.yaml
  identifier: 2dffaa8f-4412-4eba-ae03-15f74bdce48b
  uri: /reference/2dffaa8f-4412-4eba-ae03-15f74bdce48b
- attrs:
    Abstract: 'The growing human population and a changing environment have raised significant concern for global food security, with the current improvement rate of several important crops inadequate to meet future demand 1 . This slow improvement rate is attributed partly to the long generation times of crop plants. Here, we present a method called ‘speed breeding’, which greatly shortens generation time and accelerates breeding and research programmes. Speed breeding can be used to achieve up to 6 generations per year for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum), durum wheat (T. durum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and pea (Pisum sativum), and 4 generations for canola (Brassica napus), instead of 2–3 under normal glasshouse conditions. We demonstrate that speed breeding in fully enclosed, controlled-environment growth chambers can accelerate plant development for research purposes, including phenotyping of adult plant traits, mutant studies and transformation. The use of supplemental lighting in a glasshouse environment allows rapid generation cycling through single seed descent (SSD) and potential for adaptation to larger-scale crop improvement programs. Cost saving through light-emitting diode (LED) supplemental lighting is also outlined. We envisage great potential for integrating speed breeding with other modern crop breeding technologies, including high-throughput genotyping, genome editing and genomic selection, accelerating the rate of crop improvement.'
    Author: 'Watson, Amy; Ghosh, Sreya; Williams, Matthew J.; Cuddy, William S.; Simmonds, James; Rey, María-Dolores; Asyraf Md Hatta, M.; Hinchliffe, Alison; Steed, Andrew; Reynolds, Daniel; Adamski, Nikolai M.; Breakspear, Andy; Korolev, Andrey; Rayner, Tracey; Dixon, Laura E.; Riaz, Adnan; Martin, William; Ryan, Merrill; Edwards, David; Batley, Jacqueline; Raman, Harsh; Carter, Jeremy; Rogers, Christian; Domoney, Claire; Moore, Graham; Harwood, Wendy; Nicholson, Paul; Dieters, Mark J.; DeLacy, Ian H.; Zhou, Ji; Uauy, Cristobal; Boden, Scott A.; Park, Robert F.; Wulff, Brande B. H.; Hickey, Lee T.'
    DOI: 10.1038/s41477-017-0083-8
    Date: 2018/01/01
    ISSN: 2055-0278
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Nature Plants
    Pages: 23-29
    Title: Speed breeding is a powerful tool to accelerate crop research and breeding
    Volume: 4
    Year: 2018
    _record_number: 25533
    _uuid: 2f97778b-5e02-44b5-b4a5-14492fd37ec8
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1038/s41477-017-0083-8
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2f97778b-5e02-44b5-b4a5-14492fd37ec8.yaml
  identifier: 2f97778b-5e02-44b5-b4a5-14492fd37ec8
  uri: /reference/2f97778b-5e02-44b5-b4a5-14492fd37ec8
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    .section: 31
    Author: "Morello-Frosch, Rachel\rManuel Pastor\rJames Sadd\rSeth B. Shonkoff"
    Institution: 'University of California, Berkeley, and USC Program for Environmental & Regional Equity'
    Title: 'The Climate Gap: Inequalities in How Climate Change Hurts Americans & How to Close the Gap'
    URL: http://dornsife.usc.edu/assets/sites/242/docs/The_Climate_Gap_Full_Report_FINAL.pdf
    Year: 2009
    _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 4578
    _uuid: 2fb19c54-72ed-460d-a72f-78f257decd7c
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/uca-climategap-2009
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2fb19c54-72ed-460d-a72f-78f257decd7c.yaml
  identifier: 2fb19c54-72ed-460d-a72f-78f257decd7c
  uri: /reference/2fb19c54-72ed-460d-a72f-78f257decd7c