--- - attrs: Abstract: 'Agriculture consumes more than two thirds of the total freshwater of the planet. This issue causes substantial conflict in freshwater allocation between agriculture and other economic sectors. Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) is key technology because it helps to improve water use efficiency. Nonetheless, there is a lack of understanding of the mechanisms with which plants respond to RDI. In particular, little is known about how RDI might increase crop production while reducing the amount of irrigation water in real-world agriculture. In this review, we found that RDI is largely implemented through three approaches: (1) growth stage-based deficit irrigation, (2) partial root-zone irrigation, and (3) subsurface dripper irrigation. Among these, partial root-zone irrigation is the most popular and effective because many field crops and some woody crops can save irrigation water up to 20 to 30 % without or with a minimal impact on crop yield. Improved water use efficiency with RDI is mainly due to the following: (1) enhanced guard cell signal transduction network that decreases transpiration water loss, (2) optimized stomatal control that improves the photosynthesis to transpiration ratio, and (3) decreased evaporative surface areas with partial root-zone irrigation that reduces soil evaporation. The mechanisms involved in the plant response to RDI-induced water stress include the morphological traits, e.g., increased root to shoot ratio and improved nutrient uptake and recovery; physiological traits, e.g., stomatal closure, decreased leaf respiration, and maintained photosynthesis; and biochemical traits, e.g., increased signaling molecules and enhanced antioxidation enzymatic activity.' Author: 'Chai, Qiang; Gan, Yantai; Zhao, Cai; Xu, Hui-Lian; Waskom, Reagan M.; Niu, Yining; Siddique, Kadambot H. M.' DOI: 10.1007/s13593-015-0338-6 Date: December 18 ISSN: 1773-0155 Issue: 1 Journal: Agronomy for Sustainable Development Pages: 3 Title: Regulated deficit irrigation for crop production under drought stress. A review Type of Article: journal article Volume: 36 Year: 2015 _record_number: 25592 _uuid: d14eb52d-2a33-414b-bf2f-a868b2417600 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s13593-015-0338-6 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d14eb52d-2a33-414b-bf2f-a868b2417600.yaml identifier: d14eb52d-2a33-414b-bf2f-a868b2417600 uri: /reference/d14eb52d-2a33-414b-bf2f-a868b2417600 - attrs: .publisher: Nature Publishing Group .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Mallakpour, Iman; Villarini, Gabriele' DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2516 Date: 03//print ISSN: 1758-678X Issue: 3 Journal: Nature Climate Change Pages: 250-254 Title: The changing nature of flooding across the central United States Volume: 5 Year: 2015 _record_number: 19562 _uuid: d2af0d06-91aa-4e53-99e1-4dad2ac9195a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/nclimate2516 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d2af0d06-91aa-4e53-99e1-4dad2ac9195a.yaml identifier: d2af0d06-91aa-4e53-99e1-4dad2ac9195a uri: /reference/d2af0d06-91aa-4e53-99e1-4dad2ac9195a - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'CENR,' Institution: Committee on Environment and Natural Resources Pages: 154 Place Published: 'Washington, D.C.' Title: 'Scientific Assessment of Hypoxia in U.S. Coastal Waters. Interagency Working Group on Harmful Algal Blooms, Hypoxia, and Human Health of the Joint Subcommittee on Ocean Science and Technology' URL: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/hypoxia-report.pdf Year: 2010 _chapter: '["Ch. 25: Coastal Zone FINAL"]' _record_number: 1501 _uuid: d3e0a9e1-9ff9-492c-ba13-9f24976fa65a reftype: Report child_publication: /report/cenrs-hypoxia-2010 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d3e0a9e1-9ff9-492c-ba13-9f24976fa65a.yaml identifier: d3e0a9e1-9ff9-492c-ba13-9f24976fa65a uri: /reference/d3e0a9e1-9ff9-492c-ba13-9f24976fa65a - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Brown, M.E.; J.M. Antle; P. Backlund; E.R. Carr; W.E. Easterling; M.K. Walsh; C. Ammann; W. Attavanich; C.B. Barrett; M.F. Bellemare; V. Dancheck; C. Funk; K. Grace; J.S.I. Ingram; H. Jiang; H. Maletta; T. Mata; A. Murray; M. Ngugi; D. Ojima; B. O’Neill; C. Tebaldi' DOI: 