--- - attrs: Author: 'Garner, J. B.; Douglas, M. L.; Williams, S. R. O.; Wales, W. J.; Marett, L. C.; Nguyen, T. T. T.; Reich, C. M.; Hayes, B. J.' DOI: 10.1038/srep34114 Date: 09/29/online Journal: Scientific Reports Pages: 34114 Publisher: The Author(s) Title: Genomic selection improves heat tolerance in dairy cattle Type of Article: Article Volume: 6 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23521 _uuid: 8745c974-334a-45d8-add8-31d2424d1dd2 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/srep34114 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8745c974-334a-45d8-add8-31d2424d1dd2.yaml identifier: 8745c974-334a-45d8-add8-31d2424d1dd2 uri: /reference/8745c974-334a-45d8-add8-31d2424d1dd2 - attrs: Abstract: 'Dedicated energy crops and crop residues will meet herbaceous feedstock demands for the new bioeconomy in the Central and Eastern USA. Perennial warm-season grasses and corn stover are well-suited to the eastern half of the USA and provide opportunities for expanding agricultural operations in the region. A suite of warm-season grasses and associated management practices have been developed by researchers from the Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and collaborators associated with USDA Regional Biomass Research Centers. Second generation biofuel feedstocks provide an opportunity to increase the production of transportation fuels from recently fixed plant carbon rather than from fossil fuels. Although there is no “one-size-fits-all” bioenergy feedstock, crop residues like corn (Zea mays L.) stover are the most readily available bioenergy feedstocks. However, on marginally productive cropland, perennial grasses provide a feedstock supply while enhancing ecosystem services. Twenty-five years of research has demonstrated that perennial grasses like switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) are profitable and environmentally sustainable on marginally productive cropland in the western Corn Belt and Southeastern USA.' Author: 'Mitchell, R. B.; Schmer, M. R.; Anderson, W. F.; Jin, V.; Balkcom, K. S.; Kiniry, J.; Coffin, A.; White, P.' DOI: 10.1007/s12155-016-9734-2 Date: June 01 ISSN: 1939-1242 Issue: 2 Journal: BioEnergy Research Pages: 384-398 Title: Dedicated energy crops and crop residues for bioenergy feedstocks in the central and eastern USA Type of Article: journal article Volume: 9 Year: 2016 _record_number: 25546 _uuid: 89491e17-4e39-4437-a489-e2020c2411bd reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s12155-016-9734-2 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/89491e17-4e39-4437-a489-e2020c2411bd.yaml identifier: 89491e17-4e39-4437-a489-e2020c2411bd uri: /reference/89491e17-4e39-4437-a489-e2020c2411bd - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'California is currently in the midst of a record-setting drought. The drought began in 2012 and now includes the lowest calendar-year and 12-mo precipitation, the highest annual temperature, and the most extreme drought indicators on record. The extremely warm and dry conditions have led to acute water shortages, groundwater overdraft, critically low streamflow, and enhanced wildfire risk. Analyzing historical climate observations from California, we find that precipitation deficits in California were more than twice as likely to yield drought years if they occurred when conditions were warm. We find that although there has not been a substantial change in the probability of either negative or moderately negative precipitation anomalies in recent decades, the occurrence of drought years has been greater in the past two decades than in the preceding century. In addition, the probability that precipitation deficits co-occur with warm conditions and the probability that precipitation deficits produce drought have both increased. Climate model experiments with and without anthropogenic forcings reveal that human activities have increased the probability that dry precipitation years are also warm. Further, a large ensemble of climate model realizations reveals that additional global warming over the next few decades is very likely to create ∼100% probability that any annual-scale dry period is also extremely warm. We therefore conclude that anthropogenic warming is increasing the probability of co-occurring warm–dry conditions like those that have created the acute human and ecosystem impacts associated with the “exceptional” 2012–2014 drought in California.' Author: 'Diffenbaugh, Noah S.; Swain, Daniel L.; Touma, Danielle' DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1422385112 Date: 'March 31, 2015' Issue: 13 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pages: 3931-3936 Title: Anthropogenic warming has increased drought risk in California Volume: 112 Year: 2015 _record_number: 