--- - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Mann, Michael E.; Gleick, Peter H.' DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1503667112 Date: 'March 31, 2015' Issue: 13 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pages: 3858-3859 Title: Climate change and California drought in the 21st century Volume: 112 Year: 2015 _record_number: 19784 _uuid: a6768848-84dd-4d43-b3fd-83a4ea5e8c2c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1503667112 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a6768848-84dd-4d43-b3fd-83a4ea5e8c2c.yaml identifier: a6768848-84dd-4d43-b3fd-83a4ea5e8c2c uri: /reference/a6768848-84dd-4d43-b3fd-83a4ea5e8c2c - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: "Walsh, John\rWuebbles, Donald\rHayhoe, Katharine\rKossin, James\rKunkel, Kenneth\rStephens, Graeme\rThorne, Peter\rVose, Russell\rWehner, Michael\rWillis, Josh\rAnderson, David\rDoney, Scott\rFeely, Richard\rHennon, Paula\rKharin, Viatcheslav\rKnutson, Thomas\rLanderer, Felix\rLenton, Tim\rKennedy, John\rSomerville, Richard" Book Title: 'Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment' DOI: 10.7930/J0KW5CXT Editor: 'Melillo, Jerry M.; Richmond, Terese (T.C.); Yohe, Gary W.' Pages: 19-67 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program Reviewer: a6a312ba-6fd1-4006-9a60-45112db52190 Title: 'Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate' URL: http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/our-changing-climate/introduction Year: 2014 _chapter: '["Ch. 0: About this Report FINAL"]' _record_number: 4713 _uuid: a6a312ba-6fd1-4006-9a60-45112db52190 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/nca3/chapter/our-changing-climate href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a6a312ba-6fd1-4006-9a60-45112db52190.yaml identifier: a6a312ba-6fd1-4006-9a60-45112db52190 uri: /reference/a6a312ba-6fd1-4006-9a60-45112db52190 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Kassel, Kathleen; Alex Melton; Rosanna Mentzer Morrison' Institution: USDA Economic Research Service Pages: 27 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Report Number: AP-078 Title: 'Selected charts from Ag and Food Statistics: Charting the Essentials' URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/85463/ap-078.pdf?v=43025 Year: 2017 _record_number: 25555 _uuid: a72ad8b0-77de-44f6-94f6-430dacc1bd69 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/selected-charts-ag-food-statistics-charting-essentials href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a72ad8b0-77de-44f6-94f6-430dacc1bd69.yaml identifier: a72ad8b0-77de-44f6-94f6-430dacc1bd69 uri: /reference/a72ad8b0-77de-44f6-94f6-430dacc1bd69 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'State of California,' Place Published: 'Sacramento, CA' Publisher: California Department of Water Resources Title: Sustainable Groundwater Management URL: http://www.water.ca.gov/groundwater/sgm/ Year: 2016 _record_number: 23638 _uuid: a7f65acb-6a76-40fc-8d42-e90119259f42 reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/29115a9a-6f59-45ec-88d4-8e6a812f7522 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a7f65acb-6a76-40fc-8d42-e90119259f42.yaml identifier: a7f65acb-6a76-40fc-8d42-e90119259f42 uri: /reference/a7f65acb-6a76-40fc-8d42-e90119259f42 - attrs: Author: 'Díaz, Robert J.; Rosenberg, Rutger' DOI: 10.1080/07900627.2010.531379 Date: 2011/03/01 ISSN: 0790-0627 Issue: 1 Journal: International Journal of Water Resources Development Pages: 71-82 Publisher: Routledge Title: Introduction to environmental and economic consequences of hypoxia Volume: 27 Year: 2011 _record_number: 25574 _uuid: a9708eb3-aa48-4434-919d-ccac9f56ee34 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1080/07900627.2010.531379 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a9708eb3-aa48-4434-919d-ccac9f56ee34.yaml identifier: a9708eb3-aa48-4434-919d-ccac9f56ee34 uri: /reference/a9708eb3-aa48-4434-919d-ccac9f56ee34 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Baenziger, P. Stephen ; Rita Mumm; Rex Bernardo; E. Charles Brummer; Peter Langridge; Philipp Simon; Stephen Smith' Institution: Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST) Pages: 24 Place Published: 'Ames, IA' Series Volume: CAST Issue Paper 57 Title: Plant Breeding and Genetics. A Paper in the Series on The Need for Agricultural Innovation to Sustainably Feed the World by 2050 URL: http://www.cast-science.org/publications/?plant_breeding_and_genetics&show=product&productID=284583 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23602 _uuid: