--- - attrs: Author: 'Fournel, Sébastien; Ouellet, Véronique; Charbonneau, Édith' DOI: 10.3390/ani7050037 ISSN: 2076-2615 Issue: 5 Journal: Animals Pages: 37 Title: 'Practices for alleviating heat stress of dairy cows in humid continental climates: A literature review' Volume: 7 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23612 _uuid: 960c1d15-f397-45d3-b5e2-abba191aeed7 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3390/ani7050037 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/960c1d15-f397-45d3-b5e2-abba191aeed7.yaml identifier: 960c1d15-f397-45d3-b5e2-abba191aeed7 uri: /reference/960c1d15-f397-45d3-b5e2-abba191aeed7 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'ERS,' Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: USDA Economic Research Service (ERS) Title: 'U.S. Agricultural Trade at a Glance [web site]' URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/international-markets-us-trade/us-agricultural-trade/us-agricultural-trade-at-a-glance/ Year: 2018 _record_number: 26133 _uuid: 975a48e2-8df7-4ad7-9278-2c8940e7a91a reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/f099385d-0800-4c2b-bc2e-a919a61ebe98 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/975a48e2-8df7-4ad7-9278-2c8940e7a91a.yaml identifier: 975a48e2-8df7-4ad7-9278-2c8940e7a91a uri: /reference/975a48e2-8df7-4ad7-9278-2c8940e7a91a - attrs: Author: 'Davies, Jess' DOI: 10.1038/543309a Journal: Nature Pages: 309-311 Title: The business case for soil Volume: 543 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23514 _uuid: 9b37a44d-d7d9-4720-988f-99e726feef94 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/543309a href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9b37a44d-d7d9-4720-988f-99e726feef94.yaml identifier: 9b37a44d-d7d9-4720-988f-99e726feef94 uri: /reference/9b37a44d-d7d9-4720-988f-99e726feef94 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Ratcliffe, Susan; Matthew Baur; Hugh Beckie; Loren Giesler; Norman Leppla; Jill Schroeder' Institution: Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST) Pages: 20 Place Published: 'Ames, IA' Series Volume: CAST Issue Paper 58 Title: Crop Protection Contributions Toward Agricultural Productivity. A Paper in the Series on The Need for Agricultural Innovation to Sustainably Feed the World by 2050 URL: http://www.cast-science.org/publications/?crop_protection_contributions_toward_agricultural_productivity&show=product&productID=284599 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23603 _uuid: 9be3da44-0c39-418f-8dbb-1aca0400d6f7 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/crop-protection-contributions-toward-agricultural-productivity-paper-series-on-need-agricultural-innovation-sustainably-feed-world-by-2050 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9be3da44-0c39-418f-8dbb-1aca0400d6f7.yaml identifier: 9be3da44-0c39-418f-8dbb-1aca0400d6f7 uri: /reference/9be3da44-0c39-418f-8dbb-1aca0400d6f7 - attrs: Abstract: 'The Anthropocene is characterized by a worldwide spread of hypoxia, among other manifestations, which threatens aquatic ecosystem functions, services, and biodiversity. The primary cause of hypoxia onset in recent decades is human‐triggered eutrophication. Global warming has also been demonstrated to contribute to the increase of hypoxic conditions. However, the precise role of both environmental forcings on hypoxia dynamics over the long term remains mainly unknown due to a lack of historical monitoring. In this study, we used an innovative paleolimnological approach on three large European lakes to quantify past hypoxia dynamics and to hierarchies the contributions of climate and nutrients. Even for lake ecosystems that have been well oxygenated over a millennia‐long period, and regardless of past climatic fluctuations, a shift to hypoxic conditions occurred in the 1950s in response to an unprecedented rise in total phosphorus concentrations above 10 ± 5 µg P L−1. Following this shift, hypoxia never disappeared despite the fact that environmental policies succeeded in drastically reducing lake phosphorus concentrations. During that period, decadal fluctuations in hypoxic volume were great, ranging between 0.5 and 8% of the total lake volumes. We demonstrate, through statistical modeling, that these fluctuations were essentially driven by climatic factors, such as river discharge and air temperature. In lakes Geneva and Bourget, which are fed by large river systems, fluctuations in hypoxic volume were negatively correlated with river discharge. In contrast, the expansion of hypoxia has been related only to warmer air temperatures at Annecy, which is fed by small river systems. Hence, we outline a theoretical framework assuming that restored lake ecosystems have inherited