--- - attrs: Author: 'Paustian, Keith; Lehmann, Johannes; Ogle, Stephen; Reay, David; Robertson, G. Philip; Smith, Pete' DOI: 10.1038/nature17174 Date: 04/06/online Journal: Nature Pages: 49-57 Publisher: 'Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.' Title: Climate-smart soils Type of Article: Perspective Volume: 532 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23567 _uuid: 5e24bc5b-9bbc-4c3b-b990-bf22e3359c7f reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/nature17174 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5e24bc5b-9bbc-4c3b-b990-bf22e3359c7f.yaml identifier: 5e24bc5b-9bbc-4c3b-b990-bf22e3359c7f uri: /reference/5e24bc5b-9bbc-4c3b-b990-bf22e3359c7f - attrs: Author: 'Basso, Bruno; Kendall, Anthony D.; Hyndman, David W.' DOI: 10.1002/2013EF000107 ISSN: 2328-4277 Issue: 1 Journal: Earth's Future Keywords: Ogallala; water; sustainability; crops; 0402 Agricultural systems; 0485 Science policy; 1818 Evapotranspiration; 1842 Irrigation; 1829 Groundwater hydrology Pages: 39-41 Publisher: 'Wiley Periodicals, Inc.' Title: 'The future of agriculture over the Ogallala Aquifer: Solutions to grow crops more efficiently with limited water' Volume: 1 Year: 2013 _record_number: 23498 _uuid: 5e5f73a6-3e08-4f6f-8e36-e3eeefd225af reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/2013EF000107 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5e5f73a6-3e08-4f6f-8e36-e3eeefd225af.yaml identifier: 5e5f73a6-3e08-4f6f-8e36-e3eeefd225af uri: /reference/5e5f73a6-3e08-4f6f-8e36-e3eeefd225af - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: 'Fann, Neal; Brennan, Terry; Dolwick, Patrick; Gamble, Janet L.; Ilacqua, Vito; Kolb, Laura; Nolte, Christopher G.; Spero, Tanya L.; Ziska, Lewis' Book Title: 'The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment' DOI: 10.7930/J0GQ6VP6 Pages: 69–98 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program Title: 'Ch. 3: Air quality impacts' Year: 2016 _record_number: 19375 _uuid: 5ec155e5-8b77-438f-afa9-fbcac4d27690 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/air-quality-impacts href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5ec155e5-8b77-438f-afa9-fbcac4d27690.yaml identifier: 5ec155e5-8b77-438f-afa9-fbcac4d27690 uri: /reference/5ec155e5-8b77-438f-afa9-fbcac4d27690 - attrs: Author: 'Eyshi Rezaei, Ehsan; Webber, Heidi; Gaiser, Thomas; Naab, Jesse; Ewert, Frank' DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2014.10.003 Date: 2015/03/01/ ISSN: 1161-0301 Journal: European Journal of Agronomy Keywords: High temperature; Heat stress; Cereal yield; Climate change impact; Crop modelling Pages: 98-113 Title: 'Heat stress in cereals: Mechanisms and modelling' Volume: 64 Year: 2015 _record_number: 23518 _uuid: 5efee6e4-446c-4242-a52d-e00f09323e76 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.eja.2014.10.003 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5efee6e4-446c-4242-a52d-e00f09323e76.yaml identifier: 5efee6e4-446c-4242-a52d-e00f09323e76 uri: /reference/5efee6e4-446c-4242-a52d-e00f09323e76 - attrs: Abstract: 'In order for agricultural systems to successfully mitigate and adapt to climate change there is a need to coordinate and prioritize next steps for research and extension. This includes focusing on “win-win” management practices that simultaneously provide short-term benefits to farmers and improve the sustainability and resiliency of agricultural systems with respect to climate change. In the Northwest U.S., a collaborative process has been used to engage individuals spanning the research-practice continuum. This collaborative approach was utilized at a 2016 workshop titled “Agriculture in a Changing Climate,” that included a broad range of participants including university faculty and students, crop and livestock producers, and individuals representing state, tribal and federal government agencies, industry, nonprofit organizations, and conservation districts. The Northwest U.S. encompasses a range of agro-ecological systems and diverse geographic and climatic contexts. Regional research and science communication efforts for climate change and agriculture have a strong history of engaging diverse stakeholders. These features of the Northwest U.S. provide a foundation for the collaborative research and extension prioritization presented here. We focus on identifying research and extension actions that can be taken over the next five years in four areas identified as important areas by conference organizers and participants: (1) cropping systems, (2) livestock systems, (3) decision support systems to support consideration of climate change in agricultural management decisions; and (4) partnerships among researchers and stakeholders. We couple insights from the workshop and a review of current literature to articulate current scientific understanding, and priorities recommended by workshop participants that target existing knowledge gaps, challenges, and opportunities. Priorities defined at the Agriculture in a Changing Climate workshop highlight the need for ongoing investment in interdisciplinary research integrating social, economic and biophysical sciences, strategic collaborations, and knowledge sharing to develop actionable science that can support informed decision-making in the agriculture sector as the climate changes.' Author: 'Yorgey, Georgine G.; Hall, Sonia A.; Allen, Elizabeth R.; Whitefield, Elizabeth M.; Embertson, Nichole M.; Jones, Vincent P.; Saari, Brooke R.; Rajagopalan, Kirti; Roesch-McNally, Gabrielle E.; Van Horne, Beatrice; Abatzoglou, John T.; Collins, Harold P.; Houston, Laurie L.; Ewing, Timothy W.; Kruger, Chad E.' Author Address: 'Georgine G. Yorgey,Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources, Washington State University,Mount Vernon, WA, United States,yorgey@wsu.edu' DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2017.00052 Date: 2017-August-31 ISSN: 2296-665X Journal: Frontiers in Environmental Science Keywords: 'Actionable science,Climate services,Knowledge coproduction,Climate Change,mitigation,adaptation,Agriculture,Stakeholders' Language: English Pages: 52 Short Title: none. Title: 'Northwest U.S. agriculture in a changing climate: Collaboratively defined research and extension priorities' Type of Article: Review Volume: 5 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23649 _uuid: 5f9f9d47-4e3b-486f-ac1c-9cb10354ba42 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3389/fenvs.2017.00052 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5f9f9d47-4e3b-486f-ac1c-9cb10354ba42.yaml identifier: 5f9f9d47-4e3b-486f-ac1c-9cb10354ba42 uri: /reference/5f9f9d47-4e3b-486f-ac1c-9cb10354ba42 - attrs: Abstract: 'Climate change is caused by the release of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Climate change will impact many activities, but its effects on agricultural production could be acute. Estimates of annual damages in agriculture due to temperature increase or extended periods of drought will be more costly than damages in other activities. Yield losses are caused both by direct effects of climate change on crops and by indirect effects such as increased inputs in crop production for weed control. One possible solution to counteract the effects of climate change is to seek crop cultivars that are adapted to highly variable, extreme climatic conditions and pest changes. Here we review the effects of climate change on crop cultivars and weeds. Biomass increase will augment marketable yield by 8–70 % for C3 cereals, by 20–144 % for cash and vegetable crops, and by 6–35 % for flowers. Such positive effects could however be reduced by decreasing water and nutrient availability. Rising temperature will decrease yields of temperature-sensitive crops such as maize, soybean, wheat, and cotton or specialty crops such as almonds, grapes, berries, citrus, or stone fruits. Rice, which is expected to yield better under increased CO2, will suffer serious yield losses under high temperatures. Drought stress should decrease the production of tomato, soybean, maize, and cotton. Nevertheless, reviews on C4 photosynthesis response to water stress in interaction with CO2 concentration reveal that elevated CO2 concentration lessens the deleterious effect of drought on plant productivity. C3 weeds respond more strongly than C4 types to CO2 increases through biomass and leaf area increases. The positive response of C3 crops to elevated CO2 may make C4 weeds less competitive for C3 crops, whereas C3 weeds in C4 or C3 crops could become a problem, particularly in tropical regions. Temperature increases will mainly affect the distribution of weeds, particularly C4 type, by expanding their geographical range. This will enhance further yield losses and will affect weed management systems negatively. In addition, the expansion of invasive weed species such as itchgrass, cogongrass, and witchweed facilitated by temperature increases will increase the cost for their control. Under water or nutrient shortage scenarios, an r-strategist with characteristics in the order S-C-R, such as Palmer amaranth, large crabgrass, johnsongrass, and spurges, will most probably prevail. Selection of cultivars that secure high yields under climate change but also by competing weeds is of major importance. Traits related with (a) increased root/shoot ratio, (b) vernalization periods, (c) maturity, (d) regulation of node formation and/or internode distance, (e) harvest index variations, and (f) allelopathy merit further investigation. The cumulative effects of selecting a suitable stress tolerator-competitor cultivar will be reflected in reductions of environmental pollution, lower production costs, and sustainable food production.' Author: 'Korres, Nicholas E.; Norsworthy, Jason K.; Tehranchian, Parsa; Gitsopoulos, Thomas K.; Loka, Dimitra A.; Oosterhuis, Derrick M.; Gealy, David R.; Moss, Stephen R.; Burgos, Nilda R.; Miller, M. Ryan; Palhano, Matheus' DOI: 10.1007/s13593-016-0350-5 Date: February 18 ISSN: 1773-0155 Issue: 1 Journal: Agronomy for Sustainable Development Pages: 12 Title: 'Cultivars to face climate change effects on crops and weeds: A review' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 36 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23549 _uuid: 604251b9-8cc1-4971-80cc-ea973e16fd48 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s13593-016-0350-5 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/604251b9-8cc1-4971-80cc-ea973e16fd48.yaml identifier: 604251b9-8cc1-4971-80cc-ea973e16fd48 uri: /reference/604251b9-8cc1-4971-80cc-ea973e16fd48 - attrs: Abstract: 'Corn’s (Zea mays L.) stover is a potential nonfood, herbaceous bioenergy feedstock. A vital aspect of utilizing stover for bioenergy production is to establish sustainable harvest criteria that avoid exacerbating soil erosion or degrading soil organic carbon (SOC) levels. Our goal is to empirically estimate the minimum residue return rate required to sustain SOC levels at numerous locations and to identify which macroscale factors affect empirical estimates. Minimum residue return rate is conceptually useful, but only if the study is of long enough duration and a relationship between the rate of residue returned and the change in SOC can be measured. About one third of the Corn Stover Regional Partnership team (Team) sites met these criteria with a minimum residue return rate of 3.9 ± 2.18 Mg stover ha−1 yr−1, n = 6. Based on the Team and published corn-based data (n = 35), minimum residue return rate was 6.38 ± 2.19 Mg stover ha−1 yr−1, while including data from other cropping systems (n = 49), the rate averaged 5.74 ± 2.36 Mg residue ha−1 yr−1. In broad general terms, keeping about 6 Mg residue ha−1 yr−1 maybe a useful generic rate as a point of discussion; however, these analyses refute that a generic rate represents a universal target on which to base harvest recommendations at a given site. Empirical data are needed to calibrate, validate, and refine process-based models so that valid sustainable harvest rate guidelines are provided to producers, industry, and action agencies.' Author: 'Johnson, Jane M. F.; Novak, Jeff M.; Varvel, Gary E.; Stott, Diane E.; Osborne, Shannon L.; Karlen, Douglas L.; Lamb, John A.; Baker, John; Adler, Paul R.' DOI: 10.1007/s12155-013-9402-8 Date: June 01 ISSN: 1939-1242 Issue: 2 Journal: BioEnergy Research Pages: 481-490 Title: 'Crop residue mass needed to maintain soil organic carbon levels: Can it be determined?' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 7 Year: 2014 _record_number: 25557 _uuid: 6068acd3-15de-48bb-9e87-c0b9868040ce reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s12155-013-9402-8 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/6068acd3-15de-48bb-9e87-c0b9868040ce.yaml identifier: 6068acd3-15de-48bb-9e87-c0b9868040ce uri: /reference/6068acd3-15de-48bb-9e87-c0b9868040ce - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Engle, Nathan L.' DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.01.019 ISSN: 1872-9495 Issue: 2 Journal: Global Environmental Change Pages: 647-656 Title: Adaptive capacity and its assessment Volume: 21 Year: 2011 _record_number: 19323 _uuid: 611d5fd8-8410-485d-a27d-7b9f961778d9 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.01.019 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/611d5fd8-8410-485d-a27d-7b9f961778d9.yaml identifier: 611d5fd8-8410-485d-a27d-7b9f961778d9 uri: /reference/611d5fd8-8410-485d-a27d-7b9f961778d9 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division,' Institution: U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Pages: 46 Place Published: 'New York, NY' Title: 'World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision. Key Findings and Advance Tables ' URL: https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2017_KeyFindings.pdf Year: 2017 _record_number: 23651 _uuid: 61f9a80b-d48e-4b6a-88fd-8f0e527d0bbb reftype: Report child_publication: /report/world-population-prospects-2017-revision-key-findings-advance-tables href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/61f9a80b-d48e-4b6a-88fd-8f0e527d0bbb.yaml identifier: 61f9a80b-d48e-4b6a-88fd-8f0e527d0bbb uri: /reference/61f9a80b-d48e-4b6a-88fd-8f0e527d0bbb - attrs: .reference_type: 9 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-3322-0 Editor: 'Lal, R.; Stewart, B. A.' ISBN: 978-1-4612-7966-2 Number of Pages: 345 Place Published: New York Publisher: Springer Series Title: Advances in Soil Science 11 Title: Soil Degradation Year: 1990 _record_number: 23626 _uuid: 6393ec63-0139-465b-9835-fc665681bb6a reftype: Edited Book child_publication: /book/soil-degradation href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/6393ec63-0139-465b-9835-fc665681bb6a.yaml identifier: 6393ec63-0139-465b-9835-fc665681bb6a uri: /reference/6393ec63-0139-465b-9835-fc665681bb6a - attrs: Abstract: 'Phytoplankton are at the base of aquatic food webs and of global importance for ecosystem functioning and services. The dynamics of these photosynthetic cells are linked to annual fluctuations of temperature, water column mixing, resource availability, and consumption. Climate can modify these environmental factors and alter phytoplankton structure, seasonal dynamics, and taxonomic composition. Here, we review mechanistic links between climate alterations and factors limiting primary production, and highlight studies where climate change has had a clear impact on phytoplankton processes. Climate affects phytoplankton both directly through physiology and indirectly by changing water column stratification and resource availability, mainly nutrients and light, or intensified grazing by heterotrophs. These modifications affect various phytoplankton processes, and a widespread advance in phytoplankton spring bloom timing and changing bloom magnitudes have both been observed. Climate warming also affects phytoplankton species composition and size structure, and favors species traits best adapted to changing conditions associated with climate change. Shifts in phytoplankton can have far-reaching consequences for ecosystem structure and functioning. An improved understanding of the mechanistic links between climate and phytoplankton dynamics is important for predicting climate change impacts on aquatic ecosystems.' Author: 'Winder, Monika; Sommer, Ulrich' DOI: 10.1007/s10750-012-1149-2 Date: November 01 ISSN: 1573-5117 Issue: 1 Journal: Hydrobiologia Pages: 5-16 Title: Phytoplankton response to a changing climate Type of Article: journal article Volume: 698 Year: 2012 _record_number: 25531 _uuid: 63a0e798-02db-4bea-914c-f3ce0fb2f75d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10750-012-1149-2 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/63a0e798-02db-4bea-914c-f3ce0fb2f75d.yaml identifier: 63a0e798-02db-4bea-914c-f3ce0fb2f75d uri: /reference/63a0e798-02db-4bea-914c-f3ce0fb2f75d - attrs: Abstract: 'In several world regions, climate change is predicted to negatively affect crop productivity. The recent statistical yield literature emphasizes the importance of flexibly accounting for the distribution of growing-season temperature to better represent the effects of warming on crop yields. We estimate a flexible statistical yield model using a long panel from France to investigate the impacts of temperature and precipitation changes on wheat and barley yields. Winter varieties appear sensitive to extreme cold after planting. All yields respond negatively to an increase in spring–summer temperatures and are a decreasing function of precipitation about historical precipitation levels. Crop yields are predicted to be negatively affected by climate change under a wide range of climate models and emissions scenarios. Under warming scenario RCP8.5 and holding growing areas and technology constant, our model ensemble predicts a 21.0% decline in winter wheat yield, a 17.3% decline in winter barley yield, and a 33.6% decline in spring barley yield by the end of the century. Uncertainty from climate projections dominates uncertainty from the statistical model. Finally, our model predicts that continuing technology trends would counterbalance most of the effects of climate