--- - attrs: Author: 'Sampson, Robert J.' DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614433114 Issue: 34 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Keywords: added by ERG Pages: 8957-8962 Title: 'Urban sustainability in an age of enduring inequalities: Advancing theory and ecometrics for the 21st-century city' Volume: 114 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23150 _uuid: 0d9c1352-071a-4794-a468-8e01bf0876f1 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1614433114 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0d9c1352-071a-4794-a468-8e01bf0876f1.yaml identifier: 0d9c1352-071a-4794-a468-8e01bf0876f1 uri: /reference/0d9c1352-071a-4794-a468-8e01bf0876f1 - attrs: .publisher: 'Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.' .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Zhao, Lei; Lee, Xuhui; Smith, Ronald B.; Oleson, Keith' DOI: 10.1038/nature13462 Date: 07/10/print ISSN: 0028-0836 Issue: 7508 Journal: Nature Pages: 216-219 Title: Strong contributions of local background climate to urban heat islands Volume: 511 Year: 2014 _record_number: 19795 _uuid: 10ee76ca-2db3-429c-baf1-2ff5d1043407 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/nature13462 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/10ee76ca-2db3-429c-baf1-2ff5d1043407.yaml identifier: 10ee76ca-2db3-429c-baf1-2ff5d1043407 uri: /reference/10ee76ca-2db3-429c-baf1-2ff5d1043407 - attrs: Author: 'McCarty, Joshua; Kaza, Nikhil' DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.03.008 Date: 2015/07/01/ ISSN: 0169-2046 Journal: Landscape and Urban Planning Keywords: Landscape metrics; Air quality; Urban morphology Pages: 168-179 Title: Urban form and air quality in the United States Volume: 139 Year: 2015 _record_number: 23141 _uuid: 1536895c-080f-4958-9984-8200a89467a3 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.03.008 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1536895c-080f-4958-9984-8200a89467a3.yaml identifier: 1536895c-080f-4958-9984-8200a89467a3 uri: /reference/1536895c-080f-4958-9984-8200a89467a3 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Abstract: "urban\rclimate change\radaptation" Author: 'C40 Cities,; Arup,' Institution: C40 Cities-Arup Partnership Pages: 127 Place Published: 'London, UK' Title: Climate Action in Megacities 3.0 URL: http://www.cam3.c40.org/images/C40ClimateActionInMegacities3.pdf Year: 2015 _record_number: 22695 _uuid: 15c8ad4d-f96a-4bfb-8944-63d220e42f3b reftype: Report child_publication: /report/climate-action-megacities-30 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/15c8ad4d-f96a-4bfb-8944-63d220e42f3b.yaml identifier: 15c8ad4d-f96a-4bfb-8944-63d220e42f3b uri: /reference/15c8ad4d-f96a-4bfb-8944-63d220e42f3b - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'U.S. Federal Government,' Keywords: added by ERG Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program Title: 'U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit: Environment and Natural Resources [web page]' URL: https://toolkit.climate.gov/topics/built-environment/environment-and-natural-resources Year: 2016 _record_number: 23160 _uuid: 16fc0eef-5efa-4b07-bdad-0d60d7b48af6 reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/2a177c51-b456-4067-9eb2-8c2130031cd1 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/16fc0eef-5efa-4b07-bdad-0d60d7b48af6.yaml identifier: 16fc0eef-5efa-4b07-bdad-0d60d7b48af6 uri: /reference/16fc0eef-5efa-4b07-bdad-0d60d7b48af6 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Uejio, C.K.\rWilhelmi, O.V.\rGolden, J.S.\rMills, D.M.\rGulino, S.P.\rSamenow, J.P." DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.12.005 ISSN: 1353-8292 Issue: 2 Journal: Health & Place Pages: 498-507 Title: 'Intra-urban societal vulnerability to extreme heat: The role of heat exposure and the built environment, socioeconomics, and neighborhood stability' Volume: 17 Year: 2011 _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL"]' _record_number: 3183 _uuid: 1aca1900-c64c-4624-a696-3aab59ba6673 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.12.005 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1aca1900-c64c-4624-a696-3aab59ba6673.yaml identifier: 1aca1900-c64c-4624-a696-3aab59ba6673 uri: /reference/1aca1900-c64c-4624-a696-3aab59ba6673 - attrs: Abstract: 'Despite the importance of urban trees, their growth reaction to climate change and to the urban heat island effect has not yet been investigated with an international scope. While we are well informed about forest