--- - attrs: Abstract: 'Biochar additions to soils can improve soil-water storage capability; however, there is sparse information identifying feedstocks and pyrolysis conditions that maximize this improvement. Nine biochars were pyrolyzed from five feedstocks at two temperatures, and their physical and chemical properties were characterized. Biochars were mixed at 2% wt wt−1 into a Norfolk loamy sand (Fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kandiudult), a Declo silt loam (Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic xeric Haplocalcid), or a Warden silt loam (Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic xeric Haplocambid). Untreated soils served as controls. Soils were laboratory incubated in pots for 127 days and were leached about every 30 days with deionized water. Soil bulk densities were measured before each leaching event. For 6 days thereafter, pot-holding capacities (PHC) for water were determined gravimetrically and were used as a surrogate for soil-moisture contents. Water tension curves were also measured on the biochar-treated and untreated Norfolk soil. Biochar surface area, surface tension, ash, C, and Si contents, in general, increased when produced under higher pyrolytic temperatures (≥500°C). Both switchgrass biochars caused the most significant water PHC improvements in the Norfolk, Declo, and Warden soils compared with the controls. Norfolk soil-water tension results at 5 and 60 kPa corroborated that biochar from switchgrass caused the most significant moisture storage improvements. Significant correlation occurred between the PHC for water with soil bulk densities. In general, biochar amendments enhanced the moisture storage capacity of Ultisols and Aridisols, but the effect varied with feedstock selection and pyrolysis temperature.' Author: 'Novak, Jeffrey M.; Busscher, Warren J.; Watts, Donald W.; Amonette, James E.; Ippolito, James A.; Lima, Isabel M.; Gaskin, Julia; Das, K. C.; Steiner, Christoph; Ahmedna, Mohamed; Rehrah, Djaafar; Schomberg, Harry' DOI: 10.1097/SS.0b013e31824e5593 ISSN: 0038-075X Issue: 5 Journal: Soil Science Keywords: Aridisol; biochar; GRACEnet; soil moisture; Ultisol Pages: 310-320 Title: Biochars impact on soil-moisture storage in an Ultisol and two Aridisols Volume: 177 Year: 2012 _record_number: 25544 _uuid: 35c90ff0-81c5-40f7-be34-8c7d832e69fc reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1097/SS.0b013e31824e5593 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/35c90ff0-81c5-40f7-be34-8c7d832e69fc.yaml identifier: 35c90ff0-81c5-40f7-be34-8c7d832e69fc uri: /reference/35c90ff0-81c5-40f7-be34-8c7d832e69fc - attrs: Abstract: 'This report addresses the development of dryland oilseed crops to provide feedstock for production of biofuels in semi-arid portions of the northwestern USA. Bioenergy feedstocks derived from Brassica oilseed crops have been considered for production of hydrotreated renewable jet fuel, but crop growth and yields in the northwestern region are limited by a lack of plant available water. Based on a review of the scientific literature, several areas were identified where research could be directed to provide improvements. The current agronomic limitations for oilseed production are mainly due to seedling establishment under extreme heat, dry seedbeds at optimum planting times, survival under extreme cold, and interspecific competition with weeds. To improve emergence and stand establishment, future work should focus on developing soil management and seeding techniques that optimize plant available water, reduce heat stress, and provide a competitive advantage against weeds that are customized for specific crops, soil types, and soil and environmental conditions. Spring and winter cultivars are needed that offer increased seedling vigor, drought resistance, and cold tolerance.' Author: 'Long, D. S.; Young, F. L.; Schillinger, W. F.; Reardon, C. L.; Williams, J. D.; Allen, B. L.; Pan, W. L.; Wysocki, D. J.' DOI: 10.1007/s12155-016-9719-1 Date: June 01 ISSN: 1939-1242 Issue: 2 Journal: BioEnergy Research Pages: 412-429 Title: Development of dryland oilseed production systems in northwestern region of the USA Type of Article: journal article Volume: 9 Year: 2016 _record_number: 25549 _uuid: 3618ca51-690c-4dfe-8136-5c398ff2786f reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s12155-016-9719-1 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3618ca51-690c-4dfe-8136-5c398ff2786f.yaml identifier: 3618ca51-690c-4dfe-8136-5c398ff2786f uri: /reference/3618ca51-690c-4dfe-8136-5c398ff2786f - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'FEMA,' Institution: 'Department of Homeland Security, Emergence Preparedness and Response' Pages: 62 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Title: The California Fires Coordination Group. A Report to the Secretary of Homeland Security URL: https://www.fema.gov/pdf/library/draft_cfcg_report_0204.pdf Year: 2004 _record_number: 25570 _uuid: 3753670c-572d-4523-b503-f15a60454fcd reftype: Report child_publication: /report/california-fires-coordination-group-report-secretary-homeland-security href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3753670c-572d-4523-b503-f15a60454fcd.yaml identifier: 3753670c-572d-4523-b503-f15a60454fcd uri: /reference/3753670c-572d-4523-b503-f15a60454fcd - attrs: Author: 'Mader, T. L.; Holt, S. M.; Hahn, G. L.; Davis, M. S.; Spiers, D. E.' DOI: 10.2527/2002.8092373x Issue: 9 Journal: Journal of Animal Science Language: English Pages: 2373-2382 Title: Feeding strategies for managing heat load in feedlot cattle Volume: 80 Year: 2002 _record_number: 23627 _uuid: 37ed3902-a0a7-4e27-9ee3-d227ee4465ea reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.2527/2002.8092373x href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/37ed3902-a0a7-4e27-9ee3-d227ee4465ea.yaml identifier: 37ed3902-a0a7-4e27-9ee3-d227ee4465ea uri: /reference/37ed3902-a0a7-4e27-9ee3-d227ee4465ea - attrs: Author: 'Garbrecht, Jurgen D.; Steiner, Jean L.; Cox, Craig A.' DOI: 10.1002/hyp.6853 Issue: 19 Journal: Hydrological Processes Pages: 2677-2679 Title: 'The times they are changing: Soil and water conservation in the 21st century' Volume: 21 Year: 2007 _record_number: 26128 _uuid: 38649302-7d94-4d5d-89bb-e50bd9eb242b reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/hyp.6853 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/38649302-7d94-4d5d-89bb-e50bd9eb242b.yaml identifier: 38649302-7d94-4d5d-89bb-e50bd9eb242b uri: /reference/38649302-7d94-4d5d-89bb-e50bd9eb242b - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'A combination of climate events (e.g., low precipitation and high temperatures) may cause a significant impact on the ecosystem and society, although individual events involved may not be severe extremes themselves. Analyzing historical changes in concurrent climate extremes is critical to preparing for and mitigating the negative effects of climatic change and variability. This study focuses on the changes in concurrences of heatwaves and meteorological droughts from 1960 to 2010. Despite an apparent hiatus in rising temperature and no significant trend in droughts, we show a substantial increase in concurrent droughts and heatwaves across most parts of the United States, and a statistically significant shift in the distribution of concurrent extremes. Although commonly used trend analysis methods do not show any trend in concurrent droughts and heatwaves, a unique statistical approach