aa176a1e-7be0-4a50-9099-3656f2bb7d42 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/plant-breeding-genetics-paper-series-on-need-agricultural-innovation-sustainably-feed-world-by-2050 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/aa176a1e-7be0-4a50-9099-3656f2bb7d42.yaml identifier: aa176a1e-7be0-4a50-9099-3656f2bb7d42 uri: /reference/aa176a1e-7be0-4a50-9099-3656f2bb7d42 - attrs: Abstract: 'The standard US diet contributes to greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) from both the food system, and from the health system through its contribution to non-communicable diseases. To estimate the potential for diet change to reduce GHGE and improve public health, we analyzed the effect of adopting healthier model diets in the USA on the risk of disease, health care costs, and GHGE. We found that adoption of healthier diets reduced the relative risk of coronary heart disease, colorectal cancer, and type 2 diabetes by 20–45%, US health care costs by US$B 77–93 per year, and direct GHGE by 222–826 kg CO2e capita−1 year−1 (69–84 kg from the health care system, 153–742 kg from the food system). Emission reductions were equivalent to 6–23% of the US Climate Action Plan’s target of a 17% reduction in 2005 GHGE by 2020, and 24–134% of California’s target of 1990 GHGE levels by 2020. However, there is potential for investment of health care savings to result in rebound up to and greater than 100%, which would increase net GHGE. Given the urgency of improving public health and of mitigating GHGE over the short term, the potential contribution of diet change, and the options for reducing rebound, deserve more research in support of policy.' Author: 'Hallström, Elinor; Gee, Quentin; Scarborough, Peter; Cleveland, David A.' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-017-1912-5 Date: May 01 ISSN: 1573-1480 Issue: 1 Journal: Climatic Change Pages: 199-212 Title: A healthier US diet could reduce greenhouse gas emissions from both the food and health care systems Type of Article: journal article Volume: 142 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23526 _uuid: aa5c6ab0-74a3-40c4-83a3-0093480b9603 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-017-1912-5 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/aa5c6ab0-74a3-40c4-83a3-0093480b9603.yaml identifier: aa5c6ab0-74a3-40c4-83a3-0093480b9603 uri: /reference/aa5c6ab0-74a3-40c4-83a3-0093480b9603 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Key, Nigel; Stacy Sneeringer; David Marquardt' Institution: USDA Economic Research Service Pages: 45 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Series Volume: Economic Research Report No. ERR-175 Title: 'Climate Change, Heat Stress, and U.S. Dairy Production' URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=45282 Year: 2014 _record_number: 23623 _uuid: aa7e61cd-e4b5-47d8-96eb-6ef0dfc4e2ae reftype: Report child_publication: /report/climate-change-heat-stress-us-dairy-production href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/aa7e61cd-e4b5-47d8-96eb-6ef0dfc4e2ae.yaml identifier: aa7e61cd-e4b5-47d8-96eb-6ef0dfc4e2ae uri: /reference/aa7e61cd-e4b5-47d8-96eb-6ef0dfc4e2ae - attrs: Author: 'Bendtsen, Jørgen; Hansen, Jørgen L. S.' DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.06.018 Date: 2013/08/24/ ISSN: 0304-3800 Journal: Ecological Modelling Keywords: Hypoxia; Climate change; Baltic Sea; Respiration Pages: 17-26 Title: Effects of global warming on hypoxia in the Baltic Sea–North Sea transition zone Volume: 264 Year: 2013 _record_number: 25582 _uuid: aae8660c-5f72-48ba-8a3d-072119541f3e reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.06.018 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/aae8660c-5f72-48ba-8a3d-072119541f3e.yaml identifier: aae8660c-5f72-48ba-8a3d-072119541f3e uri: /reference/aae8660c-5f72-48ba-8a3d-072119541f3e - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Coleman-Jensen, Alisha; Matthew P. Rabbitt; Christian A. Gregory; Anita Singh' Institution: 'U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service' Pages: 36 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Series Volume: Economic Research Report (ERR) 215 Title: Household Food Security in the United States in 2015 URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=79760 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23600 _uuid: abcd2b28-87f9-499e-9be5-736d6208d3c2 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/household-food-security-united-states-2015 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/abcd2b28-87f9-499e-9be5-736d6208d3c2.yaml identifier: