--- - attrs: Abstract: 'Changes in temperature, precipitation, sea level, and coastal storms will likely increase the vulnerability of infrastructure across the United States. Using four models that analyze vulnerability, impacts, and adaptation, this paper estimates impacts to roads, bridges, coastal properties, and urban drainage infrastructure and investigates sensitivity to varying greenhouse gas emission scenarios, climate sensitivities, and global climate models. The results suggest that the impacts of climate change in this sector could be large, especially in the second half of the 21st century as sea-level rises, temperature increases, and precipitation patterns become more extreme and affect the sustainability of long-lived infrastructure. Further, when considering sea-level rise, scenarios which incorporate dynamic ice sheet melting yield impact model results in coastal areas that are roughly 70 to 80 % higher than results that do not incorporate dynamic ice sheet melting. The potential for substantial economic impacts across all infrastructure sectors modeled, however, can be reduced by cost-effective adaptation measures. Mitigation policies also show potential to reduce impacts in the infrastructure sector - a more aggressive mitigation policy reduces impacts by 25 to 35 %, and a somewhat less aggressive policy reduces impacts by 19 to 30 %. The existing suite of models suitable for estimating these damages nonetheless covers only a small portion of expected infrastructure sector effects from climate change, so much work remains to better understand impacts on electric and telecommunications networks, rail, and air transportation systems. In addition, the effects of climate-induced extreme events are likely to be important, but are incompletely understood and remain an emerging area for research.' Author: 'Neumann, J. E.; Price, J.; Chinowsky, P.; Wright, L.; Ludwig, L.; Streeter, R.; Jones, R.; Smith, J. B.; Perkins, W.; Jantarasami, L.; Martinich, J.' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-013-1037-4 Date: Jul ISSN: 0165-0009 Issue: 1 Journal: Climatic Change Keywords: Infrastructure; Urban; Climate change; Transportation; Projection Pages: 97-109 Title: 'Climate change risks to US infrastructure: Impacts on roads, bridges, coastal development, and urban drainage' Volume: 131 Year: 2015 _record_number: 22805 _uuid: 00e98394-26f1-45da-a5a3-e79b2b1a356f reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-013-1037-4 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/00e98394-26f1-45da-a5a3-e79b2b1a356f.yaml identifier: 00e98394-26f1-45da-a5a3-e79b2b1a356f uri: /reference/00e98394-26f1-45da-a5a3-e79b2b1a356f - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Willis, H.H.; Loa, K.' Institution: RAND Corporation Keywords: added by ERG Place Published: 'Santa Monica, CA' Title: Measuring the Resilience of Energy Distribution Systems Volume: 38 Year: 2015 _record_number: 23058 _uuid: 0ab7f834-85a7-4e1f-8628-8c8dc765ae5b reftype: Report child_publication: /report/measuring-resilience-energy-distribution-systems href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0ab7f834-85a7-4e1f-8628-8c8dc765ae5b.yaml identifier: 0ab7f834-85a7-4e1f-8628-8c8dc765ae5b uri: /reference/0ab7f834-85a7-4e1f-8628-8c8dc765ae5b - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Abstract: "urban\rclimate change\radaptation" Author: 'C40 Cities,; Arup,' Institution: C40 Cities-Arup Partnership Pages: 127 Place Published: 'London, UK' Title: Climate Action in Megacities 3.0 URL: http://www.cam3.c40.org/images/C40ClimateActionInMegacities3.pdf Year: 2015 _record_number: 22695 _uuid: 15c8ad4d-f96a-4bfb-8944-63d220e42f3b reftype: Report child_publication: /report/climate-action-megacities-30 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/15c8ad4d-f96a-4bfb-8944-63d220e42f3b.yaml identifier: 15c8ad4d-f96a-4bfb-8944-63d220e42f3b uri: /reference/15c8ad4d-f96a-4bfb-8944-63d220e42f3b - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,' DOI: '10.17226/24648 ' Institution: National Academies Press Keywords: Transportation; Adaptation Pages: 100 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Title: 'Transportation Resilience: Adaptation to Climate Change' Year: 2016 _record_number: 22802 _uuid: 23e451ae-5f97-48cd-9b2d-73045ee9e38c