hypoxia from the eutrophication period and have shifted to a new stable state with new key controls of water and ecosystem quality. We suggest that controlling river discharge may be a complementary strategy for local management of lakes fed by large river systems.' Author: 'Jenny, Jean‐Philippe; Arnaud, Fabien; Alric, Benjamin; Dorioz, Jean‐Marcel; Sabatier, Pierre; Meybeck, Michel; Perga, Marie‐Elodie' DOI: 10.1002/2014GB004932 Issue: 12 Journal: Global Biogeochemical Cycles Pages: 1413-1423 Title: 'Inherited hypoxia: A new challenge for reoligotrophicated lakes under global warming' Volume: 28 Year: 2014 _record_number: 25559 _uuid: 9d253a75-6b9e-4c25-8c5c-b410c84d9c96 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/2014GB004932 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9d253a75-6b9e-4c25-8c5c-b410c84d9c96.yaml identifier: 9d253a75-6b9e-4c25-8c5c-b410c84d9c96 uri: /reference/9d253a75-6b9e-4c25-8c5c-b410c84d9c96 - attrs: Abstract: 'Variability of heat stress illness (HSI) by urbanicity and climate region has rarely been considered in previous HSI studies. We investigated temporal and geographic trends in HSI emergency department (ED) visits in CDC Environmental Public Health Tracking Network (Tracking) states for 2005–2010. We obtained county-level HSI ED visit data for 14 Tracking states. We used the National Center for Health Statistics Urban–Rural Classification Scheme to categorize counties by urbanicity as (1) large central metropolitan (LCM), (2) large fringe metropolitan, (3) small–medium metropolitan, or (4) nonmetropolitan (NM). We also assigned counties to one of six US climate regions. Negative binomial regression was used to examine trends in HSI ED visits over time across all counties and by urbanicity for each climate region, adjusting for pertinent variables. During 2005–2010, there were 98,462 HSI ED visits in the 14 states. ED visits for HSI decreased 3.0 % (p < 0.01) per year. Age-adjusted incidence rates of HSI ED visits increased from most urban to most rural. Overall, ED visits were significantly higher for NM areas (IRR = 1.41, p < 0.01) than for LCM areas. The same pattern was observed in all six climate regions; compared with LCM, NM areas had from 14 to 90 % more ED visits for HSI. These findings of significantly increased HSI ED visit rates in more rural settings suggest a need to consider HSI ED visit variability by county urbanicity and climate region when designing and implementing local HSI preventive measures and interventions.' Author: 'Fechter-Leggett, Ethan D.; Vaidyanathan, Ambarish; Choudhary, Ekta' DOI: 10.1007/s10900-015-0064-7 Date: February 01 ISSN: 1573-3610 Issue: 1 Journal: Journal of Community Health Pages: 57-69 Title: 'Heat stress illness emergency department visits in national environmental public health tracking states, 2005–2010' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 41 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23607 _uuid: 9d4b4e3f-1739-4e8f-ab0b-610dd5276da3 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10900-015-0064-7 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9d4b4e3f-1739-4e8f-ab0b-610dd5276da3.yaml identifier: 9d4b4e3f-1739-4e8f-ab0b-610dd5276da3 uri: /reference/9d4b4e3f-1739-4e8f-ab0b-610dd5276da3 - attrs: Abstract: 'Heat kills more people than any other weather-related event in the USA, resulting in hundreds of fatalities each year. In North Carolina, heat-related illness accounts for over 2,000 yearly emergency department admissions. In this study, data on emergency department (ED) visits for heat-related illness (HRI) were obtained from the North Carolina Disease Event Tracking and Epidemiologic Collection Tool to identify spatiotemporal relationships between temperature and morbidity across six warm seasons (May–September) from 2007 to 2012. Spatiotemporal relationships are explored across different regions (e.g., coastal plain, rural) and demographics (e.g., gender, age) to determine the differential impact of heat stress on populations. This research reveals that most cases of HRI occur on days with climatologically normal temperatures (e.g., 31 to 35 °C); however, HRI rates increase substantially on days with abnormally high daily maximum temperatures (e.g., 31 to 38 °C). HRI ED visits decreased on days with extreme heat (e.g., greater than 38 °C), suggesting that populations are taking preventative measures during extreme heat and therefore mitigating heat-related illness.' Author: 'Sugg, Margaret M.; Konrad, Charles E.; Fuhrmann, Christopher M.' DOI: 10.1007/s00484-015-1060-4 Date: May 01 ISSN: 1432-1254 Issue: 5 Journal: International Journal of Biometeorology Pages: 663-675 Title: 'Relationships between maximum temperature and heat-related illness across North