abcd2b28-87f9-499e-9be5-736d6208d3c2 uri: /reference/abcd2b28-87f9-499e-9be5-736d6208d3c2 - attrs: Abstract: 'Increasing global temperatures are likely to have major impacts on agriculture, but the effects will vary by crop and location. This paper describes the temperature sensitivity and exposure of selected specialty crops in California. We used literature synthesis to create several sensitivity indices (from 1 to 4) to changes in winter minimum and summer maximum temperature for the top 14 specialty crops. To estimate exposure, we used seasonal period change analysis of mid-century minimum and maximum temperature changes downscaled to county level from CMIP5 models. We described crop vulnerability on a county basis as (crop sensitivity index × county climate exposure × area of crop in county); individual crop vulnerabilities were combined to create an aggregate index of specialty crop vulnerability by county. We also conducted analyses scaled by crop value rather than area, and normalized to total specialty crop area in each county. Our analyses yielded a spatial assessment highlighting seasons and counties of highest vulnerability. Winter and summer vulnerability are correlated, but not highly so. High-producing counties (e.g., Fresno County in the San Joaquin Valley) are the most vulnerable in absolute terms, while northern Sacramento Valley counties are the most vulnerable in relative terms, due to their reliance on heat-sensitive perennial crops. Our results illustrate the importance of examining crop vulnerability from different angles. More physiological and economic research is needed to build a comprehensive picture of specialty crop vulnerability to climate change.' Author: 'Kerr, Amber; Dialesandro, Jake; Steenwerth, Kerri; Lopez-Brody, Nathan; Elias, Emile' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-017-2011-3 Date: September 07 ISSN: 1573-1480 Journal: Climatic Change Title: Vulnerability of California specialty crops to projected mid-century temperature changes Type of Article: journal article Year: 2017 _record_number: 23546 _uuid: ac8bff56-32ec-4f48-b5f1-3afa3c26a9ac reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-017-2011-3 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ac8bff56-32ec-4f48-b5f1-3afa3c26a9ac.yaml identifier: ac8bff56-32ec-4f48-b5f1-3afa3c26a9ac uri: /reference/ac8bff56-32ec-4f48-b5f1-3afa3c26a9ac - attrs: Author: 'Lipper, Leslie; Thornton, Philip; Campbell, Bruce M.; Baedeker, Tobias; Braimoh, Ademola; Bwalya, Martin; Caron, Patrick; Cattaneo, Andrea; Garrity, Dennis; Henry, Kevin; Hottle, Ryan; Jackson, Louise; Jarvis, Andrew; Kossam, Fred; Mann, Wendy; McCarthy, Nancy; Meybeck, Alexandre; Neufeldt, Henry; Remington, Tom; Sen, Pham Thi; Sessa, Reuben; Shula, Reynolds; Tibu, Austin; Torquebiau, Emmanuel F.' DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2437 Date: 11/26/online Journal: Nature Climate Change Pages: 1068-1072 Publisher: 'Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.' Title: Climate-smart agriculture for food security Type of Article: Perspective Volume: 4 Year: 2014 _record_number: 25550 _uuid: ade0fd0f-df65-4c10-80f5-90495292f78e reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/nclimate2437 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ade0fd0f-df65-4c10-80f5-90495292f78e.yaml identifier: ade0fd0f-df65-4c10-80f5-90495292f78e uri: /reference/ade0fd0f-df65-4c10-80f5-90495292f78e - attrs: Author: 'Mase, Amber Saylor; Gramig, Benjamin M.; Prokopy, Linda Stalker' DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2016.11.004 Date: 2017/01/01/ ISSN: 2212-0963 Journal: Climate Risk Management Keywords: Agriculture; Risk management; Climate change; Adaptation behavior Pages: 8-17 Title: 'Climate change beliefs, risk perceptions, and adaptation behavior among midwestern U.S. crop farmers' Volume: 15 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23560 _uuid: b10f4c0c-db8c-4f4b-b9ad-85a3a59fb95e reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.crm.2016.11.004 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b10f4c0c-db8c-4f4b-b9ad-85a3a59fb95e.yaml identifier: b10f4c0c-db8c-4f4b-b9ad-85a3a59fb95e uri: /reference/b10f4c0c-db8c-4f4b-b9ad-85a3a59fb95e - attrs: Abstract: 'The states of Colorado, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming comprise the Northern Great Plains region of the USA. The soil and water resources contained in this region have historically supported highly diverse and productive agriculture enterprises that provide a significant proportion of the food, feed, and oilseed for the nation. The region also