reftype: Report child_publication: /report/transportation-resilience-adaptation-climate-change href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/23e451ae-5f97-48cd-9b2d-73045ee9e38c.yaml identifier: 23e451ae-5f97-48cd-9b2d-73045ee9e38c uri: /reference/23e451ae-5f97-48cd-9b2d-73045ee9e38c - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Blue, Julie; Hiremath, Nupur; Gillette, Carolyn; Julius, Susan' Institution: 'U.S. EPA, National Center for Environmental Assessment' Keywords: added by ERG Pages: 674 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Series Editor: 'U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development,' Series Volume: EPA/600/R-16/365F Title: 'Evaluating Urban Resilience to Climate Change: A Multi-Sector Approach' URL: https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/global/recordisplay.cfm?deid=322482 Year: 2017 _record_number: 22998 _uuid: 253c37ce-07d5-4ee0-8d5e-ce57f8f85b4a reftype: Report child_publication: /report/evaluating-urban-resilience-climate-change-multi-sector-approach href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/253c37ce-07d5-4ee0-8d5e-ce57f8f85b4a.yaml identifier: 253c37ce-07d5-4ee0-8d5e-ce57f8f85b4a uri: /reference/253c37ce-07d5-4ee0-8d5e-ce57f8f85b4a - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'City of New York,' Keywords: added by ERG Pages: 438 Place Published: 'New York, NY' Title: 'A Stronger, More Resilient New York' URL: https://www.nycedc.com/resource/stronger-more-resilient-new-york Year: 2013 _record_number: 23116 _uuid: 35e35ccf-1a66-4c2f-b852-7b1fe3bf3266 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/stronger-more-resilient-new-york href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/35e35ccf-1a66-4c2f-b852-7b1fe3bf3266.yaml identifier: 35e35ccf-1a66-4c2f-b852-7b1fe3bf3266 uri: /reference/35e35ccf-1a66-4c2f-b852-7b1fe3bf3266 - attrs: Author: 'Dawson, Richard J.' DOI: 10.3390/cli3041079 ISSN: 2225-1154 Issue: 4 Journal: Climate Pages: 1079-1096 Title: Handling interdependencies in climate change risk assessment Volume: 3 Year: 2015 _record_number: 23013 _uuid: 38a397d4-812d-4af6-98fb-8f74dd8632ac reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3390/cli3041079 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/38a397d4-812d-4af6-98fb-8f74dd8632ac.yaml identifier: 38a397d4-812d-4af6-98fb-8f74dd8632ac uri: /reference/38a397d4-812d-4af6-98fb-8f74dd8632ac - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'MTA,' Institution: Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA) Keywords: added by ERG Pages: 33 Place Published: 'New York, NY' Title: MTA Climate Adaptation Task Force Resiliency Report URL: http://web.mta.info/sustainability/pdf/ResiliencyReport.pdf Year: 2017 _record_number: 23066 _uuid: 38ce969d-14fa-4874-8b5e-0ee37f4ac79c reftype: Report child_publication: /report/mta-climate-adaptation-task-force-resiliency-report href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/38ce969d-14fa-4874-8b5e-0ee37f4ac79c.yaml identifier: 38ce969d-14fa-4874-8b5e-0ee37f4ac79c uri: /reference/38ce969d-14fa-4874-8b5e-0ee37f4ac79c - attrs: Abstract: 'This paper is dedicated to the topic of food resilience in the context of urban environments and aims at developing a qualitative tool for measuring it. The emphasis is laid on urban food security with a significant global relevance due to the interconnectedness of our urban and global food systems. We argue that food and agriculture have to be understood as integral components of contemporary urban and peri-urban landscapes as urban agriculture supports in many cases also ecosystems, biodiversity, urban ecology and urban landscape architecture. The topic is introduced through contemporary urban food system models and definitions followed by characteristics of a resilient urban food system, including consumer, producer, food processing, distribution and market resilience. Based on the review of food system models and assessment tools, a new food system model for resilience analysis has been developed. This is then applied to worked examples and further developed on the Christchurch case study, where the tool is applied to existing intra-urban and peri-urban landscape components of Christchurch, New Zealand.' Author: 'Toth, Attila; Rendall, Stacy; Reitsma, Femke' DOI: 