Carolina, USA' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 60 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23581 _uuid: a0403ee4-f787-4078-bcba-64cdd6cc9cb1 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s00484-015-1060-4 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a0403ee4-f787-4078-bcba-64cdd6cc9cb1.yaml identifier: a0403ee4-f787-4078-bcba-64cdd6cc9cb1 uri: /reference/a0403ee4-f787-4078-bcba-64cdd6cc9cb1 - attrs: Author: 'Slater, Louise J.; Villarini, Gabriele' DOI: 10.1002/2016GL071199 ISSN: 1944-8007 Issue: 24 Journal: Geophysical Research Letters Keywords: flood; stage; precipitation; water storage; basin wetness; risk; 1821 Floods; 1833 Hydroclimatology; 1854 Precipitation; 4313 Extreme events; 4328 Risk; 8488 Volcanic hazards and risks Pages: '12,428-12,436' Title: Recent trends in U.S. flood risk Volume: 43 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23578 _uuid: a0905615-ac31-42ba-a70f-592a5729fdf7 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/2016GL071199 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a0905615-ac31-42ba-a70f-592a5729fdf7.yaml identifier: a0905615-ac31-42ba-a70f-592a5729fdf7 uri: /reference/a0905615-ac31-42ba-a70f-592a5729fdf7 - attrs: Author: 'Hallström, E.; Carlsson-Kanyama, A.; Börjesson, P.' DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.12.008 Date: 2015/03/15/ ISSN: 0959-6526 Journal: Journal of Cleaner Production Keywords: Review; LCA; Diet; Scenario; Climate; Land use Pages: 1-11 Title: 'Environmental impact of dietary change: A systematic review' Volume: 91 Year: 2015 _record_number: 25565 _uuid: a135e44f-ac84-4613-9c06-e2457e7083ca reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.12.008 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a135e44f-ac84-4613-9c06-e2457e7083ca.yaml identifier: a135e44f-ac84-4613-9c06-e2457e7083ca uri: /reference/a135e44f-ac84-4613-9c06-e2457e7083ca - attrs: Author: 'Pimentel, David; Burgess, Michael' DOI: 10.3390/agriculture3030443 ISSN: 2077-0472 Issue: 3 Journal: Agriculture Pages: 443-463 Title: Soil erosion threatens food production Volume: 3 Year: 2013 _record_number: 23569 _uuid: a1a77335-94af-4990-86b9-57f5764448f8 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3390/agriculture3030443 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a1a77335-94af-4990-86b9-57f5764448f8.yaml identifier: a1a77335-94af-4990-86b9-57f5764448f8 uri: /reference/a1a77335-94af-4990-86b9-57f5764448f8 - attrs: Author: 'Thornton, P.K.' DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0134 ISSN: 0962-8436 Issue: 1554 Journal: 'Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences' NIHMSID: ' NCA' Pages: 2853-2867 Title: 'Livestock production: Recent trends, future prospects' Volume: 365 Year: 2010 _record_number: 15622 _uuid: a1b71240-d505-46e0-9db7-9147b8855af6 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1098/rstb.2010.0134 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a1b71240-d505-46e0-9db7-9147b8855af6.yaml identifier: a1b71240-d505-46e0-9db7-9147b8855af6 uri: /reference/a1b71240-d505-46e0-9db7-9147b8855af6 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'Changes in temperature, CO(2), and precipitation under the scenarios of climate change for the next 30 yr present a challenge to crop production. This review focuses on the impact of temperature, CO(2), and ozone on agronomic crops and the implications for crop production. Understanding these implications for agricultural crops is critical for developing cropping systems resilient to stresses induced by climate change. There is variation among crops in their response to CO(2), temperature, and precipitation changes and, with the regional differences in predicted climate, a situation is created in which the responses will be further complicated. For example, the temperature effects on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] could potentially cause yield reductions of 2.4% in the South but an increase of 1.7% in the Midwest. The frequency of years when temperatures exceed thresholds for damage during critical growth stages is likely to increase for some crops and regions. The increase in CO(2) contributes significantly to enhanced plant growth and improved water use efficiency (WUE); however, there may be a downscaling of these positive impacts due to higher temperatures plants will experience during their growth cycle. A challenge is to understand the interactions of the changing climatic parameters because of the interactions among temperature, CO(2), and precipitation on plant growth and development and also on the biotic stresses of weeds, insects, and diseases. Agronomists will have to consider the variations in temperature and precipitation as part of the production system if they are to ensure the food security required by an ever increasing population.' Alternate Journal: Agron J Author: "Hatfield, J. L.