10.7930/J0862DC7 Institution: U.S. Global Change Research Program Pages: 146 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Title: 'Climate Change, Global Food Security, and the U.S. Food System' Year: 2015 _record_number: 23655 _uuid: d51156cc-0034-4afc-b2b7-1ad99efde458 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/usda-climate-change-global-food-security-us-food-system-2015 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d51156cc-0034-4afc-b2b7-1ad99efde458.yaml identifier: d51156cc-0034-4afc-b2b7-1ad99efde458 uri: /reference/d51156cc-0034-4afc-b2b7-1ad99efde458 - attrs: Author: 'Havlík, Petr; Valin, Hugo; Mosnier, Aline; Obersteiner, Michael; Baker, Justin S.; Herrero, Mario; Rufino, Mariana C.; Schmid, Erwin' DOI: 10.1093/ajae/aas085 ISSN: 0002-9092 Issue: 2 Journal: American Journal of Agricultural Economics Notes: 10.1093/ajae/aas085 Pages: 442-448 Title: 'Crop productivity and the global livestock sector: Implications for land use change and greenhouse gas emissions' Volume: 95 Year: 2013 _record_number: 23532 _uuid: d5ed58e8-a5b6-48a4-b648-7fe64fc6ecd5 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1093/ajae/aas085 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d5ed58e8-a5b6-48a4-b648-7fe64fc6ecd5.yaml identifier: d5ed58e8-a5b6-48a4-b648-7fe64fc6ecd5 uri: /reference/d5ed58e8-a5b6-48a4-b648-7fe64fc6ecd5 - attrs: Abstract: 'Renewable fuel standards in the US and elsewhere mandate the production of large quantities of cellulosic biofuels with low greenhouse gas (GHG) footprints, a requirement which will likely entail extensive cultivation of dedicated bioenergy feedstock crops on marginal agricultural lands. Performance data for such systems is sparse, and non‐linear interactions between the feedstock species, agronomic management intensity, and underlying soil and land characteristics complicate the development of sustainable landscape design strategies for low‐impact commercial‐scale feedstock production. Process‐based ecosystem models are valuable for extrapolating field trial results and making predictions of productivity and associated environmental impacts that integrate the effects of spatially variable environmental factors across diverse production landscapes. However, there are few examples of ecosystem model parameterization against field trials on both prime and marginal lands or of conducting landscape‐scale analyses at sufficient resolution to capture interactions between soil type, land use, and management intensity. In this work we used a data‐diverse, multi‐criteria approach to parameterize and validate the DayCent biogeochemistry model for upland and lowland switchgrass using data on yields, soil carbon changes, and soil nitrous oxide emissions from US field trials spanning a range of climates, soil types, and management conditions. We then conducted a high‐resolution case study analysis of a real‐world cellulosic biofuel landscape in Kansas in order to estimate feedstock production potential and associated direct biogenic GHG emissions footprint. Our results suggest that switchgrass yields and emissions balance can vary greatly across a landscape large enough to supply a biorefinery in response to variations in soil type and land‐use history, but that within a given land base both of these performance factors can be widely modulated by changing management intensity. This in turn implies a large sustainable cellulosic biofuel landscape design space within which a system can be optimized to meet economic or environmental objectives.' Author: 'Field, John L.; Marx, Ernie; Easter, Mark; Adler, Paul R.; Paustian, Keith' DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12316 Issue: 6 Journal: GCB Bioenergy Pages: 1106-1123 Title: Ecosystem model parameterization and adaptation for sustainable cellulosic biofuel landscape design Volume: 8 Year: 2016 _record_number: 25569 _uuid: d664baed-2396-4be8-8e03-54d74d733c44 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1111/gcbb.12316 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d664baed-2396-4be8-8e03-54d74d733c44.yaml identifier: d664baed-2396-4be8-8e03-54d74d733c44 uri: /reference/d664baed-2396-4be8-8e03-54d74d733c44 - attrs: Abstract: 'The Accurate daily reference