10.1007/s11252-015-0489-x ISSN: 1573-1642 Issue: 1 Journal: Urban Ecosystems Keywords: urban; climate change; cultural; health; resilience Pages: 19-43 Title: 'Resilient food systems: A qualitative tool for measuring food resilience' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 19 Year: 2016 _record_number: 22862 _uuid: 3b4ad15d-6c3f-4421-8ea6-405a0568e262 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s11252-015-0489-x href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3b4ad15d-6c3f-4421-8ea6-405a0568e262.yaml identifier: 3b4ad15d-6c3f-4421-8ea6-405a0568e262 uri: /reference/3b4ad15d-6c3f-4421-8ea6-405a0568e262 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Vogel, Jason; Karen M. Carney; Joel B. Smith; Charles Herrick; Missy Stults; Megan O’Grady; Alexis St. Juliana; Heather Hosterman; Lorine Giangola' Institution: Kresge Foundation Keywords: urban; climate change; adaptation Place Published: Detroit Title: Climate Adaptation — The State of Practice in U.S. Communities URL: http://kresge.org/sites/default/files/library/climate-adaptation-the-state-of-practice-in-us-communities-full-report.pdf Year: 2016 _record_number: 22874 _uuid: 3c3cc09b-c2d7-4c52-bf8f-c064efa78e93 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/climate-adaptation-state-practice-us-communities href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3c3cc09b-c2d7-4c52-bf8f-c064efa78e93.yaml identifier: 3c3cc09b-c2d7-4c52-bf8f-c064efa78e93 uri: /reference/3c3cc09b-c2d7-4c52-bf8f-c064efa78e93 - attrs: Author: 'Hunt, A.; Watkiss, P.' Issue: 1 Journal: Climatic Change Keywords: urban; climate change; Adaptation; NCA3 Pages: 13-49 Title: 'Climate change impacts and adaptation in cities: A review of the literature' Volume: 104 Year: 2011 _record_number: 22753 _uuid: 4506c479-732e-4cc9-ae58-b3ab323f5f45 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/climate-change-impacts-adaptation-cities-review-literature href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4506c479-732e-4cc9-ae58-b3ab323f5f45.yaml identifier: 4506c479-732e-4cc9-ae58-b3ab323f5f45 uri: /reference/4506c479-732e-4cc9-ae58-b3ab323f5f45 - attrs: Abstract: 'Large yet infrequent disruptions of electrical power can impact tens of millions of people in a single event, triggering significant economic damages, portions of which are insured. Small and frequent events are also significant in the aggregate. This article explores the role that insurance claims data can play in better defining the broader economic impacts of grid disruptions in the U.S. context. We developed four case studies, using previously unpublished data for specific actual grid disruptions. The cases include the 1977 New York City blackout, the 2003 Northeast blackout, multi-year national annual lightning-related electrical damage and multi-year national line-disturbance events. Insured losses represent between 3 and 64 per cent of total loss costs across the case studies. The household sector emerges as a larger locus of costs than indicated in previous studies, and short-lived events emerge as important sources of loss costs.' Author: 'Mills, Evan; Jones, Richard B' DOI: 10.1057/gpp.2016.9 Date: October 01 ISSN: 1468-0440 Issue: 4 Journal: 'The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice' Pages: 555-586 Title: An insurance perspective on U.S. electric grid disruption costs Type of Article: journal article Volume: 41 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23045 _uuid: 514afdba-5220-424b-8b11-559478de7775 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1057/gpp.2016.9 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/514afdba-5220-424b-8b11-559478de7775.yaml identifier: 514afdba-5220-424b-8b11-559478de7775 uri: /reference/514afdba-5220-424b-8b11-559478de7775 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Grannis, Jessica; Arroyo, Vicki; Hoverter, Sara; Stumberg, Robert' Institution: Georgetown Climate Center Keywords: added by ERG Pages: 16 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Title: 'Preparing for Climate Impacts: Lessons from the Front Lines' URL: https://www.issuelab.org/resource/preparing-for-climate-impacts-lessons-from-the-front-lines.html Year: 2014 _record_number: 23083 _uuid: 600365e7-3302-4ede-afa1-f5c4e9e468a1 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/preparing-climate-impacts-lessons-front-lines