discussed in this study exhibits a statistically significant change in the distribution of the data.' Author: 'Mazdiyasni, Omid; AghaKouchak, Amir' DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1422945112 Date: 'September 15, 2015' Issue: 37 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pages: 11484-11489 Title: Substantial increase in concurrent droughts and heatwaves in the United States Volume: 112 Year: 2015 _record_number: 20268 _uuid: 38b0ec9f-8c00-428f-9ec9-6214f617515d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1422945112 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/38b0ec9f-8c00-428f-9ec9-6214f617515d.yaml identifier: 38b0ec9f-8c00-428f-9ec9-6214f617515d uri: /reference/38b0ec9f-8c00-428f-9ec9-6214f617515d - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'U.S. Bureau of Reclamation,' Institution: 'U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation' Pages: 50 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Title: 'Reclamation: Managing Water in the West, Climate Change Adaptation Strategy' URL: https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=760006 Year: 2014 _record_number: 23644 _uuid: 38f2d0cb-3a39-4af2-9777-0072e5d0a30e reftype: Report child_publication: /report/reclamation-managing-water-west-climate-change-adaptation-strategy href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/38f2d0cb-3a39-4af2-9777-0072e5d0a30e.yaml identifier: 38f2d0cb-3a39-4af2-9777-0072e5d0a30e uri: /reference/38f2d0cb-3a39-4af2-9777-0072e5d0a30e - attrs: Author: 'Marshall, N. A.' DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.10.003 Date: 2010/02/01/ ISSN: 0959-3780 Issue: 1 Journal: Global Environmental Change Keywords: Climate change; Adaptive capacity; Adoption; Decision-making; Seasonal climate forecasts; Vulnerability Pages: 36-43 Title: Understanding social resilience to climate variability in primary enterprises and industries Volume: 20 Year: 2010 _record_number: 23559 _uuid: 39a3c52b-f062-44c9-af55-5c028c68f5e6 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.10.003 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/39a3c52b-f062-44c9-af55-5c028c68f5e6.yaml identifier: 39a3c52b-f062-44c9-af55-5c028c68f5e6 uri: /reference/39a3c52b-f062-44c9-af55-5c028c68f5e6 - attrs: Author: 'Novick, Kimberly A.; Ficklin, Darren L.; Stoy, Paul C.; Williams, Christopher A.; Bohrer, Gil; Oishi, A.  Christopher; Papuga, Shirley A.; Blanken, Peter D.; Noormets, Asko; Sulman, Benjamin N.; Scott, Russell L.; Wang, Lixin; Phillips, Richard P.' DOI: 10.1038/nclimate3114 Date: 09/05/online Journal: Nature Climate Change Pages: 1023-1027 Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Title: The increasing importance of atmospheric demand for ecosystem water and carbon fluxes Volume: 6 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23563 _uuid: 3a3fae72-1abc-4a9e-a816-02252ac7c6fe reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/nclimate3114 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3a3fae72-1abc-4a9e-a816-02252ac7c6fe.yaml identifier: 3a3fae72-1abc-4a9e-a816-02252ac7c6fe uri: /reference/3a3fae72-1abc-4a9e-a816-02252ac7c6fe - attrs: Author: 'Amundson, J. L.; Mader, T. L.; Rasby, R. J.; Hu, Q. S.' DOI: 10.2527/jas.2005-611 Issue: 12 Journal: Journal of Animal Science Language: English Pages: 3415-3420 Title: Environmental effects on pregnancy rate in beef cattle Volume: 84 Year: 2006 _record_number: 23494 _uuid: 3a41269d-cb34-4692-a6b1-deab04236368 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.2527/jas.2005-611 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3a41269d-cb34-4692-a6b1-deab04236368.yaml identifier: 3a41269d-cb34-4692-a6b1-deab04236368 uri: /reference/3a41269d-cb34-4692-a6b1-deab04236368 - attrs: Author: 'Scasta, John Derek; Lalman, David L.; Henderson, Leticia' DOI: 10.1016/j.rala.2016.06.006 Date: 2016/08/01/ ISSN: 0190-0528 Issue: 4 Journal: Rangelands Keywords: beef; climate; efficiency; integrated management; rangeland; variability Pages: 204-210 Title: 'Drought mitigation for grazing operations: Matching the animal to the environment' Volume: 38 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23576 _uuid: 3b5d1cf3-abd2-4e80-aad6-3cafae04d060 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.rala.2016.06.006 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3b5d1cf3-abd2-4e80-aad6-3cafae04d060.yaml identifier: 3b5d1cf3-abd2-4e80-aad6-3cafae04d060 uri: /reference/3b5d1cf3-abd2-4e80-aad6-3cafae04d060 - attrs: Abstract: 'Increasing severity of high temperature worldwide presents an alarming threat to the humankind. As evident by massive yield losses in various food crops, the escalating adverse impacts of heat stress (HS) are putting the global food as well as nutritional security at great risk. Intrinsically, plants respond to high temperature stress by triggering a cascade of events and adapt by switching on numerous stress‐responsive genes. However, the complex and poorly understood mechanism of heat tolerance (HT), limited access to the precise phenotyping techniques, and above all, the substantial G × E effects offer major bottlenecks to the progress of breeding for improving HT. Therefore, focus should be given to assess the crop diversity, and targeting the adaptive/morpho‐physiological traits while making selections. Equally important is the rapid and precise introgression of the HT‐related gene(s)/QTLs to the heat‐susceptible cultivars to recover the genotypes with enhanced HT. Therefore, the progressive tailoring of the heat‐tolerant genotypes demands a rational integration of molecular breeding, functional genomics and transgenic technologies reinforced with the next‐generation phenomics facilities.' Author: 'Jha, Uday Chand; Bohra, Abhishek; Singh, Narendra Pratap' DOI: 10.1111/pbr.12217 Issue: 6 Journal: Plant Breeding Pages: 679-701 Title: 'Heat stress in crop plants: Its nature, impacts and integrated breeding strategies to improve heat tolerance' Volume: 133 Year: 2014 _record_number: 25558 _uuid: 3b7eff1e-db02-49a9-9afc-75f9161c896a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1111/pbr.12217 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3b7eff1e-db02-49a9-9afc-75f9161c896a.yaml identifier: 3b7eff1e-db02-49a9-9afc-75f9161c896a uri: /reference/3b7eff1e-db02-49a9-9afc-75f9161c896a - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'Changes in several components of the hydrological cycle over the contiguous United States have been documented during the twentieth century: an increase of precipitation, especially heavy and very heavy precipitation, and a significant retreat in spring snow cover extent over western regions during the last few decades. These changes have affected streamflow, including the probability of high flow. In the eastern half of the United States a significant relationship is found between the frequency of heavy precipitation and high streamflow events both annually and during the months of maximum streamflow. Two factors contributed to finding such a relation: 1) the relatively small contribution of snowmelt to heavy runoff in the eastern United States (compared to the west), and 2) the presence of a sufficiently dense network of streamflow and precipitation gauges available for analysis. An increase of spring heavy precipitation events over the eastern United States indicates with high probability that during the twentieth century an increase of high streamflow conditions has also occurred. In the West, a