--- - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Rosenzweig, C.; Solecki, W.; Romero-Lankao, P.; Mehrotra, S.; Dhakal, S.; Bowman, T.; Ali Ibrahim, S.' Institution: 'Urban Climate Change Research Network, Columbia University' Keywords: added by ERG Place Published: New York Title: ARC3.2 Summary for City Leaders URL: http://uccrn.org/arc3-2/ Year: 2015 _record_number: 22907 _uuid: 0f9545b2-e0ff-42fb-a5df-7237a2e9d494 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/arc32-summary-city-leaders href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0f9545b2-e0ff-42fb-a5df-7237a2e9d494.yaml identifier: 0f9545b2-e0ff-42fb-a5df-7237a2e9d494 uri: /reference/0f9545b2-e0ff-42fb-a5df-7237a2e9d494 - attrs: Abstract: 'Global warming increases the frequency, intensity and duration of heat waves, particularly endangering urban populations. However, the health risks of heat waves are distributed unequally between people because of intrinsic person-specific characteristics and extrinsic factors. The confluence of forecasted urbanisation and projected heat wave increase necessitates the identification of strategies that both lower the overall health impact and narrow the gap in risk distribution within urban populations. Here, we review the literature on vulnerability to heat, highlighting the factors that affect such distribution. As a key lesson we find that the literature strands on public health, risk reduction and urban planning all contribute to the identification of alleviation options for urban heat wave health impacts, but that they are rarely jointly evaluated. On the basis of the literature review, we suggest a common framework. We also evaluate response measures in addressing total and distributed risks. We find that person-specific risk is effectively addressed by public health and risk reduction intervention, while intra-urban variations of extrinsic factors can be efficiently tackled with urban planning, both in scale and scope.' Author: 'Milan, B. F.; Creutzig, F.' DOI: 10.1016/j.cosust.2015.08.002 Date: Jun ISSN: 1877-3435 Journal: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability Keywords: Urban; Heat; Health; Vulnerability Pages: 221-231 Title: Reducing urban heat wave risk in the 21st century Volume: 14 Year: 2015 _record_number: 22794 _uuid: 133d9f9c-e1fd-4c50-b349-67eef6048291 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.cosust.2015.08.002 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/133d9f9c-e1fd-4c50-b349-67eef6048291.yaml identifier: 133d9f9c-e1fd-4c50-b349-67eef6048291 uri: /reference/133d9f9c-e1fd-4c50-b349-67eef6048291 - attrs: Abstract: 'Sea level rise is one of the climate change effects most amenable to adaptation planning as the impacts are familiar and the nature of the phenomenon is unambiguous. Yet, significant uncertainties remain. Using a normative framework of adaptive management and natural hazards planning, we examine how coastal communities in Florida are planning in the face of accelerating sea level rise through analysis of planning documents and interviews with planners. We clarify that communities are taking a low-regrets incremental approach with increasingly progressive measures motivated by confidence in planning intelligence and direct experience with impacts attributable to sea level rise.' Author: 'Butler, William H.; Robert E. Deyle; Cassidy Mutnansky' DOI: 10.1177/0739456X16647161 Issue: 3 Journal: Journal of Planning Education and Research Keywords: SLR; coastal; SE; Adaptation; climate change; Urban Pages: 319-332 Title: 'Low-regrets incrementalism: Land use planning adaptation to accelerating sea level rise in Florida’s coastal communities' Volume: 36 Year: 2016 _record_number: 22711 _uuid: 1cb45663-ad95-44da-8a33-6afefb926301 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1177/0739456X16647161 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1cb45663-ad95-44da-8a33-6afefb926301.yaml identifier: 1cb45663-ad95-44da-8a33-6afefb926301 uri: /reference/1cb45663-ad95-44da-8a33-6afefb926301 - attrs: Abstract: 'Critical infrastructure networks, including transport, are crucial to the social and economic function of urban areas but are at increasing risk from natural hazards. Minimizing disruption to these networks should form part of a strategy to increase urban resilience. A framework for assessing the disruption from flood events to transport systems is presented that couples a high-resolution urban flood model with transport modelling and network analytics to assess the impacts of extreme rainfall events, and to quantify the resilience value of different adaptation options. A case study in Newcastle upon Tyne in the UK shows that both green roof infrastructure and traditional engineering interventions such as culverts or flood walls can reduce transport disruption from flooding. The magnitude of these benefits depends on the flood event and adaptation strategy, but for the scenarios considered here 3–22% improvements in city-wide travel times are achieved. The network metric of betweenness centrality, weighted by travel time, is shown to provide a rapid approach to identify and prioritize the most critical locations for flood risk management intervention. Protecting just the top ranked critical location from flooding provides an 11% reduction in person delays. A city-wide deployment of green roofs achieves a 26% reduction, and although key routes still flood, the benefits of this strategy are more evenly distributed across the transport network as flood depths are reduced across the model