evapotranspiration (ET) values are needed to estimate crop water demand for irrigation management and hydrologic modeling purposes. The Bushland Reference ET Calculator (BET) was developed to implement a user-friendly interface for calculating hourly and daily grass and alfalfa reference ET using the Java Programming Language. The calculator uses the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Standardized Reference ET equation for calculating both grass and alfalfa reference ET at hourly and daily time steps from a single set or time series of weather data. Daily reference ET can be calculated either by calculating the hourly reference ET values and summing them up or by calculating a daily value using daily statistics of the climatic data (means, maxima, and minima). Graphing capabilities include line graph and scatter plot for quality assurance and quality control purposes. Descriptive statistics can be calculated for selected or all of the variables. Although the “Bushland Reference ET Calculator” was designed and developed for use mainly by producers and crop consultants to manage irrigation scheduling, it can also be used in educational training, research, and other practical applications. This article demonstrates the use of the Bushland Reference ET Calculator that is available from the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory web site to interested users at no cost.' Author: 'Gowda, Prasanna H.; Howell, Terry A.; Baumhardt, R. Louis; Porter, Dana O.; Marek, Thomas H.; Nangia, Vinay' DOI: 10.13031/aea.32.11673 ISSN: 0883-8542 Issue: 3 Journal: Applied Engineering in Agriculture Keywords: Irrigation scheduling; Bushland Reference ET Calculator; Water management. Pages: 383 Place Published: 'St. Joseph, MI' Publisher: ASABE Title: A user-friendly interactive tool for estimating reference ET using ASCE standardized Penman-Monteith equation Volume: 32 Year: 2016 _record_number: 25568 _uuid: d6e020ac-3c60-45fe-b76f-c4e9d4502838 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.13031/aea.32.11673 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d6e020ac-3c60-45fe-b76f-c4e9d4502838.yaml identifier: d6e020ac-3c60-45fe-b76f-c4e9d4502838 uri: /reference/d6e020ac-3c60-45fe-b76f-c4e9d4502838 - attrs: Abstract: 'Long-term declines in oxygen concentrations are evident throughout much of the ocean interior and are particularly acute in midwater oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). These regions are defined by extremely low oxygen concentrations (<20–45 μmol kg−1), cover wide expanses of the ocean, and are associated with productive oceanic and coastal regions. OMZs have expanded over the past 50 years, and this expansion is predicted to continue as the climate warms worldwide. Shoaling of the upper boundaries of the OMZs accompanies OMZ expansion, and decreased oxygen at shallower depths can affect all marine organisms through multiple direct and indirect mechanisms. Effects include altered microbial processes that produce and consume key nutrients and gases, changes in predator-prey dynamics, and shifts in the abundance and accessibility of commercially fished species. Although many species will be negatively affected by these effects, others may expand their range or exploit new niches. OMZ shoaling is thus likely to have major and far-reaching consequences.' Author: 'Gilly, William F.; J. Michael Beman; Steven Y. Litvin; Bruce H. Robison' DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-120710-100849 Issue: 1 Journal: Annual Review of Marine Science Keywords: 'hypoxia,ecology,oceans,microbial,mesopelagic,fisheries' Pages: 393-420 Title: Oceanographic and biological effects of shoaling of the oxygen minimum zone Volume: 5 Year: 2013 _record_number: 23768 _uuid: d721e218-0d4a-47ef-81a1-a148a38bca7c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1146/annurev-marine-120710-100849 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d721e218-0d4a-47ef-81a1-a148a38bca7c.yaml identifier: d721e218-0d4a-47ef-81a1-a148a38bca7c uri: /reference/d721e218-0d4a-47ef-81a1-a148a38bca7c - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: "Parris, A.