19545 _uuid: 89e08a41-6091-45fa-a92e-6168a90a8151 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1422385112 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/89e08a41-6091-45fa-a92e-6168a90a8151.yaml identifier: 89e08a41-6091-45fa-a92e-6168a90a8151 uri: /reference/89e08a41-6091-45fa-a92e-6168a90a8151 - attrs: Author: 'Araya, A.; Kisekka, I.; Lin, X.; Vara Prasad, P. V.; Gowda, P. H.; Rice, C.; Andales, A.' DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2017.08.001 Date: 2017/01/01/ ISSN: 2212-0963 Journal: Climate Risk Management Keywords: Maize; Irrigation; RCP; GCM; DSSAT-CSM; Climate change Pages: 139-154 Title: Evaluating the impact of future climate change on irrigated maize production in Kansas Volume: 17 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23496 _uuid: 89e6d677-42f9-4661-b33c-3f6235ef6f1a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.crm.2017.08.001 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/89e6d677-42f9-4661-b33c-3f6235ef6f1a.yaml identifier: 89e6d677-42f9-4661-b33c-3f6235ef6f1a uri: /reference/89e6d677-42f9-4661-b33c-3f6235ef6f1a - attrs: Abstract: 'Six Bos taurus (Hereford) steers (body weight 324 ± 22 kg) were used in a 45-day study with a replicated 3 × 3 Latin-square design. Three treatments [ad libitum feeding (ADLIB); limit feeding, 85% of ad libitum (LIMIT); bunk management feeding where steers were only given access to feed from 1600 to 0800 hours the following day (BUNK)] were imposed over 3 periods, with 2 steers assigned to each treatment in each period. Cattle were managed in a temperature-controlled metabolism unit and were exposed to both thermoneutral (17.7°C–26.1°C) and hot (16.7°C–32.9°C) environmental conditions. By design, during the thermoneutral period, the ADLIB cattle displayed greater intake (P < 0.05) than the LIMIT group, with the BUNK group being intermediate. However, during the hot period, both the LIMIT and BUNK treatment groups increased feed intake 4–5%, whereas feed intake of the ADLIB treatment group declined nearly 2%. During both periods respiration rate (RR, breath/min) followed the same pattern that was observed for feed intake, with the greatest (P < 0.05) RR found in the ADLIB treatment group (81.09 and 109.55, thermoneutral and hot, respectively) and lowest (P < 0.05) RR in the LIMIT treatment group (74.47 and 102.76, thermoneutral and hot, respectively). Rectal temperature (RT) did not differ among treatments during the thermoneutral period or the first hot day, although during the thermoneutral period the ADLIB treatment group did tend to display a lower RT, possibly as a result of other physiological processes (pulse rate and RR) aiding to keep RT lower. During the hot period, differences in RT were found on Day 5, with the LIMIT cattle having lower (P < 0.10) RT (38.92°C) than the ADLIB (39.18°C) cattle, with BUNK cattle RT (39.14°C) being intermediate. However, when hourly data were examined, the ADLIB cattle had greater (P < 0.05) RT than the BUNK and LIMIT at 1800 hours and greater RT (P < 0.05) than the LIMIT group at 1400, 1500, and 1600 hours. Clearly, a change in diurnal RT pattern was obtained by using the LIMIT and BUNK feeding regimen. Both of these groups displayed a peak RT during the hot conditions, between 2100 and 2200 hours, whereas the ADLIB group displayed a peak RT between 1400 and 1500 hours, a time very close to when peak climatic stress occurs.Based on these results it is apparent that feedlot managers could alleviate the effects of adverse hot weather on cattle by utilising either a limit-feeding regimen or altering bunk management practices to prevent feed from being consumed several hours prior to the hottest portion of the day.' Author: 'Holt, Simone M.; Gaughan, John. B.; Mader, Terry L.' DOI: 10.1071/AR03261 Issue: 7 Journal: Australian Journal of Agricultural Research Keywords: 'beef cattle, heat stress, feedlot, feeding regimen.' Pages: 719-725 Title: Feeding strategies for grain-fed cattle in a hot environment Volume: 55 Year: 2004 _record_number: 23533 _uuid: 8ae42581-294f-4427-b071-37ddaf97e41a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1071/AR03261 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8ae42581-294f-4427-b071-37ddaf97e41a.yaml identifier: 8ae42581-294f-4427-b071-37ddaf97e41a uri: /reference/8ae42581-294f-4427-b071-37ddaf97e41a - attrs: Abstract: 'Heat stress has a significant impact on all livestock and poultry species causing economic losses and animal well-being concerns. Providing shade is one heat-abatement strategy that has been studied for years. Material selected to provide shade for animals greatly influences the overall stress reduction provided by shade. A study was conducted to quantify both the environment and animal response, when cattle