--- - attrs: Abstract: 'Soil erosion by water impacts soil organic carbon stocks and alters CO2 fluxes exchanged with the atmosphere. The role of erosion as a net sink or source of atmospheric CO2 remains highly debated, and little information is available at scales larger than small catchments or regions. This study attempts to quantify the lateral transport of soil carbon and consequent land−atmosphere CO2 fluxes at the scale of China, where severe erosion has occurred for several decades. Based on the distribution of soil erosion rates derived from detailed national surveys and soil carbon inventories, here we show that water erosion in China displaced 180 ± 80 Mt C⋅y−1 of soil organic carbon during the last two decades, and this resulted a net land sink for atmospheric CO2 of 45 ± 25 Mt C⋅y−1, equivalent to 8–37% of the terrestrial carbon sink previously assessed in China. Interestingly, the “hotspots,” largely distributed in mountainous regions in the most intensive sink areas (>40 g C⋅m−2⋅y−1), occupy only 1.5% of the total area suffering water erosion, but contribute 19.3% to the national erosion-induced CO2 sink. The erosion-induced CO2 sink underwent a remarkable reduction of about 16% from the middle 1990s to the early 2010s, due to diminishing erosion after the implementation of large-scale soil conservation programs. These findings demonstrate the necessity of including erosion-induced CO2 in the terrestrial budget, hence reducing the level of uncertainty.' Author: 'Yue, Yao; Ni, Jinren; Ciais, Philippe; Piao, Shilong; Wang, Tao; Huang, Mengtian; Borthwick, Alistair G. L.; Li, Tianhong; Wang, Yichu; Chappell, Adrian; Van Oost, Kristof' DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1523358113 Date: 'June 14, 2016' Issue: 24 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pages: 6617-6622 Title: Lateral transport of soil carbon and land−atmosphere CO2 flux induced by water erosion in China Volume: 113 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23593 _uuid: ed762c10-332f-4763-8a0a-91b46858ff13 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1523358113 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ed762c10-332f-4763-8a0a-91b46858ff13.yaml identifier: ed762c10-332f-4763-8a0a-91b46858ff13 uri: /reference/ed762c10-332f-4763-8a0a-91b46858ff13 - attrs: Author: 'St-Pierre, N. R.; Cobanov, B.; Schnitkey, G.' DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)74040-5 ISSN: 0022-0302 Journal: Journal of Dairy Science Pages: E52-E77 Publisher: Elsevier Title: Economic losses from heat stress by US livestock industries Volume: 86 Year: 2003 _record_number: 21228 _uuid: ef0e1901-7533-4af4-b3b8-840a78ca4a49 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)74040-5 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ef0e1901-7533-4af4-b3b8-840a78ca4a49.yaml identifier: ef0e1901-7533-4af4-b3b8-840a78ca4a49 uri: /reference/ef0e1901-7533-4af4-b3b8-840a78ca4a49 - attrs: Abstract: 'Heat waves and drought are often considered the most damaging climatic stressors for wheat. In this study, we characterize and attribute the effects of these climate extremes on wheat yield anomalies (at global and national scales) from 1980 to 2010. Using a combination of up-to-date heat wave and drought indexes (the latter capturing both excessively dry and wet conditions), we have developed a composite indicator that is able to capture the spatio-temporal characteristics of the underlying physical processes in the different agro-climatic regions of the world. At the global level, our diagnostic explains a significant portion (more than 40%) of the inter-annual production variability. By quantifying the contribution of national yield anomalies to global fluctuations, we have found that just two concurrent yield anomalies affecting the larger producers of the world could be responsible for more than half of the global annual fluctuations. The relative importance of heat stress and drought in determining the yield anomalies depends on the region. Moreover, in contrast to common