change.' Author: 'Gammans, Matthew; Pierre Mérel; Ariel Ortiz-Bobea' DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/aa6b0c ISSN: 1748-9326 Issue: 5 Journal: Environmental Research Letters Pages: 054007 Title: 'Negative impacts of climate change on cereal yields: Statistical evidence from France' Volume: 12 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23522 _uuid: 63db2021-16af-4542-a6ca-c8c35406118d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1088/1748-9326/aa6b0c href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/63db2021-16af-4542-a6ca-c8c35406118d.yaml identifier: 63db2021-16af-4542-a6ca-c8c35406118d uri: /reference/63db2021-16af-4542-a6ca-c8c35406118d - attrs: Abstract: "Great progress has been made in addressing global undernutrition over the past several decades, in part because of large increases in food production from agricultural expansion and intensification. Food systems, however, face continued increases in demand and growing environmental pressures. Most prominently, human-caused climate change will influence the quality and quantity of food we produce and our ability to distribute it equitably. Our capacity to ensure food security and nutritional adequacy in the face of rapidly changing biophysical conditions will be a major determinant of the next century's global burden of disease. In this article, we review the main pathways by which climate change may affect our food production systems—agriculture, fisheries, and livestock—as well as the socioeconomic forces that may influence equitable distribution." Author: 'Myers, Samuel S.; Matthew R. Smith; Sarah Guth; Christopher D. Golden; Bapu Vaitla; Nathaniel D. Mueller; Alan D. Dangour; Peter Huybers' DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044356 Issue: 1 Journal: Annual Review of Public Health Keywords: 'planetary health,global health,climate change,food security,malnutrition,global environmental change' Pages: 259-277 Title: 'Climate change and global food systems: Potential impacts on food security and undernutrition' Volume: 38 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23236 _uuid: 646126e1-2c39-4498-891f-a7d36d902899 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044356 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/646126e1-2c39-4498-891f-a7d36d902899.yaml identifier: 646126e1-2c39-4498-891f-a7d36d902899 uri: /reference/646126e1-2c39-4498-891f-a7d36d902899 - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Abstract: 'Climate change has the potential to impact the quantity and reliability of forage production, quality of forage, water demand for cultivation of forage crops, as well as large-scale rangeland vegetation patterns. The most visible effect of climate change will be on the primary productivity of forage crops and rangelands. Developing countries are more vulnerable to climate change than developed countries because of the predominance of agriculture in their economies and their warmer baseline climates, besides their limited resources to adapt to newer technologies. In the coming decades, crops and forage plants will continue to be subjected to warmer temperatures, elevated carbon dioxide, as well as wildly fluctuating water availability due to changing precipitation patterns. The interplay among these factors will decide the actual impact on plant growth and yield. Elevated CO2 levels are likely to promote dry matter production in C3 plants more as compared to C4 plants, and the quantum of response is dependent on the interactions among the nature of crop, soil moisture, and soil nutrient availability. Due to the wide fluctuations in distribution of rainfall in growing season in several regions of the world, the forage production will be greatly impacted. As the agricultural sector is the largest user of freshwater resources, the dwindling water supplies will adversely affect the forage crop production. With proper adaptation measures ably supported by suitable policies by the governments, it is possible to minimize the adverse impacts of climate change and ensure livestock productivity through optimum forage availability.' Author: 'Giridhar, Kandalam; Samireddypalle, Anandan' Book Title: 'Climate Change Impact on Livestock: Adaptation and Mitigation' DOI: 10.1007/978-81-322-2265-1_7 Editor: 'Sejian, Veerasamy; Gaughan, John; Baumgard, Lance; Prasad, Cadaba' ISBN: 978-81-322-2265-1 Pages: 97-112 Place Published: New Delhi Publisher: Springer India Title: Impact of climate change on forage availability for livestock Year: 2015 _record_number: 23523 _uuid: 676460b0-0aba-4f86-9de6-7a5c2ec510ce reftype: Book Section child_publication: /book/450ecae7-e1f5-46fc-88ed-382165034bb6 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/676460b0-0aba-4f86-9de6-7a5c2ec510ce.yaml identifier: 676460b0-0aba-4f86-9de6-7a5c2ec510ce uri: /reference/676460b0-0aba-4f86-9de6-7a5c2ec510ce - attrs: Author: 'Liu, Bing; Asseng, Senthold; Müller, Christoph; Ewert, Frank; Elliott, Joshua; Lobell, David B; Martre, Pierre; Ruane, Alex C; Wallach, Daniel; Jones, James W; Rosenzweig, Cynthia; Aggarwal, Pramod K; Alderman, Phillip D; Anothai, Jakarat; Basso, Bruno; Biernath, Christian; Cammarano, Davide; Challinor, Andy; Deryng, Delphine; Sanctis, Giacomo De; Doltra, Jordi; Fereres, Elias; Folberth, Christian; Garcia-Vila, Margarita; Gayler, Sebastian; Hoogenboom, Gerrit; Hunt, Leslie A; Izaurralde, Roberto C; Jabloun, Mohamed; Jones, Curtis D; Kersebaum, Kurt C; Kimball, Bruce A; Koehler, Ann-Kristin; Kumar, Soora Naresh; Nendel, Claas; O’Leary, Garry J; Olesen, Jørgen E; Ottman, Michael J; Palosuo, Taru; Prasad, P.  V  Vara; Priesack, Eckart; Pugh, Thomas A  M; Reynolds, Matthew; Rezaei, Ehsan E; Rötter, Reimund P; Schmid, Erwin; Semenov, Mikhail A; Shcherbak, Iurii; Stehfest, Elke; Stöckle, Claudio O; Stratonovitch, Pierre; Streck, Thilo; Supit, Iwan; Tao, Fulu; Thorburn, Peter; Waha, Katharina; Wall, Gerard W; Wang, Enli; White, Jeffrey W; Wolf, Joost; Zhao, Zhigan; Zhu, Yan' DOI: 10.1038/nclimate3115 Date: 09/12/online Journal: Nature Climate Change Pages: 1130-1136 Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Title: Similar estimates of temperature impacts on global wheat yield by three independent methods Type of Article: Article Volume: 6 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23554 _uuid: 68ae490c-ab1d-4cf6-9e49-1d55448c154a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/nclimate3115 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/68ae490c-ab1d-4cf6-9e49-1d55448c154a.yaml identifier: 68ae490c-ab1d-4cf6-9e49-1d55448c154a uri: /reference/68ae490c-ab1d-4cf6-9e49-1d55448c154a - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Asfaw, Solomon; Lipper, Leslie' Institution: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pages: 15 Place Published: 'Rome, Italy' Series Volume: I5402E/1/04.16 Title: Managing climate risk using climate-smart agriculture URL: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5402e.pdf Year: 2016 _record_number: 23597 _uuid: 69093ab2-65af-4a0d-bd43-b0b1936110cb reftype: Report child_publication: /report/managing-climate-risk-using-climate-smart-agriculture href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/69093ab2-65af-4a0d-bd43-b0b1936110cb.yaml identifier: 69093ab2-65af-4a0d-bd43-b0b1936110cb uri: /reference/69093ab2-65af-4a0d-bd43-b0b1936110cb - attrs: Abstract: 'Numerous models and indices exist that attempt to characterize the effect of environmental factors on the comfort of animals and humans. Heat and cold indices have been utilized to adjust ambient temperature (Ta) for the effects of relative humidity (RH) or wind speed (WS) or both for the purposes of obtaining a "feels-like" or apparent temperature. However, no model has been found that incorporates adjustments for RH, WS, and radiation (RAD) over conditions that encompass hot and cold environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to develop a comprehensive climate index (CCI) that has application under a wide range of environmental conditions and provides an adjustment to Ta for RH, WS, and RAD. Environmental data were compiled from 9 separate summer periods in which heat stress events occurred and from 6 different winter periods to develop and validate the CCI. The RH adjustment is derived from an exponential relationship between Ta and RH with temperature being adjusted up or down from an RH value of 30%. At 45°C, the temperature adjustment for increasing RH from 30 to 100% equals approximately 16°C, whereas at -30°C temperature adjustments due to increasing RH from 30 to 100% equal approximately -3.0°C, with greater RH values contributing to a reduced apparent temperature under cold conditions. The relationship between WS and temperature adjustments was also determined to be exponential with a logarithmic adjustment to define appropriate declines in apparent temperature as WS increases. With this index, slower WS results in the greatest change in apparent temperature per unit of WS regardless of whether hot or cold conditions exist. As WS increases, the change in apparent temperature per unit of WS becomes less. Based on existing windchill and heat indices, the effect of WS on apparent temperature is sufficiently similar to allow one equation to be utilized under hot and cold conditions. The RAD component was separated into direct solar radiation and ground surface radiation. Both of these were found to have a linear relationship with Ta. This index will be useful for further development of biological response functions, which are associated with energy exchange, and improving decision-making processes, which are weather-dependent. In addition, the defined thresholds can serve as management and environmental mitigation guidelines to protect and ensure animal comfort.' Author: 'Mader, T. L.; Johnson, L. J.; Gaughan, J. B.' DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2586 Issue: 6 Journal: Journal of Animal Science Language: English Pages: 2153-2165 Title: A comprehensive index for assessing environmental stress in animals Volume: 88 Year: 2010 _record_number: 21227 _uuid: 6a1bc03d-a204-4f8c-9779-73ee5c44e413 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.2527/jas.2009-2586 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/6a1bc03d-a204-4f8c-9779-73ee5c44e413.yaml identifier: 6a1bc03d-a204-4f8c-9779-73ee5c44e413 uri: /reference/6a1bc03d-a204-4f8c-9779-73ee5c44e413 - attrs: .publisher: 'Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.' .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'Environmental phenomena are often observed first, and then explained quantitatively. The complexity of processes, the range of scales involved, and the lack of first principles make it challenging to predict conditions beyond the ones observed. Here we use the intensification of heavy precipitation as a counterexample, where seemingly complex and potentially computationally intractable processes manifest themselves to first order in simple ways: heavy precipitation intensification is now emerging in the observed record across many regions of the world, confirming both theory and model predictions made decades ago. As the anthropogenic climate signal strengthens, there will be more opportunities to test climate predictions for other variables against observations and across a hierarchy of different models and theoretical concepts.' Author: 'Fischer, E. M.; Knutti, R.' DOI: 10.1038/nclimate3110 Date: 11//print ISSN: 1758-678X Issue: 11 Journal: Nature Climate Change Pages: 986-991 Title: Observed heavy precipitation increase confirms theory and early models Volume: 6 Year: 2016 _record_number: 21055 _uuid: 6a85cf26-c057-4c91-b60e-9d9e58bbc41a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/nclimate3110 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/6a85cf26-c057-4c91-b60e-9d9e58bbc41a.yaml identifier: 6a85cf26-c057-4c91-b60e-9d9e58bbc41a uri: /reference/6a85cf26-c057-4c91-b60e-9d9e58bbc41a - attrs: Abstract: The term “flash drought” is currently used in an ambiguous manner in the scientific literature. We recommend that these climate features should be identified based on how rapidly they intensify. Author: 'Otkin, Jason A.; Mark Svoboda; Eric D. Hunt; Trent W. Ford; Martha C. Anderson; Christopher Hain; Jeffrey B. Basara' DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-17-0149.1 Journal: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Pages: 911-919 Title: 'Flash droughts: A review and assessment of the challenges imposed by rapid onset droughts in the United States' Volume: 99 Year: 2018 _record_number: 25541 _uuid: 6afea23b-6196-4f63-8c69-59d8d538aeaf reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1175/bams-d-17-0149.1 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/6afea23b-6196-4f63-8c69-59d8d538aeaf.yaml identifier: 6afea23b-6196-4f63-8c69-59d8d538aeaf uri: /reference/6afea23b-6196-4f63-8c69-59d8d538aeaf - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'McGuire, Virginia L.' DOI: 10.3133/sir20175040 Institution: U. S. Geological Survey Language: English Name of Database: USGS Publications Warehouse Pages: 24 Place Published: 'Reston, VA' Report Number: 2017-5040 Series Volume: Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5040 Title: 'Water-level and recoverable water in storage changes, High Plains aquifer, predevelopment to 2015 and 2013–15' Type: Report Year: 2017 _record_number: 23630 _uuid: 6d4637d5-5eb3-43c9-bb36-050b0ef08df5 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/water-level-recoverable-water-storage-changes-high-plains-aquifer-predevelopment-2015-201315 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/6d4637d5-5eb3-43c9-bb36-050b0ef08df5.yaml identifier: 6d4637d5-5eb3-43c9-bb36-050b0ef08df5 uri: /reference/6d4637d5-5eb3-43c9-bb36-050b0ef08df5 - attrs: Author: 'Takle, Eugene S. Takle; David Gustafson; Roger Beachy; Gerald C. Nelson; Daniel Mason-D’Croz; Amanda Palazzo' DOI: '10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2013-34 ' Issue: 2013-34 Journal: 'Economics: The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal' Pages: 1-41 Title: 'US food security and climate change: Agricultural futures' Volume: 7 Year: 2013 _record_number: 21234 _uuid: 6e8fbacd-aff6-48ab-a950-5a8df2799046 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2013-34%20 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/6e8fbacd-aff6-48ab-a950-5a8df2799046.yaml identifier: 6e8fbacd-aff6-48ab-a950-5a8df2799046 uri: /reference/6e8fbacd-aff6-48ab-a950-5a8df2799046 - attrs: Abstract: 'A 52-yr record of dissolved oxygen in Chesapeake Bay (1950–2001) and a record of nitrate (NO3 −) loading by the Susquehanna River spanning a longer period (1903, 1945–2001) were assembled to describe the long-term pattern of hypoxia and anoxia in Chesapeake Bay and its relationship to NO3 − loading. The effect of freshwater inflow on NO3 − loading and hypoxia was also examined to characterize its effect at internannual and longer time scales. Year to year variability in river flow accounted for some of the observed changes in hypoxic volume, but the long-term increase was not due to increased river flow. From 1950–2001, the volume of hypoxic water in mid summer increased substantially and at an accelerating rate. Predicted anoxic volume (DO<0.2 mg I−1) at average river flow increased from zero in 1950 to 3.6×109 m3 in 2001. Severe hypoxia (DO<1.0 mg I−1) increased from 1.6×109 to 6.5×109 m3 over the same period, while mild hypoxia (DO<2.0 mg I−1) increased from 3.4×109 to 9.2×109 m3. NO3 − concentrations in the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, increased up to 3-fold from 1945 to a 1989 maximum and declined through 2001. On a decadal average basis, the superposition of changes in river flow on the long-term increase in NO3 − resulted in a 2-fold increase in NO3 − loading from the Susquehanna River during the 1960s to 1970s. Decadal average loads were subsequently stable through the 1990s. Hypoxia was positively correlated with NO3 − loading, but more extensive hypoxia was observed in recent years than would be expected from the observed relationship. The results suggested that the Bay may have become more susceptible to NO3 − loading. To eliminate or greatly reduce anoxia will require reducing average annual total nitrogen loading to the Maryland mainstem Bay to 50×106 kg yr−1, a reduction of 40% from recent levels.' Author: 'Hagy, James D.; Boynton, Walter R.; Keefe, Carolyn W.; Wood, Kathryn V.' DOI: 10.1007/bf02907650 Date: August 01 ISSN: 0160-8347 Issue: 4 Journal: Estuaries Pages: 634-658 Title: 'Hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay, 1950–2001: Long-term change in relation to nutrient loading and river flow' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 27 Year: 2004 _record_number: 25566 _uuid: 71715436-ea0a-4497-8f82-dc376bb4e5d3 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/bf02907650 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/71715436-ea0a-4497-8f82-dc376bb4e5d3.yaml identifier: 71715436-ea0a-4497-8f82-dc376bb4e5d3 uri: /reference/71715436-ea0a-4497-8f82-dc376bb4e5d3 - attrs: Author: 'Burke, Marshall; Emerick, Kyle' DOI: 10.1257/pol.20130025 Issue: 3 Journal: 'American Economic Journal: Economic Policy' Pages: 106-40 Title: 'Adaptation to climate change: Evidence from US agriculture' Volume: 8 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23508 _uuid: 7266e04a-9ec1-49cd-9e71-6b9502733ec0 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1257/pol.20130025 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7266e04a-9ec1-49cd-9e71-6b9502733ec0.yaml identifier: 7266e04a-9ec1-49cd-9e71-6b9502733ec0 uri: /reference/7266e04a-9ec1-49cd-9e71-6b9502733ec0 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Myers, Samuel S.; Zanobetti, Antonella; Kloog, Itai; Huybers, Peter; Leakey, Andrew D. B.; Bloom, Arnold J.; Carlisle, Eli; Dietterich, Lee H.; Fitzgerald, Glenn; Hasegawa, Toshihiro; Holbrook, N. Michele; Nelson, Randall L.; Ottman, Michael J.; Raboy, Victor; Sakai, Hidemitsu; Sartor, Karla A.; Schwartz, Joel; Seneweera, Saman; Tausz, Michael; Usui, Yasuhiro' DOI: 10.1038/nature13179 