had no shade access during summertime exposure or were given access to shade provided by three different materials. A total of 32 Black Angus heifers were assigned to one of the four treatment pens according to weight (eight animals per pen). Each pen was assigned a shade treatment: No Shade, Snow Fence, 60% Aluminet Shade Cloth and 100% Shade Cloth. In the shaded treatment pens, the shade structure covered ~40% of the pen (7.5 m2/animal). Animals were moved to a different treatment every 2 weeks in a 4×4 Latin square design to ensure each treatment was applied to each group of animals. Both environmental parameters and physiological responses were measured during the experiment. Environmental parameters included dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, black globe temperature (BGT), solar radiation (SR) and feedlot surface temperature. Animal response measurements included manual respiration rate (RRm), electronic respiration rate (RRe), vaginal temperature (body temperature (BT)), complete blood count (CBC) and plasma cortisol. The environmental data demonstrated changes proportional to the quality of shade offered. However, the animal responses did not follow this same trend. Some of the data suggest that any amount of shade was beneficial to the animals. However, Snow Fence may not offer adequate protection to reduce BT. For some of the parameters (BT, CBC and cortisol), 60% Aluminet and 100% Shade Cloth offers similar protection. The 60% Aluminet lowered RRe the most during extreme conditions. When considering all parameters, environmental and physiological, 60% Aluminet Shade Cloth offered reductions of BGT, SR, feedlot surface temperature and the best (or equal to the best) overall protection for the animals (RRe, RRm, BT, blood parameters).' Author: 'Brown-Brandl, T. M.; Chitko-McKown, C. G.; Eigenberg, R. A.; Mayer, J. J.; Welsh, T. H.; Davis, J. D.; Purswell, J. L.' DOI: 10.1017/S1751731116002664 Database Provider: Cambridge University Press EPub Date: 12/23 ISSN: 1751-7311 Issue: 8 Journal: Animal Keywords: body temperature; cattle; heat stress; respiration rate; shade Name of Database: Cambridge Core Pages: 1344-1353 Publisher: Cambridge University Press Title: Physiological responses of feedlot heifers provided access to different levels of shade Volume: 11 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23507 _uuid: 8df33787-ee0c-42f1-aec2-b095f3895bf3 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1017/S1751731116002664 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8df33787-ee0c-42f1-aec2-b095f3895bf3.yaml identifier: 8df33787-ee0c-42f1-aec2-b095f3895bf3 uri: /reference/8df33787-ee0c-42f1-aec2-b095f3895bf3 - attrs: Author: 'Mader, Terry L.; Griffin, Dee' DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2015.03.006 ISSN: 0749-0720 Issue: 2 Journal: 'Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice' Pages: 247-258 Publisher: Elsevier Title: Management of cattle exposed to adverse environmental conditions Volume: 31 Year: 2015 _record_number: 23556 _uuid: 8e18ab12-1505-4f37-83fd-6da142422a43 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.cvfa.2015.03.006 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8e18ab12-1505-4f37-83fd-6da142422a43.yaml identifier: 8e18ab12-1505-4f37-83fd-6da142422a43 uri: /reference/8e18ab12-1505-4f37-83fd-6da142422a43 - attrs: Abstract: 'Extreme heat is a significant public health challenge in urban environments that disproportionally impacts vulnerable members of society. In this research, demographic, economic and climate projections are brought together with a statistical approach linking extreme heat and mortality in Houston, Texas. The sensitivity of heat-related non-accidental mortality to future changes of demographics, income and climate is explored. We compare climate change outcomes associated with two different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, which describe alternate future scenarios for greenhouse gas emissions and concentrations. For each RCP, we explore demographic and economic scenarios for two plausible Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), SSP3 and SSP5. Our findings suggest that non-accidental mortality in 2061–2080 may increase for all combinations of RCP and SSP scenarios compared to a historical reference period spanning 1991–2010. Notably, increased heat-related non-accidental mortality is associated with changes in the size and age of the population, but the degree of sensitivity is highly uncertain given the breadth of plausible socioeconomic scenarios. Beyond socioeconomic changes, climate change is also important. For each socioeconomic scenario, non-accidental mortality associated with the lower emissions RCP4.5 scenario is projected to be 50 % less than mortality projected under the higher emissions RCP8.5 scenario.' Author: 'Marsha, A.; Sain, S. R.; Heaton, M. J.; Monaghan, A. J.; Wilhelmi, O.V.' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-016-1775-1 Date: August 30 ISSN: 1573-1480 Journal: Climatic Change Title: 'Influences of climatic and population changes on heat-related mortality in Houston, Texas, USA' Type of Article: journal article Year: 2016 _record_number: 23558 _uuid: 8e30bef3-ce8e-4df4-879b-21f809b02998 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-016-1775-1 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8e30bef3-ce8e-4df4-879b-21f809b02998.yaml identifier: 8e30bef3-ce8e-4df4-879b-21f809b02998 uri: /reference/8e30bef3-ce8e-4df4-879b-21f809b02998 - attrs: Abstract: 'The Great Plains region of the United States is an agricultural production center for the global market and, as such, an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This article uses historical agricultural census data and ecosystem models to estimate the magnitude of annual GHG fluxes from all agricultural sources (e.g., cropping, livestock raising, irrigation, fertilizer production, tractor use) in the Great Plains from 1870 to 2000. Here, we show that carbon (C) released during the plow-out of native grasslands was the largest source of GHG emissions before 1930, whereas livestock production, direct energy use, and soil nitrous oxide emissions are currently the largest sources. Climatic factors mediate these emissions, with cool and wet weather promoting C sequestration and hot and dry weather increasing GHG release. This analysis demonstrates the long-term ecosystem consequences of both historical and current agricultural activities, but also indicates that adoption of available alternative management practices could substantially mitigate agricultural GHG fluxes, ranging from a 34% reduction with a 25% adoption rate to as much as complete elimination with possible net sequestration of C when a greater proportion of farmers adopt new agricultural practices.' Author: 'Parton, William J.; Gutmann, Myron P.; Merchant, Emily R.; Hartman, Melannie D.; Adler, Paul R.; McNeal, Frederick M.; Lutz, Susan M.' DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1416499112 Date: 'August 25, 2015' Issue: 34 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pages: E4681-E4688 Title: 'Measuring and mitigating agricultural greenhouse gas production in the US Great Plains, 1870–2000' Volume: 112 Year: 2015 _record_number: 23566 _uuid: 8e77c2a4-9af8-428f-b5fd-67bf2ece89cb reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1416499112 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8e77c2a4-9af8-428f-b5fd-67bf2ece89cb.yaml identifier: 8e77c2a4-9af8-428f-b5fd-67bf2ece89cb uri: /reference/8e77c2a4-9af8-428f-b5fd-67bf2ece89cb - attrs: Abstract: 'Miscanthus represents a key candidate energy crop for use in biomass‐to‐liquid fuel‐conversion processes and biorefineries to produce a range of liquid fuels and chemicals; it has recently attracted considerable attention. Its yield, elemental composition, carbohydrate and lignin content and composition are of high importance to be reviewed for future biofuel production and development. Starting from Miscanthus, various pre‐treatment technologies have recently been developed in the literature to break down the lignin structure, disrupt the crystalline structure of cellulose, and enhance its enzyme digestibility. These technologies included chemical, physicochemical, and biological pre‐treatments. Due to its significantly lower concentrations of moisture and ash, Miscanthus also represents a key candidate crop for use in biomass‐to‐liquid conversion processes to produce a range of liquid fuels and chemicals by thermochemical conversion. The goal of this paper is to review the current status of the technology for biofuel production from this crop within a biorefinery context.' Author: 'Brosse, Nicolas; Dufour, Anthony; Meng, Xianzhi; Sun, Qining; Ragauskas, Arthur' DOI: 10.1002/bbb.1353 Issue: 5 Journal: 'Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining' Pages: 580-598 Title: 'Miscanthus: A fast‐growing crop for biofuels and chemicals production' Volume: 6 Year: 2012 _record_number: 25587 _uuid: 8ee0df47-ffba-46a4-a233-7942a996792c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/bbb.1353 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8ee0df47-ffba-46a4-a233-7942a996792c.yaml identifier: 8ee0df47-ffba-46a4-a233-7942a996792c uri: /reference/8ee0df47-ffba-46a4-a233-7942a996792c - attrs: Abstract: 'Observations show global sea level is rising due to climate change, with the highest rates in the tropical Pacific Ocean where many of the world’s low-lying atolls are located. Sea-level rise is particularly critical for