provides ecological services that influence air, water, and soil quality along with biological diversity. Combined with livestock production and a biofuel industry, crop production forms an integrated system that can offer producers flexibility in management decisions. Projected climatic changes for this region include increasing atmospheric CO2, a longer, warmer growing season, and increased precipitation, likely received in more frequent extreme events. These changes will impact soil and water resources in the region and create opportunities and challenges for land managers. The objectives of this paper are to describe anticipated impacts of projected mid-(2050) and late-(2085) climatic changes on crop production systems in the Northern Great Plains and provide adaptation strategies that should be developed to take advantage of positive and mitigate negative changes. Projected climatic changes will influence agricultural productivity directly as well as indirectly due to changes in weed pressure, insect populations, and diseases. A warmer, longer growing season will change the crops and distribution of those crops grown within the region. An increase in the number of extreme temperature events (high daytime highs or nighttime lows) will decrease crop yields due to increased plant stress during critical pollination and grain fill periods. Adaptation strategies to reduce vulnerability of soil and water resources to projected climatic changes include increasing cropping intensity, reducing tillage intensity, and use of cover crops to provide surface cover to reduce erosion potential and improve nutrient and water use efficiency. Increased use of perennial forages, crop residue, and failed crops in integrated crop-livestock systems will add biological diversity and provide options for converting vegetation biomass into animal protein. Socio-economic changes will need to be incorporated into adaptation strategies planning to insure that sustaining ecosystem services and meeting desired production and conservation goals is accomplished. Education and extension services will be needed to transfer adaptive knowledge in a timely manner to producers in the field.' Author: 'Wienhold, Brian J.; Vigil, Merle F.; Hendrickson, John R.; Derner, Justin D.' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-017-1989-x Date: May 23 ISSN: 1573-1480 Journal: Climatic Change Title: Vulnerability of crops and croplands in the US Northern Plains to predicted climate change Type of Article: journal article Year: 2017 _record_number: 21604 _uuid: b1cbd298-7ce4-4106-a802-f8de95517c97 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-017-1989-x href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b1cbd298-7ce4-4106-a802-f8de95517c97.yaml identifier: b1cbd298-7ce4-4106-a802-f8de95517c97 uri: /reference/b1cbd298-7ce4-4106-a802-f8de95517c97 - attrs: Abstract: 'This paper addresses temporal variability in bottom hypoxia in broad shallow areas of Mobile Bay, Alabama. Time-series data collected in the summer of 2004 from one station (mean depth of 4 m) exhibit bottom dissolved oxygen (DO) variations associated with various time scales of hours to days. Despite a large velocity shear, stratification was strong enough to suppress vertical mixing most of the time. Bottom DO was closely related to the vertical salinity gradient (ΔS). Hypoxia seldom occurred when ΔS (over 2.5 m) was <2 psu and occurred almost all the time when ΔS was >8 psu in the absence of extreme events like hurricanes. Oxygen balance between vertical mixing and total oxygen demand was considered for bottom water from which oxygen demand and diffusive oxygen flux were estimated. The estimated decay rates at 20°C ranging between 0.175–0.322 d−1 and the corresponding oxygen consumption as large as 7.4 g O2 m−2 d−1 fall at the upper limit of previously reported ranges. The diffusive oxygen flux and the corresponding vertical diffusivity estimated for well mixed conditions range between 8.6–9.5 g O2 m−2 d−1 and 2.6–2.9 m2 d−1, respectively. Mobile Bay hypoxia is likely to be associated with a large oxygen demand, supported by both water column and sediment oxygen demands, so that oxygen supply from surface water during destratification events would be quickly exhausted to return to hypoxic conditions within a few hours to days after destratification events are terminated.' Author: 'Park, Kyeong; Kim, Choong-Ki; Schroeder, William W.' DOI: 10.1007/bf02782967 Date: February 01 ISSN: 1559-2731 Issue: 1 Journal: Estuaries and Coasts Pages: 54-65 Title: 'Temporal variability in summertime bottom hypoxia