ISSN: 1476-4687 Issue: 7503 Journal: Nature Pages: 139-142 Title: Increasing CO2 threatens human nutrition Volume: 510 Year: 2014 _chapter: Ch6 _record_number: 16207 _uuid: 7287b49d-8c0d-4f11-95f2-c565c2dd2ee9 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/nature13179 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7287b49d-8c0d-4f11-95f2-c565c2dd2ee9.yaml identifier: 7287b49d-8c0d-4f11-95f2-c565c2dd2ee9 uri: /reference/7287b49d-8c0d-4f11-95f2-c565c2dd2ee9 - attrs: Abstract: 'Climate change is expected to increase future temperatures, potentially resulting in reduced crop production in many key production regions. Research quantifying the complex relationship between weather variables and wheat yields is rapidly growing, and recent advances have used a variety of model specifications that differ in how temperature data are included in the statistical yield equation. A unique data set that combines Kansas wheat variety field trial outcomes for 1985–2013 with location-specific weather data is used to analyze the effect of weather on wheat yield using regression analysis. Our results indicate that the effect of temperature exposure varies across the September−May growing season. The largest drivers of yield loss are freezing temperatures in the Fall and extreme heat events in the Spring. We also find that the overall effect of warming on yields is negative, even after accounting for the benefits of reduced exposure to freezing temperatures. Our analysis indicates that there exists a tradeoff between average (mean) yield and ability to resist extreme heat across varieties. More-recently released varieties are less able to resist heat than older lines. Our results also indicate that warming effects would be partially offset by increased rainfall in the Spring. Finally, we find that the method used to construct measures of temperature exposure matters for both the predictive performance of the regression model and the forecasted warming impacts on yields.' Author: 'Tack, Jesse; Barkley, Andrew; Nalley, Lawton Lanier' DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1415181112 Date: 'June 2, 2015' Issue: 22 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pages: 6931-6936 Title: Effect of warming temperatures on US wheat yields Volume: 112 Year: 2015 _record_number: 23582 _uuid: 72962214-b93d-4ced-b773-156135252d2d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1415181112 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/72962214-b93d-4ced-b773-156135252d2d.yaml identifier: 72962214-b93d-4ced-b773-156135252d2d uri: /reference/72962214-b93d-4ced-b773-156135252d2d - attrs: Author: 'Rojas-Downing, M. Melissa; Nejadhashemi, A. Pouyan; Harrigan, Timothy; Woznicki, Sean A.' DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2017.02.001 Date: 2017/01/01/ ISSN: 2212-0963 Journal: Climate Risk Management Keywords: Livestock; Climate change; Heat stress; Greenhouse gas; Adaptation; Mitigation Pages: 145-163 Title: 'Climate change and livestock: Impacts, adaptation, and mitigation' Volume: 16 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23574 _uuid: 75a1f815-6b15-4597-abb5-859d8be2d4f1 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.crm.2017.02.001 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/75a1f815-6b15-4597-abb5-859d8be2d4f1.yaml identifier: 75a1f815-6b15-4597-abb5-859d8be2d4f1 uri: /reference/75a1f815-6b15-4597-abb5-859d8be2d4f1 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: USGCRP DOI: 10.7930/J0J964J6 Pages: 470 Place Published: 'Washington, DC, USA' Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program Secondary Author: 'Wuebbles, D.J.; D.W. Fahey; K.A. Hibbard; D.J. Dokken; B.C. Stewart; T.K. Maycock' Title: 'Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I' Year: 2017 _record_number: 21557 _uuid: 75cf1c0b-cc62-4ca4-96a7-082afdfe2ab1 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/climate-science-special-report href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/75cf1c0b-cc62-4ca4-96a7-082afdfe2ab1.yaml identifier: 75cf1c0b-cc62-4ca4-96a7-082afdfe2ab1 uri: /reference/75cf1c0b-cc62-4ca4-96a7-082afdfe2ab1 - attrs: .reference_type: 9 Abstract: 'Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.' Author: 'Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources (BANR),' DOI: 10.17226/23395 ISBN: 978-0-309-43738-7 Keywords: Biology and Life Sciences; Agriculture Language: English Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: The National Academies Press Title: 'Genetically Engineered Crops: Experiences and Prospects' Year: 2016 _record_number: 23598 _uuid: 767d24b2-e102-4199-86a3-ba3c48fc93d5 reftype: Book child_publication: /book/genetically-engineered-crops-experiences-prospects href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/767d24b2-e102-4199-86a3-ba3c48fc93d5.yaml identifier: 767d24b2-e102-4199-86a3-ba3c48fc93d5 uri: /reference/767d24b2-e102-4199-86a3-ba3c48fc93d5 - attrs: Author: 'Delgado, Jorge A.; Gantzer, Clark J.' DOI: 10.2489/jswc.70.6.142A Date: 'November 1, 2015' Issue: 6 Journal: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Pages: 142A-145A Title: The 4Rs for cover crops and other advances in cover crop management for environmental quality Volume: 70 Year: 2015 _record_number: 25576 _uuid: 76e90b6b-7c3e-465a-a0e1-b1322c415295 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.2489/jswc.70.6.142A href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/76e90b6b-7c3e-465a-a0e1-b1322c415295.yaml identifier: 76e90b6b-7c3e-465a-a0e1-b1322c415295 uri: /reference/76e90b6b-7c3e-465a-a0e1-b1322c415295 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'Global warming increases the occurrence probability of hot extremes, and improving the predictability of such events is thus becoming of critical importance. Hot extremes have been shown to be induced by surface moisture deficits in some regions. In this study, we assess whether such a relationship holds at the global scale. We find that wide areas of the world display a strong relationship between the number of hot days in the regions’ hottest month and preceding precipitation deficits. The occurrence probability of an above-average number of hot days is over 70% after precipitation deficits in most parts of South America as well as the Iberian Peninsula and Eastern Australia, and over 60% in most of North America and Eastern Europe, while it is below 30–40% after wet conditions in these regions. Using quantile regression analyses, we show that the impact of precipitation deficits on the number of hot days is asymmetric, i.e. extreme high numbers of hot days are most strongly influenced. This relationship also applies to the 2011 extreme event in Texas. These findings suggest that effects of soil moisture-temperature coupling are geographically more widespread than commonly assumed. ' Author: "Mueller, B.\rS.I. Seneviratne" DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1204330109 ISSN: 0027-8424 Issue: 31 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Keywords: 'hot day prediction; soil moisture–temperature coupling; standardized precipitation index; temperature extremes; ' Pages: 12398-12403 Title: Hot days induced by precipitation deficits at the global scale URL: http://www.pnas.org/content/109/31/12398.full.pdf+html Volume: 109 Year: 2012 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL","RF 2"]' _record_number: 2121 _uuid: 77718bdb-b632-4762-b8a5-d4151785f65b reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1204330109 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/77718bdb-b632-4762-b8a5-d4151785f65b.yaml identifier: 77718bdb-b632-4762-b8a5-d4151785f65b uri: /reference/77718bdb-b632-4762-b8a5-d4151785f65b - attrs: Author: 'Brown, Jesslyn F.; Pervez, Md Shahriar' DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2014.01.004 Date: 2014/05/01/ ISSN: 0308-521X Journal: Agricultural Systems Keywords: Irrigated agriculture; Remote sensing; Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; High Plains Aquifer; Geospatial model Pages: 28-40 Title: Merging remote sensing data and national agricultural statistics to model change in irrigated agriculture Volume: 127 Year: 2014 _record_number: 25453 _uuid: 780e0eeb-2c8e-4d64-a1c2-d3a0c8eafdf0 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.agsy.2014.01.004 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/780e0eeb-2c8e-4d64-a1c2-d3a0c8eafdf0.yaml identifier: 780e0eeb-2c8e-4d64-a1c2-d3a0c8eafdf0 uri: /reference/780e0eeb-2c8e-4d64-a1c2-d3a0c8eafdf0 - attrs: Abstract: 'Wheat, rice, maize, and soybean provide two-thirds of human caloric intake. Assessing the impact of global temperature increase on production of these crops is therefore critical to maintaining global food supply, but different studies have yielded different results. Here, we investigated the impacts of temperature on yields of the four crops by compiling extensive published results from four analytical methods: global grid-based and local point-based models, statistical regressions, and field-warming experiments. Results from the different methods consistently showed negative temperature impacts on crop yield at the global scale, generally underpinned by similar impacts at country and site scales. Without CO2 fertilization, effective adaptation, and genetic improvement, each degree-Celsius increase in global mean temperature would, on average, reduce global yields of wheat by 6.0%, rice by 3.2%, maize by 7.4%, and soybean by 3.1%. Results are highly heterogeneous across crops and geographical areas, with some positive impact estimates. Multimethod analyses improved the confidence in assessments of future climate impacts on global major crops and suggest crop- and region-specific adaptation strategies to ensure food security for an increasing world population.' Author: 'Zhao, Chuang; Liu, Bing; Piao, Shilong; Wang, Xuhui; Lobell, David B.; Huang, Yao; Huang, Mengtian; Yao, Yitong; Bassu, Simona; Ciais, Philippe; Durand, Jean-Louis; Elliott, Joshua; Ewert, Frank; Janssens, Ivan A.; Li, Tao; Lin, Erda; Liu, Qiang; Martre, Pierre; Müller, Christoph; Peng, Shushi; Peñuelas, Josep; Ruane, Alex C.; Wallach, Daniel; Wang, Tao; Wu, Donghai; Liu, Zhuo; Zhu, Yan; Zhu, Zaichun; Asseng, Senthold' DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701762114 Date: 'August 29, 2017' Issue: 35 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pages: 9326-9331 Title: Temperature increase reduces global yields of major crops in four independent estimates Volume: 114 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23596 _uuid: 79853924-784a-4bc1-8c47-551d3e6d9bc1 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1701762114 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/79853924-784a-4bc1-8c47-551d3e6d9bc1.yaml identifier: 79853924-784a-4bc1-8c47-551d3e6d9bc1 uri: /reference/79853924-784a-4bc1-8c47-551d3e6d9bc1 - attrs: Abstract: 'Workers employed in outdoor occupations such as farming are exposed to hot and humid environments that put them at risk for heat-related illness or death. This report describes one such death and summarizes heat-related fatalities among crop production workers in the United States during 1992--2006. During this 15-year period, 423 workers in agricultural and nonagricultural industries were reported to have died from exposure to environmental heat; 68 (16%) of these workers were engaged in crop production or support activities for crop production. The heat-related average annual death rate for these crop workers was 0.39 per 100,000 workers, compared with 0.02 for all U.S. civilian workers. Data aggregated into 5-year periods indicated that heat-related death rates among crop workers might be increasing; however, trend analysis did not indicate a statistically significant increase. Prevention of heat-related deaths among crop workers requires educating employers and workers on the hazards of working in hot environments, including recognition of heat-related illness symptoms, and implementing appropriate heat stress management measures.' Author: 'CDC,' Date: Jun 20 ISSN: "1545-861X (Electronic)\r0149-2195 (Linking)" Issue: 24 Journal: 'MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report' Keywords: Adult; Agriculture/*statistics & numerical data; Female; Heat Stress Disorders/*mortality; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Occupational Diseases/*mortality; United States/epidemiology Pages: 649-653 Title: 'Heat-related deaths among crop workers—United States, 1992–2006' URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18566563 Volume: 57 Year: 2008 _chapter: Ch9 _record_number: 16418 _uuid: 79a8b35d-8f50-44c3-ba7d-a8c76f407620 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/pmid-18566563 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/79a8b35d-8f50-44c3-ba7d-a8c76f407620.yaml identifier: 79a8b35d-8f50-44c3-ba7d-a8c76f407620 uri: /reference/79a8b35d-8f50-44c3-ba7d-a8c76f407620 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Woodson, Randy' Institution: American Association for the Advancement of Science Notes: 'View lecture at ' Pages: 19 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Title: The Role of U.S. Research Universities in Meeting the Global Food Security Challenge. 2016 AAAS Charles Valentine Riley Memorial Lecture URL: https://mcmprodaaas.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2016%20AAAS%20Riley%20Lecture%20Proceedings.pdf Year: 2016 _record_number: 23648 _uuid: 7b611026-369a-4547-ba58-050bd46b7b25 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/role-us-research-universities-meeting-global-food-security-challenge-2016-aaas-charles-valentine-riley-memorial-lecture href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7b611026-369a-4547-ba58-050bd46b7b25.yaml identifier: 7b611026-369a-4547-ba58-050bd46b7b25 uri: /reference/7b611026-369a-4547-ba58-050bd46b7b25 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'MRLC,' Place Published: 'Sioux Falls, SD' Publisher: Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium Title: 'National Land Cover Database 2011 (NLCD 2011) ' URL: https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd2011.php Year: '[2017]' _record_number: 23631 _uuid: 7be68f4e-1a0a-4d76-8441-2c2cc6cf2988 reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/b3a748a6-c045-4eb9-a7fe-039b09f5078a href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7be68f4e-1a0a-4d76-8441-2c2cc6cf2988.yaml identifier: 7be68f4e-1a0a-4d76-8441-2c2cc6cf2988 uri: /reference/7be68f4e-1a0a-4d76-8441-2c2cc6cf2988 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Hess, Jeremy J.; Saha, Shubhayu; Luber, George' DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1306796 ISSN: 1552-9924 Issue: 11 Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives Pages: 1209-1215 Title: 'Summertime acute heat illness in U.S. emergency departments from 2006 through 2010: Analysis of a nationally representative sample' Volume: 122 Year: 2014 _chapter: Ch2 _record_number: 16112 _uuid: 7d16ea3a-c4dc-4ebd-8d38-c3d6a64a3e66 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1289/ehp.1306796 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7d16ea3a-c4dc-4ebd-8d38-c3d6a64a3e66.yaml identifier: 7d16ea3a-c4dc-4ebd-8d38-c3d6a64a3e66 uri: /reference/7d16ea3a-c4dc-4ebd-8d38-c3d6a64a3e66 - attrs: Author: 'Jones, Bryan; O’Neill, Brian C.; McDaniel, Larry; McGinnis, Seth; Mearns, Linda O.; Tebaldi, Claudia' DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2631 Date: 05/18/online Journal: Nature Climate Change Pages: 652-655 Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Title: Future population exposure to US heat extremes Volume: 5 Year: 2015 _record_number: 23541 _uuid: 7e3a9127-81cd-46bf-99b8-e3538e982fea reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/nclimate2631 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7e3a9127-81cd-46bf-99b8-e3538e982fea.yaml identifier: 7e3a9127-81cd-46bf-99b8-e3538e982fea uri: /reference/7e3a9127-81cd-46bf-99b8-e3538e982fea - attrs: Author: 'Williamson, Tim; Hesseln, Hayley; Johnston, Mark' DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2010.04.003 Date: 2012/02/01/ ISSN: 1389-9341 Journal: Forest Policy and Economics Keywords: Climate change; Vulnerability; Economic efficiency; Equity; Adaptive capacity; Adaptive capacity deficit; Market failure; Irrational behaviour; Institutional failure; Economic systems Pages: 160-166 Title: Adaptive capacity deficits and adaptive capacity of economic systems in climate change vulnerability assessment Volume: 15 Year: 2012 _record_number: 23589 _uuid: 7e763017-31c5-4e46-97b3-3e9b872418bb reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.forpol.2010.04.003 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7e763017-31c5-4e46-97b3-3e9b872418bb.yaml identifier: 7e763017-31c5-4e46-97b3-3e9b872418bb uri: /reference/7e763017-31c5-4e46-97b3-3e9b872418bb - attrs: Abstract: Wildfire is a particular concern in the wildland–urban interface (WUI) of the western United States where human development occurs close to flammable natural vegetation. Author: 'Liu, Zhihua; Wimberly, Michael C.; Lamsal, Aashis; Sohl, Terry L.; Hawbaker, Todd J.' DOI: 10.1007/s10980-015-0222-4 Date: December 01 ISSN: 1572-9761 Issue: 10 Journal: Landscape Ecology Pages: 1943-1957 Title: 'Climate change and wildfire risk in an expanding wildland–urban interface: A case study from the Colorado Front Range Corridor' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 30 Year: 2015 _record_number: 21979 _uuid: 7ef4f167-6123-4660-8d23-e50f7fa99dbc reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10980-015-0222-4 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7ef4f167-6123-4660-8d23-e50f7fa99dbc.yaml identifier: 7ef4f167-6123-4660-8d23-e50f7fa99dbc uri: /reference/7ef4f167-6123-4660-8d23-e50f7fa99dbc - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Abstract: "Concomitant with the increase in Earth's atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperatures are warming on a global scale. Crop growth models are useful tools to predict the likely effects of these global changes on agricultural productivity