low-lying carbonate reef-lined atoll islands; these islands have limited land and water available for human habitation, water and food sources, and ecosystems that are vulnerable to inundation from sea-level rise. Here we demonstrate that sea-level rise will result in larger waves and higher wave-driven water levels along atoll islands’ shorelines than at present. Numerical model results reveal waves will synergistically interact with sea-level rise, causing twice as much land forecast to be flooded for a given value of sea-level rise than currently predicted by current models that do not take wave-driven water levels into account. Atolls with islands close to the shallow reef crest are more likely to be subjected to greater wave-induced run-up and flooding due to sea-level rise than those with deeper reef crests farther from the islands’ shorelines. It appears that many atoll islands will be flooded annually, salinizing the limited freshwater resources and thus likely forcing inhabitants to abandon their islands in decades, not centuries, as previously thought.' Author: 'Storlazzi, Curt D.; Elias, Edwin P. L.; Berkowitz, Paul' DOI: 10.1038/srep14546 Database Provider: PubMed Central Date: 2015/09/25/ ISSN: 2045-2322 Journal: Scientific Reports Keywords: Sea level; coastal inundation; impact; atolls; migration; wind and waves; coastal effects Pages: 14546 Title: Many atolls may be uninhabitable within decades due to climate change Volume: 5 Year: 2015 _record_number: 22521 _uuid: 8fd88741-58fd-4753-ae35-af3a2ed38915 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/srep14546 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8fd88741-58fd-4753-ae35-af3a2ed38915.yaml identifier: 8fd88741-58fd-4753-ae35-af3a2ed38915 uri: /reference/8fd88741-58fd-4753-ae35-af3a2ed38915 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'EPA,' Publisher: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Title: 'Climate Change Indicators: Heavy Precipitation' URL: https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heavy-precipitation Year: 2016 _record_number: 23645 _uuid: 909a0b17-06fc-4995-a5b2-d837cabc4b6d reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/c46ca30e-8070-4226-aa7c-9546d6990ebf href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/909a0b17-06fc-4995-a5b2-d837cabc4b6d.yaml identifier: 909a0b17-06fc-4995-a5b2-d837cabc4b6d uri: /reference/909a0b17-06fc-4995-a5b2-d837cabc4b6d - attrs: Author: 'Maresch, Wayne; Walbridge, Mark R.; Kugler, Daniel' DOI: 10.2489/jswc.63.6.198A Date: 'November 1, 2008' Issue: 6 Journal: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Pages: 198A-203A Title: 'Enhancing conservation on agricultural landscapes: A new direction for the Conservation Effects Assessment Project' Volume: 63 Year: 2008 _record_number: 26127 _uuid: 90c9d28c-4d1c-403c-8418-483c0fd939e8 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.2489/jswc.63.6.198A href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/90c9d28c-4d1c-403c-8418-483c0fd939e8.yaml identifier: 90c9d28c-4d1c-403c-8418-483c0fd939e8 uri: /reference/90c9d28c-4d1c-403c-8418-483c0fd939e8 - attrs: Author: 'Blanc, Elodie; Caron, Justin; Fant, Charles; Monier, Erwan' DOI: 10.1002/2016EF000473 ISSN: 2328-4277 Issue: 8 Journal: Earth's Future Keywords: Crop yields; irrigation; climate change; Mitigation policy; 0402 Agricultural systems; 1627 Coupled models of the climate system; 1630 Impacts of global change; 1842 Irrigation Pages: 877-892 Publisher: 'Wiley Periodicals, Inc.' Title: 'Is current irrigation sustainable in the United States? An integrated assessment of climate change impact on water resources and irrigated crop yields' Volume: 5 Year: 2017 _record_number: 21470 _uuid: 9183bef5-0e8c-4126-859c-15075554448a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/2016EF000473 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9183bef5-0e8c-4126-859c-15075554448a.yaml identifier: 9183bef5-0e8c-4126-859c-15075554448a uri: /reference/9183bef5-0e8c-4126-859c-15075554448a - attrs: Author: 'Lobell, D.B.; Schlenker, W.; Costa-Roberts, J.' DOI: 10.1126/science.1204531 ISSN: 0036-8075 Issue: 6042 Journal: Science NIHMSID: ' NCA' Pages: 616-620 Title: Climate trends and global crop production since 1980 Volume: 333 Year: 2011 _record_number: 14290 _uuid: 9282485a-e4e4-42d8-b8c5-2cd00eecb3fd reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.1204531 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9282485a-e4e4-42d8-b8c5-2cd00eecb3fd.yaml identifier: 9282485a-e4e4-42d8-b8c5-2cd00eecb3fd uri: /reference/9282485a-e4e4-42d8-b8c5-2cd00eecb3fd - attrs: Abstract: 'Cover crops have long been touted for their ability to reduce erosion, fix atmospheric nitrogen, reduce nitrogen leaching, and improve soil health. In recent decades, there