growth under recent conditions, it is unclear if this knowledge can be simply transferred to urban environments. Based on tree ring analyses in ten metropolises worldwide, we show that, in general, urban trees have undergone accelerated growth since the 1960s. In addition, urban trees tend to grow more quickly than their counterparts in the rural surroundings. However, our analysis shows that climate change seems to enhance the growth of rural trees more than that of urban trees. The benefits of growing in an urban environment seem to outweigh known negative effects, however, accelerated growth may also mean more rapid ageing and shortened lifetime. Thus, city planners should adapt to the changed dynamics in order to secure the ecosystem services provided by urban trees.' Author: 'Pretzsch, Hans; Biber, Peter; Uhl, Enno; Dahlhausen, Jens; Schütze, Gerhard; Perkins, Diana; Rötzer, Thomas; Caldentey, Juan; Koike, Takayoshi; Con, Tran van; Chavanne, Aurélia; Toit, Ben du; Foster, Keith; Lefer, Barry' DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14831-w Date: 2017/11/13 ISSN: 2045-2322 Issue: 1 Journal: Scientific Reports Pages: 15403 Title: Climate change accelerates growth of urban trees in metropolises worldwide Volume: 7 Year: 2017 _record_number: 26089 _uuid: 2234e14a-bfd8-428d-9719-863108d36da8 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/s41598-017-14831-w href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2234e14a-bfd8-428d-9719-863108d36da8.yaml identifier: 2234e14a-bfd8-428d-9719-863108d36da8 uri: /reference/2234e14a-bfd8-428d-9719-863108d36da8 - attrs: Abstract: 'Cities concentrate risks and the adverse effects of dense populations, such as outdoor air pollution, chronic disease and the impact of extreme weather events. Governments and planning bodies struggle to heed and apply the abundance of unintegrated research that links aspects of the urban environment with urban residents’ wellbeing. In order to promote human wellbeing in cities, a number of key features of the urban environment should be promoted. The medical science, urban ecology and urban design research already recognises the importance of some aspects, including providing walkable spaces, community space and greenspace. We argue that in practice, the provision of these three features is insufficient for human wellbeing. Emerging research demonstrates the importance of biodiversity and ecosystem functions to wellbeing. This paper outlines the concept of wellbeing and provides a of the three established features of urban environments that enhance residents’ lives: the provision of walkable, community and greenspace. We then outline the importance of two vital but often overlooked links in the discussion of how urban planning contributes to wellbeing: biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Until governments and policies recognise the importance of these two elements, urban design and management for wellbeing is at best simplistic. It is important for biodiversity and ecosystem function to be considered during the design decision process. Urban designers and ecologists should recognise that their work has the potential to contribute to human wellbeing by integrating biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in their research.' Author: 'Taylor, Lucy; Hochuli, Dieter F.' DOI: 10.1007/s11252-014-0427-3 ISSN: 1573-1642 Issue: 3 Journal: Urban Ecosystems Keywords: urban; urban ecosystem; ecosystem services; health Pages: 747-762 Title: 'Creating better cities: How biodiversity and ecosystem functioning enhance urban residents’ wellbeing' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 18 Year: 2015 _record_number: 22855 _uuid: 2aea16d3-6fcf-4d8a-8de8-fe4b316de0b4 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s11252-014-0427-3 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2aea16d3-6fcf-4d8a-8de8-fe4b316de0b4.yaml identifier: 2aea16d3-6fcf-4d8a-8de8-fe4b316de0b4 uri: /reference/2aea16d3-6fcf-4d8a-8de8-fe4b316de0b4 - attrs: Abstract: 'Sponsored by the Committee on Technical Advancement of ASCE Adapting Infrastructure and Civil Engineering Practice to a Changing Climate presents an accurate discussion of the potential significance of climate change to engineering practice. Although considerable evidence indicates that the climate is changing, significant uncertainty exists regarding the location, timing, and magnitude of this change over the lifetime of infrastructure. Practicing engineers are faced with the dilemma of balancing future needs for