in shallow areas of Mobile Bay, Alabama' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 30 Year: 2007 _record_number: 25540 _uuid: b3494553-a54b-400c-b1ad-6a114e3984a9 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/bf02782967 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b3494553-a54b-400c-b1ad-6a114e3984a9.yaml identifier: b3494553-a54b-400c-b1ad-6a114e3984a9 uri: /reference/b3494553-a54b-400c-b1ad-6a114e3984a9 - attrs: Author: 'Bebber, Daniel P.; Ramotowski, Mark A. T.; Gurr, Sarah J.' DOI: 10.1038/nclimate1990 Date: 11//print ISSN: 1758-678X Issue: 11 Journal: Nature Climate Change Pages: 985-988 Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Title: Crop pests and pathogens move polewards in a warming world Type of Article: Letter Volume: 3 Year: 2013 _record_number: 21157 _uuid: b3855765-38da-4fd9-8288-874a43b16607 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/nclimate1990 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b3855765-38da-4fd9-8288-874a43b16607.yaml identifier: b3855765-38da-4fd9-8288-874a43b16607 uri: /reference/b3855765-38da-4fd9-8288-874a43b16607 - attrs: Abstract: 'The Ogallala Aquifer Program (OAP) was created in 2003 with support from Congressmen from Kansas and Texas. The OAP is a research‐education consortium seeking solutions from problems arising from declining water availability from the Ogallala Aquifer in western Kansas and the Texas High Plains. The consortium is led by the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) laboratories in Bushland and Lubbock, TX, and the university partners are Kansas State University, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Service, Texas Tech University, and West Texas A&M University. The OAP has provided over $40 million to support research and education activities. About half of these funds were used to support permanent ARS scientists and ARS hired post‐docs. The other half were used by university scientists to supplement on‐going projects by providing support for supplies, sample analyses, temporary employees, etc. Initially, OAP activities were focused on seven priorities. In 2013, four objectives replaced the original seven priorities. A fifth priority was added in 2017. The current objectives are: 1) Develop and evaluate water management strategies and technologies that could reduce water withdrawals for irrigation by 20% in 2020 compared to 2012; 2) Develop and evaluate management strategies and technologies that would increase the productivity and profitability of dryland cropping systems; 3) Improve the understanding of hydrological and climatic factors that affect water use and agricultural profitability; 4) Determine the impacts of alternative water withdrawal/use policies on the economic viability of the agriculture industry of the Southern Ogallala Aquifer Region; and 5) Develop best management practices for production of high value and alternative crops for both dryland and irrigated systems. The objectives of the program and distribution of resources are decided by an executive committee with a member from each of the four universities, two from ARS, one from Bushland, and the other from Lubbock. Proposed projects that utilize resources from more than one participating institution, leverage existing resources, and address the stated objectives are more likely to be provided support. The impact of the OAP on research directed at agriculture on the High Plains has been recognized by three prestigious awards.' Author: 'Brauer, David; Devlin, Dan; Wagner, Kevin; Ballou, Mike; Hawkins, Dean; Lascano, Robert' DOI: 10.1111/j.1936-704X.2017.03256.x Issue: 1 Journal: Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education Pages: 4-17 Title: 'Ogallala Aquifer Program: A catalyst for research and education to sustain the Ogallala Aquifer on the Southern High Plains (2003–2017)' Volume: 162 Year: 2017 _record_number: 25586 _uuid: b393353a-50d4-4e31-ade9-8d1dda1599c4 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2017.03256.x href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b393353a-50d4-4e31-ade9-8d1dda1599c4.yaml identifier: b393353a-50d4-4e31-ade9-8d1dda1599c4 uri: /reference/b393353a-50d4-4e31-ade9-8d1dda1599c4 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'IJC,' Institution: International Joint Commission (IJC) Notes: 'ISBN: 978-1-927336-07-6' Pages: 96 Place Published: 'Washington, DC, and Ottowa, ON' Title: 'A balanced diet for Lake Erie: Reducing phosphorus loadings and harmful algal blooms' URL: http://www.ijc.org/files/publications/2014%20IJC%20LEEP%20REPORT.pdf Year: 2014 _record_number: 25561 _uuid: b5e71c98-ce5e-4949-babf-7c2dad78fb04 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/balanced-diet-lake-erie-reducing-phosphorus-loadings-harmful-algal-blooms href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b5e71c98-ce5e-4949-babf-7c2dad78fb04.yaml identifier: b5e71c98-ce5e-4949-babf-7c2dad78fb04 uri: /reference/b5e71c98-ce5e-4949-babf-7c2dad78fb04 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'Rising atmospheric CO2 will make Earth warmer, and many studies have inferred that this warming will cause droughts to become more widespread and severe. However, rising atmospheric CO2 also modifies stomatal conductance and plant water use, processes that are often are overlooked in impact analysis. We find that plant physiological responses to CO2 reduce predictions of future drought stress, and that this reduction is captured by using plant-centric rather than atmosphere-centric metrics from Earth system models (ESMs). The atmosphere-centric Palmer Drought Severity Index predicts future increases in drought stress for more than 70% of global land area. This area drops to 37% with the use of precipitation minus evapotranspiration (P-E), a measure that represents the water flux available to downstream ecosystems and humans. The two metrics yield consistent estimates of increasing stress in regions where precipitation decreases are more robust (southern North America, northeastern South America, and southern Europe). The metrics produce diverging estimates elsewhere, with P-E predicting decreasing stress across temperate Asia and central Africa. The differing sensitivity of drought metrics to radiative and physiological aspects of increasing CO2 partly explains the divergent estimates of future drought reported in recent studies. Further, use of ESM output in offline models may double-count plant feedbacks on relative humidity and other surface variables, leading to overestimates of future stress. The use of drought metrics that account for the response of plant transpiration to changing CO2, including direct use of P-E and soil moisture from ESMs, is needed to reduce uncertainties in future assessment.' Author: 'Swann, Abigail L. S.; Hoffman, Forrest M.; Koven, Charles D.; Randerson, James T.' DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1604581113 Date: 'September 6, 2016' Issue: 36 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pages: 10019-10024 Title: Plant responses to increasing CO2 reduce estimates of climate impacts on drought severity Volume: 113 Year: 2016 _record_number: 21010 _uuid: b673e746-6eca-4b77-8a62-e1ae9ed6380a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1604581113 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b673e746-6eca-4b77-8a62-e1ae9ed6380a.yaml identifier: b673e746-6eca-4b77-8a62-e1ae9ed6380a uri: /reference/b673e746-6eca-4b77-8a62-e1ae9ed6380a - attrs: Author: 'Hu, Falong; Gan, Yantai; Cui, Hongyan; Zhao, Cai; Feng, Fuxue; Yin, Wen; Chai, Qiang' DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2015.11.019 Date: 2016/03/01/ ISSN: 1161-0301 Journal: European Journal of Agronomy Keywords: Conservation tillage; No-till; Residue management; Strip intercropping; Soil moisture; Soil respiration; C sequestration Pages: 9-17 Title: Intercropping maize and wheat with conservation agriculture principles improves water harvesting and reduces carbon emissions in dry areas Volume: 74 Year: 2016 _record_number: 25562 _uuid: b846f13b-5c19-48da-b470-46acbb146573 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.eja.2015.11.019 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b846f13b-5c19-48da-b470-46acbb146573.yaml identifier: b846f13b-5c19-48da-b470-46acbb146573 uri: /reference/b846f13b-5c19-48da-b470-46acbb146573 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'Here we present the results from an intercomparison of multiple global gridded crop models (GGCMs) within the framework of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project and the Inter-Sectoral Impacts Model Intercomparison Project. Results indicate strong negative effects of climate change, especially at higher levels of warming and at low latitudes; models that include explicit nitrogen stress project more severe impacts. Across seven GGCMs, five global climate models, and four representative concentration pathways, model agreement on direction of yield changes is found in many major agricultural regions at both low and high latitudes; however, reducing uncertainty in sign of response in mid-latitude regions remains a challenge. Uncertainties related to the