\rBoote, K. J.\rKimball, B. A.\rZiska, L. H.\rIzaurralde, R. C.\rOrt, D.\rThomson, A. M.\rWolfe, D." Author Address: 'Hatfield, JL; Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA; Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA; Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA; Univ Florida, Agron Dep, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA; USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA; USDA, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA; Univ Maryland, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA; Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA; Cornell Univ, Dep Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA' DOI: 10.2134/agronj2010.0303 Date: Mar-Apr ISSN: 1435-0645 Issue: 2 Journal: Agronomy Journal Keywords: air co2 enrichment; atmospheric carbon-dioxide; water-use efficiency; phaseolus-vulgaris l.; solanum-tuberosum l.; rottboellia-cochinchinensis interference; endosperm cell-division; high-temperature stress; soybean glycine-max; long-term exposure Language: English Notes: 740XZ; Times Cited:5; Cited References Count:225 Pages: 351-370 Title: 'Climate impacts on agriculture: Implications for crop production' Volume: 103 Year: 2011 _chapter: '["Ch. 16: Northeast FINAL","Ch. 6: Agriculture FINAL","RG 3 Midwest","Ch. 18: Midwest FINAL","Ch. 21: Northwest FINAL"]' _record_number: 361 _uuid: a2704ef3-5be4-41ee-8dfa-4c82e416a292 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.2134/agronj2010.0303 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a2704ef3-5be4-41ee-8dfa-4c82e416a292.yaml identifier: a2704ef3-5be4-41ee-8dfa-4c82e416a292 uri: /reference/a2704ef3-5be4-41ee-8dfa-4c82e416a292 - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: 'Wehner, M.F.; J.R. Arnold; T. Knutson; K.E. Kunkel; A.N. LeGrande' Book Title: 'Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I' DOI: 10.7930/J0CJ8BNN Editor: 'Wuebbles, D.J.; D.W. Fahey; K.A. Hibbard; D.J. Dokken; B.C. Stewart; T.K. Maycock' Pages: 231-256 Place Published: 'Washington, DC, USA' Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program Title: 'Droughts, Floods, and Wildfires' Year: 2017 _record_number: 21566 _uuid: a29b612b-8c28-4c93-9c18-19314babce89 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/drought-floods-hydrology href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a29b612b-8c28-4c93-9c18-19314babce89.yaml identifier: a29b612b-8c28-4c93-9c18-19314babce89 uri: /reference/a29b612b-8c28-4c93-9c18-19314babce89 - attrs: Author: 'Farrigan, Tracey; Parker, Timothy' Issue: December Periodical Title: Amber Waves Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: USDA Economic Research Service Title: The concentration of poverty is a growing rural problem URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2012/december/concentration-of-poverty Year: 2012 _record_number: 23609 _uuid: a2a02512-dacf-46f0-8f9f-9cb51892a884 reftype: Electronic Article child_publication: /generic/83d540f2-7603-4be1-8d22-81ebafc6a270 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a2a02512-dacf-46f0-8f9f-9cb51892a884.yaml identifier: a2a02512-dacf-46f0-8f9f-9cb51892a884 uri: /reference/a2a02512-dacf-46f0-8f9f-9cb51892a884 - attrs: Abstract: 'Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) addresses the challenge of meeting the growing demand for food, fibre and fuel, despite the changing climate and fewer opportunities for agricultural expansion on additional lands. CSA focuses on contributing to economic development, poverty reduction and food security; maintaining and enhancing the productivity and resilience of natural and agricultural ecosystem functions, thus building natural capital; and reducing trade-offs involved in meeting these goals. Current gaps in knowledge, work within CSA, and agendas for interdisciplinary research and science-based actions identified at the 2013 Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture (Davis, CA, USA) are described here within three themes: (1) farm and food systems, (2) landscape and regional issues and (3) institutional and policy aspects. The first two themes comprise crop physiology and genetics, mitigation and adaptation for livestock and agriculture, barriers to adoption of CSA practices, climate risk management and energy and biofuels (theme 1); and modelling adaptation and uncertainty, achieving multifunctionality, food and fishery systems, forest biodiversity and ecosystem services, rural migration from climate change and metrics (theme 2). Theme 3 comprises designing research that bridges disciplines, integrating stakeholder input to