statistically significant reduction of snow cover extent has complicated the relation between heavy precipitation and streamflow. Increases in peak stream flow have not been observed here, despite increases in heavy precipitation events, and less extensive snow cover is the likely cause.' Author: Pavel Ya. Groisman; Richard W. Knight; Thomas R. Karl DOI: 10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<0219:hpahsi>2.3.co;2 Issue: 2 Journal: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Pages: 219-246 Title: 'Heavy precipitation and high streamflow in the contiguous United States: Trends in the twentieth century' Volume: 82 Year: 2001 _record_number: 20922 _uuid: 3b99e834-0057-481e-a10c-813718fd9ef3 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082%3C0219:hpahsi%3E2.3.co;2 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3b99e834-0057-481e-a10c-813718fd9ef3.yaml identifier: 3b99e834-0057-481e-a10c-813718fd9ef3 uri: /reference/3b99e834-0057-481e-a10c-813718fd9ef3 - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: 'Sweet, W.V.; R. Horton; R.E. Kopp; A.N. LeGrande; A. Romanou' Book Title: 'Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I' DOI: 10.7930/J0VM49F2 Editor: 'Wuebbles, D.J.; D.W. Fahey; K.A. Hibbard; D.J. Dokken; B.C. Stewart; T.K. Maycock' Pages: 333-363 Place Published: 'Washington, DC, USA' Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program Title: Sea Level Rise Year: 2017 _record_number: 21570 _uuid: 3bae2310-7572-47e2-99a4-9e4276764934 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/sea-level-rise href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3bae2310-7572-47e2-99a4-9e4276764934.yaml identifier: 3bae2310-7572-47e2-99a4-9e4276764934 uri: /reference/3bae2310-7572-47e2-99a4-9e4276764934 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 .text_styles: '' Author: 'Walthall, C.; Backlund, P.; Hatfield, J.; Lengnick, L.; Marshall, E.; Walsh, M.; Adkins, S.; Aillery, M.; Ainsworth, E.A.; Amman, C.; Anderson, C.J.; Bartomeus, I.; Baumgard, L.H.; Booker, F.; Bradley, B.; Blumenthal, D.M.; Bunce, J.; Burkey, K.; Dabney, S.M.; Delgado, J.A.; Dukes, J.; Funk, A.; Garrett, K.; Glenn, M.; Grantz, D.A.; Goodrich, D.; Hu, S.; Izaurralde, R.C.; Jones, R.A.C.; Kim, S-H.; Leaky, A.D.B.; Lewers, K.; Mader, T.L.; McClung, A.; Morgan, J.; Muth, D.J.; Nearing, M.; Oosterhuis, D.M.; Ort, D.; Parmesan, C.; Pettigrew, W.T.; Polley, W.; Rader, R.; Rice, C.; Rivington, M.; Rosskopf, E.; Salas, W.A.; Sollenberger, L.E.; Srygley, R.; Stockle, C.; Takle, E.S.; Timlin, D.; White, J.W.; Winfree, R.; Wright-Morton, L.; Ziska, L.H.' Institution: U.S. Department of Agriculture Pages: 186 Place Published: 'Washington, D.C.' Series Volume: USDA Technical Bulletin 1935 Title: 'Climate Change and Agriculture in the United States: Effects and Adaptation' URL: http://www.usda.gov/oce/climate_change/effects_2012/CC%20and%20Agriculture%20Report%20(02-04-2013)b.pdf Year: 2012 _chapter: '["Ch. 14: Rural Communities FINAL","Ch. 6: Agriculture FINAL"]' _record_number: 3329 _uuid: 3baf471f-751f-4d68-9227-4197fdbb6e5d reftype: Report child_publication: /report/usda-techbul-1935 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3baf471f-751f-4d68-9227-4197fdbb6e5d.yaml identifier: 3baf471f-751f-4d68-9227-4197fdbb6e5d uri: /reference/3baf471f-751f-4d68-9227-4197fdbb6e5d - attrs: .reference_type: 9 Author: 'Pelling, Mark' ISBN: 978-0415477505 Place Published: 'Abingdon, UK' Publisher: Routledge Title: 'Adaptation to Climate Change: From Resilience to Transformation' Year: 2010 _record_number: 23634 _uuid: 3d19f4a6-97fc-4217-ad50-ac4214e6191a reftype: Book child_publication: /book/adaptation-climate-change-resilience-transformation href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3d19f4a6-97fc-4217-ad50-ac4214e6191a.yaml identifier: 3d19f4a6-97fc-4217-ad50-ac4214e6191a uri: /reference/3d19f4a6-97fc-4217-ad50-ac4214e6191a - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'State of California,' Place Published: 'Sacramento, CA' Publisher: California Department of Water Resources Title: Groundwater Sustainability Plan Emergency Regulations URL: http://www.water.ca.gov/groundwater/sgm/gsp.cfm Year: 2016 _record_number: 23639 _uuid: 3ee18cc7-c1bc-476a-a4a3-d58a41530ff7 reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/bf5b20c6-46da-477c-aca9-d0988af3dbf4 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3ee18cc7-c1bc-476a-a4a3-d58a41530ff7.yaml identifier: 3ee18cc7-c1bc-476a-a4a3-d58a41530ff7 uri: /reference/3ee18cc7-c1bc-476a-a4a3-d58a41530ff7 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Špitalar, Maruša; Gourley, Jonathan J.; Lutoff, Celine; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Brilly, Mitja; Carr, Nicholas' DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.004 ISSN: 0022-1694 Journal: Journal of Hydrology Pages: 863-870 Title: Analysis of flash flood parameters and human impacts in the US from 2006 to 2012 Volume: 519 Year: 2014 _chapter: Ch7 _record_number: 17805 _uuid: 3f57831b-3c94-4ca9-863b-594a81f51b20 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.004 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3f57831b-3c94-4ca9-863b-594a81f51b20.yaml identifier: 3f57831b-3c94-4ca9-863b-594a81f51b20 uri: /reference/3f57831b-3c94-4ca9-863b-594a81f51b20 - attrs: Author: 'Blanco-Canqui, Humberto; Shaver, Tim M.; Lindquist, John L.; Shapiro, Charles A.; Elmore, Roger W.; Francis, Charles A.; Hergert, Gary W.' DOI: 10.2134/agronj15.0086 Issue: 6 Journal: Agronomy Journal Language: English Pages: 2449-2474 Title: 'Cover crops and ecosystem services: Insights from studies in temperate soils' Volume: 107 Year: 2015 _record_number: 23505 _uuid: 3f959f26-3b66-4479-a100-1e788a0868b0 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.2134/agronj15.0086 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3f959f26-3b66-4479-a100-1e788a0868b0.yaml identifier: 3f959f26-3b66-4479-a100-1e788a0868b0 uri: /reference/3f959f26-3b66-4479-a100-1e788a0868b0 - attrs: Author: 'Ruisi, Paolo; Saia, Sergio; Badagliacca, Giuseppe; Amato, Gaetano; Frenda, Alfonso Salvatore; Giambalvo, Dario; Di Miceli, Giuseppe' DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2016.02.009 Date: 2016/03/15/ ISSN: 0378-4290 Journal: Field Crops Research Keywords: No tillage; Conventional tillage; NUE; NUpE; NUtE; N-fertilizer recovery; Mediterranean environment Pages: 51-58 Title: 'Long-term effects of no tillage treatment on soil N availability, N uptake, and 15N-fertilizer recovery of durum wheat differ in relation to crop sequence' Volume: 189 Year: 2016 _record_number: 25537 _uuid: 3fad3c04-c072-4c06-a0d8-08d29887cbc2 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.02.009 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3fad3c04-c072-4c06-a0d8-08d29887cbc2.yaml identifier: 3fad3c04-c072-4c06-a0d8-08d29887cbc2 uri: /reference/3fad3c04-c072-4c06-a0d8-08d29887cbc2 - attrs: Author: 'Li, Xiaojie; Kang, Shaozhong; Zhang, Xiaotao; Li, Fusheng; Lu, Hongna' DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2017.09.017 Date: 2018/01/01/ ISSN: 0378-3774 Journal: Agricultural Water Management Keywords: CO concentration; Deficit irrigation; Photosynthesis; Growth; Yield; Water productivity Pages: 71-83 Title: Deficit irrigation provokes more pronounced responses of maize photosynthesis and water productivity to elevated CO2 Volume: 195 Year: 2018 _record_number: 25551 _uuid: 3ffa3a19-6cc5-412d-a407-4db20a1d9a22 