---
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caption: 'Protecting vulnerable people and places from the impacts of climate change involves infrastructure design (for example, green space and highly reflective roofing), along with social and institutional change (such as designating cooling centers). Social equity is supported by widespread participation in adaptation decision-making by non-profit organizations, local businesses, vulnerable populations, school districts, city governments, utility providers, and others. Source: EPA.'
chapter:
  doi: 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH11
  identifier: built-environment-urban-systems-and-cities
  number: 11
  report_identifier: nca4
  sort_key: 111
  title: 'Built Environment, Urban Systems, and Cities'
  url: https://nca2018.globalchange.gov/chapter/11/
chapter_identifier: built-environment-urban-systems-and-cities
cited_by: []
contributors:
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    id: 34913
    organization:
      country_code: US
      identifier: us-environmental-protection-agency
      international: ~
      name: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
      organization_type_identifier: federal
      url: http://www.epa.gov/
    organization_uri: /organization/us-environmental-protection-agency
    person:
      first_name: Keely B.
      id: 16121
      last_name: Maxwell
      middle_name: ~
      orcid: 0000-0002-0802-4723
      url: https://www.linkedin.com/in/keely-maxwell-a0238782/
    person_id: 16121
    person_uri: /person/16121
    role_type_identifier: author
    uri: /contributor/34913
  - href: https://data.globalchange.gov/contributor/34911.yaml
    id: 34911
    organization:
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      identifier: us-environmental-protection-agency
      international: ~
      name: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
      organization_type_identifier: federal
      url: http://www.epa.gov/
    organization_uri: /organization/us-environmental-protection-agency
    person:
      first_name: Keely B.
      id: 16121
      last_name: Maxwell
      middle_name: ~
      orcid: 0000-0002-0802-4723
      url: https://www.linkedin.com/in/keely-maxwell-a0238782/
    person_id: 16121
    person_uri: /person/16121
    role_type_identifier: point_of_contact
    uri: /contributor/34911
create_dt: 2017-08-02T14:13:10
files:
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gcmd_keywords:
  - definition: The basic facilities and equipment needed for the  functioning of a country or area.
    href: https://data.globalchange.gov/gcmd_keyword/d4313915-2d24-424c-a171-30ee9a6f4bb5.yaml
    identifier: d4313915-2d24-424c-a171-30ee9a6f4bb5
    label: INFRASTRUCTURE
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    uri: /gcmd_keyword/d4313915-2d24-424c-a171-30ee9a6f4bb5
  - definition: A cost-effective measure that will reduce the potential for damage to a facility or area from a disaster event. Pre-planning for a hazard can reduce or eliminate the long-term risk to human life and property from hazards.
    href: https://data.globalchange.gov/gcmd_keyword/843a6584-e3f2-4a75-a003-cc430fd8c22c.yaml
    identifier: 843a6584-e3f2-4a75-a003-cc430fd8c22c
    label: HAZARD MITIGATION/PLANNING
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    uri: /gcmd_keyword/843a6584-e3f2-4a75-a003-cc430fd8c22c
  - definition: 'Any behavior caused by or affecting another individual, usually of the same species.'
    href: https://data.globalchange.gov/gcmd_keyword/c8317644-4cb2-4e37-b536-c762f7e670ab.yaml
    identifier: c8317644-4cb2-4e37-b536-c762f7e670ab
    label: SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
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    uri: /gcmd_keyword/c8317644-4cb2-4e37-b536-c762f7e670ab
  - definition: A geographical area constituting a city or town.
    href: https://data.globalchange.gov/gcmd_keyword/e4abd82b-b17a-4f16-be79-0093f2a09f7d.yaml
    identifier: e4abd82b-b17a-4f16-be79-0093f2a09f7d
    label: URBAN AREAS
    parent_identifier: fee25cad-7ffe-4ee2-a6f2-8116b8a0a707
    uri: /gcmd_keyword/e4abd82b-b17a-4f16-be79-0093f2a09f7d
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/built-environment-urban-systems-and-cities/figure/the-bee-branch-greenway.yaml
identifier: the-bee-branch-greenway
images:
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    submission_dt: 2018-11-30T15:28:03
    time_end: ~
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    title: Urban Adaptation Strategies and Stakeholders
    url: ~
    usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information
kindred_figures: []
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ordinal: 7
parents: []
references: []
regions: []
report_identifier: nca4
source_citation: ~
submission_dt: 2018-11-30T15:28:03
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title: Urban Adaptation Strategies and Stakeholders
uri: /report/nca4/chapter/built-environment-urban-systems-and-cities/figure/the-bee-branch-greenway
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usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information