and to develop strategies to maximize the benefits and minimize the detriments of such changes. However, few models have been tested at the higher temperatures expected in the future. Therefore, we conducted an experiment, termed the Hot Serial Cereal Experiment, on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)—the world's foremost food and feed crop—to obtain a dataset appropriate for testing the high-temperature performance of wheat growth models. Wheat was planted serially about every 6 wk for over 2 yr at Maricopa, AZ, USA, which experiences the whole range of temperatures at which plants grow on Earth. In addition, on six planting dates, infrared heaters in a temperature free-air controlled enhancement (T-FACE) system were deployed over one-third of the plots to warm the plots by an additional 1.5°C during daytime and 3.0°C at night. Overall, a dataset covering 27 differently treated wheat crops was obtained covering an air temperature range from -2 to +42°C. Crop grain yields ranged from 0 to 800 g m-2. Crops planted in midwinter (normal planting time) yielded the most, as expected. Crops planted in fall suffered frost damage that was ameliorated by T-FACE warming, whereas spring-planted crops had lower yields that were exacerbated by T-FACE. Summer-planted crops failed. Regressions against season-long average air temperature revealed a lethal temperature of 32°C or higher." Author: 'Kimball, B.A.; White, J.W.; Wall, G.W.; Ottman, M.J.' Book Title: Improving Modeling Tools to Assess Climate Change Effects on Crop Response DOI: 10.2134/advagricsystmodel7.2014.0014 Editor: 'Hatfield, J. L.; Fleisher, D.' ISBN: 978-0-89118-352-5 Language: English Pages: 33-44 Place Published: 'Madison, WI' Publisher: 'American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc.' Series Title: Advances in Agricultural Systems Modeling Series Volume: 7 Title: 'Wheat responses to a wide range of temperatures: The Hot Serial Cereal Experiment' Year: 2016 _record_number: 23624 _uuid: 7f759c70-2cca-46c6-ad9c-89a15cafea4a reftype: Book Section child_publication: /book/174c7a2a-72d2-4110-a8be-784c1ef6197d href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7f759c70-2cca-46c6-ad9c-89a15cafea4a.yaml identifier: 7f759c70-2cca-46c6-ad9c-89a15cafea4a uri: /reference/7f759c70-2cca-46c6-ad9c-89a15cafea4a - attrs: Author: 'Rosser, Ezra' ISSN: 1524-3974 Issue: 1 Journal: Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law & Policy Pages: 33-93 Title: 'Rural housing and code enforcement: Navigating between values and housing types' URL: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=842584 Volume: 13 Year: 2006 _record_number: 23637 _uuid: 7fa47563-722f-4207-9194-3454f502647b reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/rural-housing-code-enforcement-navigating-between-values-housing-types href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7fa47563-722f-4207-9194-3454f502647b.yaml identifier: 7fa47563-722f-4207-9194-3454f502647b uri: /reference/7fa47563-722f-4207-9194-3454f502647b - attrs: Author: 'Hewitt, Chris; Viviane B. S. Silva; Nicola Golding; Rong Gao; Caio A. S. Coelho; Robyn Duell; Jonathan Pollock; Kazutoshi Onogi; WMO Secretariat' Issue: 2 Periodical Title: WMO Bulletin Title: Managing risk with climate prediction products and services URL: https://public.wmo.int/en/resources/bulletin/managing-risk-climate-prediction-products-and-services Volume: 64 Year: 2015 _record_number: 23619 _uuid: 7fbea82c-1ea9-47f8-b756-80b6e3b67f85 reftype: Electronic Article child_publication: /generic/d8aabe72-abb1-4348-b925-325f3ea6d79c href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7fbea82c-1ea9-47f8-b756-80b6e3b67f85.yaml identifier: 7fbea82c-1ea9-47f8-b756-80b6e3b67f85 uri: /reference/7fbea82c-1ea9-47f8-b756-80b6e3b67f85 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Guerrero, Bridget; Steve Amosson; Ted McCollum' Institution: Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service Pages: 17 Place Published: 'College Station, TX' Report Number: AG-001 Title: The impact of the Beef Industry in the Southern Ogallala region URL: http://mediad.publicbroadcasting.net/p/hppr/files/201309/Impact_of_the_Beef_Industry.pdf Year: 2013 _record_number: 25567 _uuid: 7fc86957-7e15-455c-ba12-ce6f55b5e0e1 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/impact-beef-industry-southern-ogallala-region href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7fc86957-7e15-455c-ba12-ce6f55b5e0e1.yaml identifier: 7fc86957-7e15-455c-ba12-ce6f55b5e0e1 uri: /reference/7fc86957-7e15-455c-ba12-ce6f55b5e0e1 - attrs: Author: 'Donovan, Victoria M.; Wonkka, Carissa L.; Twidwell, Dirac' DOI: 10.1002/2017GL072901 ISSN: 1944-8007 Issue: 12 Journal: Geophysical Research Letters Keywords: Great Plains biome; fire season; Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS); wildfire; pyrogeography; fire regime; 1630 Impacts of global change; 1632 Land cover change; 1817 Extreme events; 4335 Disaster management; 4316 Physical modeling Pages: 5986-5993 Title: Surging wildfire activity in a grassland biome Volume: 44 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23516 _uuid: 81917ef2-289f-4700-bc1a-254feb5156e5 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/2017GL072901 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/81917ef2-289f-4700-bc1a-254feb5156e5.yaml identifier: 81917ef2-289f-4700-bc1a-254feb5156e5 uri: /reference/81917ef2-289f-4700-bc1a-254feb5156e5 - attrs: Abstract: 'We assess the benefits of climate change mitigation for global maize and wheat production over the 21st century by comparing outcomes under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 as simulated by two large initial condition ensembles from NCAR’s Community Earth System Model. We use models of the relation between climate variables, CO2 concentrations, and yields built on observations and then project this relation on the basis of simulated future temperature and precipitation and CO2 trajectories under the two scenarios, for short (2021–2040), medium (2041–2060) and long (2061–2080) time horizons. We focus on projected mean yield impacts, chances of significant slowdowns in yield, and exposure to damaging heat during critical periods of the growing seasons, the last of which is not explicitly considered in yield impacts by most models, including ours. We find that substantial benefits from mitigation would be achieved throughout the 21st century for maize, in terms of reducing (1) the size of average yield impacts, with mean losses for maize under RCP8.5 reduced under RCP4.5 by about 25 %, 40 % and 50 % as the time horizon lengthens over the 21st century; (2) the risk of major slowdowns over a 10 or 20 year period, with maize chances under RCP4.5 being reduced up to ~75 % by the end of the century compared to those estimated under RCP8.5; and (3) exposure to critical or “lethal” heat extremes, with the number of extremely hot days under RCP8.5 roughly triple current levels by end of century, compared to a doubling for RCP4.5. For wheat, we project small or occasionally negative effects of mitigation for projected yields, because of stronger CO2 fertilization effects than in maize, but substantial benefits of mitigation remain in terms of exposure to extremely high temperatures.' Author: 'Tebaldi, Claudia; Lobell, David' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-015-1537-5 Date: October 28 ISSN: 1573-1480 Journal: Climatic Change Title: Estimated impacts of emission reductions on wheat and maize crops Type of Article: journal article Year: 2015 _record_number: 23583 _uuid: 82a91188-b255-4485-8e65-0417131e5c25 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-015-1537-5 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/82a91188-b255-4485-8e65-0417131e5c25.yaml identifier: 82a91188-b255-4485-8e65-0417131e5c25 uri: /reference/82a91188-b255-4485-8e65-0417131e5c25 - attrs: Abstract: 'The global livestock industry is charged with providing sufficient animal source foods to supply the global population while improving the environmental sustainability of animal production. Improved productivity within dairy and beef systems has demonstrably reduced resource use and greenhouse gas emissions per unit of food over the past century through the dilution of maintenance effect. Further environmental mitigation effects have been gained through the current use of technologies and practices that enhance milk yield or growth in ruminants; however, the social acceptability of continued intensification and use of productivity-enhancing technologies is subject to debate. As the environmental impact of food production continues to be a significant issue for all stakeholders within the field, further research is needed to ensure that comparisons among foods are made based on both environmental impact and nutritive value to truly assess the sustainability of ruminant products.' Author: 'Capper, Judith L.; Dale E. Bauman' DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-031412-103727 Issue: 1 Journal: Annual Review of Animal Biosciences Keywords: 'greenhouse gas emissions,dilution of maintenance,carbon footprint,animal source foods,dairy,beef' Pages: 469-489 Title: The role of productivity in improving the environmental sustainability of ruminant production systems Volume: 1 Year: 2013 _record_number: 26135 _uuid: 831b4c27-416e-4b98-94e6-3969a3b34031 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1146/annurev-animal-031412-103727 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/831b4c27-416e-4b98-94e6-3969a3b34031.yaml identifier: 831b4c27-416e-4b98-94e6-3969a3b34031 uri: /reference/831b4c27-416e-4b98-94e6-3969a3b34031 - attrs: Abstract: 'Maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) are the dominant grain crops across the Midwest and are grown on 75% of the arable land with small but economically important crops of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.) but economically important crops. Historically, there have been variations in annual yields for maize and soybean related to the seasonal weather patterns. Key concerns are the impacts of future climate change on maize and soybean production and their vulnerability to future climate changes. To evaluate these, we analyzed the yield gaps as the difference between the attainable and actual yield at the county level and observed meteorological data to determine which seasonal meteorological variables were dominant in quantifying the actual/attainable yields. July maximum temperatures, August minimum temperatures, and July–August total precipitation were found to be the significant factors affecting the yield gap. These relationships were used to estimate the change in the yield gap through 2100 using both the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 climate scenarios for these variables for selected counties across the Midwest. Yield gaps increased with time for maize across the Midwest with the largest increases in the southern portion of the Corn Belt showing a large north-south gradient in the increase of the yield gap and minimal east-west gradient. Soybean was not as sensitive as maize because the projected temperatures do not exceed optimum temperature ranges for growth and reductions in production that are more sensitive to precipitation changes during the reproductive stages. Adaptation strategies for maize and soybean will require more innovation than simple agronomic management and require the linkage between geneticists, agronomists, and agricultural meteorologists to develop innovative strategies to preserve production in the Midwest.' Author: 'Hatfield, J. L.; Wright-Morton, Lois; Hall, Beth' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-017-1997-x Date: June 12 ISSN: 1573-1480 Issue: 1-2 Journal: Climatic Change Pages: 263-275 Title: Vulnerability of grain crops and croplands in the Midwest to climatic variability and adaptation strategies Type of Article: journal article Volume: 146 Year: 2018 _record_number: 23530 _uuid: 83a3b10a-7eeb-4b2e-a3c0-4cf8fb10de7a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-017-1997-x href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/83a3b10a-7eeb-4b2e-a3c0-4cf8fb10de7a.yaml identifier: 83a3b10a-7eeb-4b2e-a3c0-4cf8fb10de7a uri: /reference/83a3b10a-7eeb-4b2e-a3c0-4cf8fb10de7a - attrs: Abstract: 'Maize water production functions measured in a 4-year field trial in the US central high plains were curvilinear with 2.0 kg m−3 water productivity at full irrigation that resulted from 12.5 Mg ha−1 grain yields with 630 mm of crop evapotranspiration, ETc. The curvilinear functions show decreasing yield but relatively constant water productivity up to 25% ETc reduction. Water productivity declined rapidly with ETc reductions greater than 25% and was zero at about 40% of full ETc because about 270 mm of ETc was required to produce the first unit of grain yield. These results corroborate those of previous studies that show reduction in irrigated area rather than deficit irrigation will usually provide higher net returns if water consumption (ETc) is limited. Water balance techniques adequately estimated ETc when precision irrigation was carefully scheduled and seasonal precipitation was low. Water productivity relationships based on ETc are more transferable than those based on irrigation water applied.' Author: 'Trout, Thomas J.; DeJonge, Kendall C.' DOI: 10.1007/s00271-017-0540-1 Date: May 01 ISSN: 1432-1319 Issue: 3 Journal: Irrigation Science Pages: 251-266 Title: Water productivity of maize in the US high plains Type of Article: journal article Volume: 35 Year: 2017 _record_number: 25534 _uuid: 859ab7f2-4df6-4c76-9fea-6bf0a3bdd7e4 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s00271-017-0540-1 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/859ab7f2-4df6-4c76-9fea-6bf0a3bdd7e4.yaml identifier: 859ab7f2-4df6-4c76-9fea-6bf0a3bdd7e4 uri: /reference/859ab7f2-4df6-4c76-9fea-6bf0a3bdd7e4 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'ERS,' Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: USDA Economic Research Service (ERS) Title: 'Nonmetro Population Change, 2010-17 [chart]' URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/chart-gallery/gallery/chart-detail/?chartId=60121 Year: 2018 _record_number: 26132 _uuid: 861917c1-26d0-4d54-98eb-da50a55ba587 reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/27745d8b-38d0-4bc9-a182-e8b03caff45e href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/861917c1-26d0-4d54-98eb-da50a55ba587.yaml identifier: 861917c1-26d0-4d54-98eb-da50a55ba587 uri: /reference/861917c1-26d0-4d54-98eb-da50a55ba587 - attrs: Abstract: 'The fragility of a single-source, geographically concentrated supply of natural rubber, a critical material of the modern economy, has brought guayule (Parthenium argentatum A. Gray) to the forefront as an alternative source of natural rubber. The improvement of guayule for commercial-scale production has been limited by the lack of genomic tools and well-characterized genetic resources required for genomics-assisted breeding. To address this issue, we developed nearly 50,000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genetic markers and genotyped 69 accessions of guayule and its sister taxa mariola (Parthenium incanum Kunth), representing the entire available NALPGRU germplasm collection. We identified multiple interspecific hybrid accessions previously considered guayule, including six guayule-mariola hybrids and non-mariola interspecific hybrid accessions AZ-2 and AZ-3, two commonly used high-yielding cultivars. We dissected genetic diversity within the collection to identify a highly diverse subset of guayule accessions, and showed that wild guayule stands in Big Bend National Park, Texas, USA have the potential to provide hitherto untapped guayule genetic diversity. Together, these results provide the most thorough genetic characterization of guayule germplasm to date and lay the foundation for rapid genetic improvement of commercial guayule germplasm.' Author: 'Ilut, Daniel C.; Sanchez, Paul L.; Coffelt, Terry A.; Dyer, John M.; Jenks, Matthew A.; Gore, Michael A.' DOI: 10.1101/147256 Journal: bioRxiv Title: 'A century of guayule: Comprehensive genetic characterization of the guayule (Parthenium argentatum A. Gray) USDA germplasm collection' Year: 2017 _record_number: 25560 _uuid: 86940208-c0d6-4624-96a6-fc4762a40ce8 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /generic/a44b1c35-1584-4d41-9d44-6e94f624a294 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/86940208-c0d6-4624-96a6-fc4762a40ce8.yaml identifier: 86940208-c0d6-4624-96a6-fc4762a40ce8 uri: /reference/86940208-c0d6-4624-96a6-fc4762a40ce8 - attrs: Author: 'Garner, J. B.; Douglas, M. L.; Williams, S. R. O.; Wales, W. J.; Marett, L. C.; Nguyen, T. T. T.; Reich, C. M.; Hayes, B. J.' DOI: 10.1038/srep34114 Date: 09/29/online Journal: Scientific Reports Pages: 34114 Publisher: The Author(s) Title: Genomic selection improves heat tolerance in dairy cattle Type of Article: Article Volume: 6 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23521 _uuid: 8745c974-334a-45d8-add8-31d2424d1dd2 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/srep34114 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8745c974-334a-45d8-add8-31d2424d1dd2.yaml identifier: 8745c974-334a-45d8-add8-31d2424d1dd2 uri: /reference/8745c974-334a-45d8-add8-31d2424d1dd2 - attrs: Abstract: 'Dedicated energy crops and crop residues will meet herbaceous feedstock demands for the new bioeconomy in the Central and Eastern USA. Perennial warm-season grasses and corn stover are well-suited to the eastern half of the USA and provide opportunities for expanding agricultural operations in the region. A suite of warm-season grasses and associated management practices have been developed by researchers from the Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and collaborators associated with USDA Regional Biomass Research Centers. Second generation biofuel feedstocks provide an opportunity to increase the production of transportation fuels from recently fixed plant carbon rather than from fossil fuels. Although there