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.09.017 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3ffa3a19-6cc5-412d-a407-4db20a1d9a22.yaml identifier: 3ffa3a19-6cc5-412d-a407-4db20a1d9a22 uri: /reference/3ffa3a19-6cc5-412d-a407-4db20a1d9a22 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'TRIP,' Institution: TRIP Pages: 43 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Title: "Rural Connections: Challenges and Opportunities in America's Heartland" URL: http://www.tripnet.org/docs/Rural_Roads_TRIP_Report_May_2015.pdf Year: 2015 _record_number: 23641 _uuid: 40fd4927-7950-49c8-b022-31a8fbafa9d4 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/rural-connections-challenges-opportunities-americas-heartland href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/40fd4927-7950-49c8-b022-31a8fbafa9d4.yaml identifier: 40fd4927-7950-49c8-b022-31a8fbafa9d4 uri: /reference/40fd4927-7950-49c8-b022-31a8fbafa9d4 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Bracmort, Kelsi' Institution: Congressional Research Service Pages: 9 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Report Number: CRS R40186 Title: 'Biochar: Examination of an Emerging Concept to Mitigate Climate Change' URL: https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40186.pdf Year: 2010 _record_number: 25585 _uuid: 415277c4-19d9-49a7-baed-31fa130e3617 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/biochar-examination-an-emerging-concept-mitigate-climate-change href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/415277c4-19d9-49a7-baed-31fa130e3617.yaml identifier: 415277c4-19d9-49a7-baed-31fa130e3617 uri: /reference/415277c4-19d9-49a7-baed-31fa130e3617 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Altieri, Andrew H.; Gedan, Keryn B.' DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12754 ISSN: 1365-2486 Issue: 4 Journal: Global Change Biology Keywords: dissolved oxygen; ecosystem function; estuaries; eutrophication; hypoxia; ocean acidification; sea-level rise; temperature Pages: 1395-1406 Title: Climate change and dead zones Volume: 21 Year: 2015 _record_number: 20004 _uuid: 430ab97c-0236-4d1e-8291-f3a2c1bce65a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1111/gcb.12754 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/430ab97c-0236-4d1e-8291-f3a2c1bce65a.yaml identifier: 430ab97c-0236-4d1e-8291-f3a2c1bce65a uri: /reference/430ab97c-0236-4d1e-8291-f3a2c1bce65a - attrs: Author: 'Dash, Soumya; Chakravarty, A. K.; Singh, Avtar; Upadhyay, Arpan; Singh, Manvendra; Yousuf Saleem' DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.235-244 Issue: 3 Journal: Veterinary World Pages: 235-244 Title: 'Effect of heat stress on reproductive performances of dairy cattle and buffaloes: A review' Volume: 9 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23513 _uuid: 472c5e85-8a7d-47ed-bb31-5eb6ca7e3740 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.14202/vetworld.2016.235-244 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/472c5e85-8a7d-47ed-bb31-5eb6ca7e3740.yaml identifier: 472c5e85-8a7d-47ed-bb31-5eb6ca7e3740 uri: /reference/472c5e85-8a7d-47ed-bb31-5eb6ca7e3740 - attrs: Abstract: 'How drought may change in the future are of great concern as global warming continues. In Part I of this study, we examine the uncertainties in estimating recent drought changes. Substantial uncertainties arise in the calculated Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) with Penman-Monteith potential evapotranspiraiton (PDSI_pm) due to different choices of forcing data (especially for precipitation, solar radiation and wind speed) and the calibration period. After detailed analyses, we recommend using the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) or the Global Precipitation Climatology (GPCP) datasets over other existing land precipitation products due to poor data coverage in the other datasets since the 1990s. We also recommend not to include the years after 1980 in the PDSI calibration period to avoid including the anthropogenic climate change as part of the natural variability used for calibration. Consistent with reported declines in pan evaporation, our calculated potential evapotranspiration (PET) shows negative or small trends since 1950 over the United States, China, and other regions, and no global PET trends from 1950 to 1990. Updated precipitation and streamflow data and the self-calibrated PDSI_pm all show consistent drying during 1950–2012 over most Africa, East and South Asia, southern Europe, eastern Australia, and many parts of the Americas. While these regional drying trends resulted primarily from precipitation changes related to multi-decadal oscillations in Pacific sea surface temperatures, rapid surface warming and associated increases in surface vapor pressure deficit since the 1980s have become an increasingly important cause of widespread drying over land.' Author: 'Dai, Aiguo; Zhao, Tianbao' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-016-1705-2 Date: October 01 ISSN: 1573-1480 Issue: 3 Journal: Climatic Change Pages: 519-533 Title: 'Uncertainties in historical changes and future projections of drought. Part I: estimates of historical drought changes' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 144 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23512 _uuid: 476ae3ff-66e2-4cea-8e8f-6e9946356ed0 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-016-1705-2 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/476ae3ff-66e2-4cea-8e8f-6e9946356ed0.yaml identifier: 476ae3ff-66e2-4cea-8e8f-6e9946356ed0 uri: /reference/476ae3ff-66e2-4cea-8e8f-6e9946356ed0 - attrs: Author: 'Wei, Xiaorong; Shao, Mingan; Gale, William; Li, Linhai' DOI: 10.1038/srep04062 Date: 02/11/online Journal: Scientific Reports Pages: 4062 Publisher: The Author(s) Title: Global pattern of soil carbon losses due to the conversion of forests to agricultural land Type of Article: Article Volume: 4 Year: 2014 _record_number: 25532 _uuid: 47bd7d77-45fb-4ebe-9ea6-a7b3ce8077e7 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/srep04062 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/47bd7d77-45fb-4ebe-9ea6-a7b3ce8077e7.yaml identifier: 47bd7d77-45fb-4ebe-9ea6-a7b3ce8077e7 uri: /reference/47bd7d77-45fb-4ebe-9ea6-a7b3ce8077e7 - attrs: Author: 'Franzluebbers, A. J.' DOI: 10.1016/S0167-1987(02)00027-2 Date: 2002/07/01/ ISSN: 0167-1987 Issue: 2 Journal: Soil and Tillage Research Keywords: Bulk density; Conservation tillage; Macroaggregation; Mean-weight diameter; Soil organic carbon; Soil quality Pages: 197-205 Title: Water infiltration and soil structure related to organic matter and its stratification with depth Volume: 66 Year: 2002 _record_number: 23520 _uuid: 483ba799-c3e0-4852-9fc0-85cf5632efd3 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/S0167-1987(02)00027-2 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/483ba799-c3e0-4852-9fc0-85cf5632efd3.yaml identifier: 483ba799-c3e0-4852-9fc0-85cf5632efd3 uri: /reference/483ba799-c3e0-4852-9fc0-85cf5632efd3 - attrs: Author: 'Abberton, Michael; Batley, Jacqueline; Bentley, Alison; Bryant, John; Cai, Hongwei; Cockram, James; Costa de Oliveira, Antonio; Cseke, Leland J.; Dempewolf, Hannes; De Pace, Ciro; Edwards, David; Gepts, Paul; Greenland, Andy; Hall, Anthony E.; Henry, Robert; Hori, Kiyosumi; Howe, Glenn Thomas; Hughes, Stephen; Humphreys, Mike; Lightfoot, David; Marshall, Athole; Mayes, Sean; Nguyen, Henry T.; Ogbonnaya, Francis C.; Ortiz, Rodomiro; Paterson, Andrew H.; Tuberosa, Roberto; Valliyodan, Babu; Varshney, Rajeev K.; Yano, Masahiro' DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12467 ISSN: 1467-7652 Issue: 4 Journal: Plant Biotechnology Journal Keywords: climate change; food security; sustainability Pages: 1095-1098 Title: 'Global agricultural intensification during climate change: A role for genomics' Volume: 14 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23493 _uuid: 490db94e-a36c-4f8c-8c6a-a006c2177aa1 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1111/pbi.12467 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/490db94e-a36c-4f8c-8c6a-a006c2177aa1.yaml identifier: 490db94e-a36c-4f8c-8c6a-a006c2177aa1 uri: /reference/490db94e-a36c-4f8c-8c6a-a006c2177aa1 - attrs: .publisher: Copernicus Publications .