\rP. Bromirski\rV. Burkett\rD. Cayan\rM. Culver\rJ. Hall\rR. Horton\rK. Knuuti\rR. Moss\rJ. Obeysekera\rA. Sallenger\rJ. Weiss" Institution: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pages: 37 Place Published: 'Silver Spring, MD' Publisher: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Series Volume: NOAA Tech Memo OAR CPO-1 Title: Global Sea Level Rise Scenarios for the United States National Climate Assessment. NOAA Tech Memo OAR CPO-1 URL: http://scenarios.globalchange.gov/sites/default/files/NOAA_SLR_r3_0.pdf Year: 2012 _chapter: '["Appendix 5: Scenarios FINAL","Ch. 20: Southwest FINAL","Ch. 25: Coastal Zone FINAL","Ch. 16: Northeast FINAL","RF 3","RG 10 Coasts","Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL","Ch. 5: Transportation FINAL","Ch. 4: Energy Supply and Use FINAL","Ch. 0: Intro Regions FINAL","Ch. 17: Southeast and Caribbean FINAL","Ch. 21: Northwest FINAL"]' _record_number: 2432 _uuid: d8089822-678e-4834-a1ec-0dca1da35314 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/noaa-techmemo-oar-cpo-1-2012 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d8089822-678e-4834-a1ec-0dca1da35314.yaml identifier: d8089822-678e-4834-a1ec-0dca1da35314 uri: /reference/d8089822-678e-4834-a1ec-0dca1da35314 - attrs: Author: 'Eisler, Mark C.; Michael R. F. Lee; John F. Tarlton; Graeme B. Martin; John Beddington; Jennifer A. J. Dungait; Henry Greathead; Jianxin Liu; Stephen Mathew; Helen Miller; Tom Misselbrook; Phil Murray; Valil K. Vinod; Robert Van Saun; Michael Winter' DOI: 10.1038/507032a Journal: Nature Pages: 32-34 Title: 'Agriculture: Steps to sustainable livestock' Volume: 507 Year: 2014 _record_number: 23517 _uuid: d812667f-d643-497f-b969-be0acd154c4d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/507032a href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d812667f-d643-497f-b969-be0acd154c4d.yaml identifier: d812667f-d643-497f-b969-be0acd154c4d uri: /reference/d812667f-d643-497f-b969-be0acd154c4d - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Norgaard, Kari Marie; Kirsten Vinyeta; Leaf Hillman; Bill Tripp; Frank Lake ' Institution: 'Karuk Tribe, Department of Natural Resources' Pages: 205 Place Published: 'Happy Camp, CA' Title: 'Karuk Tribe Climate Vulnerability Assessment: Assessing Vulnerabilities from the Increased Frequency of High Severity Fire' URL: https://karuktribeclimatechangeprojects.wordpress.com/climate-vulnerabilty-assessment/ Year: 2016 _record_number: 23929 _uuid: d87facce-04fc-4296-b7ce-54a8df65d503 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/karuk-tribe-climate-vulnerability-assessment-assessing-vulnerabilities-increased-frequency-high-severity-fire href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d87facce-04fc-4296-b7ce-54a8df65d503.yaml identifier: d87facce-04fc-4296-b7ce-54a8df65d503 uri: /reference/d87facce-04fc-4296-b7ce-54a8df65d503 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'FAO,' Institution: ' Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan' Notes: 'ISBN: 978-92-5-106614-0' Pages: 285 Place Published: Rome and London Title: "The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture: Managing Systems at Risk" URL: http://www.fao.org/docrep/017/i1688e/i1688e00.htm Year: 2011 _record_number: 23610 _uuid: d8a1f4b0-95f6-4d23-b4e2-c94115b307c5 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/state-worlds-land-water-resources-food-agriculture-solaw-managing-systems-at-risk href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d8a1f4b0-95f6-4d23-b4e2-c94115b307c5.yaml identifier: d8a1f4b0-95f6-4d23-b4e2-c94115b307c5 uri: /reference/d8a1f4b0-95f6-4d23-b4e2-c94115b307c5 - attrs: Abstract: 'Milk yield and its composition vary according to individual cows as well as to a variety of different environment conditions, such as temperature. Previous studies suggest that heat exerts considerable negative effects on milk production and its composition, especially during summer months. We investigate the production and fat composition of milk from individual dairy cows and develop a modelling framework that investigates the effect of temperature by extending a traditional lactation curve model onto a more flexible statistical modelling framework, a generalised additive model (GAM). The GAM simultaneously copes with multiple different conditions (temperature, parity, days of lactation, etc.), and, importantly, their non-linear