href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/600365e7-3302-4ede-afa1-f5c4e9e468a1.yaml identifier: 600365e7-3302-4ede-afa1-f5c4e9e468a1 uri: /reference/600365e7-3302-4ede-afa1-f5c4e9e468a1 - attrs: Abstract: 'This brief review is based on a President’s Lecture presented at the Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine in 2013. The purpose of this review was to assess the effects of climate change and consequent increases in environmental heat stress on the aging cardiovascular system. The earth’s average global temperature is slowly but consistently increasing, and along with mean temperature changes come increases in heat wave frequency and severity. Extreme passive thermal stress resulting from prolonged elevations in ambient temperature and prolonged physical activity in hot environments creates a high demand on the left ventricle to pump blood to the skin to dissipate heat. Even healthy aging is accompanied by altered cardiovascular function, which limits the extent to which older individuals can maintain stroke volume, increase cardiac output, and increase skin blood flow when exposed to environmental extremes. In the elderly, the increased cardiovascular demand during heat waves is often fatal because of increased strain on an already compromised left ventricle. Not surprisingly, excess deaths during heat waves 1) occur predominantly in older individuals and 2) are overwhelmingly cardiovascular in origin. Increasing frequency and severity of heat waves coupled with a rapidly growing at-risk population dramatically increase the extent of future untoward health outcomes.' Author: 'Kenney, W. Larry; Craighead, Daniel H.; Alexander, Lacy M.' DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000325 ISSN: 0195-9131 Issue: 10 Journal: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise Keywords: HEAT STRESS; CLIMATE CHANGE; CARDIOVASCULAR STRAIN; HEAT WAVE; CUTANEOUS BLOOD FLOW; AGE; CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH Pages: 1891-1899 Title: 'Heat waves, aging, and human cardiovascular health' Volume: 46 Year: 2014 _record_number: 23020 _uuid: 626796fa-3b99-431e-bbfb-6eae974e96ae reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1249/mss.0000000000000325 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/626796fa-3b99-431e-bbfb-6eae974e96ae.yaml identifier: 626796fa-3b99-431e-bbfb-6eae974e96ae uri: /reference/626796fa-3b99-431e-bbfb-6eae974e96ae - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Zamuda, Craig; Mignone, Bryan; Bilello, Dan; Hallett, KC; Lee, Courtney; Macknick, Jordan; Newmark, Robin; Steinberg, Daniel' Document Number: DOE/PI-0013 Institution: 'U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Policy and International Affairs' Pages: various Title: U.S. Energy Sector Vulnerabilities to Climate Change and Extreme Weather URL: https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/07/f2/20130716-Energy%20Sector%20Vulnerabilities%20Report.pdf Year: 2013 _record_number: 23128 _uuid: 6f0557d7-ccaf-4a6a-8dac-25e859410881 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/us-energy-sector-vulnerabilities-climate-change-extreme-weather href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/6f0557d7-ccaf-4a6a-8dac-25e859410881.yaml identifier: 6f0557d7-ccaf-4a6a-8dac-25e859410881 uri: /reference/6f0557d7-ccaf-4a6a-8dac-25e859410881 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Department of the Interior Strategic Sciences Group,' Institution: 'U.S. Department of the Interior, Strategic Sciences Group' Pages: 75 Place Published: RestonVA Title: Operational Group Sandy Technical Progress Report URL: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/hurricanes/sandy/sandy_tech_122413.pdf Year: 2013 _record_number: 23198 _uuid: 73fa64e2-d10c-4e58-a237-6637fbcee870 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/operational-group-sandy-technical-progress-report href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/73fa64e2-d10c-4e58-a237-6637fbcee870.yaml identifier: 73fa64e2-d10c-4e58-a237-6637fbcee870 uri: /reference/73fa64e2-d10c-4e58-a237-6637fbcee870 - attrs: Author: 'Ernst, Kathleen M.; Preston, Benjamin L.' DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2017.01.001 Date: 4// ISSN: 1462-9011 