engineered infrastructure with the risks posed by the effects of climate change on long-term engineering projects. The gap between climate science and engineering practice somehow must be bridged. This report identifies the technical requirements and civil engineering challenges raised by adaptation to a changing climate. Topics include: review of climate science for engineering practice; incorporating climate science into engineering practice; civil engineering sectors that might be affected by climate change; needs for research, development, and demonstration projects; and summary, conclusions, and recommendations. Three appendixes illustrate different engineering approaches to assessing or preparing for climate change. Practitioners, researchers, educators, and students of civil engineering, as well as government officials and allied professionals, will be fascinated by this discussion of the trade-offs between the expenses of increasing system reliability and the potential costs and consequences of failure to future generations.' DOI: 10.1061/9780784479193 Editor: 'Olsen, J. Rolf' ISBN: 978-0-7844-7919-3 Pages: 93 Place Published: 'Reston, VA' Title: Adapting Infrastructure and Civil Engineering Practice to a Changing Climate Year: 2015 _record_number: 24558 _uuid: 31bf15ab-c374-4466-8b4c-894a527813cb reftype: Edited Report child_publication: /report/adapting-infrastructure-civil-engineering-practice-changing-climate href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/31bf15ab-c374-4466-8b4c-894a527813cb.yaml identifier: 31bf15ab-c374-4466-8b4c-894a527813cb uri: /reference/31bf15ab-c374-4466-8b4c-894a527813cb - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Clayton, Susan; Manning, Christie; Krygsman, Kirra; Speiser, Meighen' Institution: American Psychological Association and ecoAmerica Pages: 69 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Title: 'Mental health and our changing climate: Impacts, implications, and guidance' URL: https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2017/03/mental-health-climate.pdf Year: 2017 _record_number: 23204 _uuid: 349d443c-b692-4b9d-8b1b-a22887a292a7 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/mental-health-our-changing-climate-impacts-implications-guidance href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/349d443c-b692-4b9d-8b1b-a22887a292a7.yaml identifier: 349d443c-b692-4b9d-8b1b-a22887a292a7 uri: /reference/349d443c-b692-4b9d-8b1b-a22887a292a7 - attrs: Abstract: 'A growing number of cities are preparing for climate change impacts by developing adaptation plans. However, little is known about how these plans and their implementation affect the vulnerability of the urban poor. We critically assess initiatives in eight cities worldwide and find that land use planning for climate adaptation can exacerbate socio-spatial inequalities across diverse developmental and environmental conditions. We argue that urban adaptation injustices fall into two categories: acts of commission, when interventions negatively affect or displace poor communities, and acts of omission, when they protect and prioritize elite groups at the expense of the urban poor.' Author: 'Anguelovski, Isabelle; Shi, Linda; Chu, Eric; Gallagher, Daniel; Goh, Kian; Lamb, Zachary; Reeve, Kara; Teicher, Hannah' DOI: 10.1177/0739456x16645166 Date: 'September 1, 2016' Issue: 3 Journal: Journal of Planning Education and Research Keywords: climate change; urban; Adaptation; climate justice; Vulnerability Pages: 333-348 Title: 'Equity impacts of urban land use planning for climate adaptation: Critical perspectives from the global north and south' Volume: 36 Year: 2016 _record_number: 22691 _uuid: 3a068e5f-0c2e-4a23-b533-1fc512482ab3 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1177/0739456x16645166 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3a068e5f-0c2e-4a23-b533-1fc512482ab3.yaml identifier: 3a068e5f-0c2e-4a23-b533-1fc512482ab3 uri: /reference/3a068e5f-0c2e-4a23-b533-1fc512482ab3 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Vogel, Jason; Karen M. Carney; Joel B. Smith; Charles Herrick; Missy Stults; Megan O’Grady; Alexis St. Juliana; Heather Hosterman; Lorine Giangola' Institution: Kresge Foundation Keywords: urban; climate change; adaptation Place Published: Detroit Title: Climate Adaptation — The State of Practice in U.S. Communities URL: http://kresge.org/sites/default/files/library/climate-adaptation-the-state-of-practice-in-us-communities-full-report.pdf Year: 2016 _record_number: 22874 _uuid: 