relationships. Our analysis of retrospective data suggests that individual cows respond differently to heat; cows producing relatively high quantities of milk tend to be particularly sensitive to heat. Our model also suggests that most dairy cows studied fall into three distinct cases that underpin the variation of the milk fat ratio by different mechanisms.' Author: 'Yano, Machiko; Shimadzu, Hideyasu; Endo, Toshiki' DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-129 Date: March 07 ISSN: 2193-1801 Issue: 1 Journal: SpringerPlus Pages: 129 Title: 'Modelling temperature effects on milk production: A study on Holstein cows at a Japanese farm' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 3 Year: 2014 _record_number: 23590 _uuid: d9cbbc85-c81b-4e0f-9595-0a6fc59ae4d5 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1186/2193-1801-3-129 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d9cbbc85-c81b-4e0f-9595-0a6fc59ae4d5.yaml identifier: d9cbbc85-c81b-4e0f-9595-0a6fc59ae4d5 uri: /reference/d9cbbc85-c81b-4e0f-9595-0a6fc59ae4d5 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Diaz, R.J.\rRosenberg, R." DOI: 10.1126/science.1156401 ISSN: 0036-8075 Issue: 5891 Journal: Science Pages: 926-929 Title: Spreading dead zones and consequences for marine ecosystems Volume: 321 Year: 2008 _chapter: '["Ch. 25: Coastal Zone FINAL"]' _record_number: 1582 _uuid: d9ec3739-08f5-4e71-ada0-194fd3b35d63 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.1156401 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d9ec3739-08f5-4e71-ada0-194fd3b35d63.yaml identifier: d9ec3739-08f5-4e71-ada0-194fd3b35d63 uri: /reference/d9ec3739-08f5-4e71-ada0-194fd3b35d63 - attrs: Author: 'Peterson, Alexander G.; Abatzoglou, John T.' DOI: 10.1002/2014GL059266 ISSN: 1944-8007 Issue: 6 Journal: Geophysical Research Letters Keywords: phenology; spring freeze; biosphere-atmosphere interaction; false springs; sensitivity analysis; climate change; 0315 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions; 1637 Regional climate change; 1630 Impacts of global change; 1843 Land/atmosphere interactions; 3305 Climate change and variability Pages: 2156-2162 Title: Observed changes in false springs over the contiguous United States Volume: 41 Year: 2014 _record_number: 23437 _uuid: dcd0b157-c8af-44c1-a0f9-ce824c551b03 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/2014GL059266 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/dcd0b157-c8af-44c1-a0f9-ce824c551b03.yaml identifier: dcd0b157-c8af-44c1-a0f9-ce824c551b03 uri: /reference/dcd0b157-c8af-44c1-a0f9-ce824c551b03 - attrs: Author: 'Ray, Deepak K.; Gerber, James S.; MacDonald, Graham K.; West, Paul C.' DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6989 Date: 01/22/online Journal: Nature Communications Pages: 5989 Publisher: The Author(s) Title: Climate variation explains a third of global crop yield variability Type of Article: Article Volume: 6 Year: 2015 _record_number: 23571 _uuid: dcf14e95-6370-4d19-b975-33fc290cffae reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/ncomms6989 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/dcf14e95-6370-4d19-b975-33fc290cffae.yaml identifier: dcf14e95-6370-4d19-b975-33fc290cffae uri: /reference/dcf14e95-6370-4d19-b975-33fc290cffae - attrs: .reference_type: 9 DOI: 10.7930/J0Z31WJ2 Editor: 'Melillo, Jerry M.; Richmond, Terese (T.C.); Yohe, Gary W.' ISBN: 9780160924026 Number of Pages: 841 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program Title: 'Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment' URL: http://nca2014.globalchange.gov Year: 2014 _chapter: '["Ch. 0: About this Report FINAL"]' _record_number: 4692 _uuid: dd5b893d-4462-4bb3-9205-67b532919566 reftype: Edited Book child_publication: /report/nca3 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/dd5b893d-4462-4bb3-9205-67b532919566.yaml identifier: dd5b893d-4462-4bb3-9205-67b532919566 uri: /reference/dd5b893d-4462-4bb3-9205-67b532919566 - attrs: Abstract: 'Increasing crop productivity to meet burgeoning human food demand is challenging under changing environmental conditions. Since industrial revolution atmospheric CO2 levels have linearly increased. Developing crop varieties with increased utilisation of CO2 for photosynthesis is an urgent