is no “one-size-fits-all” bioenergy feedstock, crop residues like corn (Zea mays L.) stover are the most readily available bioenergy feedstocks. However, on marginally productive cropland, perennial grasses provide a feedstock supply while enhancing ecosystem services. Twenty-five years of research has demonstrated that perennial grasses like switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) are profitable and environmentally sustainable on marginally productive cropland in the western Corn Belt and Southeastern USA.' Author: 'Mitchell, R. B.; Schmer, M. R.; Anderson, W. F.; Jin, V.; Balkcom, K. S.; Kiniry, J.; Coffin, A.; White, P.' DOI: 10.1007/s12155-016-9734-2 Date: June 01 ISSN: 1939-1242 Issue: 2 Journal: BioEnergy Research Pages: 384-398 Title: Dedicated energy crops and crop residues for bioenergy feedstocks in the central and eastern USA Type of Article: journal article Volume: 9 Year: 2016 _record_number: 25546 _uuid: 89491e17-4e39-4437-a489-e2020c2411bd reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s12155-016-9734-2 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/89491e17-4e39-4437-a489-e2020c2411bd.yaml identifier: 89491e17-4e39-4437-a489-e2020c2411bd uri: /reference/89491e17-4e39-4437-a489-e2020c2411bd - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'California is currently in the midst of a record-setting drought. The drought began in 2012 and now includes the lowest calendar-year and 12-mo precipitation, the highest annual temperature, and the most extreme drought indicators on record. The extremely warm and dry conditions have led to acute water shortages, groundwater overdraft, critically low streamflow, and enhanced wildfire risk. Analyzing historical climate observations from California, we find that precipitation deficits in California were more than twice as likely to yield drought years if they occurred when conditions were warm. We find that although there has not been a substantial change in the probability of either negative or moderately negative precipitation anomalies in recent decades, the occurrence of drought years has been greater in the past two decades than in the preceding century. In addition, the probability that precipitation deficits co-occur with warm conditions and the probability that precipitation deficits produce drought have both increased. Climate model experiments with and without anthropogenic forcings reveal that human activities have increased the probability that dry precipitation years are also warm. Further, a large ensemble of climate model realizations reveals that additional global warming over the next few decades is very likely to create ∼100% probability that any annual-scale dry period is also extremely warm. We therefore conclude that anthropogenic warming is increasing the probability of co-occurring warm–dry conditions like those that have created the acute human and ecosystem impacts associated with the “exceptional” 2012–2014 drought in California.' Author: 'Diffenbaugh, Noah S.; Swain, Daniel L.; Touma, Danielle' DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1422385112 Date: 'March 31, 2015' Issue: 13 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pages: 3931-3936 Title: Anthropogenic warming has increased drought risk in California Volume: 112 Year: 2015 _record_number: 19545 _uuid: 89e08a41-6091-45fa-a92e-6168a90a8151 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1422385112 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/89e08a41-6091-45fa-a92e-6168a90a8151.yaml identifier: 89e08a41-6091-45fa-a92e-6168a90a8151 uri: /reference/89e08a41-6091-45fa-a92e-6168a90a8151 - attrs: Author: 'Araya, A.; Kisekka, I.; Lin, X.; Vara Prasad, P. V.; Gowda, P. H.; Rice, C.; Andales, A.' DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2017.08.001 Date: 2017/01/01/ ISSN: 2212-0963 Journal: Climate Risk Management Keywords: Maize; Irrigation; RCP; GCM; DSSAT-CSM; Climate change Pages: 139-154 Title: Evaluating the impact of future climate change on irrigated maize production in Kansas Volume: 17 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23496 _uuid: 89e6d677-42f9-4661-b33c-3f6235ef6f1a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.crm.2017.08.001 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/89e6d677-42f9-4661-b33c-3f6235ef6f1a.yaml identifier: 89e6d677-42f9-4661-b33c-3f6235ef6f1a uri: /reference/89e6d677-42f9-4661-b33c-3f6235ef6f1a - attrs: Abstract: 'Six Bos taurus (Hereford) steers (body weight 324 ± 22 kg) were used in a 45-day study with a replicated 3 × 3 Latin-square design. Three treatments [ad libitum feeding (ADLIB); limit feeding, 85% of ad libitum (LIMIT); bunk management feeding where steers were only given access to feed from 1600 to 0800 hours the following day (BUNK)] were imposed over 3 periods, with 2 steers assigned to each treatment in each period. Cattle were managed in a temperature-controlled metabolism unit and were exposed to both thermoneutral (17.7°C–26.1°C) and hot (16.7°C–32.9°C) environmental conditions. By design, during the thermoneutral period, the ADLIB cattle displayed greater intake (P < 0.05) than the LIMIT group, with the BUNK group being intermediate. However, during the hot period, both the LIMIT and BUNK treatment groups increased feed intake 4–5%, whereas feed intake of the ADLIB treatment group declined nearly 2%. During both periods respiration rate (RR, breath/min) followed the same pattern that was observed for feed intake, with the greatest (P < 0.05) RR found in the ADLIB treatment group (81.09 and 109.55, thermoneutral and hot, respectively) and lowest (P < 0.05) RR in the LIMIT treatment group (74.47 and 102.76, thermoneutral and hot, respectively). Rectal temperature (RT) did not differ among treatments during the thermoneutral period or the first hot day, although during the thermoneutral period the ADLIB treatment group did tend to display a lower RT, possibly as a result of other physiological processes (pulse rate and RR) aiding to keep RT lower. During the hot period, differences in RT were found on Day 5, with the LIMIT cattle having lower (P < 0.10) RT (38.92°C) than the ADLIB (39.18°C) cattle, with BUNK cattle RT (39.14°C) being intermediate. However, when hourly data were examined, the ADLIB cattle had greater (P < 0.05) RT than the BUNK and LIMIT at 1800 hours and greater RT (P < 0.05) than the LIMIT group at 1400, 1500, and 1600 hours. Clearly, a change in diurnal RT pattern was obtained by using the LIMIT and BUNK feeding regimen. Both of these groups displayed a peak RT during the hot conditions, between 2100 and 2200 hours, whereas the ADLIB group displayed a peak RT between 1400 and 1500 hours, a time very close to when peak climatic stress occurs.Based on these results it is apparent that feedlot managers could alleviate the effects of adverse hot weather on cattle by utilising either a limit-feeding regimen or altering bunk management practices to prevent feed from being consumed several hours prior to the hottest portion of the day.' Author: 'Holt, Simone M.; Gaughan, John. B.; Mader, Terry L.' DOI: 10.1071/AR03261 Issue: 7 Journal: Australian Journal of Agricultural Research Keywords: 'beef cattle, heat stress, feedlot, feeding regimen.' Pages: 719-725 Title: Feeding strategies for grain-fed cattle in a hot environment Volume: 55 Year: 2004 _record_number: 23533 _uuid: 8ae42581-294f-4427-b071-37ddaf97e41a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1071/AR03261 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8ae42581-294f-4427-b071-37ddaf97e41a.yaml identifier: 8ae42581-294f-4427-b071-37ddaf97e41a uri: /reference/8ae42581-294f-4427-b071-37ddaf97e41a - attrs: Abstract: 'Heat stress has a significant impact on all livestock and poultry species causing economic losses and animal well-being concerns. Providing shade is one heat-abatement strategy that has been studied for years. Material selected to provide shade for animals greatly influences the overall stress reduction provided by shade. A study was conducted to quantify both the environment and animal response, when cattle had no shade access during summertime exposure or were given access to shade provided by three different materials. A total of 32 Black Angus heifers were assigned to one of the four treatment pens according to weight (eight animals per pen). Each pen was assigned a shade treatment: No Shade, Snow Fence, 60% Aluminet Shade Cloth and 100% Shade Cloth. In the shaded treatment pens, the shade structure covered ~40% of the pen (7.5 m2/animal). Animals were moved to a different treatment every 2 weeks in a 4×4 Latin square design to ensure each treatment was applied to each group of animals. Both environmental parameters and physiological responses were measured during the experiment. Environmental parameters included dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, black globe temperature (BGT), solar radiation (SR) and feedlot surface temperature. Animal response measurements included manual respiration rate (RRm), electronic respiration rate (RRe), vaginal temperature (body temperature (BT)), complete blood count (CBC) and plasma cortisol. The environmental data demonstrated changes proportional to the quality of shade offered. However, the animal responses did not follow this same trend. Some of the data suggest that any amount of shade was beneficial to the animals. However, Snow Fence may not offer adequate protection to reduce BT. For some of the parameters (BT, CBC and cortisol), 60% Aluminet and 100% Shade Cloth offers similar protection. The 60% Aluminet lowered RRe the most during extreme conditions. When considering all parameters, environmental and physiological, 60% Aluminet Shade Cloth offered reductions of BGT, SR, feedlot surface temperature and the best (or equal to the best) overall protection for the animals (RRe, RRm, BT, blood parameters).' Author: 'Brown-Brandl, T. M.; Chitko-McKown, C. G.; Eigenberg, R. A.; Mayer, J. J.; Welsh, T. H.; Davis, J. D.; Purswell, J. L.' DOI: 10.1017/S1751731116002664 Database Provider: Cambridge University Press EPub Date: 12/23 ISSN: 1751-7311 Issue: 8 Journal: Animal Keywords: body temperature; cattle; heat stress; respiration rate; shade Name of Database: Cambridge Core Pages: 1344-1353 Publisher: Cambridge University Press Title: Physiological responses of feedlot heifers provided access to different levels of shade Volume: 11 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23507 _uuid: 8df33787-ee0c-42f1-aec2-b095f3895bf3 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1017/S1751731116002664 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8df33787-ee0c-42f1-aec2-b095f3895bf3.yaml identifier: 8df33787-ee0c-42f1-aec2-b095f3895bf3 uri: /reference/8df33787-ee0c-42f1-aec2-b095f3895bf3 - attrs: Author: 'Mader, Terry L.; Griffin, Dee' DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2015.03.006 ISSN: 0749-0720 Issue: 2 Journal: 'Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice' Pages: 247-258 Publisher: Elsevier Title: Management of cattle exposed to adverse environmental conditions Volume: 31 Year: 2015 _record_number: 23556 _uuid: 8e18ab12-1505-4f37-83fd-6da142422a43 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.cvfa.2015.03.006 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8e18ab12-1505-4f37-83fd-6da142422a43.yaml identifier: 8e18ab12-1505-4f37-83fd-6da142422a43 uri: /reference/8e18ab12-1505-4f37-83fd-6da142422a43 - attrs: Abstract: 'Extreme heat is a significant public health challenge in urban environments that disproportionally impacts vulnerable members of society. In this research, demographic, economic and climate projections are brought together with a statistical approach linking extreme heat and mortality in Houston, Texas. The sensitivity of heat-related non-accidental mortality to future changes of demographics, income and climate is explored. We compare climate change outcomes associated with two different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, which describe alternate future scenarios for greenhouse gas emissions and concentrations. For each RCP, we explore demographic and economic scenarios for two plausible Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), SSP3 and SSP5. Our findings suggest that non-accidental mortality in 2061–2080 may increase for all combinations of RCP and SSP scenarios compared to a historical reference period spanning 1991–2010. Notably, increased heat-related non-accidental mortality is associated with changes in the size and age of the population, but the degree of sensitivity is highly uncertain given the breadth of plausible socioeconomic scenarios. Beyond socioeconomic changes, climate change is also important. For each socioeconomic scenario, non-accidental mortality associated with the lower emissions RCP4.5 scenario is projected to be 50 % less than mortality projected under the higher emissions RCP8.5 scenario.' Author: 'Marsha, A.; Sain, S. R.; Heaton, M. J.; Monaghan, A. J.; Wilhelmi, O.V.' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-016-1775-1 Date: August 30 ISSN: 1573-1480 Journal: Climatic Change Title: 'Influences of climatic and population changes on heat-related mortality in Houston, Texas, USA' Type of Article: journal article Year: 2016 _record_number: 23558 _uuid: 8e30bef3-ce8e-4df4-879b-21f809b02998 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-016-1775-1 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8e30bef3-ce8e-4df4-879b-21f809b02998.yaml identifier: 8e30bef3-ce8e-4df4-879b-21f809b02998 uri: /reference/8e30bef3-ce8e-4df4-879b-21f809b02998 - attrs: Abstract: 'The Great Plains region of the United States is an agricultural production center for the global market and, as such, an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This article uses historical agricultural census data and ecosystem models to estimate the magnitude of annual GHG fluxes from all agricultural sources (e.g., cropping, livestock raising, irrigation, fertilizer production, tractor use) in the Great Plains from 1870 to 2000. Here, we show that carbon (C) released during the plow-out of native grasslands was the largest source of GHG emissions before 1930, whereas livestock production, direct energy use, and soil nitrous oxide emissions are currently the largest sources. Climatic factors mediate these emissions, with cool and wet weather promoting C sequestration and hot and dry weather increasing GHG release. This analysis demonstrates the long-term ecosystem consequences of both historical and current agricultural activities, but also indicates that adoption of available alternative management practices could substantially mitigate agricultural GHG fluxes, ranging from a 34% reduction with a 25% adoption rate to as much as complete elimination with possible net sequestration of C when a greater proportion of farmers adopt new agricultural practices.' Author: 'Parton, William J.; Gutmann, Myron P.; Merchant, Emily R.; Hartman, Melannie D.; Adler, Paul R.; McNeal, Frederick M.; Lutz, Susan M.' DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1416499112 Date: 'August 25, 2015' Issue: 34 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pages: E4681-E4688 Title: 'Measuring and mitigating agricultural greenhouse gas production in the US Great Plains, 1870–2000' Volume: 112 Year: 2015 _record_number: 23566 _uuid: 8e77c2a4-9af8-428f-b5fd-67bf2ece89cb reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1416499112 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8e77c2a4-9af8-428f-b5fd-67bf2ece89cb.yaml identifier: 8e77c2a4-9af8-428f-b5fd-67bf2ece89cb uri: /reference/8e77c2a4-9af8-428f-b5fd-67bf2ece89cb - attrs: Abstract: 'Miscanthus represents a key candidate energy crop for use in biomass‐to‐liquid fuel‐conversion processes and biorefineries to produce a range of liquid fuels and chemicals; it has recently attracted considerable attention. Its yield, elemental composition, carbohydrate and lignin content and composition are of high importance to be reviewed for future biofuel production and development. Starting from Miscanthus, various pre‐treatment technologies have recently been developed in the literature to break down the lignin structure, disrupt the crystalline structure of cellulose, and enhance its enzyme digestibility. These technologies included chemical, physicochemical, and biological pre‐treatments. Due to its significantly lower concentrations of moisture and ash, Miscanthus also represents a key candidate crop for use in biomass‐to‐liquid conversion processes to produce a range of liquid fuels and chemicals by thermochemical conversion. The goal of this paper is to review the current status of the technology for biofuel production from this crop within a biorefinery context.' Author: 'Brosse, Nicolas; Dufour, Anthony; Meng, Xianzhi; Sun, Qining; Ragauskas, Arthur' DOI: 10.1002/bbb.1353 Issue: 5 Journal: 'Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining' Pages: 580-598 Title: 'Miscanthus: A fast‐growing crop for biofuels and chemicals production' Volume: 6 Year: 2012 _record_number: 25587 _uuid: 8ee0df47-ffba-46a4-a233-7942a996792c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/bbb.1353 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8ee0df47-ffba-46a4-a233-7942a996792c.yaml identifier: 8ee0df47-ffba-46a4-a233-7942a996792c uri: /reference/8ee0df47-ffba-46a4-a233-7942a996792c - attrs: Abstract: 'Observations show global sea level is rising due to climate change, with the highest rates in the tropical Pacific Ocean where many of the world’s low-lying atolls are located. Sea-level rise is particularly critical for low-lying carbonate reef-lined atoll islands; these islands have limited land and water available for human habitation, water and food sources, and ecosystems that are vulnerable to inundation from sea-level rise. Here we demonstrate that sea-level rise will result in larger waves and higher wave-driven water levels along atoll islands’ shorelines than at present. Numerical model results reveal waves will synergistically interact with sea-level rise, causing twice as much land forecast