3c3cc09b-c2d7-4c52-bf8f-c064efa78e93 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/climate-adaptation-state-practice-us-communities href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3c3cc09b-c2d7-4c52-bf8f-c064efa78e93.yaml identifier: 3c3cc09b-c2d7-4c52-bf8f-c064efa78e93 uri: /reference/3c3cc09b-c2d7-4c52-bf8f-c064efa78e93 - attrs: Author: 'Garuma, Gemechu Fanta; Blanchet, Jean-Pierre; Girard, Éric; Leduc, Martin' DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2018.02.003 Date: 2018/06/01/ ISSN: 2212-0955 Journal: Urban Climate Keywords: Urban climate; Urban heat island; Sensible heat; Latent heat; Surface albedo; Urban fraction; Rural fraction Pages: 121-138 Title: Urban surface effects on current and future climate Volume: 24 Year: 2018 _record_number: 25613 _uuid: 3e9b6eba-21a7-474e-9773-190a0ec18257 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.uclim.2018.02.003 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3e9b6eba-21a7-474e-9773-190a0ec18257.yaml identifier: 3e9b6eba-21a7-474e-9773-190a0ec18257 uri: /reference/3e9b6eba-21a7-474e-9773-190a0ec18257 - attrs: Abstract: 'This paper summarizes a strategy for supplying ecosystem services in urban areas through a participatory planning process targeting multifunctional green infrastructure. We draw from the literature on landscape multifunctionality, which has primarily been applied to agricultural settings, and propose opportunities to develop urban green infrastructure that could contribute to the sustainable social and ecological health of the city. Thinking in terms of system resilience, strategies might focus on the potential for green infrastructure to allow for adaptation and even transformation in the face of future challenges such as climate change, food insecurity, and limited resources. Because planning for multiple functions can be difficult when many diverse stakeholders are involved, we explored decision support tools that could be applied to green infrastructure planning in the early stages, to engage the public and encourage action toward implementing a preferred solution. Several specific ecosystem services that could be relevant for evaluating current and future urban green spaces include: plant biodiversity, food production, microclimate control, soil infiltration, carbon sequestration, visual quality, recreation, and social capital. Integrating such ecosystem services into small-scale greening projects could allow for creativity and local empowerment that would inspire broader transformation of green infrastructure at the city level. Those cities committing to such an approach by supporting greening projects are likely to benefit in the long run through the value of ecosystem services for urban residents and the broader public.' Author: 'Lovell, Sarah Taylor; Taylor, John R.' DOI: 10.1007/s10980-013-9912-y Date: October 01 ISSN: 1572-9761 Issue: 8 Journal: Landscape Ecology Pages: 1447-1463 Title: Supplying urban ecosystem services through multifunctional green infrastructure in the United States Type of Article: journal article Volume: 28 Year: 2013 _record_number: 23117 _uuid: 3ea90c21-a2ee-4ca3-8b36-0e2296641ee5 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10980-013-9912-y href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3ea90c21-a2ee-4ca3-8b36-0e2296641ee5.yaml identifier: 3ea90c21-a2ee-4ca3-8b36-0e2296641ee5 uri: /reference/3ea90c21-a2ee-4ca3-8b36-0e2296641ee5 - attrs: Author: 'Nowak, D.J.; Greenfield, E.J.' DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2011.11.005 Issue: 1 Journal: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening Keywords: added by ERG Pages: 21-30 Title: Tree and impervious cover change in US cities Volume: 11 Year: 2012 _record_number: 23125 _uuid: 477c6e61-7962-4e01-9feb-e6f0f41f0d7e reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.ufug.2011.11.005 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/477c6e61-7962-4e01-9feb-e6f0f41f0d7e.yaml identifier: 477c6e61-7962-4e01-9feb-e6f0f41f0d7e uri: /reference/477c6e61-7962-4e01-9feb-e6f0f41f0d7e - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Markham, Adam; Osipova, Elena; Lafrenz Samuels, Kathryn; Caldas, Astrid' Institution: UNESCO and UNEP Keywords: added by ERG Notes: "ISBN UNEP: 978-92-807-3573-4\rISBN UNESCO: 978-92-3-100152-9" Pages: 104 Place Published: 'Nairobi, Kenya; Paris, France' Title: World Heritage and Tourism in a Changing Climate URL: http://whc.unesco.org/en/activities/883/ Year: 2016 _record_number: 23174 _uuid: 