has been resurgence in cover crop adoption that is synchronous with a heightened awareness of climate change. Climate change mitigation and adaptation may be additional, important ecosystem services provided by cover crops, but they lie outside of the traditional list of cover cropping benefits. Here, we review the potential for cover crops to mitigate climate change by tallying all of the positive and negative impacts of cover crops on the net global warming potential of agricultural fields. Then, we use lessons learned from two contrasting regions to evaluate how cover crops affect adaptive management for precipitation and temperature change. Three key outcomes from this synthesis are (1) Cover crop effects on greenhouse gas fluxes typically mitigate warming by ~100 to 150 g CO2 e/m2/year, which is higher than mitigation from transitioning to no-till. The most important terms in the budget are soil carbon sequestration and reduced fertilizer use after legume cover crops. (2) The surface albedo change due to cover cropping, calculated for the first time here using case study sites in central Spain and Pennsylvania, USA, may mitigate 12 to 46 g CO2 e/m2/year over a 100-year time horizon. And (3) Cover crop management can also enable climate change adaptation at these case study sites, especially through reduced vulnerability to erosion from extreme rain events, increased soil water management options during droughts or periods of soil saturation, and retention of nitrogen mineralized due to warming. Overall, we found very few tradeoffs between cover cropping and climate change mitigation and adaptation, suggesting that ecosystem services that are traditionally expected from cover cropping can be promoted synergistically with services related to climate change.' Author: 'Kaye, Jason P.; Quemada, Miguel' DOI: 10.1007/s13593-016-0410-x Date: January 19 ISSN: 1773-0155 Issue: 1 Journal: Agronomy for Sustainable Development Pages: 4 Title: Using cover crops to mitigate and adapt to climate change. A review Type of Article: journal article Volume: 37 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23545 _uuid: 94c2d912-8ac9-4c32-958c-6918f5cc079a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s13593-016-0410-x href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/94c2d912-8ac9-4c32-958c-6918f5cc079a.yaml identifier: 94c2d912-8ac9-4c32-958c-6918f5cc079a uri: /reference/94c2d912-8ac9-4c32-958c-6918f5cc079a - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Frank, Dorothea; Reichstein, Markus; Bahn, Michael; Thonicke, Kirsten; Frank, David; Mahecha, Miguel D.; Smith, Pete; van der Velde, Marijn; Vicca, Sara; Babst, Flurin; Beer, Christian; Buchmann, Nina; Canadell, Josep G.; Ciais, Philippe; Cramer, Wolfgang; Ibrom, Andreas; Miglietta, Franco; Poulter, Ben; Rammig, Anja; Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Walz, Ariane; Wattenbach, Martin; Zavala, Miguel A.; Zscheischler, Jakob' DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12916 ISSN: 1365-2486 Issue: 8 Journal: Global Change Biology Keywords: carbon cycle; climate change; climate extremes; climate variability; disturbance; terrestrial ecosystems Pages: 2861-2880 Title: 'Effects of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle: Concepts, processes and potential future impacts' Volume: 21 Year: 2015 _record_number: 19777 _uuid: 95a21b96-f699-4b5c-8281-e1d6e2c8398f reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1111/gcb.12916 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/95a21b96-f699-4b5c-8281-e1d6e2c8398f.yaml identifier: 95a21b96-f699-4b5c-8281-e1d6e2c8398f uri: /reference/95a21b96-f699-4b5c-8281-e1d6e2c8398f - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'U.S. Federal Government,' Keywords: added by ERG Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: United States Global Change Research Program Title: 'U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit: Coastal Erosion [web page]' URL: https://toolkit.climate.gov/topics/coastal-flood-risk/coastal-erosion Year: 2016 _record_number: 26126 _uuid: 95ab23a5-e563-4867-b5e6-de459c24ffa5 reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/2ac7b155-1ee1-4c12-98f7-efa90aee0917 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/95ab23a5-e563-4867-b5e6-de459c24ffa5.yaml identifier: 95ab23a5-e563-4867-b5e6-de459c24ffa5 uri: /reference/95ab23a5-e563-4867-b5e6-de459c24ffa5 - attrs: Author: 'Fournel, Sébastien; Ouellet, Véronique; Charbonneau, Édith' DOI: 10.3390/ani7050037 ISSN: 2076-2615 Issue: 5 Journal: Animals Pages: 37 Title: 'Practices for alleviating heat stress of dairy cows in humid continental climates: A literature review' Volume: 7 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23612 _uuid: 960c1d15-f397-45d3-b5e2-abba191aeed7 