representation of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and high temperature effects demonstrated here show that further research is urgently needed to better understand effects of climate change on agricultural production and to devise targeted adaptation strategies.' Author: 'Rosenzweig, Cynthia; Elliott, Joshua; Deryng, Delphine; Ruane, Alex C.; Müller, Christoph; Arneth, Almut; Boote, Kenneth J.; Folberth, Christian; Glotter, Michael; Khabarov, Nikolay; Neumann, Kathleen; Piontek, Franziska; Pugh, Thomas A. M.; Schmid, Erwin; Stehfest, Elke; Yang, Hong; Jones, James W.' DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1222463110 Date: 'March 4, 2014' Issue: 9 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pages: 3268-3273 Title: Assessing agricultural risks of climate change in the 21st century in a global gridded crop model intercomparison Volume: 111 Year: 2014 _record_number: 19789 _uuid: b84b193b-ca98-479c-b5ef-fe94e5ffd39c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1222463110 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b84b193b-ca98-479c-b5ef-fe94e5ffd39c.yaml identifier: b84b193b-ca98-479c-b5ef-fe94e5ffd39c uri: /reference/b84b193b-ca98-479c-b5ef-fe94e5ffd39c - attrs: Author: 'Auffhammer, Maximilian; Schlenker, Wolfram' DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2014.09.010 Date: 2014/11/01/ ISSN: 0140-9883 Journal: Energy Economics Keywords: Climate change; Adaptation; Integrated assessment; Reduced form studies Pages: 555-561 Title: Empirical studies on agricultural impacts and adaptation Volume: 46 Year: 2014 _record_number: 26125 _uuid: b87160f1-339b-40c3-bae3-519a3cf5c2be reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.eneco.2014.09.010 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b87160f1-339b-40c3-bae3-519a3cf5c2be.yaml identifier: b87160f1-339b-40c3-bae3-519a3cf5c2be uri: /reference/b87160f1-339b-40c3-bae3-519a3cf5c2be - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Black, H.' DOI: 10.1289/ehp.116-a390 Issue: 9 Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives Pages: A390-393 Title: 'Unnatural disaster: Human factors in the Mississippi floods' Volume: 116 Year: 2008 _chapter: '["Ch. 5: Transportation FINAL"]' _record_number: 1731 _uuid: b8d001bf-c47f-40f8-91f1-a252a46381b8 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1289/ehp.116-a390 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b8d001bf-c47f-40f8-91f1-a252a46381b8.yaml identifier: b8d001bf-c47f-40f8-91f1-a252a46381b8 uri: /reference/b8d001bf-c47f-40f8-91f1-a252a46381b8 - attrs: Abstract: 'The majority of irrigated cropland in the U.S. is watered with sprinkler irrigation systems. These systems are inherently more efficient in distributing water than furrow or flood irrigation. Appropriate system design of sprinkler irrigation equipment, application methods, and farming practices (e.g., furrow diking) enhance crop water use efficiency (WUE) by minimizing irrigation losses and improving soil water storage. For years, the paradigm for best irrigation management practices included uniform application over an entire field, even though abiotic (soils, slope, aspect, etc.) and biotic (insect pressure, plant disease) factors often cause spatial variations in water use and yield potential. However, emerging technologies such as wireless communication coupled with soil water and plant sensors, commercially available variable-rate irrigation (VRI) equipment, and the development of algorithms for computational data processing are shifting this paradigm toward variable-rate management as a means to enhance crop WUE. This article focuses on the potential of site-specific VRI management (SS-VRIM) as a tool for enhancing WUE and the challenges encountered.' Author: 'O’Shaughnessy, Susan A; Evett, Steven R.; Andrade, Alejandro; Workneh, Fekede; Price, Jacob A.; Rush, Charles M.' DOI: 10.13031/trans.59.11165 ISSN: 2151-0032 Issue: 1 Journal: Transactions of the ASABE Keywords: Irrigation management; Moving irrigation systems; Prescription maps; Sensor networks; Variable-rate irrigation. Pages: 239 Place Published: 'St. Joseph, MI' Publisher: ASABE Title: Site-specific variable-rate irrigation as a means to enhance water use efficiency Volume: 59 Year: 2016 _record_number: 25543 _uuid: b9ad6625-c741-4e59-a752-e0c5569ced9f reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.13031/trans.59.11165 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b9ad6625-c741-4e59-a752-e0c5569ced9f.yaml identifier: b9ad6625-c741-4e59-a752-e0c5569ced9f uri: /reference/b9ad6625-c741-4e59-a752-e0c5569ced9f