54a0cbcb-449e-4a93-b84d-5a135504dc2d reftype: Report child_publication: /report/world-heritage-tourism-changing-climate href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/54a0cbcb-449e-4a93-b84d-5a135504dc2d.yaml identifier: 54a0cbcb-449e-4a93-b84d-5a135504dc2d uri: /reference/54a0cbcb-449e-4a93-b84d-5a135504dc2d - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Torres, Daniela; Maletjane, Motsomi' Institution: 'International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities – Working Group 2' Pages: 33 Title: Information and communication technologies for climate change adaptation in cities URL: https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/ssc/Documents/website/web-fg-ssc-0107-r7-ICTs-for-climate-change-adaptation.docx Year: 2015 _record_number: 25638 _uuid: 57e3e16c-6b52-436a-ab26-3a19947f8dff reftype: Report child_publication: /report/information-communication-technologies-climate-change-adaptation-cities href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/57e3e16c-6b52-436a-ab26-3a19947f8dff.yaml identifier: 57e3e16c-6b52-436a-ab26-3a19947f8dff uri: /reference/57e3e16c-6b52-436a-ab26-3a19947f8dff - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: "Cutter, Susan L.\rSolecki, William\rBragado, Nancy\rCarmin, JoAnn\rFragkias, Michail\rRuth, Matthias\rWilbanks, Thomas" Book Title: 'Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment' DOI: 10.7930/J0F769GR Editor: 'Melillo, Jerry M.; Richmond, Terese (T.C.); Yohe, Gary W.' Pages: 282-296 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program Reviewer: 5a79e12b-b65c-40ef-8f80-7bcb04d57a1d Title: 'Ch. 11: Urban Systems, Infrastructure, and Vulnerability' URL: http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/sectors/urban Year: 2014 _chapter: '["Ch. 0: About this Report FINAL"]' _record_number: 4722 _uuid: 5a79e12b-b65c-40ef-8f80-7bcb04d57a1d reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/nca3/chapter/urban-systems-infrastructure-vulnerability href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5a79e12b-b65c-40ef-8f80-7bcb04d57a1d.yaml identifier: 5a79e12b-b65c-40ef-8f80-7bcb04d57a1d uri: /reference/5a79e12b-b65c-40ef-8f80-7bcb04d57a1d - attrs: Abstract: 'We present a hedonic framework to estimate US households’ preferences over local climates, using detailed weather and 2000 Census data. We find that Americans favor a daily average temperature of 65 degrees Fahrenheit, that they will pay more on the margin to avoid excess heat than cold, and that damages increase less than linearly over extreme cold. These preferences vary by location due to sorting or adaptation. Changes in climate amenities under business-as-usual predictions imply annual welfare losses of 1%–4% of income by 2100, holding technology and preferences constant.' Author: 'Albouy, David; Walter Graf; Ryan Kellogg; Hendrik Wolff' DOI: 10.1086/684573 Issue: 1 Journal: Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Keywords: 'H49,I39,Q54,R10' Pages: 205-246 Title: 'Climate amenities, climate change, and American quality of life' Volume: 3 Year: 2016 _record_number: 21320 _uuid: 5b7e5de3-722a-4010-8d86-44e9722e3da9 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1086/684573 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5b7e5de3-722a-4010-8d86-44e9722e3da9.yaml identifier: 5b7e5de3-722a-4010-8d86-44e9722e3da9 uri: /reference/5b7e5de3-722a-4010-8d86-44e9722e3da9 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'Americans for the Arts,' Place Published: 'New York, NY' Publisher: Americans for the Arts Title: 'Arts and Economic Prosperity 5: Economic Impact of the Nonprofit Arts & Culture Industry' URL: https://www.americansforthearts.org/by-program/reports-and-data/research-studies-publications/arts-economic-prosperity-5 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23201 _uuid: 5d6b00dd-dfee-4b0a-a11a-ab6ec4a6724d reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/3c065369-0068-4a72-b651-6670e2456bd2 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5d6b00dd-dfee-4b0a-a11a-ab6ec4a6724d.yaml identifier: 5d6b00dd-dfee-4b0a-a11a-ab6ec4a6724d uri: /reference/5d6b00dd-dfee-4b0a-a11a-ab6ec4a6724d - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Baldwin, Cathy; King, Robin' Institution: Oxford Brookes University Keywords: added by ERG Pages: 103 Place Published: 'Oxford, UK' Title: 'What About the People? The Socially Sustainable, Resilient Community and Urban Development' URL: http://be.brookes.ac.uk/research/iag/resources/what-about-the-people.pdf Year: 2017 _record_number: 