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3390/ani7050037 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/960c1d15-f397-45d3-b5e2-abba191aeed7.yaml identifier: 960c1d15-f397-45d3-b5e2-abba191aeed7 uri: /reference/960c1d15-f397-45d3-b5e2-abba191aeed7 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'ERS,' Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: USDA Economic Research Service (ERS) Title: 'U.S. Agricultural Trade at a Glance [web site]' URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/international-markets-us-trade/us-agricultural-trade/us-agricultural-trade-at-a-glance/ Year: 2018 _record_number: 26133 _uuid: 975a48e2-8df7-4ad7-9278-2c8940e7a91a reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/f099385d-0800-4c2b-bc2e-a919a61ebe98 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/975a48e2-8df7-4ad7-9278-2c8940e7a91a.yaml identifier: 975a48e2-8df7-4ad7-9278-2c8940e7a91a uri: /reference/975a48e2-8df7-4ad7-9278-2c8940e7a91a - attrs: Author: 'Davies, Jess' DOI: 10.1038/543309a Journal: Nature Pages: 309-311 Title: The business case for soil Volume: 543 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23514 _uuid: 9b37a44d-d7d9-4720-988f-99e726feef94 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/543309a href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9b37a44d-d7d9-4720-988f-99e726feef94.yaml identifier: 9b37a44d-d7d9-4720-988f-99e726feef94 uri: /reference/9b37a44d-d7d9-4720-988f-99e726feef94 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Ratcliffe, Susan; Matthew Baur; Hugh Beckie; Loren Giesler; Norman Leppla; Jill Schroeder' Institution: Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST) Pages: 20 Place Published: 'Ames, IA' Series Volume: CAST Issue Paper 58 Title: Crop Protection Contributions Toward Agricultural Productivity. A Paper in the Series on The Need for Agricultural Innovation to Sustainably Feed the World by 2050 URL: http://www.cast-science.org/publications/?crop_protection_contributions_toward_agricultural_productivity&show=product&productID=284599 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23603 _uuid: 9be3da44-0c39-418f-8dbb-1aca0400d6f7 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/crop-protection-contributions-toward-agricultural-productivity-paper-series-on-need-agricultural-innovation-sustainably-feed-world-by-2050 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9be3da44-0c39-418f-8dbb-1aca0400d6f7.yaml identifier: 9be3da44-0c39-418f-8dbb-1aca0400d6f7 uri: /reference/9be3da44-0c39-418f-8dbb-1aca0400d6f7 - attrs: Abstract: 'The Anthropocene is characterized by a worldwide spread of hypoxia, among other manifestations, which threatens aquatic ecosystem functions, services, and biodiversity. The primary cause of hypoxia onset in recent decades is human‐triggered eutrophication. Global warming has also been demonstrated to contribute to the increase of hypoxic conditions. However, the precise role of both environmental forcings on hypoxia dynamics over the long term remains mainly unknown due to a lack of historical monitoring. In this study, we used an innovative paleolimnological approach on three large European lakes to quantify past hypoxia dynamics and to hierarchies the contributions of climate and nutrients. Even for lake ecosystems that have been well oxygenated over a millennia‐long period, and regardless of past climatic fluctuations, a shift to hypoxic conditions occurred in the 1950s in response to an unprecedented rise in total phosphorus concentrations above 10 ± 5 µg P L−1. Following this shift, hypoxia never disappeared despite the fact that environmental policies succeeded in drastically reducing lake phosphorus concentrations. During that period, decadal fluctuations in hypoxic volume were great, ranging between 0.5 and 8% of the total lake volumes. We demonstrate, through statistical modeling, that these fluctuations were essentially driven by climatic factors, such as river discharge and air temperature. In lakes Geneva and Bourget, which are fed by large river systems, fluctuations in hypoxic volume were negatively correlated with river discharge. In contrast, the expansion of hypoxia has been related only to warmer air temperatures at Annecy, which is fed by small river systems. Hence, we outline a theoretical framework assuming that restored lake ecosystems have inherited hypoxia from the eutrophication period and have shifted to a new stable state with new key controls of water and ecosystem quality. We suggest that controlling river discharge may be a complementary strategy for local management of lakes fed by large river systems.' Author: 'Jenny, Jean‐Philippe; Arnaud, Fabien; Alric, Benjamin; Dorioz, Jean‐Marcel; Sabatier, Pierre; Meybeck, Michel; Perga, Marie‐Elodie' DOI: 