directly link science, action and governance.' Author: 'Steenwerth, Kerri L.; Hodson, Amanda K.; Bloom, Arnold J.; Carter, Michael R.; Cattaneo, Andrea; Chartres, Colin J.; Hatfield, Jerry L.; Henry, Kevin; Hopmans, Jan W.; Horwath, William R.; Jenkins, Bryan M.; Kebreab, Ermias; Leemans, Rik; Lipper, Leslie; Lubell, Mark N.; Msangi, Siwa; Prabhu, Ravi; Reynolds, Matthew P.; Sandoval Solis, Samuel; Sischo, William M.; Springborn, Michael; Tittonell, Pablo; Wheeler, Stephen M.; Vermeulen, Sonja J.; Wollenberg, Eva K.; Jarvis, Lovell S.; Jackson, Louise E.' DOI: 10.1186/2048-7010-3-11 Date: August 26 ISSN: 2048-7010 Issue: 1 Journal: Agriculture & Food Security Pages: 11 Title: 'Climate-smart agriculture global research agenda: Scientific basis for action' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 3 Year: 2014 _record_number: 23580 _uuid: a2b2aa19-07d5-4feb-9f29-b3cfd32d2ef8 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1186/2048-7010-3-11 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a2b2aa19-07d5-4feb-9f29-b3cfd32d2ef8.yaml identifier: a2b2aa19-07d5-4feb-9f29-b3cfd32d2ef8 uri: /reference/a2b2aa19-07d5-4feb-9f29-b3cfd32d2ef8 - attrs: Author: 'Pragna, Prathap; P.R. Archana; Joy Aleena; Veerasamy Sejian; Govindan Krishnan; Madiajagan Bagath; A. Manimaran; V. Beena; E.K. Kurien; Girish Varma; Raghavendra Bhatta' DOI: 10.3923/ijds.2017.1.11 Issue: 1 Journal: International Journal of Dairy Science Pages: 1-11 Title: 'Heat stress and dairy cow: Impact on both milk yield and composition' Volume: 12 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23570 _uuid: a2ccdea7-17d6-459b-b908-f48df4eccd0c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3923/ijds.2017.1.11 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a2ccdea7-17d6-459b-b908-f48df4eccd0c.yaml identifier: a2ccdea7-17d6-459b-b908-f48df4eccd0c uri: /reference/a2ccdea7-17d6-459b-b908-f48df4eccd0c - attrs: Author: 'O’Shaughnessy, Susan A.; Colaizzi, Paul D.' DOI: 10.3390/agronomy7040068 ISSN: 2073-4395 Issue: 4 Journal: Agronomy Pages: 68 Title: Performance of precision mobile drip irrigation in the Texas High Plains region Volume: 7 Year: 2017 _record_number: 25542 _uuid: a3db13d8-8d86-4e23-86fc-e82355c496cb reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3390/agronomy7040068 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a3db13d8-8d86-4e23-86fc-e82355c496cb.yaml identifier: a3db13d8-8d86-4e23-86fc-e82355c496cb uri: /reference/a3db13d8-8d86-4e23-86fc-e82355c496cb - attrs: Abstract: "Despite many challenges faced by animal producers, including environmental problems, diseases, economic pressure, and feed availability, it is still predicted that animal production in developing countries will continue to sustain the future growth of the world's meat production. In these areas, livestock performance is generally lower than those obtained in Western Europe and North America. Although many factors can be involved, climatic factors are among the first and crucial limiting factors of the development of animal production in warm regions. In addition, global warming will further accentuate heat stress-related problems. The objective of this paper was to review the effective strategies to alleviate heat stress in the context of tropical livestock production systems. These strategies can be classified into three groups: those increasing feed intake or decreasing metabolic heat production, those enhancing heat-loss capacities, and those involving genetic selection for heat tolerance. Under heat stress, improved production should be possible through modifications of diet composition that either promotes a higher intake or compensates the low feed consumption. In addition, altering feeding management such as a change in feeding time and/or frequency, are efficient tools to avoid excessive heat load and improve survival rate, especially in poultry. Methods to enhance heat exchange between the environment and the animal and those changing the environment to prevent or limit heat stress can be used to improve performance under hot climatic conditions. Although differences in thermal tolerance exist between livestock species (ruminants > monogastrics), there are also large differences between breeds of a species and within each breed. Consequently, the opportunity may exist to improve thermal tolerance of the animals using genetic tools. However, further research is required to quantify the genetic antagonism between adaptation and production traits to evaluate the potential selection response. With the development of molecular biotechnologies, new opportunities are available to characterize gene expression and identify key cellular responses to heat stress. These new tools will enable scientists to improve the accuracy and the efficiency of selection for heat tolerance. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression and thermal imprinting of the genome could also be an efficient method to improve thermal tolerance. Such techniques (e.g. perinatal heat acclimation) are currently being experimented in chicken." Author: 'Renaudeau, D.; Collin, A.; Yahav, S.; de Basilio, V.; Gourdine, J. L.; Collier, R. J.' DOI: 10.1017/S1751731111002448 Database Provider: Cambridge University Press EPub Date: 12/08 ISSN: 1751-7311 Issue: 5 Journal: Animal Keywords: livestock animals; heat stress; nutrition; cooling; genetic Name of Database: Cambridge Core Pages: 707-728 Publisher: Cambridge University Press Title: Adaptation to hot climate and strategies to alleviate heat stress in livestock production Volume: 6 Year: 2011 _record_number: 23573 _uuid: a4383ca4-be00-434c-a0d9-78e7bec564f7 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1017/S1751731111002448 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a4383ca4-be00-434c-a0d9-78e7bec564f7.yaml identifier: a4383ca4-be00-434c-a0d9-78e7bec564f7 uri: /reference/a4383ca4-be00-434c-a0d9-78e7bec564f7 - attrs: Author: 'Zhao, Jin; Xue, Qingwu; Jessup, Kirk E.; Hao, Baozhen; Hou, Xiaobo; Marek, Thomas H.; Xu, Wenwei; Evett, Steven R.; O’Shaughnessy, Susan A.; Brauer, David K.' DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2017.11.001 Date: 2018/02/01/ ISSN: 0378-4290 Journal: Field Crops Research Keywords: Drought-tolerant hybrid; Soil water extraction; Deficit irrigation; Evapotranspiration Pages: 1-9 Title: Yield and water use of drought-tolerant maize hybrids in a semiarid environment Volume: 216 Year: 2018 _record_number: 25529 _uuid: a4c2aa51-8e45-47c2-a948-2e6988a06dcd reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.11.001 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a4c2aa51-8e45-47c2-a948-2e6988a06dcd.yaml identifier: a4c2aa51-8e45-47c2-a948-2e6988a06dcd uri: /reference/a4c2aa51-8e45-47c2-a948-2e6988a06dcd - attrs: Abstract: 'Climate change will pose risks for the world’s food supply in the coming decades; this comes at a time when the global demand for food is expected to soar based on 2050 world population estimates. It is important to recognize that climate change will necessitate temporal and geographical shifts in food production, but will most likely not result in the collapse of our food systems. However, because of differences in the severity of how climate change will affect agriculture, regional and temporal changes in production and harvest-time will challenge the existing and sometimes outdated agricultural infrastructure with respect to collection, storage, transportation, and distribution of food. Increasing regional and global urbanization will further perturb these systems. Adaptation to climate change with respect to crop and food animal production will have to occur at multiple temporal, seasonal, and geospatial levels. Other major adaptation measures will have to occur with respect to crop selection, genetics, CO2 and temperature sensitivity, and resilience of crops and food animals, water resources, and mitigation of invasive species. Technology, including sophisticated Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based modeling, coupled with publically available soil and weather data that help farmers optimize production and conservation will be essential toward adaptation. Communication of this type of localized technical information to agricultural stakeholders by national, federal, and state entities is beginning to occur in order to help farmers adapt and prepare for extreme events associated with climate change. As the largest agricultural state in the USA, California has developed a robust mitigation and adaptation strategy that may be useful for other nation-states.' Author: 'Pitesky, Maurice; Gunasekara, Amrith; Cook, Carolyn; Mitloehner, Frank' DOI: 10.1007/s40518-014-0006-5 Date: June 01 ISSN: 2196-3010 Issue: 2 Journal: Current Sustainable/Renewable Energy Reports Pages: 43-50 Title: Adaptation of agricultural and food systems to a changing climate and increasing urbanization Type of Article: journal article Volume: 1 Year: 2014 _record_number: 23568 _uuid: a4d81109-2631-4662-a567-950e485cb33c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s40518-014-0006-5 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a4d81109-2631-4662-a567-950e485cb33c.yaml identifier: a4d81109-2631-4662-a567-950e485cb33c uri: /reference/a4d81109-2631-4662-a567-950e485cb33c - attrs: Abstract: 'Wildfire is increasingly a concern in the USA, where 10 million acres burned in 2015. Climate is a primary driver of wildfire, and understanding fire-climate relationships is crucial for informing fire management