requirement to cope with the irreversible rise of atmospheric CO2 and achieve higher food production. The primary effects of elevated CO2 levels in most crop plants, particularly C3 plants include increased biomass accumulation, although initial stimulation of net photosynthesis rate is only temporal and plants fail to sustain the maximal stimulation, a phenomenon known as photosynthesis acclimation. Despite this acclimation, grain yield is known to marginally increase under elevated CO2. The yield potential of C3 crops is limited by their capacity to exploit sufficient carbon. The “C fertilization” through elevated CO2 levels could potentially be used for substantial yield increase. Rubisco is the rate-limiting enzyme in photosynthesis and its activity is largely affected by atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen availability. In addition, maintenance of the C/N ratio is pivotal for various growth and development processes in plants governing yield and seed quality. For maximising the benefits of elevated CO2, raising plant nitrogen pools will be necessary as part of maintaining an optimal C/N balance. In this review, we discuss potential causes for the stagnation in yield increases under elevated CO2 levels and explore possibilities to overcome this limitation by improved photosynthetic capacity and enhanced nitrogen use efficiency. Opportunities of engineering nitrogen uptake, assimilatory, and responsive genes are also discussed that could ensure optimal nitrogen allocation towards expanding source and sink tissues. This might avert photosynthetic acclimation partially or completely and drive for improved crop production under elevated CO2 levels.' Author: 'Kant, Surya; Seneweera, Saman; Rodin, Joakim; Materne, Michael; Burch, David; Rothstein, Steven; Spangenberg, German' Author Address: 'Dr Surya Kant,Department of Primary Industries,Biosciences Research Division,Horsham,3400,VIC,Australia,surya.kant@ecodev.vic.gov.au' DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00162 Date: 2012-July-19 ISSN: 1664-462X Issue: 162 Journal: Frontiers in Plant Science Keywords: 'Photosynthesis,nitrogen use efficiency,Rubisco,Carbon,elevated CO2,yield' Language: English Short Title: Yield increase under elevated CO2 Title: 'Improving yield potential in crops under elevated CO2: Integrating the photosynthetic and nitrogen utilization efficiencies' Type of Article: Review Volume: 3 Year: 2012 _record_number: 23544 _uuid: dddac551-61df-4df8-a6a1-8d7310587e42 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3389/fpls.2012.00162 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/dddac551-61df-4df8-a6a1-8d7310587e42.yaml identifier: dddac551-61df-4df8-a6a1-8d7310587e42 uri: /reference/dddac551-61df-4df8-a6a1-8d7310587e42 - attrs: Author: 'Rippey, Bradley R.' DOI: 10.1016/j.wace.2015.10.004 Date: 2015/12/01/ ISSN: 2212-0947 Journal: Weather and Climate Extremes Pages: 57-64 Title: The U.S. drought of 2012 Volume: 10 Year: 2015 _record_number: 25538 _uuid: de3f6494-516c-4357-b76e-807036798fa1 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.wace.2015.10.004 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/de3f6494-516c-4357-b76e-807036798fa1.yaml identifier: de3f6494-516c-4357-b76e-807036798fa1 uri: /reference/de3f6494-516c-4357-b76e-807036798fa1 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Heisey, Paul W.; Day Rubenstein, Kelly' Institution: 'U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service' Pages: 29 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Series Volume: Economic Information Bulletin No. EIB-139 Title: 'Using Crop Genetic Resources to Help Agriculture Adapt to Climate Change: Economics and Policy' URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=43963 Year: 2015 _record_number: 23617 _uuid: dee2c200-9809-46a1-b9b1-566915578c94 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/using-crop-genetic-resources-help-agriculture-adapt-climate-change-economics-policy href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/dee2c200-9809-46a1-b9b1-566915578c94.yaml identifier: dee2c200-9809-46a1-b9b1-566915578c94 uri: /reference/dee2c200-9809-46a1-b9b1-566915578c94 - attrs: Abstract: 'Continuing population and consumption growth will mean that the global demand for food will increase for at least another 40 years. Growing competition for land, water, and energy, in addition to the overexploitation of fisheries, will affect our ability to produce food, as will the urgent requirement to reduce the impact of the food system on the environment. The effects of climate change are a further threat. But the world can produce more food and can ensure that it is used more efficiently and equitably. A multifaceted and linked global strategy is needed to ensure sustainable and equitable food security, different components of which are explored here.