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Rabalais, N. N.; Díaz, R. J.; Levin, L. A.; Turner, R. E.; Gilbert, D.; Zhang, J.' DOI: 10.5194/bg-7-585-2010 ISSN: 1726-4189 Issue: 2 Journal: Biogeosciences Pages: 585-619 Title: Dynamics and distribution of natural and human-caused hypoxia Volume: 7 Year: 2010 _record_number: 20038 _uuid: 492b3c23-ec83-4247-8c2d-38aadea0a560 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.5194/bg-7-585-2010 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/492b3c23-ec83-4247-8c2d-38aadea0a560.yaml identifier: 492b3c23-ec83-4247-8c2d-38aadea0a560 uri: /reference/492b3c23-ec83-4247-8c2d-38aadea0a560 - attrs: Abstract: 'Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, higher temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and other climate change impacts have already begun to affect US agriculture and forestry, with impacts expected to become more substantial in the future. There have been numerous studies of climate change impacts on agriculture or forestry, but relatively little research examining the long-term net impacts of a stabilization scenario relative to a case with unabated climate change. We provide an analysis of the potential benefits of global climate change mitigation for US agriculture and forestry through 2100, accounting for landowner decisions regarding land use, crop mix, and management practices. The analytic approach involves a combination of climate models, a crop process model (EPIC), a dynamic vegetation model used for forests (MC1), and an economic model of the US forestry and agricultural sector (FASOM-GHG). We find substantial impacts on productivity, commodity markets, and consumer and producer welfare for the stabilization scenario relative to unabated climate change, though the magnitude and direction of impacts vary across regions and commodities. Although there is variability in welfare impacts across climate simulations, we find positive net benefits from stabilization in all cases, with cumulative impacts ranging from $32.7 billion to $54.5 billion over the period 2015–2100. Our estimates contribute to the literature on potential benefits of GHG mitigation and can help inform policy decisions weighing alternative mitigation and adaptation actions.' Author: 'Beach, Robert H. ; Yongxia Cai; Allison Thomson; Xuesong Zhang; Russell Jones; Bruce A. McCarl; Allison Crimmins; Jeremy Martinich; Jefferson Cole; Sara Ohrel; Benjamin DeAngelo; James McFarland; Kenneth Strzepek; Brent Boehlert' DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/095004 ISSN: 1748-9326 Issue: 9 Journal: Environmental Research Letters Pages: 095004 Title: 'Climate change impacts on US agriculture and forestry: Benefits of global climate stabilization' Volume: 10 Year: 2015 _record_number: 23500 _uuid: 49d89afb-f314-4386-8d38-213e66de8cad reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/095004 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/49d89afb-f314-4386-8d38-213e66de8cad.yaml identifier: 49d89afb-f314-4386-8d38-213e66de8cad uri: /reference/49d89afb-f314-4386-8d38-213e66de8cad - attrs: Author: 'Bianchi, T. S.; DiMarco, S. F.; Cowan, J. H.; Hetland, R. D.; Chapman, P.; Day, J. W.; Allison, M. A.' DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.047 Date: 2010/03/01/ ISSN: 0048-9697 Issue: 7 Journal: Science of The Total Environment Keywords: Hypoxia; Gulf of Mexico; Management policy Pages: 1471-1484 Title: 'The science of hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: A review' Volume: 408 Year: 2010 _record_number: 25583 _uuid: 4be8c268-ffd6-41a5-88f0-71431a6dc0a0 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.047 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4be8c268-ffd6-41a5-88f0-71431a6dc0a0.yaml identifier: 4be8c268-ffd6-41a5-88f0-71431a6dc0a0 uri: /reference/4be8c268-ffd6-41a5-88f0-71431a6dc0a0 - attrs: Author: 'Malcolm, Scott; Elizabeth Marshall; Paul Heisey; Michael Livingston' Issue: February Periodical Title: Amber Waves Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: USDA Economic Research Service Title: Adaptation can help U.S. crop producers confront climate change URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2013/february/adaptation-can-help-us-crop-producers-confront-climate-change/ Year: 2013 _record_number: 23628 _uuid: 4c23321e-bfed-4ea2-b451-1c73c0c5163f reftype: Electronic Article child_publication: /generic/6b404ea6-0db2-44eb-a185-45b0600e4824 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4c23321e-bfed-4ea2-b451-1c73c0c5163f.yaml identifier: 4c23321e-bfed-4ea2-b451-1c73c0c5163f uri: /reference/4c23321e-bfed-4ea2-b451-1c73c0c5163f - attrs: Abstract: 'Seasonal transitions from winter to spring impact a wide variety of ecological and physical systems. While the effects of early springs across North America are widely documented, changes in their frequency and likelihood under the combined influences of climate change and natural variability are poorly understood. Extremely early springs, such as March 2012, can lead to severe economical losses and agricultural damage when these are followed by hard freeze events. Here we use the new Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble project and Extended Spring Indices to simulate historical and future spring onsets across the United States and in the particular the Great Lakes region. We found a marked increase in the frequency of March 2012-like springs by midcentury in addition to an overall trend towards earlier spring onsets, which nearly doubles that of observational records. However, changes in the date of last freeze do not occur at the same rate, therefore, causing a potential increase in the threat of plant tissue damage. Although large-scale climate modes, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, have previously dominated decadal to multidecadal spring onset trends, our results indicate a decreased role in natural climate variability and hence a greater forced response by the end of the century for modulating trends. Without a major reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, our study suggests that years like 2012 in the US could become normal by mid-century.' Author: 'Labe, Zachary; Ault, Toby; Zurita-Milla, Raul' DOI: 10.1007/s00382-016-3313-2 Date: June 01 ISSN: 1432-0894 Issue: 11 Journal: Climate Dynamics Pages: 3949-3966 Title: Identifying anomalously early spring onsets in the CESM large ensemble project Type of Article: journal article Volume: 48 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23401 _uuid: 4d4ae7e2-bd4f-429c-a696-e60e0156d95f reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s00382-016-3313-2 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4d4ae7e2-bd4f-429c-a696-e60e0156d95f.yaml identifier: 4d4ae7e2-bd4f-429c-a696-e60e0156d95f uri: /reference/4d4ae7e2-bd4f-429c-a696-e60e0156d95f - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Wallander, Steven; Marcel Aillery; Daniel Hellerstein; Michael S. Hand' Institution: 'USDA, Eonomic Research Service' Pages: 68 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Series Volume: Economic Research Report ERR-148 Title: The Role of Conservation Programs in Drought Risk Adaptation URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=45067 Year: 2013 _record_number: 23646 _uuid: 4f84b7cf-4ef4-4a89-a857-188f9dce48f5 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/role-conservation-programs-drought-risk-adaptation href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4f84b7cf-4ef4-4a89-a857-188f9dce48f5.yaml identifier: 4f84b7cf-4ef4-4a89-a857-188f9dce48f5 uri: /reference/4f84b7cf-4ef4-4a89-a857-188f9dce48f5 - attrs: .publisher: Springer Netherlands .