and modeling the effects of climate change on fire. In the southwestern USA, fire-climate relationships have been informed by tree-ring data that extend centuries prior to the onset of fire exclusion in the late 1800s. Variability in cool-season precipitation has been linked to fire occurrence, but the effects of the summer North American monsoon on fire are less understood, as are the effects of climate on fire seasonality. We use a new set of reconstructions for cool-season (October–April) and monsoon-season (July–August) moisture conditions along with a large new fire scar dataset to examine relationships between multi-seasonal climate variability, fire extent, and fire seasonality in the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico (1599–1899 CE). Results suggest that large fires burning in all seasons are strongly influenced by the current year cool-season moisture, but fires burning mid-summer to fall are also influenced by monsoon moisture. Wet conditions several years prior to the fire year during the cool season, and to a lesser extent during the monsoon season, are also important for spring through late-summer fires. Persistent cool-season drought longer than 3 years may inhibit fires due to the lack of moisture to replenish surface fuels. This suggests that fuels may become increasingly limiting for fire occurrence in semi-arid regions that are projected to become drier with climate change.' Author: 'Margolis, E. Q.; Woodhouse, C. A.; Swetnam, T. W.' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-017-1958-4 Date: June 01 ISSN: 1573-1480 Issue: 3 Journal: Climatic Change Pages: 433-446 Title: 'Drought, multi-seasonal climate, and wildfire in northern New Mexico' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 142 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23557 _uuid: a5604aed-9a6f-468e-acf4-f4a0bb574d3e reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-017-1958-4 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a5604aed-9a6f-468e-acf4-f4a0bb574d3e.yaml identifier: a5604aed-9a6f-468e-acf4-f4a0bb574d3e uri: /reference/a5604aed-9a6f-468e-acf4-f4a0bb574d3e - attrs: Abstract: ". Maximizing the net benefits of irrigated plant production through appropriately designed agricultural water management programs is of growing importance in Nebraska, and other western and Midwestern states, because many areas are involved in management and policy changes to conserve irrigation water. In Nebraska, farmers are being challenged to practice conservation methods and use water resources more efficiently while meeting plant water requirements and maintaining high yields. Another challenge Nebraska experiences in it's approximately 3.5-million-ha irrigated lands is limited adoption of newer technologies/tools to help farmers better manage irrigation, conserve water and energy, and increase plant water use efficiency. In 2005, the Nebraska Agricultural Water Management Demonstration Network (NAWMDN or Network) was formed from an interdisciplinary team of partners including the Natural Resources Districts (NRD); USDA-NRCS; farmers from south central, northeast, west central, and western Nebraska; crop consultants; and University of Nebraska-Lincoln faculty. The main goal of the Network is to enable the transfer of high quality research-based information to Nebraskans through a series of demonstration projects established in farmers' fields and implement newer tools and technologies to address and enhance plant water use efficiency, water conservation, and reduce energy consumption for irrigation. The demonstration projects are supported by the scientifically-based field research and evaluation projects conducted at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, South Central Agricultural Laboratory located near Clay Center, Nebraska. The Network was formed with only 15 farmers as collaborators in only one of the 23 NRDs in 2005. As of late 2009, the number of active collaborators has increased to over 300 in 12 NRDs and 35 of 93 counties. The Network is impacting both water and energy conservation due to farmers adopting information and newer technologies for irrigation management. The NAWMDN is helping participants to improve irrigation management and efficiency by monitoring plant growth stages and development, soil moisture, and crop evapotranspiration. As a result, they are reducing irrigation water application amounts and associated energy savings is leading to greater profitability to participating farmers. For example, surveys of 300 NAWMDN participants in 2008 estimated water conservation at an average of 66 mm for maize and 55 mm for soybean on 114,000 ha (58,000 ha of maize and about 56,000 ha of soybean). With 2008 diesel fuel prices, this water