%U ; http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/327/5967/812.full.pdf' Author: 'Godfray, H. Charles J.; Beddington, John R.; Crute, Ian R.; Haddad, Lawrence; Lawrence, David; Muir, James F.; Pretty, Jules; Robinson, Sherman; Thomas, Sandy M.; Toulmin, Camilla' DOI: 10.1126/science.1185383 Issue: 5967 Journal: Science Pages: 812-818 Title: 'Food security: The challenge of feeding 9 billion people' Volume: 327 Year: 2010 _record_number: 23250 _uuid: e10a0595-486e-43e0-813d-7e9aa1852dc3 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.1185383 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e10a0595-486e-43e0-813d-7e9aa1852dc3.yaml identifier: e10a0595-486e-43e0-813d-7e9aa1852dc3 uri: /reference/e10a0595-486e-43e0-813d-7e9aa1852dc3 - attrs: Abstract: 'Beginning in the mid-1990s, re-eutrophication has reemerged as severe problems in Lake Erie. Controlling non-point source (NPS) nutrient pollution from cropland, especially dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), is the key to restore water quality in Lake Erie. To address NPS pollution, previous studies have analyzed the effectiveness of alternative spatially optimal land use and management strategies (represented as agricultural conservation practices (CPs)). However, few studies considered both strategies and have analyzed and compared their sensitivity to expected changes in temperature and precipitation due to climate change and increased greenhouse gas concentrations. In this study, we evaluated impacts of climatic change on the economic efficiency of these strategies for DRP abatement, using an integrated modeling approach that includes a watershed model, an economic valuation component, and a spatial optimization model. A series of climate projections representing relatively high greenhouse gas emission scenarios was developed for the western Lake Erie basin to drive the watershed model. We found that performance of solutions optimized for current climate was degraded significantly under projected future climate conditions. In terms of robustness of individual strategies, CPs alone were more robust to climate change than land use change alone or together with CPs, but relying on CPs alone fails to achieve a high (> 71%) DRP reduction target. A combination of CPs and land use changes was required to achieve policy goals for DRP reductions (targeted at ~ 78%). Our results point to the need for future spatial optimization studies and planning to consider adaptive capacity of conservation actions under a changing climate.' Author: 'Xu, Hui; Brown, Daniel G.; Steiner, Allison L.' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-018-2159-5 Date: April 01 ISSN: 1573-1480 Issue: 3 Journal: Climatic Change Pages: 647-662 Title: Sensitivity to climate change of land use and management patterns optimized for efficient mitigation of nutrient pollution Type of Article: journal article Volume: 147 Year: 2018 _record_number: 25530 _uuid: e20dc41d-7a9d-4b84-ab51-a232623221d5 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-018-2159-5 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e20dc41d-7a9d-4b84-ab51-a232623221d5.yaml identifier: e20dc41d-7a9d-4b84-ab51-a232623221d5 uri: /reference/e20dc41d-7a9d-4b84-ab51-a232623221d5 - attrs: Abstract: 'Projected longer-term droughts and intense floods underscore the need to store more water to manage climate extremes. Here we show how depleted aquifers have been used to store water by substituting surface water use for groundwater pumpage (conjunctive use, CU) or recharging groundwater with surface water (managed aquifer recharge, MAR). Unique multi-decadal monitoring from thousands of wells and regional modeling