to be flooded for a given value of sea-level rise than currently predicted by current models that do not take wave-driven water levels into account. Atolls with islands close to the shallow reef crest are more likely to be subjected to greater wave-induced run-up and flooding due to sea-level rise than those with deeper reef crests farther from the islands’ shorelines. It appears that many atoll islands will be flooded annually, salinizing the limited freshwater resources and thus likely forcing inhabitants to abandon their islands in decades, not centuries, as previously thought.' Author: 'Storlazzi, Curt D.; Elias, Edwin P. L.; Berkowitz, Paul' DOI: 10.1038/srep14546 Database Provider: PubMed Central Date: 2015/09/25/ ISSN: 2045-2322 Journal: Scientific Reports Keywords: Sea level; coastal inundation; impact; atolls; migration; wind and waves; coastal effects Pages: 14546 Title: Many atolls may be uninhabitable within decades due to climate change Volume: 5 Year: 2015 _record_number: 22521 _uuid: 8fd88741-58fd-4753-ae35-af3a2ed38915 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/srep14546 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8fd88741-58fd-4753-ae35-af3a2ed38915.yaml identifier: 8fd88741-58fd-4753-ae35-af3a2ed38915 uri: /reference/8fd88741-58fd-4753-ae35-af3a2ed38915 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'EPA,' Publisher: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Title: 'Climate Change Indicators: Heavy Precipitation' URL: https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heavy-precipitation Year: 2016 _record_number: 23645 _uuid: 909a0b17-06fc-4995-a5b2-d837cabc4b6d reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/c46ca30e-8070-4226-aa7c-9546d6990ebf href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/909a0b17-06fc-4995-a5b2-d837cabc4b6d.yaml identifier: 909a0b17-06fc-4995-a5b2-d837cabc4b6d uri: /reference/909a0b17-06fc-4995-a5b2-d837cabc4b6d - attrs: Author: 'Maresch, Wayne; Walbridge, Mark R.; Kugler, Daniel' DOI: 10.2489/jswc.63.6.198A Date: 'November 1, 2008' Issue: 6 Journal: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Pages: 198A-203A Title: 'Enhancing conservation on agricultural landscapes: A new direction for the Conservation Effects Assessment Project' Volume: 63 Year: 2008 _record_number: 26127 _uuid: 90c9d28c-4d1c-403c-8418-483c0fd939e8 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.2489/jswc.63.6.198A href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/90c9d28c-4d1c-403c-8418-483c0fd939e8.yaml identifier: 90c9d28c-4d1c-403c-8418-483c0fd939e8 uri: /reference/90c9d28c-4d1c-403c-8418-483c0fd939e8 - attrs: Author: 'Blanc, Elodie; Caron, Justin; Fant, Charles; Monier, Erwan' DOI: 10.1002/2016EF000473 ISSN: 2328-4277 Issue: 8 Journal: Earth's Future Keywords: Crop yields; irrigation; climate change; Mitigation policy; 0402 Agricultural systems; 1627 Coupled models of the climate system; 1630 Impacts of global change; 1842 Irrigation Pages: 877-892 Publisher: 'Wiley Periodicals, Inc.' Title: 'Is current irrigation sustainable in the United States? An integrated assessment of climate change impact on water resources and irrigated crop yields' Volume: 5 Year: 2017 _record_number: 21470 _uuid: 9183bef5-0e8c-4126-859c-15075554448a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/2016EF000473 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9183bef5-0e8c-4126-859c-15075554448a.yaml identifier: 9183bef5-0e8c-4126-859c-15075554448a uri: /reference/9183bef5-0e8c-4126-859c-15075554448a - attrs: Author: 'Lobell, D.B.; Schlenker, W.; Costa-Roberts, J.' DOI: 10.1126/science.1204531 ISSN: 0036-8075 Issue: 6042 Journal: Science NIHMSID: ' NCA' Pages: 616-620 Title: Climate trends and global crop production since 1980 Volume: 333 Year: 2011 _record_number: 14290 _uuid: 9282485a-e4e4-42d8-b8c5-2cd00eecb3fd reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.1204531 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9282485a-e4e4-42d8-b8c5-2cd00eecb3fd.yaml identifier: 9282485a-e4e4-42d8-b8c5-2cd00eecb3fd uri: /reference/9282485a-e4e4-42d8-b8c5-2cd00eecb3fd - attrs: Abstract: 'Cover crops have long been touted for their ability to reduce erosion, fix atmospheric nitrogen, reduce nitrogen leaching, and improve soil health. In recent decades, there has been resurgence in cover crop adoption that is synchronous with a heightened awareness of climate change. Climate change mitigation and adaptation may be additional, important ecosystem services provided by cover crops, but they lie outside of the traditional list of cover cropping benefits. Here, we review the potential for cover crops to mitigate climate change by tallying all of the positive and negative impacts of cover crops on the net global warming potential of agricultural fields. Then, we use lessons learned from two contrasting regions to evaluate how cover crops affect adaptive management for precipitation and temperature change. Three key outcomes from this synthesis are (1) Cover crop effects on greenhouse gas fluxes typically mitigate warming by ~100 to 150 g CO2 e/m2/year, which is higher than mitigation from transitioning to no-till. The most important terms in the budget are soil carbon sequestration and reduced fertilizer use after legume cover crops. (2) The surface albedo change due to cover cropping, calculated for the first time here using case study sites in central Spain and Pennsylvania, USA, may mitigate 12 to 46 g CO2 e/m2/year over a 100-year time horizon. And (3) Cover crop management can also enable climate change adaptation at these case study sites, especially through reduced vulnerability to erosion from extreme rain events, increased soil water management options during droughts or periods of soil saturation, and retention of nitrogen mineralized due to warming. Overall, we found very few tradeoffs between cover cropping and climate change mitigation and adaptation, suggesting that ecosystem services that are traditionally expected from cover cropping can be promoted synergistically with services related to climate change.' Author: 'Kaye, Jason P.; Quemada, Miguel' DOI: 10.1007/s13593-016-0410-x Date: January 19 ISSN: 1773-0155 Issue: 1 Journal: Agronomy for Sustainable Development Pages: 4 Title: Using cover crops to mitigate and adapt to climate change. A review Type of Article: journal article Volume: 37 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23545 _uuid: 94c2d912-8ac9-4c32-958c-6918f5cc079a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s13593-016-0410-x href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/94c2d912-8ac9-4c32-958c-6918f5cc079a.yaml identifier: 94c2d912-8ac9-4c32-958c-6918f5cc079a uri: /reference/94c2d912-8ac9-4c32-958c-6918f5cc079a - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Frank, Dorothea; Reichstein, Markus; Bahn, Michael; Thonicke, Kirsten; Frank, David; Mahecha, Miguel D.; Smith, Pete; van der Velde, Marijn; Vicca, Sara; Babst, Flurin; Beer, Christian; Buchmann, Nina; Canadell, Josep G.; Ciais, Philippe; Cramer, Wolfgang; Ibrom, Andreas; Miglietta, Franco; Poulter, Ben; Rammig, Anja; Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Walz, Ariane; Wattenbach, Martin; Zavala, Miguel A.; Zscheischler, Jakob' DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12916 ISSN: 1365-2486 Issue: 8 Journal: Global Change Biology Keywords: carbon cycle; climate change; climate extremes; climate variability; disturbance; terrestrial ecosystems Pages: 2861-2880 Title: 'Effects of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle: Concepts, processes and potential future impacts' Volume: 21 Year: 2015 _record_number: 19777 _uuid: 95a21b96-f699-4b5c-8281-e1d6e2c8398f reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1111/gcb.12916 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/95a21b96-f699-4b5c-8281-e1d6e2c8398f.yaml identifier: 95a21b96-f699-4b5c-8281-e1d6e2c8398f uri: /reference/95a21b96-f699-4b5c-8281-e1d6e2c8398f - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'U.S. Federal Government,' Keywords: added by ERG Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: United States Global Change Research Program Title: 'U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit: Coastal Erosion [web page]' URL: https://toolkit.climate.gov/topics/coastal-flood-risk/coastal-erosion Year: 2016 _record_number: 26126 _uuid: 95ab23a5-e563-4867-b5e6-de459c24ffa5 reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/2ac7b155-1ee1-4c12-98f7-efa90aee0917 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/95ab23a5-e563-4867-b5e6-de459c24ffa5.yaml identifier: 95ab23a5-e563-4867-b5e6-de459c24ffa5 uri: /reference/95ab23a5-e563-4867-b5e6-de459c24ffa5 - attrs: Author: 'Fournel, Sébastien; Ouellet, Véronique; Charbonneau, Édith' DOI: 10.3390/ani7050037 ISSN: 2076-2615 Issue: 5 Journal: Animals Pages: 37 Title: 'Practices for alleviating heat stress of dairy cows in humid continental climates: A literature review' Volume: 7 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23612 _uuid: 960c1d15-f397-45d3-b5e2-abba191aeed7 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3390/ani7050037 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/960c1d15-f397-45d3-b5e2-abba191aeed7.yaml identifier: 960c1d15-f397-45d3-b5e2-abba191aeed7 uri: /reference/960c1d15-f397-45d3-b5e2-abba191aeed7 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'ERS,' Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: USDA Economic Research Service (ERS) Title: 'U.S. Agricultural Trade at a Glance [web site]' URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/international-markets-us-trade/us-agricultural-trade/us-agricultural-trade-at-a-glance/ Year: 2018 _record_number: 26133 _uuid: 975a48e2-8df7-4ad7-9278-2c8940e7a91a reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/f099385d-0800-4c2b-bc2e-a919a61ebe98 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/975a48e2-8df7-4ad7-9278-2c8940e7a91a.yaml identifier: 975a48e2-8df7-4ad7-9278-2c8940e7a91a uri: /reference/975a48e2-8df7-4ad7-9278-2c8940e7a91a - attrs: Author: 'Davies, Jess' DOI: 10.1038/543309a Journal: Nature Pages: 309-311 Title: The business case for soil Volume: 543 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23514 _uuid: 9b37a44d-d7d9-4720-988f-99e726feef94 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/543309a href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9b37a44d-d7d9-4720-988f-99e726feef94.yaml identifier: 9b37a44d-d7d9-4720-988f-99e726feef94 uri: /reference/9b37a44d-d7d9-4720-988f-99e726feef94 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Ratcliffe, Susan; Matthew Baur; Hugh Beckie; Loren Giesler; Norman Leppla; Jill Schroeder' Institution: Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST) Pages: 20 Place Published: 'Ames, IA' Series Volume: CAST Issue Paper 58 Title: Crop Protection Contributions Toward Agricultural Productivity. A Paper in the Series on The Need for Agricultural Innovation to Sustainably Feed the World by 2050 URL: http://www.cast-science.org/publications/?crop_protection_contributions_toward_agricultural_productivity&show=product&productID=284599 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23603 _uuid: 9be3da44-0c39-418f-8dbb-1aca0400d6f7 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/crop-protection-contributions-toward-agricultural-productivity-paper-series-on-need-agricultural-innovation-sustainably-feed-world-by-2050 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9be3da44-0c39-418f-8dbb-1aca0400d6f7.yaml identifier: 9be3da44-0c39-418f-8dbb-1aca0400d6f7 uri: /reference/9be3da44-0c39-418f-8dbb-1aca0400d6f7 - attrs: Abstract: 'The Anthropocene is characterized by a worldwide spread of hypoxia, among other manifestations, which threatens aquatic ecosystem functions, services, and biodiversity. The primary cause of hypoxia onset in recent decades is human‐triggered eutrophication. Global warming has also been demonstrated to contribute to the increase of hypoxic conditions. However, the precise role of both environmental forcings on hypoxia dynamics over the long term remains mainly unknown due to a lack of historical monitoring. In this study, we used an innovative paleolimnological approach on three large European lakes to quantify past hypoxia dynamics and to hierarchies the contributions of climate and nutrients. Even for lake ecosystems that have been well oxygenated over a millennia‐long period, and regardless of past climatic fluctuations, a shift to hypoxic conditions occurred in the 1950s in response to an unprecedented rise in total phosphorus concentrations above 10 ± 5 µg P L−1. Following this shift, hypoxia never disappeared despite the fact that environmental policies succeeded in drastically reducing lake phosphorus concentrations. During that period, decadal fluctuations in hypoxic volume were great, ranging between 0.5 and 8% of the total lake volumes. We demonstrate, through statistical modeling, that these fluctuations were essentially driven by climatic factors, such as river discharge and air temperature. In lakes Geneva and Bourget, which are fed by large river systems, fluctuations in hypoxic volume were negatively correlated with river discharge. In contrast, the expansion of hypoxia has been related only to warmer air temperatures at Annecy, which is fed by small river systems. Hence, we outline a theoretical framework assuming that restored lake ecosystems have inherited hypoxia from the eutrophication period and have shifted to a new stable state with new key controls of water and ecosystem quality. We suggest that controlling river discharge may be a complementary strategy for local management of lakes fed by large river systems.' Author: 'Jenny, Jean‐Philippe; Arnaud, Fabien; Alric, Benjamin; Dorioz, Jean‐Marcel; Sabatier, Pierre; Meybeck, Michel; Perga, Marie‐Elodie' DOI: 10.1002/2014GB004932 Issue: 12 Journal: Global Biogeochemical Cycles Pages: 1413-1423 Title: 'Inherited hypoxia: A new challenge for reoligotrophicated lakes under global warming' Volume: 28 Year: 2014 _record_number: 25559 _uuid: 9d253a75-6b9e-4c25-8c5c-b410c84d9c96 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/2014GB004932 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9d253a75-6b9e-4c25-8c5c-b410c84d9c96.yaml identifier: 9d253a75-6b9e-4c25-8c5c-b410c84d9c96 uri: /reference/9d253a75-6b9e-4c25-8c5c-b410c84d9c96 - attrs: Abstract: 'Variability of heat stress illness (HSI) by urbanicity and climate region has rarely been considered in previous HSI studies. We investigated temporal and geographic trends in HSI emergency department (ED) visits in CDC Environmental Public Health Tracking Network (Tracking) states for 2005–2010. We obtained county-level HSI ED visit data for 14 Tracking states. We used the National Center for Health Statistics Urban–Rural Classification Scheme to categorize counties by urbanicity as (1) large central metropolitan (LCM), (2) large fringe metropolitan, (3) small–medium metropolitan, or (4) nonmetropolitan (NM). We also assigned counties to one of six US climate regions. Negative binomial regression was used to examine trends in HSI ED visits over time across all counties and by urbanicity for each climate region, adjusting for pertinent variables. During 2005–2010, there were 98,462 HSI ED visits in the 14 states. ED visits for HSI decreased 3.0 % (p < 0.01) per year. Age-adjusted incidence rates of HSI ED visits increased from most urban to most rural. Overall, ED visits were significantly higher for NM areas (IRR = 1.41, p < 0.01) than for LCM areas. The same pattern was observed in all six climate regions; compared with LCM, NM areas had from 14 to 90 % more ED visits for HSI. These findings of significantly increased HSI ED visit rates in more rural settings suggest a need to consider HSI ED visit variability by county urbanicity and climate region when designing and implementing local HSI preventive measures and interventions.' Author: 'Fechter-Leggett, Ethan D.; Vaidyanathan, Ambarish; Choudhary, Ekta' DOI: 10.1007/s10900-015-0064-7 Date: February 01 ISSN: 1573-3610 Issue: 1 Journal: Journal of Community Health Pages: 57-69 Title: 'Heat stress illness emergency department visits in national environmental public health tracking states, 2005–2010' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 41 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23607 _uuid: 9d4b4e3f-1739-4e8f-ab0b-610dd5276da3 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10900-015-0064-7 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9d4b4e3f-1739-4e8f-ab0b-610dd5276da3.yaml identifier: 9d4b4e3f-1739-4e8f-ab0b-610dd5276da3 uri: /reference/9d4b4e3f-1739-4e8f-ab0b-610dd5276da3 - attrs: Abstract: 'Heat kills more people than any other weather-related event in the USA, resulting in hundreds of fatalities each year. In North Carolina, heat-related illness accounts for over 2,000 yearly emergency department admissions. In this study, data on emergency department (ED) visits for heat-related illness (HRI) were obtained from the North Carolina Disease Event Tracking and Epidemiologic Collection Tool to identify spatiotemporal relationships between temperature and morbidity across six warm seasons (May–September) from 2007 to 2012. Spatiotemporal relationships are explored across different regions (e.g., coastal plain, rural) and demographics (e.g., gender, age) to determine the differential impact of heat stress on populations. This research reveals that most cases of HRI occur on days with climatologically normal temperatures (e.g., 31 to 35 °C); however, HRI rates increase substantially on days with abnormally high daily maximum temperatures (e.g., 31 to 38 °C). HRI ED visits decreased on days with extreme heat (e.g., greater than 38 °C), suggesting that populations are taking preventative measures during extreme heat and therefore mitigating heat-related illness.' Author: 'Sugg, Margaret M.; Konrad, Charles E.; Fuhrmann, Christopher M.' DOI: 10.1007/s00484-015-1060-4 Date: May 01 ISSN: 1432-1254 Issue: 5 Journal: International Journal of Biometeorology Pages: 663-675 Title: 'Relationships between maximum