conservation was an equivalent of $2,814,000 and $2,270,000 for maize and soybean, respectively, in energy costs saved for the land area represented. Since the beginning of the NAWMDN, over 8,650 producers, crop consultants, and agricultural industry personnel have been reached and educated at over 231 meetings. This article describes the goals and objectives of the Network, technical and educational components, operational functions, and procedures used in the NAWMDN. The quantitative impacts in terms of water and energy conservation are reported." Author: 'Irmak, Suat; Rees, Jennifer M.; Zoubek, Gary L.; van DeWalle, Brandy S.; Rathje, William R.; DeBuhr, Rodney; Leininger, Dan; Siekman, Darrel D.; Schneider, James W.; Christiansen, Andrew P.' DOI: 10.13031/2013.32066 ISSN: 0883-8542 Issue: 4 Journal: Applied Engineering in Agriculture Keywords: Water conservation; Irrigation management; Reference evapotranspiration; Crop evapotranspiration; Soil moisture Pages: 599-613 Place Published: 'St. Joseph, MI' Publisher: ASABE Title: 'Nebraska Agricultural Water Management Demonstration Network (NAWMDN): Integrating research and extension/outreach' Volume: 26 Year: 2010 _record_number: 23538 _uuid: a56403f7-94cd-4e15-bcb4-267da7214768 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.13031/2013.32066 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a56403f7-94cd-4e15-bcb4-267da7214768.yaml identifier: a56403f7-94cd-4e15-bcb4-267da7214768 uri: /reference/a56403f7-94cd-4e15-bcb4-267da7214768 - attrs: Abstract: 'Previous studies examining future changes in heat/cold waves using climate model ensembles have been limited to grid cell-average quantities. Here, we make use of an urban parameterization in the Community Earth System Model (CESM) that represents the urban heat island effect, which can exacerbate extreme heat but may ameliorate extreme cold in urban relative to rural areas. Heat/cold wave characteristics are derived for U.S. regions from a bias-corrected CESM 30-member ensemble for climate outcomes driven by the RCP8.5 forcing scenario and a 15-member ensemble driven by RCP4.5. Significant differences are found between urban and grid cell-average heat/cold wave characteristics. Most notably, urban heat waves for 1981–2005 are more intense than grid cell-average by 2.1 °C (southeast) to 4.6 °C (southwest), while cold waves are less intense. We assess the avoided climate impacts of urban heat/cold waves in 2061–2080 when following the lower forcing scenario. Urban heat wave days per year increase from 6 in 1981–2005 to up to 92 (southeast) in RCP8.5. Following RCP4.5 reduces heat wave days by about 50 %. Large avoided impacts are demonstrated for individual communities; e.g., the longest heat wave for Houston in RCP4.5 is 38 days while in RCP8.5 there is one heat wave per year that is longer than a month with some lasting the entire summer. Heat waves also start later in the season in RCP4.5 (earliest are in early May) than RCP8.5 (mid-April), compared to 1981–2005 (late May). In some communities, cold wave events decrease from 2 per year for 1981–2005 to one-in-five year events in RCP4.5 and one-in-ten year events in RCP8.5.' Author: 'Oleson, K. W.; Anderson, G. B.; Jones, B.; McGinnis, S. A.; Sanderson, B.' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-015-1504-1 Date: September 23 ISSN: 1573-1480 Journal: Climatic Change Title: Avoided climate impacts of urban and rural heat and cold waves over the U.S. using large climate model ensembles for RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 Type of Article: journal article Year: 2015 _record_number: 23564 _uuid: a5d430bc-5756-42d1-924f-3dbc927e69c4 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-015-1504-1 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a5d430bc-5756-42d1-924f-3dbc927e69c4.yaml identifier: a5d430bc-5756-42d1-924f-3dbc927e69c4 uri: /reference/a5d430bc-5756-42d1-924f-3dbc927e69c4 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Anderson, G.B.\rBell, M.L." DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002313 ISSN: 1552-9924 Issue: 2 Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives Pages: 210-218 Title: 'Heat waves in the United States: Mortality risk during heat waves and effect modification by heat wave characteristics in 43 U.S. communities' Volume: 119 Year: 2011 _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL","Ch. 18: Midwest FINAL"]' _record_number: 837 _uuid: a6714dce-b324-4324-a88e-d31d31fa2d95 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1289/ehp.1002313 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a6714dce-b324-4324-a88e-d31d31fa2d95.yaml identifier: a6714dce-b324-4324-a88e-d31d31fa2d95 uri: /reference/a6714dce-b324-4324-a88e-d31d31fa2d95