10.1002/2014GB004932 Issue: 12 Journal: Global Biogeochemical Cycles Pages: 1413-1423 Title: 'Inherited hypoxia: A new challenge for reoligotrophicated lakes under global warming' Volume: 28 Year: 2014 _record_number: 25559 _uuid: 9d253a75-6b9e-4c25-8c5c-b410c84d9c96 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/2014GB004932 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9d253a75-6b9e-4c25-8c5c-b410c84d9c96.yaml identifier: 9d253a75-6b9e-4c25-8c5c-b410c84d9c96 uri: /reference/9d253a75-6b9e-4c25-8c5c-b410c84d9c96 - attrs: Abstract: 'Variability of heat stress illness (HSI) by urbanicity and climate region has rarely been considered in previous HSI studies. We investigated temporal and geographic trends in HSI emergency department (ED) visits in CDC Environmental Public Health Tracking Network (Tracking) states for 2005–2010. We obtained county-level HSI ED visit data for 14 Tracking states. We used the National Center for Health Statistics Urban–Rural Classification Scheme to categorize counties by urbanicity as (1) large central metropolitan (LCM), (2) large fringe metropolitan, (3) small–medium metropolitan, or (4) nonmetropolitan (NM). We also assigned counties to one of six US climate regions. Negative binomial regression was used to examine trends in HSI ED visits over time across all counties and by urbanicity for each climate region, adjusting for pertinent variables. During 2005–2010, there were 98,462 HSI ED visits in the 14 states. ED visits for HSI decreased 3.0 % (p < 0.01) per year. Age-adjusted incidence rates of HSI ED visits increased from most urban to most rural. Overall, ED visits were significantly higher for NM areas (IRR = 1.41, p < 0.01) than for LCM areas. The same pattern was observed in all six climate regions; compared with LCM, NM areas had from 14 to 90 % more ED visits for HSI. These findings of significantly increased HSI ED visit rates in more rural settings suggest a need to consider HSI ED visit variability by county urbanicity and climate region when designing and implementing local HSI preventive measures and interventions.' Author: 'Fechter-Leggett, Ethan D.; Vaidyanathan, Ambarish; Choudhary, Ekta' DOI: 10.1007/s10900-015-0064-7 Date: February 01 ISSN: 1573-3610 Issue: 1 Journal: Journal of Community Health Pages: 57-69 Title: 'Heat stress illness emergency department visits in national environmental public health tracking states, 2005–2010' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 41 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23607 _uuid: 9d4b4e3f-1739-4e8f-ab0b-610dd5276da3 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10900-015-0064-7 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9d4b4e3f-1739-4e8f-ab0b-610dd5276da3.yaml identifier: 9d4b4e3f-1739-4e8f-ab0b-610dd5276da3 uri: /reference/9d4b4e3f-1739-4e8f-ab0b-610dd5276da3 - attrs: Abstract: 'Heat kills more people than any other weather-related event in the USA, resulting in hundreds of fatalities each year. In North Carolina, heat-related illness accounts for over 2,000 yearly emergency department admissions. In this study, data on emergency department (ED) visits for heat-related illness (HRI) were obtained from the North Carolina Disease Event Tracking and Epidemiologic Collection Tool to identify spatiotemporal relationships between temperature and morbidity across six warm seasons (May–September) from 2007 to 2012. Spatiotemporal relationships are explored across different regions (e.g., coastal plain, rural) and demographics (e.g., gender, age) to determine the differential impact of heat stress on populations. This research reveals that most cases of HRI occur on days with climatologically normal temperatures (e.g., 31 to 35 °C); however, HRI rates increase substantially on days with abnormally high daily maximum temperatures (e.g., 31 to 38 °C). HRI ED visits decreased on days with extreme heat (e.g., greater than 38 °C), suggesting that populations are taking preventative measures during extreme heat and therefore mitigating heat-related illness.' Author: 'Sugg, Margaret M.; Konrad, Charles E.; Fuhrmann, Christopher M.' DOI: 10.1007/s00484-015-1060-4 Date: May 01 ISSN: 1432-1254 Issue: 5 Journal: International Journal of Biometeorology Pages: 663-675 Title: 'Relationships between maximum temperature and heat-related illness across North Carolina, USA' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 60 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23581 _uuid: a0403ee4-f787-4078-bcba-64cdd6cc9cb1 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s00484-015-1060-4 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a0403ee4-f787-4078-bcba-64cdd6cc9cb1.yaml identifier: a0403ee4-f787-4078-bcba-64cdd6cc9cb1 uri: /reference/a0403ee4-f787-4078-bcba-64cdd6cc9cb1