23168 _uuid: 65e94984-6669-49e8-a41e-aff0cbdae813 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/what-about-people-socially-sustainable-resilient-community-urban-development href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/65e94984-6669-49e8-a41e-aff0cbdae813.yaml identifier: 65e94984-6669-49e8-a41e-aff0cbdae813 uri: /reference/65e94984-6669-49e8-a41e-aff0cbdae813 - attrs: Abstract: 'Objective To provide a richer understanding of food access and purchasing practices among US urban food desert residents and their association with diet and BMI. Design Data on food purchasing practices, dietary intake, height and weight from the primary food shopper in randomly selected households (n 1372) were collected. Audits of all neighbourhood food stores (n 24) and the most-frequented stores outside the neighbourhood (n 16) were conducted. Aspects of food access and purchasing practices and relationships among them were examined and tests of their associations with dietary quality and BMI were conducted. Setting Two low-income, predominantly African-American neighbourhoods with limited access to healthy food in Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Subjects Household food shoppers. Results Only one neighbourhood outlet sold fresh produce; nearly all respondents did major food shopping outside the neighbourhood. Although the nearest full-service supermarket was an average of 2·6 km from their home, respondents shopped an average of 6·0 km from home. The average trip was by car, took approximately 2 h for the round trip, and occurred two to four times per month. Respondents spent approximately $US 37 per person per week on food. Those who made longer trips had access to cars, shopped less often and spent less money per person. Those who travelled further when they shopped had higher BMI, but most residents already shopped where healthy foods were available, and physical distance from full-service supermarkets was unrelated to weight or dietary quality. Conclusions Improved access to healthy foods is the target of current policies meant to improve health. However, distance to the closest supermarket might not be as important as previously thought, and thus policy and interventions that focus merely on improving access may not be effective.' Author: 'Dubowitz, Tamara; Zenk, Shannon N.; Ghosh-Dastidar, Bonnie; Cohen, Deborah A.; Beckman, Robin; Hunter, Gerald; Steiner, Elizabeth D.; Collins, Rebecca L.' DOI: 10.1017/S1368980014002742 Database Provider: Cambridge University Press EPub Date: 12/05 ISSN: 1368-9800 Issue: 12 Journal: Public Health Nutrition Keywords: Food desert; Food purchasing practices; Dietary quality; BMI Name of Database: Cambridge Core Pages: 2220-2230 Publisher: Cambridge University Press Title: 'Healthy food access for urban food desert residents: Examination of the food environment, food purchasing practices, diet and BMI' Volume: 18 Year: 2015 _record_number: 23017 _uuid: 68f6abb6-10f5-4d3d-9201-e11a1aecc5c9 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1017/S1368980014002742 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/68f6abb6-10f5-4d3d-9201-e11a1aecc5c9.yaml identifier: 68f6abb6-10f5-4d3d-9201-e11a1aecc5c9 uri: /reference/68f6abb6-10f5-4d3d-9201-e11a1aecc5c9 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'USDA ERS,' Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: 'USDA, Economic Research Service (ERS)' Title: Rural Employment and Unemployment URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/rural-economy-population/employment-education/rural-employment-and-unemployment/ Year: 2017 _record_number: 23178 _uuid: 6b1c3841-ec69-422b-904f-3bf05bff06e1 reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/c4be29cc-cc9d-4a3d-86d9-90741b4c629c href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/6b1c3841-ec69-422b-904f-3bf05bff06e1.yaml identifier: 6b1c3841-ec69-422b-904f-3bf05bff06e1 uri: /reference/6b1c3841-ec69-422b-904f-3bf05bff06e1 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'IBM,' Keywords: added by ERG Publisher: IBM Title: 'Smarter Cities Challenge: The Challenge' URL: https://www.smartercitieschallenge.org/about Year: 2017 _record_number: 23106 _uuid: 79161ff1-6099-4c09-a5a6-e0a5a8b0c441 reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/1e75f186-1921-45ba-918d-09ce6014c09d href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/79161ff1-6099-4c09-a5a6-e0a5a8b0c441.yaml identifier: 79161ff1-6099-4c09-a5a6-e0a5a8b0c441 uri: /reference/79161ff1-6099-4c09-a5a6-e0a5a8b0c441