perception, water excess affects wheat production more than drought in several countries. We have also performed the same analysis at the subnational level for France, which is the largest wheat producer of the European Union, and home to a range of climatic zones. Large subnational variability of inter-annual wheat yield is mostly captured by the heat and water stress indicators, consistently with the country-level result.' Author: 'Zampieri, M.; A. Ceglar; F. Dentener; A. Toreti' DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/aa723b ISSN: 1748-9326 Issue: 6 Journal: Environmental Research Letters Pages: 064008 Title: 'Wheat yield loss attributable to heat waves, drought and water excess at the global, national and subnational scales' Volume: 12 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23594 _uuid: ef5c89cd-6488-4966-837e-3b22af71145c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1088/1748-9326/aa723b href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ef5c89cd-6488-4966-837e-3b22af71145c.yaml identifier: ef5c89cd-6488-4966-837e-3b22af71145c uri: /reference/ef5c89cd-6488-4966-837e-3b22af71145c - attrs: Abstract: 'The recent intensification of agriculture, and the prospects of future intensification, will have major detrimental impacts on the nonagricultural terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of the world. The doubling of agricultural food production during the past 35 years was associated with a 6.87-fold increase in nitrogen fertilization, a 3.48-fold increase in phosphorus fertilization, a 1.68-fold increase in the amount of irrigated cropland, and a 1.1-fold increase in land in cultivation. Based on a simple linear extension of past trends, the anticipated next doubling of global food production would be associated with approximately 3-fold increases in nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization rates, a doubling of the irrigated land area, and an 18% increase in cropland. These projected changes would have dramatic impacts on the diversity, composition, and functioning of the remaining natural ecosystems of the world, and on their ability to provide society with a variety of essential ecosystem services. The largest impacts would be on freshwater and marine ecosystems, which would be greatly eutrophied by high rates of nitrogen and phosphorus release from agricultural fields. Aquatic nutrient eutrophication can lead to loss of biodiversity, outbreaks of nuisance species, shifts in the structure of food chains, and impairment of fisheries. Because of aerial redistribution of various forms of nitrogen, agricultural intensification also would eutrophy many natural terrestrial ecosystems and contribute to atmospheric accumulation of greenhouse gases. These detrimental environmental impacts of agriculture can be minimized only if there is much more efficient use and recycling of nitrogen and phosphorus in agroecosystems.' Author: 'Tilman, David' DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.11.5995 Date: 'May 25, 1999' Issue: 11 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pages: 5995-6000 Title: 'Global environmental impacts of agricultural expansion: The need for sustainable and efficient practices' Volume: 96 Year: 1999 _record_number: 23585 _uuid: f0314b87-6077-4403-9f68-311c6575065e reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.96.11.5995 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f0314b87-6077-4403-9f68-311c6575065e.yaml identifier: f0314b87-6077-4403-9f68-311c6575065e uri: /reference/f0314b87-6077-4403-9f68-311c6575065e - attrs: Author: 'Hatfield, Jerry L.; Walthall, Charles L.' DOI: 10.2134/agronj15.0076 Issue: 4 Journal: Agronomy Journal Language: English Pages: 1215-1226 Title: 'Meeting global food needs: Realizing the potential via genetics × environment × management interactions' Volume: 107 Year: 2015 _record_number: 23529 _uuid: f18627cb-ee60-4ef2-b1d9-9a20af4e98cc reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.2134/agronj15.0076 