Journal: Environmental Science & Policy Keywords: Climate change; Energy; Water; Adaptation; Decision-making; Scale Pages: 38-45 Title: 'Adaptation opportunities and constraints in coupled systems: Evidence from the U.S. energy-water nexus' Volume: 70 Year: 2017 _record_number: 21444 _uuid: 747e6b30-6afc-4520-af4b-660389e167ba reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.envsci.2017.01.001 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/747e6b30-6afc-4520-af4b-660389e167ba.yaml identifier: 747e6b30-6afc-4520-af4b-660389e167ba uri: /reference/747e6b30-6afc-4520-af4b-660389e167ba - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Watson, A., A. Gaspard, and A. Lebreton' Institution: United Nations Environment Programme Keywords: urban; climate change; Vulnerability; health; cultural Pages: 20 Place Published: 'Nairobi, Kenya' Report Number: FNH-IUFN-UNEP Policy Perspectives Paper Series Title: Policy Perspectives Paper Title: 'Food, Climate Change, and the City' URL: http://www.iufn.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/CCUF_Policy-Perspectives-Paper_VERSION_GB-2.pdf Year: 2016 _record_number: 22863 _uuid: 74b22e64-6fce-418b-9f5a-aac88b4c1ba8 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/food-climate-change-city href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/74b22e64-6fce-418b-9f5a-aac88b4c1ba8.yaml identifier: 74b22e64-6fce-418b-9f5a-aac88b4c1ba8 uri: /reference/74b22e64-6fce-418b-9f5a-aac88b4c1ba8 - attrs: Abstract: 'Three hundred and fifty municipalities across five continents participated in the Urban Climate Change Governance Survey (UCGS). Conducted at MIT in partnership with ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability, the UCGS provides a first of its kind look at the governance networks that municipalities are creating to address climate change. Drawing from these results, this paper analyses the institutional governance structures that surround local government work on climate change adaptation. Results show an integration of adaptation and mitigation planning, and a mainstreaming of adaptation planning into other long-range and sectoral plans. Seventy-three percent of respondents stated that their local government’s are engaging with both adaptation and mitigation, and 75% are integrating adaptation into long-range or sectoral plans. However, many critical municipal agencies – including those responsible for water, waste water, health, and building codes – remain on the margins of urban adaptation efforts. Internal institutional networks of governance are inextricably linked to efforts to address a problem like adaptation, which does not fit neatly into individual institutional silos. The results of the UCGS show where these networks have so far been made, how they have been created, and which local government actors have yet to be effectively engaged.' Author: 'Aylett, Alexander' DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2015.06.005 Date: 12// ISSN: 2212-0955 Journal: Urban Climate Keywords: Cities; Adaptation; Governance; Local government; Climate change Pages: 4-16 Title: 'Institutionalizing the urban governance of climate change adaptation: Results of an international survey' Volume: '14, Part 1' Year: 2015 _record_number: 22696 _uuid: 92d52175-98b2-40ab-9ca7-4196f3c5e8e0 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.uclim.2015.06.005 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/92d52175-98b2-40ab-9ca7-4196f3c5e8e0.yaml identifier: 92d52175-98b2-40ab-9ca7-4196f3c5e8e0 uri: /reference/92d52175-98b2-40ab-9ca7-4196f3c5e8e0 - attrs: Author: 'Evans, Peter C.; Fox-Penner, Peter' ISSN: 2154-0926 Issue: 5 Journal: Solutions Journal Keywords: Imported by ERG Pages: 48-54 Title: Resilient and sustainable infrastructure for urban energy systems URL: https://www.thesolutionsjournal.com/article/resilient-and-sustainable-infrastructure-for-urban-energy-systems/ Volume: 5 Year: 2014 _record_number: 23091 _uuid: 9715fdad-2824-404b-b7bc-57077f1ad28d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/resilient-sustainable-infrastructure-urban-energy-systems href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9715fdad-2824-404b-b7bc-57077f1ad28d.yaml identifier: 9715fdad-2824-404b-b7bc-57077f1ad28d uri: /reference/9715fdad-2824-404b-b7bc-57077f1ad28d