datasets for the California Central Valley and central Arizona were used to assess CU and MAR. In addition to natural reservoir capacity related to deep water tables, historical groundwater depletion further expanded aquifer storage by ∼44 km 3 in the Central Valley and by ∼100 km 3 in Arizona, similar to or exceeding current surface reservoir capacity by up to three times. Local river water and imported surface water, transported through 100s of km of canals, is substituted for groundwater (≤15 km 3 yr −1 , CU) or is used to recharge groundwater (MAR, ≤1.5 km 3 yr −1 ) during wet years shifting to mostly groundwater pumpage during droughts. In the Central Valley, CU and MAR locally reversed historically declining water-level trends, which contrasts with simulated net regional groundwater depletion. In Arizona, CU and MAR also reversed historically declining groundwater level trends in active management areas. These rising trends contrast with current declining trends in irrigated areas that lack access to surface water to support CU or MAR. Use of depleted aquifers as reservoirs could expand with winter flood irrigation or capturing flood discharges to the Pacific (0–1.6 km 3 yr −1 , 2000–2014) with additional infrastructure in California. Because flexibility and expanded portfolio options translate to resilience, CU and MAR enhance drought resilience through multi-year storage, complementing shorter term surface reservoir storage, and facilitating water markets.' Author: 'Scanlon, Bridget R. ; Robert C. Reedy; Claudia C. Faunt; Donald Pool; Kristine Uhlman' DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/049501 ISSN: 1748-9326 Issue: 3 Journal: Environmental Research Letters Pages: 035013 Title: Enhancing drought resilience with conjunctive use and managed aquifer recharge in California and Arizona Volume: 11 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23575 _uuid: e2b33f9a-962b-4d41-a8ca-c92790732692 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/049501 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e2b33f9a-962b-4d41-a8ca-c92790732692.yaml identifier: e2b33f9a-962b-4d41-a8ca-c92790732692 uri: /reference/e2b33f9a-962b-4d41-a8ca-c92790732692 - attrs: Abstract: 'Surface freshwaters—lakes, reservoirs, and rivers—are among the most extensively altered ecosystems on Earth. Transformations include changes in the morphology of rivers and lakes, hydrology, biogeochemistry of nutrients and toxic substances, ecosystem metabolism and the storage of carbon (C), loss of native species, expansion of invasive species, and disease emergence. Drivers are climate change, hydrologic flow modification, land-use change, chemical inputs, aquatic invasive species, and harvest. Drivers and responses interact, and their relationships must be disentangled to understand the causes and consequences of change as well as the correctives for adverse change in any given watershed. Beyond its importance in terms of drinking water, freshwater supports human well-being in many ways related to food and fiber production, hydration of other ecosystems used by humans, dilution and degradation of pollutants, and cultural values. A natural capital framework can be used to assess freshwater ecosystem services, competing uses for freshwaters, and the processes that underpin the long-term maintenance of freshwaters. Upper limits for human consumption of freshwaters have been proposed, and consumptive use may approach these limits by the mid-century.' Author: 'Carpenter, Stephen R.; Emily H. Stanley; M. Jake Vander Zanden' DOI: 10.1146/annurev-environ-021810-094524 Issue: 1 Journal: Annual Review of Environment and Resources Keywords: 'aquatic invasive species,climate change,ecosystem services,freshwater biogeochemistry,land-use change,natural capital' Pages: 75-99 Title: "State of the world's freshwater ecosystems: Physical, chemical, and biological changes" Volume: 36 Year: 2011 _record_number: 25589 _uuid: e38a1ed7-258f-4b0e-8dae-bb5e65766bde reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1146/annurev-environ-021810-094524 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e38a1ed7-258f-4b0e-8dae-bb5e65766bde.yaml identifier: e38a1ed7-258f-4b0e-8dae-bb5e65766bde uri: /reference/e38a1ed7-258f-4b0e-8dae-bb5e65766bde