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f18627cb-ee60-4ef2-b1d9-9a20af4e98cc.yaml identifier: f18627cb-ee60-4ef2-b1d9-9a20af4e98cc uri: /reference/f18627cb-ee60-4ef2-b1d9-9a20af4e98cc - attrs: Author: 'Sharpley, Andrew' DOI: '10.1590/0103-9016-2015-0107 ' ISSN: 0103-9016 Journal: Scientia Agricola Pages: 1-8 Title: Managing agricultural phosphorus to minimize water quality impacts Volume: 73 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23577 _uuid: f1f7eed1-45e4-4257-a919-393ddd609c73 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1590/0103-9016-2015-0107%20%20 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f1f7eed1-45e4-4257-a919-393ddd609c73.yaml identifier: f1f7eed1-45e4-4257-a919-393ddd609c73 uri: /reference/f1f7eed1-45e4-4257-a919-393ddd609c73 - attrs: Author: 'Upton, John' Place Published: 'Princeton, NJ' Publisher: Climate Central Title of Entry: 'Breathing fire: Health is a causality of California’s climate-fueled blazes' Title of WebLog: Climate Central News URL: http://www.climatecentral.org/news/breathing-fire-california-air-quality-smoke-waves-21754 Year: 2017 _record_number: 26130 _uuid: f232d318-5e00-4b72-a71b-4ee91004e421 reftype: Blog child_publication: /webpage/8c00249d-3e2a-414d-96b1-d42d013cf56d href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f232d318-5e00-4b72-a71b-4ee91004e421.yaml identifier: f232d318-5e00-4b72-a71b-4ee91004e421 uri: /reference/f232d318-5e00-4b72-a71b-4ee91004e421 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'NOAA Fisheries,' Institution: 'NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA Fisheries)' Pages: 235 Place Published: 'Silver Spring, MD' Series Volume: NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-F/SPO-163 Title: 'Fisheries Economics of the United States, 2014' URL: https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/economics/publications/feus/fisheries_economics_2014/index Year: 2016 _record_number: 24883 _uuid: f239e3b0-3a5a-4293-b54f-6027083dd6c4 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/fisheries-economics-united-states-2014 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f239e3b0-3a5a-4293-b54f-6027083dd6c4.yaml identifier: f239e3b0-3a5a-4293-b54f-6027083dd6c4 uri: /reference/f239e3b0-3a5a-4293-b54f-6027083dd6c4 - attrs: Author: 'Du, Jiabi; Shen, Jian; Park, Kyeong; Wang, Ya Ping; Yu, Xin' DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.265 Date: 2018/07/15/ ISSN: 0048-9697 Journal: Science of The Total Environment Keywords: Chesapeake Bay; Hypoxia; Physical control; Temperature; Vertical exchange; Climate Pages: 707-717 Title: Worsened physical condition due to climate change contributes to the increasing hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay Volume: 630 Year: 2018 _record_number: 25575 _uuid: f29e107f-e659-48cf-8f40-919a93bbf708 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.265 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f29e107f-e659-48cf-8f40-919a93bbf708.yaml identifier: f29e107f-e659-48cf-8f40-919a93bbf708 uri: /reference/f29e107f-e659-48cf-8f40-919a93bbf708 - attrs: Author: 'Derner, Justin D.; Stanley, Charles; Ellis, Chad' DOI: 10.1016/j.rala.2015.10.010 Date: 2016/04/01/ ISSN: 0190-0528 Issue: 2 Journal: Rangelands Keywords: infiltration; nutrient cycling; organic matter; productive capacity; resiliency; soil structure Notes: (Chuck) Pages: 64-67 Title: 'Usable science: Soil health' Volume: 38 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23515 _uuid: f2e6034d-169d-46c0-8b78-1eb46e73bfc8 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.rala.2015.10.010 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f2e6034d-169d-46c0-8b78-1eb46e73bfc8.yaml identifier: f2e6034d-169d-46c0-8b78-1eb46e73bfc8 uri: /reference/f2e6034d-169d-46c0-8b78-1eb46e73bfc8 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'USGCRP,' DOI: 10.7930/SOCCR2.2018 Institution: U.S. Global Change Research Program Notes: https://www.carboncyclescience.us/state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr Pages: 877 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Series