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Smith, Adam B.; Katz, Richard W.' DOI: 10.1007/s11069-013-0566-5 Date: 2013/06/01 ISSN: 1573-0840 Issue: 2 Journal: Natural Hazards Keywords: Natural disasters; Losses; Statistics of extreme events; Data sources Language: English Pages: 387-410 Title: 'US billion-dollar weather and climate disasters: Data sources, trends, accuracy and biases' Volume: 67 Year: 2013 _record_number: 19063 _uuid: 4fe32146-a968-4dde-8a2b-df2aa2eabdd4 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s11069-013-0566-5 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4fe32146-a968-4dde-8a2b-df2aa2eabdd4.yaml identifier: 4fe32146-a968-4dde-8a2b-df2aa2eabdd4 uri: /reference/4fe32146-a968-4dde-8a2b-df2aa2eabdd4 - attrs: Author: 'Brown, Joel R.; Herrick, Jeffrey E.' DOI: 10.2489/jswc.71.3.55A Date: 'May 1, 2016' Issue: 3 Journal: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Pages: 55A-60A Title: Making soil health a part of rangeland management Volume: 71 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23506 _uuid: 50f5fa01-b559-4c5b-a9b1-4ab35d132a64 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.2489/jswc.71.3.55A href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/50f5fa01-b559-4c5b-a9b1-4ab35d132a64.yaml identifier: 50f5fa01-b559-4c5b-a9b1-4ab35d132a64 uri: /reference/50f5fa01-b559-4c5b-a9b1-4ab35d132a64 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Hatfield, Jerry; Christopher Swanston; Maria Janowiak ; Rachel F. Steele; Jon Hempel; Juliet Bochicchio; Wendy Hall; Marlene Cole; Sharon Hestvik; John Whitaker' Institution: U.S. Department of Agriculture Pages: 55 Series Editor: Terry Anderson Title: 'USDA Midwest and Northern Forests Regional Climate Hub: Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies' URL: https://www.climatehubs.oce.usda.gov/content/usda-midwest-and-northern-forests-regional-climate-hub-assessment-climate-change Year: 2015 _record_number: 23616 _uuid: 522099e6-74b9-4e20-9b34-c2cba812d955 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/usda-midwest-northern-forests-regional-climate-hub-assessment-climate-change-vulnerability-adaptation-mitigation-strategies href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/522099e6-74b9-4e20-9b34-c2cba812d955.yaml identifier: 522099e6-74b9-4e20-9b34-c2cba812d955 uri: /reference/522099e6-74b9-4e20-9b34-c2cba812d955 - attrs: Abstract: 'The management of livestock breeds and threatened natural population share common challenges, including small effective population sizes, high risk of inbreeding, and the potential benefits and costs associated with mixing disparate gene pools. Here we consider what has been learnt about these issues, the ways in which the knowledge gained from one area might be applied to the other, and the potential of genomics to provide new insights. Although there are key differences stemming from the importance of artificial versus natural selection and the decreased level of environmental heterogeneity experienced by many livestock populations, we suspect that information from genetic rescue in natural populations could be usefully applied to livestock. This includes an increased emphasis on maintaining substantial population sizes at the expense of genetic uniqueness in ensuring future adaptability, and on emphasizing the way that environmental changes can influence the relative fitness of deleterious alleles and genotypes in small populations. We also suspect that information gained from cross-breeding and the maintenance of unique breeds will be increasingly important for the preservation of genetic variation in small natural populations. In particular, selected genes identified in domestic populations provide genetic markers for exploring adaptive evolution in threatened natural populations. Genomic technologies in the two disciplines will be important in the future in realizing genetic gains in livestock and maximizing adaptive capacity in wildlife, and particularly in understanding how parts of the genome may respond differently when exposed to population processes and selection.' Author: 'Kristensen, Torsten N.; Hoffmann, Ary A.; Pertoldi, Cino; Stronen, Astrid V.' Author Address: 'Torsten N. Kristensen,Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University,Aalborg, Denmark,tnk@bio.aau.dk' DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00038 Date: 2015-February-10 ISSN: 1664-8021 Issue: 38 Journal: Frontiers in Genetics Keywords: 'effective population size,Inbreeding,Indigenous breeds,Genetic rescue,Genomics,selection' Language: English Short Title: Livestock breeding and conservation genetics Title: What can livestock breeders learn from conservation genetics and vice versa? Type of Article: Review Volume: 6 Year: 2015 _record_number: 23550 _uuid: 523e9ade-39f5-47f1-b89a-d2cde90af945 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3389/fgene.2015.00038 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/523e9ade-39f5-47f1-b89a-d2cde90af945.yaml identifier: 523e9ade-39f5-47f1-b89a-d2cde90af945 uri: /reference/523e9ade-39f5-47f1-b89a-d2cde90af945 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Moran, Tara; Cravens, Amanda' Institution: Stanford University Water in the West Pages: 30 Place Published: 'Stanford, CA' Title: 'California’s Sustainable Groundwater Management Act of 2014: Recommendations for Preventing and Resolving Groundwater Conflicts' URL: http://waterinthewest.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/SGMA_RecommendationsforGWConflicts_2.pdf Year: 2015 _record_number: 25593 _uuid: 52759313-cbc2-417d-9cfc-53500eb938fc reftype: Report child_publication: /report/californias-sustainable-groundwater-management-act-2014-recommendations-preventing-resolving-groundwater-conflicts href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/52759313-cbc2-417d-9cfc-53500eb938fc.yaml identifier: 52759313-cbc2-417d-9cfc-53500eb938fc uri: /reference/52759313-cbc2-417d-9cfc-53500eb938fc - attrs: Abstract: 'The probability that summer temperatures in the future will exceed the hottest on record during 1920–2014 is projected to increase at all land locations with global warming. Within the BRACE project framework we investigate the sensitivity of this projected change in probability to the choice of emissions scenario using two large ensembles of simulations with the Community Earth System Model. The large ensemble size allows for a robust assessment of the probability of record-breaking temperatures. Globally, the probability that any summer during the period 2061–2081 will be warmer than the hottest on record is 80 % for RCP 8.5 and 41 % for RCP 4.5. Hence, mitigation can reduce the risk of record-breaking temperatures by 39 %. The potential for risk reduction is greatest for some of the most populated regions of the globe. In Europe, for example, a potential risk reduction of over 50 % is projected. Model biases and future changes in temperature variance have only minor effects on the results, as their contribution stays well below 10 % for almost all locations.' Author: 'Lehner, Flavio; Deser, Clara; Sanderson, Benjamin M.' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-016-1616-2 Date: February 16 ISSN: 1573-1480 Issue: 3-4 Journal: Climatic Change Pages: 363-375 Title: Future risk of record-breaking summer temperatures and its mitigation Type of Article: journal article Volume: 146 Year: 2018 _record_number: 23553 _uuid: 53448a8f-22bd-4111-8212-b2204e4d4864 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-016-1616-2 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/53448a8f-22bd-4111-8212-b2204e4d4864.yaml identifier: 53448a8f-22bd-4111-8212-b2204e4d4864 uri: /reference/53448a8f-22bd-4111-8212-b2204e4d4864 - attrs: Abstract: 'Summer fires frequently rage across Mediterranean Europe, often intensified by high temperatures and droughts. According to the state-of-the-art regional fire risk projections, in forthcoming decades climate effects are expected to become stronger and possibly overcome fire prevention efforts. However, significant uncertainties exist and the direct effect of climate change in regulating fuel moisture (e.g. warmer conditions increasing fuel dryness) could be counterbalanced by the indirect effects on fuel structure (e.g. warmer conditions limiting fuel amount), affecting the transition between climate-driven and fuel-limited fire regimes as temperatures increase. Here we analyse and model the impact of coincident drought and antecedent wet conditions (proxy for the climatic factor influencing total fuel and fine fuel structure) on the summer Burned Area (BA) across all eco-regions in Mediterranean Europe. This approach allows BA to be linked to the key drivers of fire in the region. We show a statistically significant relationship between fire and same-summer droughts in most regions, while antecedent climate conditions play a relatively minor role, except in few specific eco-regions. The presented models for individual eco-regions provide insights on the impacts of climate variability on BA, and appear to be promising for developing a seasonal forecast system supporting fire management strategies.' Author: 'Turco, Marco; von Hardenberg, Jost; AghaKouchak, Amir; Llasat, Maria Carmen; Provenzale, Antonello; Trigo, Ricardo M.' DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00116-9 Date: 2017/03/06 ISSN: 2045-2322 Issue: 1 Journal: Scientific Reports Pages: 81 Title: On the key role of droughts in the dynamics of summer fires in Mediterranean Europe Volume: 7 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23586 _uuid: 5425c454-7ae0-4546-8c7d-abb7d9678ba3 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/s41598-017-00116-9 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5425c454-7ae0-4546-8c7d-abb7d9678ba3.yaml identifier: 5425c454-7ae0-4546-8c7d-abb7d9678ba3 uri: /reference/5425c454-7ae0-4546-8c7d-abb7d9678ba3 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'USDA Forest Service,; DOI Office of Wildland Fire,' Institution: Booz Allen Hamilton Pages: 79 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Title: '2014 Quadrennial Fire Review: Final Report' URL: https://www.forestsandrangelands.gov/documents/qfr/2014QFRFinalReport.pdf Year: 2015 _record_number: 26124 _uuid: 57258287-f6f5-4e6e-802b-19f62441ebea reftype: Report child_publication: /report/2014-quadrennial-fire-review-final-report href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/57258287-f6f5-4e6e-802b-19f62441ebea.yaml identifier: 57258287-f6f5-4e6e-802b-19f62441ebea uri: /reference/57258287-f6f5-4e6e-802b-19f62441ebea - attrs: Abstract: 'In the United States, climate change is likely to increase average daily temperatures and the frequency of heat waves, which can reduce meat and milk production in animals. Methods that livestock producers use to mitigate thermal stress—including modifications to animal management or housing—tend to increase production costs. We use operation-level economic data coupled with finely-scaled climate data to estimate how the local thermal environment affects the technical efficiency of dairies across the United States. We then use this information to estimate the possible decline in milk production in 2030 resulting from climate change-induced heat stress under the simplifying assumptions that the production technology, location of production, and other factors are held constant. For four climate model scenarios, the results indicate modest heat-stress-related production declines by 2030, with the largest declines occurring in the southern states.' Author: 'Key, Nigel; Sneeringer, Stacy' DOI: 10.1093/ajae/aau002 ISSN: 0002-9092 Issue: 4 Journal: American Journal of Agricultural Economics Notes: 10.1093/ajae/aau002 Pages: 1136-1156 Title: Potential effects of climate change on the productivity of U.S. dairies Volume: 96 Year: 2014 _record_number: 23547 _uuid: 58255e99-079b-4fe7-a8cb-72a77e348daf reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1093/ajae/aau002 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/58255e99-079b-4fe7-a8cb-72a77e348daf.yaml identifier: 58255e99-079b-4fe7-a8cb-72a77e348daf uri: /reference/58255e99-079b-4fe7-a8cb-72a77e348daf - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'ERS,' Institution: USDA Economic Research Service (ERS) Pages: 6 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Series Volume: Economic Information Bulletin 171 Title: 'Rural Education At A Glance, 2017 Edition' URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/83078/eib-171.pdf?v=42830 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23606 _uuid: 5a980b1c-524c-4a24-9c35-55974a05a0df reftype: Report child_publication: /report/rural-education-at-glance-2017-edition href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5a980b1c-524c-4a24-9c35-55974a05a0df.yaml identifier: 5a980b1c-524c-4a24-9c35-55974a05a0df uri: /reference/5a980b1c-524c-4a24-9c35-55974a05a0df - attrs: Author: 'Young, Stephen L.' DOI: 10.1002/bes2.1315 ISSN: 2327-6096 Issue: 2 Journal: Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America Pages: 165-172 Title: 'As climate shifts, so do pests: A national forum and assessment' Volume: 98 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23592 _uuid: 5aeba9d1-c405-45a2-b259-bd95dcf17a05 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/bes2.1315 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5aeba9d1-c405-45a2-b259-bd95dcf17a05.yaml identifier: 5aeba9d1-c405-45a2-b259-bd95dcf17a05 uri: /reference/5aeba9d1-c405-45a2-b259-bd95dcf17a05 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: "Malcolm, Scott\rMarshall, Elizabeth\rAillery, Marcel\rHeisey, Paul\rLivingston, Michael\rDay-Rubenstein, Kelly " DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2112045 Date: June 2012 Institution: U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service Place Published: 'Washington, D.C.' Title: 'Agricultural Adaptation to a Changing Climate: Economic and Environmental