temperature and heat-related illness across North Carolina, USA' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 60 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23581 _uuid: a0403ee4-f787-4078-bcba-64cdd6cc9cb1 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s00484-015-1060-4 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a0403ee4-f787-4078-bcba-64cdd6cc9cb1.yaml identifier: a0403ee4-f787-4078-bcba-64cdd6cc9cb1 uri: /reference/a0403ee4-f787-4078-bcba-64cdd6cc9cb1 - attrs: Author: 'Slater, Louise J.; Villarini, Gabriele' DOI: 10.1002/2016GL071199 ISSN: 1944-8007 Issue: 24 Journal: Geophysical Research Letters Keywords: flood; stage; precipitation; water storage; basin wetness; risk; 1821 Floods; 1833 Hydroclimatology; 1854 Precipitation; 4313 Extreme events; 4328 Risk; 8488 Volcanic hazards and risks Pages: '12,428-12,436' Title: Recent trends in U.S. flood risk Volume: 43 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23578 _uuid: a0905615-ac31-42ba-a70f-592a5729fdf7 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/2016GL071199 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a0905615-ac31-42ba-a70f-592a5729fdf7.yaml identifier: a0905615-ac31-42ba-a70f-592a5729fdf7 uri: /reference/a0905615-ac31-42ba-a70f-592a5729fdf7 - attrs: Author: 'Hallström, E.; Carlsson-Kanyama, A.; Börjesson, P.' DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.12.008 Date: 2015/03/15/ ISSN: 0959-6526 Journal: Journal of Cleaner Production Keywords: Review; LCA; Diet; Scenario; Climate; Land use Pages: 1-11 Title: 'Environmental impact of dietary change: A systematic review' Volume: 91 Year: 2015 _record_number: 25565 _uuid: a135e44f-ac84-4613-9c06-e2457e7083ca reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.12.008 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a135e44f-ac84-4613-9c06-e2457e7083ca.yaml identifier: a135e44f-ac84-4613-9c06-e2457e7083ca uri: /reference/a135e44f-ac84-4613-9c06-e2457e7083ca - attrs: Author: 'Pimentel, David; Burgess, Michael' DOI: 10.3390/agriculture3030443 ISSN: 2077-0472 Issue: 3 Journal: Agriculture Pages: 443-463 Title: Soil erosion threatens food production Volume: 3 Year: 2013 _record_number: 23569 _uuid: a1a77335-94af-4990-86b9-57f5764448f8 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3390/agriculture3030443 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a1a77335-94af-4990-86b9-57f5764448f8.yaml identifier: a1a77335-94af-4990-86b9-57f5764448f8 uri: /reference/a1a77335-94af-4990-86b9-57f5764448f8 - attrs: Author: 'Thornton, P.K.' DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0134 ISSN: 0962-8436 Issue: 1554 Journal: 'Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences' NIHMSID: ' NCA' Pages: 2853-2867 Title: 'Livestock production: Recent trends, future prospects' Volume: 365 Year: 2010 _record_number: 15622 _uuid: a1b71240-d505-46e0-9db7-9147b8855af6 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1098/rstb.2010.0134 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a1b71240-d505-46e0-9db7-9147b8855af6.yaml identifier: a1b71240-d505-46e0-9db7-9147b8855af6 uri: /reference/a1b71240-d505-46e0-9db7-9147b8855af6 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'Changes in temperature, CO(2), and precipitation under the scenarios of climate change for the next 30 yr present a challenge to crop production. This review focuses on the impact of temperature, CO(2), and ozone on agronomic crops and the implications for crop production. Understanding these implications for agricultural crops is critical for developing cropping systems resilient to stresses induced by climate change. There is variation among crops in their response to CO(2), temperature, and precipitation changes and, with the regional differences in predicted climate, a situation is created in which the responses will be further complicated. For example, the temperature effects on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] could potentially cause yield reductions of 2.4% in the South but an increase of 1.7% in the Midwest. The frequency of years when temperatures exceed thresholds for damage during critical growth stages is likely to increase for some crops and regions. The increase in CO(2) contributes significantly to enhanced plant growth and improved water use efficiency (WUE); however, there may be a downscaling of these positive impacts due to higher temperatures plants will experience during their growth cycle. A challenge is to understand the interactions of the changing climatic parameters because of the interactions among temperature, CO(2), and precipitation on plant growth and development and also on the biotic stresses of weeds, insects, and diseases. Agronomists will have to consider the variations in temperature and precipitation as part of the production system if they are to ensure the food security required by an ever increasing population.' Alternate Journal: Agron J Author: "Hatfield, J. L.\rBoote, K. J.\rKimball, B. A.\rZiska, L. H.\rIzaurralde, R. C.\rOrt, D.\rThomson, A. M.\rWolfe, D." Author Address: 'Hatfield, JL; Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA; Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA; Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA; Univ Florida, Agron Dep, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA; USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA; USDA, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA; Univ Maryland, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA; Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA; Cornell Univ, Dep Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA' DOI: 10.2134/agronj2010.0303 Date: Mar-Apr ISSN: 1435-0645 Issue: 2 Journal: Agronomy Journal Keywords: air co2 enrichment; atmospheric carbon-dioxide; water-use efficiency; phaseolus-vulgaris l.; solanum-tuberosum l.; rottboellia-cochinchinensis interference; endosperm cell-division; high-temperature stress; soybean glycine-max; long-term exposure Language: English Notes: 740XZ; Times Cited:5; Cited References Count:225 Pages: 351-370 Title: 'Climate impacts on agriculture: Implications for crop production' Volume: 103 Year: 2011 _chapter: '["Ch. 16: Northeast FINAL","Ch. 6: Agriculture FINAL","RG 3 Midwest","Ch. 18: Midwest FINAL","Ch. 21: Northwest FINAL"]' _record_number: 361 _uuid: a2704ef3-5be4-41ee-8dfa-4c82e416a292 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.2134/agronj2010.0303 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a2704ef3-5be4-41ee-8dfa-4c82e416a292.yaml identifier: a2704ef3-5be4-41ee-8dfa-4c82e416a292 uri: /reference/a2704ef3-5be4-41ee-8dfa-4c82e416a292 - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: 'Wehner, M.F.; J.R. Arnold; T. Knutson; K.E. Kunkel; A.N. LeGrande' Book Title: 'Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I' DOI: 10.7930/J0CJ8BNN Editor: 'Wuebbles, D.J.; D.W. Fahey; K.A. Hibbard; D.J. Dokken; B.C. Stewart; T.K. Maycock' Pages: 231-256 Place Published: 'Washington, DC, USA' Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program Title: 'Droughts, Floods, and Wildfires' Year: 2017 _record_number: 21566 _uuid: a29b612b-8c28-4c93-9c18-19314babce89 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/drought-floods-hydrology href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a29b612b-8c28-4c93-9c18-19314babce89.yaml identifier: a29b612b-8c28-4c93-9c18-19314babce89 uri: /reference/a29b612b-8c28-4c93-9c18-19314babce89 - attrs: Author: 'Farrigan, Tracey; Parker, Timothy' Issue: December Periodical Title: Amber Waves Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: USDA Economic Research Service Title: The concentration of poverty is a growing rural problem URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2012/december/concentration-of-poverty Year: 2012 _record_number: 23609 _uuid: a2a02512-dacf-46f0-8f9f-9cb51892a884 reftype: Electronic Article child_publication: /generic/83d540f2-7603-4be1-8d22-81ebafc6a270 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a2a02512-dacf-46f0-8f9f-9cb51892a884.yaml identifier: a2a02512-dacf-46f0-8f9f-9cb51892a884 uri: /reference/a2a02512-dacf-46f0-8f9f-9cb51892a884 - attrs: Abstract: 'Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) addresses the challenge of meeting the growing demand for food, fibre and fuel, despite the changing climate and fewer opportunities for agricultural expansion on additional lands. CSA focuses on contributing to economic development, poverty reduction and food security; maintaining and enhancing the productivity and resilience of natural and agricultural ecosystem functions, thus building natural capital; and reducing trade-offs involved in meeting these goals. Current gaps in knowledge, work within CSA, and agendas for interdisciplinary research and science-based actions identified at the 2013 Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture (Davis, CA, USA) are described here within three themes: (1) farm and food systems, (2) landscape and regional issues and (3) institutional and policy aspects. The first two themes comprise crop physiology and genetics, mitigation and adaptation for livestock and agriculture, barriers to adoption of CSA practices, climate risk management and energy and biofuels (theme 1); and modelling adaptation and uncertainty, achieving multifunctionality, food and fishery systems, forest biodiversity and ecosystem services, rural migration from climate change and metrics (theme 2). Theme 3 comprises designing research that bridges disciplines, integrating stakeholder input to directly link science, action and governance.' Author: 'Steenwerth, Kerri L.; Hodson, Amanda K.; Bloom, Arnold J.; Carter, Michael R.; Cattaneo, Andrea; Chartres, Colin J.; Hatfield, Jerry L.; Henry, Kevin; Hopmans, Jan W.; Horwath, William R.; Jenkins, Bryan M.; Kebreab, Ermias; Leemans, Rik; Lipper, Leslie; Lubell, Mark N.; Msangi, Siwa; Prabhu, Ravi; Reynolds, Matthew P.; Sandoval Solis, Samuel; Sischo, William M.; Springborn, Michael; Tittonell, Pablo; Wheeler, Stephen M.; Vermeulen, Sonja J.; Wollenberg, Eva K.; Jarvis, Lovell S.; Jackson, Louise E.' DOI: 10.1186/2048-7010-3-11 Date: August 26 ISSN: 2048-7010 Issue: 1 Journal: Agriculture & Food Security Pages: 11 Title: 'Climate-smart agriculture global research agenda: Scientific basis for action' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 3 Year: 2014 _record_number: 23580 _uuid: a2b2aa19-07d5-4feb-9f29-b3cfd32d2ef8 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1186/2048-7010-3-11 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a2b2aa19-07d5-4feb-9f29-b3cfd32d2ef8.yaml identifier: a2b2aa19-07d5-4feb-9f29-b3cfd32d2ef8 uri: /reference/a2b2aa19-07d5-4feb-9f29-b3cfd32d2ef8 - attrs: Author: 'Pragna, Prathap; P.R. Archana; Joy Aleena; Veerasamy Sejian; Govindan Krishnan; Madiajagan Bagath; A. Manimaran; V. Beena; E.K. Kurien; Girish Varma; Raghavendra Bhatta' DOI: 10.3923/ijds.2017.1.11 Issue: 1 Journal: International Journal of Dairy Science Pages: 1-11 Title: 'Heat stress and dairy cow: Impact on both milk yield and composition' Volume: 12 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23570 _uuid: a2ccdea7-17d6-459b-b908-f48df4eccd0c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3923/ijds.2017.1.11 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a2ccdea7-17d6-459b-b908-f48df4eccd0c.yaml identifier: a2ccdea7-17d6-459b-b908-f48df4eccd0c uri: /reference/a2ccdea7-17d6-459b-b908-f48df4eccd0c - attrs: Author: 'O’Shaughnessy, Susan A.; Colaizzi, Paul D.' DOI: 10.3390/agronomy7040068 ISSN: 2073-4395 Issue: 4 Journal: Agronomy Pages: 68 Title: Performance of precision mobile drip irrigation in the Texas High Plains region Volume: 7 Year: 2017 _record_number: 25542 _uuid: a3db13d8-8d86-4e23-86fc-e82355c496cb reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3390/agronomy7040068 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a3db13d8-8d86-4e23-86fc-e82355c496cb.yaml identifier: a3db13d8-8d86-4e23-86fc-e82355c496cb uri: /reference/a3db13d8-8d86-4e23-86fc-e82355c496cb - attrs: Abstract: "Despite many challenges faced by animal producers, including environmental problems, diseases, economic pressure, and feed availability, it is still predicted that animal production in developing countries will continue to sustain the future growth of the world's meat production. In these areas, livestock performance is generally lower than those obtained in Western Europe and North America. Although many factors can be involved, climatic factors are among the first and crucial limiting factors of the development of animal production in warm regions. In addition, global warming will further accentuate heat stress-related problems. The objective of this paper was to review the effective strategies to alleviate heat stress in the context of tropical livestock production systems. These strategies can be classified into three groups: those increasing feed intake or decreasing metabolic heat production, those enhancing heat-loss capacities, and those involving genetic selection for heat tolerance. Under heat stress, improved production should be possible through modifications of diet composition that either promotes a higher intake or compensates the low feed consumption. In addition, altering feeding management such as a change in feeding time and/or frequency, are efficient tools to avoid excessive heat load and improve survival rate, especially in poultry. Methods to enhance heat exchange between the environment and the animal and those changing the environment to prevent or limit heat stress can be used to improve performance under hot climatic conditions. Although differences in thermal tolerance exist between livestock species (ruminants > monogastrics), there are also large differences between breeds of a species and within each breed. Consequently, the opportunity may exist to improve thermal tolerance of the animals using genetic tools. However, further research is required to quantify the genetic antagonism between adaptation and production traits to evaluate the potential selection response. With the development of molecular biotechnologies, new opportunities are available to characterize gene expression and identify key cellular responses to heat stress. These new tools will enable scientists to improve the accuracy and the efficiency of selection for heat tolerance. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression and thermal imprinting of the genome could also be an efficient method to improve thermal tolerance. Such techniques (e.g. perinatal heat acclimation) are currently being experimented in chicken." Author: 'Renaudeau, D.; Collin, A.; Yahav, S.; de Basilio, V.; Gourdine, J. L.; Collier, R. J.' DOI: 10.1017/S1751731111002448 Database Provider: Cambridge University Press EPub Date: 12/08 ISSN: 1751-7311 Issue: 5 Journal: Animal Keywords: livestock animals; heat stress; nutrition; cooling; genetic Name of Database: Cambridge Core Pages: 707-728 Publisher: Cambridge University Press Title: Adaptation to hot climate and strategies to alleviate heat stress in livestock production Volume: 6 Year: 2011 _record_number: 23573 _uuid: a4383ca4-be00-434c-a0d9-78e7bec564f7 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1017/S1751731111002448 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a4383ca4-be00-434c-a0d9-78e7bec564f7.yaml identifier: a4383ca4-be00-434c-a0d9-78e7bec564f7 uri: /reference/a4383ca4-be00-434c-a0d9-78e7bec564f7 - attrs: Author: 'Zhao, Jin; Xue, Qingwu; Jessup, Kirk E.; Hao, Baozhen; Hou, Xiaobo; Marek, Thomas H.; Xu, Wenwei; Evett, Steven R.; O’Shaughnessy, Susan A.; Brauer, David K.' DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2017.11.001 Date: 2018/02/01/ ISSN: 0378-4290 Journal: Field Crops Research Keywords: Drought-tolerant hybrid; Soil water extraction; Deficit irrigation; Evapotranspiration Pages: 1-9 Title: Yield and water use of drought-tolerant maize hybrids in a semiarid environment Volume: 216 Year: 2018 _record_number: 25529 _uuid: a4c2aa51-8e45-47c2-a948-2e6988a06dcd reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.11.001 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a4c2aa51-8e45-47c2-a948-2e6988a06dcd.yaml identifier: a4c2aa51-8e45-47c2-a948-2e6988a06dcd uri: /reference/a4c2aa51-8e45-47c2-a948-2e6988a06dcd - attrs: Abstract: 'Climate change will pose risks for the world’s food supply in the coming decades; this comes at a time when the global demand for food is expected to soar based on 2050 world population estimates. It is important to recognize that climate change will necessitate temporal and geographical shifts in food production, but will most likely not result in the collapse of our food systems. However, because of differences in the severity of how climate change will affect agriculture, regional and temporal changes in production and harvest-time will challenge the existing and sometimes outdated agricultural infrastructure with respect to collection, storage, transportation, and distribution of food. Increasing regional and global urbanization will further perturb these systems. Adaptation to climate change with respect to crop and food animal production will have to occur at multiple temporal, seasonal, and geospatial levels. Other major adaptation measures will have to occur with respect to crop selection, genetics, CO2 and temperature sensitivity, and resilience of crops and food animals, water resources, and mitigation of invasive species. Technology, including sophisticated Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based modeling, coupled with publically available soil and weather data that help farmers optimize production and conservation will be essential toward adaptation. Communication of this type of localized technical information to agricultural stakeholders by national, federal, and state entities is beginning to occur in order to help farmers adapt and prepare for extreme events associated with climate change. As the largest agricultural state in the USA, California has developed a robust mitigation and adaptation strategy that may be useful for other nation-states.' Author: 'Pitesky, Maurice; Gunasekara, Amrith; Cook, Carolyn; Mitloehner, Frank' DOI: 10.1007/s40518-014-0006-5 Date: June 01 ISSN: 2196-3010 Issue: 2 Journal: Current Sustainable/Renewable Energy Reports Pages: 43-50 Title: Adaptation of agricultural and food systems to a changing climate and increasing urbanization Type of Article: journal article Volume: 1 Year: 2014 _record_number: 23568 _uuid: a4d81109-2631-4662-a567-950e485cb33c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s40518-014-0006-5 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a4d81109-2631-4662-a567-950e485cb33c.yaml identifier: a4d81109-2631-4662-a567-950e485cb33c uri: /reference/a4d81109-2631-4662-a567-950e485cb33c - attrs: Abstract: 'Wildfire is increasingly a concern in the USA, where 10 million acres burned in 2015. Climate is a primary driver of wildfire, and understanding fire-climate relationships is crucial for informing fire management and modeling the effects of climate change on fire. In the southwestern USA, fire-climate relationships have been informed by tree-ring data that extend centuries prior to the onset of fire exclusion in the late 1800s. Variability in cool-season precipitation has been linked to fire occurrence, but the effects of the summer North American monsoon on fire are less understood, as are the effects of climate on fire seasonality. We use a new set of reconstructions for cool-season (October–April) and monsoon-season (July–August) moisture conditions along with a large new fire scar dataset to examine relationships between multi-seasonal climate variability, fire extent, and fire seasonality in the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico (1599–1899 CE). Results suggest that large fires burning in all seasons are strongly influenced by the current year cool-season moisture, but fires burning mid-summer to fall are also influenced by monsoon moisture. Wet conditions several years prior to the fire year during the cool season, and to a lesser extent during the monsoon season, are also important for spring through late-summer fires. Persistent cool-season drought longer than 3 years may inhibit fires due to the lack of moisture to replenish surface fuels. This suggests that fuels may become increasingly limiting for fire occurrence in semi-arid regions that are projected to become drier with climate change.' Author: 'Margolis, E. Q.; Woodhouse, C. A.; Swetnam, T. W.' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-017-1958-4 Date: June 01 ISSN: 1573-1480 Issue: 3 Journal: Climatic Change Pages: 433-446 Title: 'Drought, multi-seasonal climate, and wildfire in northern New Mexico' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 142 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23557 _uuid: a5604aed-9a6f-468e-acf4-f4a0bb574d3e reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-017-1958-4 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a5604aed-9a6f-468e-acf4-f4a0bb574d3e.yaml identifier: a5604aed-9a6f-468e-acf4-f4a0bb574d3e uri: /reference/a5604aed-9a6f-468e-acf4-f4a0bb574d3e - attrs: Abstract: ". Maximizing the net benefits of irrigated plant production through appropriately designed agricultural water management programs is of growing importance in Nebraska, and other western and Midwestern states, because many areas are involved in management and policy changes to conserve irrigation water. In Nebraska, farmers are being challenged to practice conservation methods and use water resources more efficiently while meeting plant water requirements and maintaining high yields. Another challenge Nebraska experiences in it's approximately 3.5-million-ha irrigated lands is limited adoption of newer technologies/tools to help farmers better manage irrigation, conserve water and energy, and increase plant water use efficiency. In 2005, the Nebraska Agricultural Water Management Demonstration Network (NAWMDN or Network) was formed from an interdisciplinary team of partners including the Natural Resources Districts (NRD); USDA-NRCS; farmers from south central, northeast, west central, and western Nebraska; crop consultants; and University of Nebraska-Lincoln faculty. The main goal of the Network is to enable the transfer of high quality research-based information to Nebraskans through a series of demonstration projects established in farmers' fields and implement newer tools and technologies to address and enhance plant water use efficiency, water conservation, and reduce energy consumption for irrigation. The demonstration projects are supported by the scientifically-based field research and evaluation projects conducted at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, South Central Agricultural Laboratory located near Clay Center, Nebraska. The Network was formed with only 15 farmers as collaborators in only one of the 23 NRDs in 2005. As of late 2009, the number of active collaborators has increased to over 300 in 12 NRDs and 35 of 93 counties. The Network is impacting both water and energy conservation due to farmers adopting information and newer technologies for irrigation management. The NAWMDN is helping participants to improve irrigation management and efficiency by monitoring plant growth stages and development, soil moisture, and crop evapotranspiration. As a result, they are reducing irrigation water application amounts and associated energy savings is leading to greater profitability to participating farmers. For example, surveys of 300 NAWMDN participants in 2008 estimated water conservation at an average of 66 mm for maize and 55 mm for soybean on 114,000 ha (58,000 ha of maize and about 56,000 ha of soybean). With 2008 diesel fuel prices, this water conservation was an equivalent of $2,814,000 and $2,270,000 for maize and soybean, respectively, in energy costs saved for the land area represented. Since the beginning of the NAWMDN, over 8,650 producers, crop consultants, and agricultural industry personnel have been reached and educated at over 231 meetings. This article describes the goals and objectives of the Network, technical and educational components, operational functions, and procedures used in the NAWMDN. The quantitative impacts in terms of water and energy conservation are reported." Author: 'Irmak, Suat; Rees, Jennifer M.; Zoubek, Gary L.; van DeWalle, Brandy S.; Rathje, William R.; DeBuhr, Rodney; Leininger, Dan; Siekman, Darrel D.; Schneider, James W.; Christiansen, Andrew P.' DOI: 10.13031/2013.32066 ISSN: 0883-8542 Issue: 4 Journal: Applied Engineering in Agriculture Keywords: Water conservation; Irrigation management; Reference evapotranspiration; Crop evapotranspiration; Soil moisture Pages: 599-613 Place Published: 'St. Joseph, MI' Publisher: ASABE Title: 'Nebraska Agricultural Water Management Demonstration Network (NAWMDN): Integrating research and extension/outreach' Volume: 26 Year: 2010 _record_number: 23538 _uuid: a56403f7-94cd-4e15-bcb4-267da7214768 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.13031/2013.32066 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a56403f7-94cd-4e15-bcb4-267da7214768.yaml identifier: a56403f7-94cd-4e15-bcb4-267da7214768 uri: /reference/a56403f7-94cd-4e15-bcb4-267da7214768 - attrs: Abstract: 'Previous studies examining future changes in heat/cold waves using climate model ensembles have been limited to grid cell-average quantities. Here, we make use of an urban parameterization in the Community Earth System Model (CESM) that represents the urban heat island effect, which can exacerbate extreme heat but may ameliorate extreme cold in urban relative to rural areas. Heat/cold wave characteristics are derived for U.S. regions from a bias-corrected CESM 30-member ensemble for climate outcomes driven by the RCP8.5 forcing scenario and a 15-member ensemble driven by RCP4.5. Significant differences are found between urban and grid cell-average heat/cold wave characteristics. Most notably, urban heat waves for 1981–2005 are more intense than grid cell-average by 2.1 °C (southeast) to 4.6 °C (southwest), while cold waves are less intense. We assess the avoided climate impacts of urban heat/cold waves in 2061–2080 when following the lower forcing scenario. Urban heat wave days per year increase from 6 in 1981–2005 to up to 92 (southeast) in RCP8.5. Following RCP4.5 reduces heat wave days by about 50 %. Large avoided impacts are demonstrated for individual communities; e.g., the longest heat wave for Houston in RCP4.5 is 38 days while in RCP8.5 there is one heat wave per year that is longer than a month with some lasting the entire summer. Heat waves also start later in the season in RCP4.5 (earliest are in early May) than RCP8.5 (mid-April), compared to 1981–2005 (late May). In some communities, cold wave events decrease from 2 per year for 1981–2005 to one-in-five year events in RCP4.5 and one-in-ten year events in RCP8.5.' Author: 'Oleson, K. W.; Anderson, G. B.; Jones, B.; McGinnis, S. A.; Sanderson, B.' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-015-1504-1 Date: September 23 ISSN: 1573-1480 Journal: Climatic Change Title: Avoided climate impacts of urban and rural heat and cold waves over the U.S. using large climate model ensembles for RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 Type of Article: journal article Year: 2015 _record_number: 23564 _uuid: a5d430bc-5756-42d1-924f-3dbc927e69c4 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-015-1504-1 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a5d430bc-5756-42d1-924f-3dbc927e69c4.yaml identifier: a5d430bc-5756-42d1-924f-3dbc927e69c4 uri: /reference/a5d430bc-5756-42d1-924f-3dbc927e69c4 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Anderson, G.B.\rBell, M.L." DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002313 ISSN: 1552-9924 Issue: 2 Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives Pages: 210-218 Title: 'Heat waves in the United States: Mortality risk during heat waves and effect modification by heat wave characteristics in 43 U.S. communities' Volume: 119 Year: 2011 _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL","Ch. 18: Midwest FINAL"]' _record_number: 837 _uuid: a6714dce-b324-4324-a88e-d31d31fa2d95 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1289/ehp.1002313 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a6714dce-b324-4324-a88e-d31d31fa2d95.yaml identifier: a6714dce-b324-4324-a88e-d31d31fa2d95 uri: /reference/a6714dce-b324-4324-a88e-d31d31fa2d95 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Mann, Michael E.; Gleick, Peter H.' DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1503667112 Date: 'March 31, 2015' Issue: 13 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pages: 3858-3859 Title: Climate change and California drought in the 21st century Volume: 112 Year: 2015 _record_number: 19784 _uuid: a6768848-84dd-4d43-b3fd-83a4ea5e8c2c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1503667112 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a6768848-84dd-4d43-b3fd-83a4ea5e8c2c.yaml identifier: a6768848-84dd-4d43-b3fd-83a4ea5e8c2c uri: /reference/a6768848-84dd-4d43-b3fd-83a4ea5e8c2c - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: "Walsh, John\rWuebbles, Donald\rHayhoe, Katharine\rKossin, James\rKunkel, Kenneth\rStephens, Graeme\rThorne, Peter\rVose, Russell\rWehner, Michael\rWillis, Josh\rAnderson, David\rDoney, Scott\rFeely, Richard\rHennon, Paula\rKharin, Viatcheslav\rKnutson, Thomas\rLanderer, Felix\rLenton, Tim\rKennedy, John\rSomerville, Richard" Book Title: 'Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment' DOI: 10.7930/J0KW5CXT Editor: 'Melillo, Jerry M.; Richmond, Terese (T.C.); Yohe, Gary W.' Pages: 19-67 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program Reviewer: a6a312ba-6fd1-4006-9a60-45112db52190 Title: 'Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate' URL: http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/our-changing-climate/introduction Year: 2014 _chapter: '["Ch. 0: About this Report FINAL"]' _record_number: 4713 _uuid: a6a312ba-6fd1-4006-9a60-45112db52190 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/nca3/chapter/our-changing-climate href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a6a312ba-6fd1-4006-9a60-45112db52190.yaml identifier: a6a312ba-6fd1-4006-9a60-45112db52190 uri: /reference/a6a312ba-6fd1-4006-9a60-45112db52190 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Kassel, Kathleen; Alex Melton; Rosanna Mentzer Morrison' Institution: USDA Economic Research Service Pages: 27 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Report Number: AP-078 Title: 'Selected charts from Ag and Food Statistics: Charting the Essentials' URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/85463/ap-078.pdf?v=43025 Year: 2017 _record_number: 25555 _uuid: a72ad8b0-77de-44f6-94f6-430dacc1bd69 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/selected-charts-ag-food-statistics-charting-essentials href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a72ad8b0-77de-44f6-94f6-430dacc1bd69.yaml identifier: a72ad8b0-77de-44f6-94f6-430dacc1bd69 uri: /reference/a72ad8b0-77de-44f6-94f6-430dacc1bd69 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'State of California,' Place Published: 'Sacramento, CA' Publisher: California Department of Water Resources Title: Sustainable Groundwater Management URL: http://www.water.ca.gov/groundwater/sgm/ Year: 2016 _record_number: 23638 _uuid: a7f65acb-6a76-40fc-8d42-e90119259f42 reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/29115a9a-6f59-45ec-88d4-8e6a812f7522 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a7f65acb-6a76-40fc-8d42-e90119259f42.yaml identifier: a7f65acb-6a76-40fc-8d42-e90119259f42 uri: /reference/a7f65acb-6a76-40fc-8d42-e90119259f42 - attrs: Author: 'Díaz, Robert J.; Rosenberg, Rutger' DOI: 10.1080/07900627.2010.531379 Date: 2011/03/01 ISSN: 0790-0627 Issue: 1 Journal: International Journal of Water Resources Development Pages: 71-82 Publisher: Routledge Title: Introduction to environmental and economic consequences of hypoxia Volume: 27 Year: 2011 _record_number: 25574 _uuid: a9708eb3-aa48-4434-919d-ccac9f56ee34 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1080/07900627.2010.531379 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a9708eb3-aa48-4434-919d-ccac9f56ee34.yaml identifier: a9708eb3-aa48-4434-919d-ccac9f56ee34 uri: /reference/a9708eb3-aa48-4434-919d-ccac9f56ee34 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Baenziger, P. Stephen ; Rita Mumm; Rex Bernardo; E. Charles Brummer; Peter Langridge; Philipp Simon; Stephen Smith' Institution: Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST) Pages: 24 Place Published: 'Ames, IA' Series Volume: CAST Issue Paper 57 Title: Plant Breeding and Genetics. A Paper in the Series on The Need for Agricultural Innovation to Sustainably Feed the World by 2050 URL: http://www.cast-science.org/publications/?plant_breeding_and_genetics&show=product&productID=284583 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23602 _uuid: aa176a1e-7be0-4a50-9099-3656f2bb7d42 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/plant-breeding-genetics-paper-series-on-need-agricultural-innovation-sustainably-feed-world-by-2050 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/aa176a1e-7be0-4a50-9099-3656f2bb7d42.yaml identifier: aa176a1e-7be0-4a50-9099-3656f2bb7d42 uri: /reference/aa176a1e-7be0-4a50-9099-3656f2bb7d42 - attrs: Abstract: 'The standard US diet contributes to greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) from both the food system, and from the health system through its contribution to non-communicable diseases. To estimate the potential for diet change to reduce GHGE and improve public health, we analyzed the effect of adopting healthier model diets in the USA on the risk of disease, health care costs, and GHGE. We found that adoption of healthier diets reduced the relative risk of coronary heart disease, colorectal cancer, and type 2 diabetes by 20–45%, US health care costs by US$B 77–93 per year, and direct GHGE by 222–826 kg CO2e capita−1 year−1 (69–84 kg from the health care system, 153–742 kg from the food system). Emission reductions were equivalent to 6–23% of the US Climate Action Plan’s target of a 17% reduction in 2005 GHGE by 2020, and 24–134% of California’s target of 1990 GHGE levels by 2020. However, there is potential for investment of health care savings to result in rebound up to and greater than 100%, which would increase net GHGE. Given the urgency of improving public health and of mitigating GHGE over the short term, the potential contribution of diet change, and the options for reducing rebound, deserve more research in support of policy.' Author: 'Hallström, Elinor; Gee, Quentin; Scarborough, Peter; Cleveland, David A.' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-017-1912-5 Date: May 01 ISSN: 1573-1480 Issue: 1 Journal: Climatic Change Pages: 199-212 Title: A healthier US diet could reduce greenhouse gas emissions from both the food and health care systems Type of Article: journal article Volume: 142 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23526 _uuid: aa5c6ab0-74a3-40c4-83a3-0093480b9603 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-017-1912-5 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/aa5c6ab0-74a3-40c4-83a3-0093480b9603.yaml identifier: aa5c6ab0-74a3-40c4-83a3-0093480b9603 uri: /reference/aa5c6ab0-74a3-40c4-83a3-0093480b9603 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Key, Nigel; Stacy Sneeringer; David Marquardt' Institution: USDA Economic Research Service Pages: 45 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Series Volume: Economic Research Report No. ERR-175 Title: 'Climate Change, Heat Stress, and U.S. Dairy Production' URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=45282 Year: 2014 _record_number: 23623 _uuid: aa7e61cd-e4b5-47d8-96eb-6ef0dfc4e2ae reftype: Report child_publication: /report/climate-change-heat-stress-us-dairy-production href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/aa7e61cd-e4b5-47d8-96eb-6ef0dfc4e2ae.yaml identifier: aa7e61cd-e4b5-47d8-96eb-6ef0dfc4e2ae uri: /reference/aa7e61cd-e4b5-47d8-96eb-6ef0dfc4e2ae