Editor: 'Cavallaro, N.; G. Shrestha; R. Birdsey; M. Mayes; R. Najjar; S. Reed; P. Romero-Lankao; Z. Zhu' Title: 'Second State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR2): A Sustained Assessment Report' URL: http://carbon2018.globalchange.gov/ Year: 2018 _record_number: 24526 _uuid: f2ff4075-e1a6-4a21-9b7c-227b55f2e5c1 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/second-state-carbon-cycle-report-soccr2-sustained-assessment-report href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f2ff4075-e1a6-4a21-9b7c-227b55f2e5c1.yaml identifier: f2ff4075-e1a6-4a21-9b7c-227b55f2e5c1 uri: /reference/f2ff4075-e1a6-4a21-9b7c-227b55f2e5c1 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'EPA,' Institution: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Pages: various Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Report Number: EPA 430-P-18-001 Title: 'Inventory of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions and sinks: 1990–2016' URL: https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2018-01/documents/2018_complete_report.pdf Year: 2018 _record_number: 25217 _uuid: f3eef9f6-ac68-4d8f-85b3-7547727d5451 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-sinks-19902016 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f3eef9f6-ac68-4d8f-85b3-7547727d5451.yaml identifier: f3eef9f6-ac68-4d8f-85b3-7547727d5451 uri: /reference/f3eef9f6-ac68-4d8f-85b3-7547727d5451 - attrs: Author: 'Falco, Salvatore Di; Adinolfi, Felice; Bozzola, Martina; Capitanio, Fabian' DOI: 10.1111/1477-9552.12053 ISSN: 1477-9552 Issue: 2 Journal: Journal of Agricultural Economics Keywords: Adaptation; climate change; crop diversification; insurance; panel data Pages: 485-504 Title: Crop insurance as a strategy for adapting to climate change Volume: 65 Year: 2014 _record_number: 23519 _uuid: f4b004a8-e4ce-447b-bbd9-e543576b2086 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1111/1477-9552.12053 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f4b004a8-e4ce-447b-bbd9-e543576b2086.yaml identifier: f4b004a8-e4ce-447b-bbd9-e543576b2086 uri: /reference/f4b004a8-e4ce-447b-bbd9-e543576b2086 - attrs: Abstract: 'Abiotic stress conditions such as drought, heat, or salinity cause extensive losses to agricultural production worldwide. Progress in generating transgenic crops with enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses has nevertheless been slow. The complex field environment with its heterogenic conditions, abiotic stress combinations, and global climatic changes are but a few of the challenges facing modern agriculture. A combination of approaches will likely be needed to significantly improve the abiotic stress tolerance of crops in the field. These will include mechanistic understanding and subsequent utilization of stress response and stress acclimation networks, with careful attention to field growth conditions, extensive testing in the laboratory, greenhouse, and the field; the use of innovative approaches that take into consideration the genetic background and physiology of different crops; the use of enzymes and proteins from other organisms; and the integration of QTL mapping and other genetic and breeding tools.' Author: 'Mittler, Ron; Eduardo Blumwald' DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042809-112116 Issue: 1 Journal: Annual Review of Plant Biology Keywords: 'abiotic stress,climate change,field conditions,global warming,stress combination,stress tolerance,transgenic crops' Pages: 443-462 Title: 'Genetic engineering for modern agriculture: Challenges and perspectives' Volume: 61 Year: 2010 _record_number: 25547 _uuid: f5fbe914-a67f-46c9-bbf0-f19c021a1f68 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1146/annurev-arplant-042809-112116 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f5fbe914-a67f-46c9-bbf0-f19c021a1f68.yaml identifier: f5fbe914-a67f-46c9-bbf0-f19c021a1f68 uri: /reference/f5fbe914-a67f-46c9-bbf0-f19c021a1f68 - attrs: Author: 