Implications Vary by U.S. Region. USDA-ERS Economic Research Report 136' URL: http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/err-economic-research-report/err136.aspx#.Uup1IHddVlw Year: 2012 _chapter: '["Ch. 6: Agriculture FINAL"]' _record_number: 1861 _uuid: 5b49a288-92b6-4a89-85d3-8170c42a2a68 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/ers-economicresreport-136 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5b49a288-92b6-4a89-85d3-8170c42a2a68.yaml identifier: 5b49a288-92b6-4a89-85d3-8170c42a2a68 uri: /reference/5b49a288-92b6-4a89-85d3-8170c42a2a68 - attrs: Abstract: 'Climate variability and trends affect global crop yields and are characterized as highly dependent on location, crop type, and irrigation. U.S. Great Plains, due to its significance in national food production, evident climate variability, and extensive irrigation is an ideal region of investigation for climate impacts on food production. This paper evaluates climate impacts on maize, sorghum, and soybean yields and effect of irrigation for individual counties in this region by employing extensive crop yield and climate datasets from 1968–2013. Variability in crop yields was a quarter of the regional average yields, with a quarter of this variability explained by climate variability, and temperature and precipitation explained these in singularity or combination at different locations. Observed temperature trend was beneficial for maize yields, but detrimental for sorghum and soybean yields, whereas observed precipitation trend was beneficial for all three crops. Irrigated yields demonstrated increased robustness and an effective mitigation strategy against climate impacts than their non-irrigated counterparts by a considerable fraction. The information, data, and maps provided can serve as an assessment guide for planners, managers, and policy- and decision makers to prioritize agricultural resilience efforts and resource allocation or re-allocation in the regions that exhibit risk from climate variability.' Author: 'Kukal, Meetpal S.; Irmak, Suat' DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21848-2 Date: 2018/02/22 ISSN: 2045-2322 Issue: 1 Journal: Scientific Reports Pages: 3450 Title: Climate-driven crop yield and yield variability and climate change impacts on the U.S. Great Plains agricultural production Volume: 8 Year: 2018 _record_number: 25552 _uuid: 5cbf6744-fd90-4afb-8ba4-90979ee029ce reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/s41598-018-21848-2 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5cbf6744-fd90-4afb-8ba4-90979ee029ce.yaml identifier: 5cbf6744-fd90-4afb-8ba4-90979ee029ce uri: /reference/5cbf6744-fd90-4afb-8ba4-90979ee029ce - attrs: Abstract: 'Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and big bluestem (Andropogon gerdardii Vitman) are potential bioenergy feedstocks. Perennial grasses managed as bioenergy feedstock require nitrogenous inputs, which can cause N2O emission and, thereby, alter their effectiveness to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Few studies have measured N2O emission from perennial grasses managed as feedstock. The objectives of this study were to compare N2O flux and soil organic C (SOC) storage between (i) grasses with legume companion crops or with nitrogenous fertilizer, (ii) two grass harvest times (autumn and spring), and (iii) perennial systems and corn (Zea maize L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (C–S) rotation, all without tillage. Nitrous oxide flux was measured from May 2009 to May 2012, and SOC was measured in 2000, 2006, and 2011. Big bluestem–clover (Dalea) and switchgrass–clover treatments had dramatically reduced annual N2O emissions and yield-scaled emissions compared with the respective grasses with urea fertilizer. Cumulative N2O emission was 14 to 40% greater in the big bluestem-spring and switchgrass-spring treatments compared with respective autumn-harvested treatments. The average cumulative emission in fertilized big bluestem and switchgrass treatments (18.5 kg N2O-N ha-1) exceeded that of the C–S rotation (12.7 kg N2O-N ha-1). The emission factor (EF) for fertilized grasses averaged 2.5%, corn averaged 1.05%, and C–S rotation averaged 1.9%. The SOC storage by perennial grasses was limited to 0 to 5 cm and thus may not be adequate to offset N2O emission. Nitrogen management refinement is recommended for herbaceous perennials to optimize biomass production and minimize N2O emission.' Author: 'Johnson, Jane M. F.; Barbour, Nancy W.' DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2015.12.0436 Issue: 4 Journal: Soil Science Society of America Journal Language: English Pages: 1057-1070 Title: Nitrous oxide emission and soil carbon sequestration from herbaceous perennial biofuel feedstocks Volume: 80 Year: 2016 _record_number: 25556 _uuid: 5d588782-6141-4367-a0ff-3874ef85b4b6 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.2136/sssaj2015.12.0436 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5d588782-6141-4367-a0ff-3874ef85b4b6.yaml identifier: 5d588782-6141-4367-a0ff-3874ef85b4b6 uri: /reference/5d588782-6141-4367-a0ff-3874ef85b4b6 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'In examining intense precipitation over the central United States, the authors consider only days with precipitation when the daily total is above 12.7 mm and focus only on these days and multiday events constructed from such consecutive precipitation days. Analyses show that over the central United States, a statistically significant redistribution in the spectra of intense precipitation days/events during the past decades has occurred. Moderately heavy precipitation events (within a 12.7–25.4 mm day−1 range) became less frequent compared to days and events with precipitation totals above 25.4 mm. During the past 31 yr (compared to the 1948–78 period), significant increases occurred in the frequency of “very heavy” (the daily rain events above 76.2 mm) and extreme precipitation events (defined as daily and multiday rain events with totals above 154.9 mm or 6 in.), with up to 40% increases in the frequency of days and multiday extreme rain events. Tropical cyclones associated with extreme precipitation do not significantly contribute to the changes reported in this study. With time, the internal precipitation structure (e.g., mean and maximum hourly precipitation rates within each preselected range of daily or multiday event totals) did not noticeably change. Several possible causes of observed changes in intense precipitation over the central United States are discussed and/or tested.' Author: "Groisman, P.Y.\rKnight, R.W.\rKarl, T.R." DOI: 10.1175/JHM-D-11-039.1 ISSN: 1525-755X Journal: Journal of Hydrometeorology Keywords: 'North America, ; Hydrologic cycle, ; Extreme events, ; Precipitation, ; In situ observations' Pages: 47-66 Title: Changes in intense precipitation over the central United States URL: http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/JHM-D-11-039.1 Volume: 13 Year: 2012 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL","Ch. 3: Water Resources FINAL","Appendix 3: Climate Science FINAL"]' _record_number: 211 _uuid: 5d909426-fab3-4dc8-af56-e5fe414ca97a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1175/JHM-D-11-039.1 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5d909426-fab3-4dc8-af56-e5fe414ca97a.yaml identifier: 5d909426-fab3-4dc8-af56-e5fe414ca97a uri: /reference/5d909426-fab3-4dc8-af56-e5fe414ca97a