'Balafoutis, Athanasios; Beck, Bert; Fountas, Spyros; Vangeyte, Jurgen; Wal, Tamme; Soto, Iria; Gómez-Barbero, Manuel; Barnes, Andrew; Eory, Vera' DOI: 10.3390/su9081339 ISSN: 2071-1050 Issue: 8 Journal: Sustainability Pages: 1339 Title: 'Precision agriculture technologies positively contributing to GHG emissions mitigation, farm productivity and economics' Volume: 9 Year: 2017 _record_number: 25581 _uuid: f785a926-f97b-4728-9ef8-9a1aab5193d8 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3390/su9081339 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f785a926-f97b-4728-9ef8-9a1aab5193d8.yaml identifier: f785a926-f97b-4728-9ef8-9a1aab5193d8 uri: /reference/f785a926-f97b-4728-9ef8-9a1aab5193d8 - attrs: Author: 'Bevan, Michael W.; Uauy, Cristobal; Wulff, Brande B. H.; Zhou, Ji; Krasileva, Ksenia; Clark, Matthew D.' DOI: 10.1038/nature22011 Date: 03/15/online Journal: Nature Pages: 346-354 Publisher: 'Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.' Title: Genomic innovation for crop improvement Volume: 543 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23502 _uuid: f7f58b0c-0531-44ea-a157-7678239f62a9 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/nature22011 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f7f58b0c-0531-44ea-a157-7678239f62a9.yaml identifier: f7f58b0c-0531-44ea-a157-7678239f62a9 uri: /reference/f7f58b0c-0531-44ea-a157-7678239f62a9 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Keown, Jeffery F.; Paul J. Kononoff ; Richard J. Grant ' Institution: 'University of Nebraska–Lincoln Extension, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources' Pages: 2 Place Published: 'Lincoln, NE' Series Volume: NebGuide G1582 Title: How to Reduce Heat Stress in Dairy Cattle URL: http://extensionpublications.unl.edu/assets/pdf/g1582.pdf Year: 2016 _record_number: 23622 _uuid: fb0fc3bf-806e-416d-8285-18a993c5a653 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/how-reduce-heat-stress-dairy-cattle href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/fb0fc3bf-806e-416d-8285-18a993c5a653.yaml identifier: fb0fc3bf-806e-416d-8285-18a993c5a653 uri: /reference/fb0fc3bf-806e-416d-8285-18a993c5a653 - attrs: Author: 'Olson, Kenneth; Matthews, Jeffrey; Morton, Lois Wright; Sloan, John' DOI: 10.2489/jswc.70.1.5A Date: 'January 1, 2015' Issue: 1 Journal: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Pages: 5A-11A Title: 'Impact of levee breaches, flooding, and land scouring on soil productivity' Volume: 70 Year: 2015 _record_number: 23565 _uuid: fb1fc049-937e-4d18-8074-f4c4933a3407 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.2489/jswc.70.1.5A href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/fb1fc049-937e-4d18-8074-f4c4933a3407.yaml identifier: fb1fc049-937e-4d18-8074-f4c4933a3407 uri: /reference/fb1fc049-937e-4d18-8074-f4c4933a3407 - attrs: Author: 'Lal, Rattan' DOI: 10.2489/jswc.70.3.55A Date: 'May 1, 2015' Issue: 3 Journal: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Pages: 55A-62A Title: Sequestering carbon and increasing productivity by conservation agriculture Volume: 70 Year: 2015 _record_number: 23551 _uuid: fecb7170-32c4-498a-95c0-b374d9ce845b reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.2489/jswc.70.3.55A href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/fecb7170-32c4-498a-95c0-b374d9ce845b.yaml identifier: fecb7170-32c4-498a-95c0-b374d9ce845b uri: /reference/fecb7170-32c4-498a-95c0-b374d9ce845b - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'USDA,' Institution: U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Pages: 21 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Title: USDA Climate Change Science Plan URL: http://www.usda.gov/oce/climate_change/science_plan2010/USDA_CCSPlan_120810.pdf Year: 2010 _record_number: 23643 _uuid: ff69075c-1638-4354-88c8-58e95aec31c9 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/usda-climate-change-science-plan href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ff69075c-1638-4354-88c8-58e95aec31c9.yaml identifier: ff69075c-1638-4354-88c8-58e95aec31c9 uri: /reference/ff69075c-1638-4354-88c8-58e95aec31c9