domain. Both options should form part of an urban flood risk management strategy, but this method can be used to optimize investment and target limited resources at critical locations, enabling green infrastructure strategies to be gradually implemented over the longer term to provide city-wide benefits. This framework provides a means of prioritizing limited financial resources to improve resilience. This is particularly important as flood management investments must typically exceed a far higher benefit–cost threshold than transport infrastructure investments. By capturing the value to the transport network from flood management interventions, it is possible to create new business models that provide benefits to, and enhance the resilience of, both transport and flood risk management infrastructures. Further work will develop the framework to consider other hazards and infrastructure networks.%U ; http://rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/royopensci/3/5/160023.full.pdf' Author: 'Pregnolato, Maria; Ford, Alistair; Robson, Craig; Glenis, Vassilis; Barr, Stuart; Dawson, Richard' DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160023 Issue: 5 Journal: Royal Society Open Science Keywords: Infrastructure; Adaptation; Urban Notes: not US but could apply Title: Assessing urban strategies for reducing the impacts of extreme weather on infrastructure networks Volume: 3 Year: 2016 _record_number: 22822 _uuid: 21e7c6db-f283-46b0-ac33-60ee4d5d837b reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1098/rsos.160023 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/21e7c6db-f283-46b0-ac33-60ee4d5d837b.yaml identifier: 21e7c6db-f283-46b0-ac33-60ee4d5d837b uri: /reference/21e7c6db-f283-46b0-ac33-60ee4d5d837b - attrs: Abstract: 'A growing number of cities are preparing for climate change impacts by developing adaptation plans. However, little is known about how these plans and their implementation affect the vulnerability of the urban poor. We critically assess initiatives in eight cities worldwide and find that land use planning for climate adaptation can exacerbate socio-spatial inequalities across diverse developmental and environmental conditions. We argue that urban adaptation injustices fall into two categories: acts of commission, when interventions negatively affect or displace poor communities, and acts of omission, when they protect and prioritize elite groups at the expense of the urban poor.' Author: 'Anguelovski, Isabelle; Shi, Linda; Chu, Eric; Gallagher, Daniel; Goh, Kian; Lamb, Zachary; Reeve, Kara; Teicher, Hannah' DOI: 10.1177/0739456x16645166 Date: 'September 1, 2016' Issue: 3 Journal: Journal of Planning Education and Research Keywords: climate change; urban; Adaptation; climate justice; Vulnerability Pages: 333-348 Title: 'Equity impacts of urban land use planning for climate adaptation: Critical perspectives from the global north and south' Volume: 36 Year: 2016 _record_number: 22691 _uuid: 3a068e5f-0c2e-4a23-b533-1fc512482ab3 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1177/0739456x16645166 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3a068e5f-0c2e-4a23-b533-1fc512482ab3.yaml identifier: 3a068e5f-0c2e-4a23-b533-1fc512482ab3 uri: /reference/3a068e5f-0c2e-4a23-b533-1fc512482ab3 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Vogel, Jason; Karen M. Carney; Joel B. Smith; Charles Herrick; Missy Stults; Megan O’Grady; Alexis St. Juliana; Heather Hosterman; Lorine Giangola' Institution: Kresge Foundation Keywords: urban; climate change; adaptation Place Published: Detroit Title: Climate Adaptation — The State of Practice in U.S. Communities URL: http://kresge.org/sites/default/files/library/climate-adaptation-the-state-of-practice-in-us-communities-full-report.pdf Year: 2016 _record_number: 22874 _uuid: 3c3cc09b-c2d7-4c52-bf8f-c064efa78e93 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/climate-adaptation-state-practice-us-communities href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3c3cc09b-c2d7-4c52-bf8f-c064efa78e93.yaml identifier: 3c3cc09b-c2d7-4c52-bf8f-c064efa78e93 uri: /reference/3c3cc09b-c2d7-4c52-bf8f-c064efa78e93 - attrs: Author: 'Garuma, Gemechu Fanta; Blanchet, Jean-Pierre; Girard, Éric; Leduc, Martin' DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2018.02.003 Date: 2018/06/01/ ISSN: 2212-0955 Journal: Urban Climate Keywords: Urban climate; Urban heat island; Sensible heat; Latent heat; Surface albedo; Urban fraction; Rural fraction Pages: 121-138 Title: Urban surface effects on current and future climate Volume: 24 Year: 2018 _record_number: 25613 _uuid: 3e9b6eba-21a7-474e-9773-190a0ec18257 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.uclim.2018.02.003 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3e9b6eba-21a7-474e-9773-190a0ec18257.yaml identifier: 3e9b6eba-21a7-474e-9773-190a0ec18257 uri: /reference/3e9b6eba-21a7-474e-9773-190a0ec18257 - attrs: Abstract: 'A number of cities in the United States have devised climate action plans (CAPs) to mitigate the effects of climate change. However, few of these plans address strategies to adapt to the long term effects of climate change that will occur in the near and distant future. The research presented in this article examines why cities choose to embed adaptation provisions in their CAPs. Our study codes the content of CAPs for all cities (N = 98) in the United States with populations greater than 50,000. We find cities that frame problems associated with climate change in the language of hazards are more likely to include adaptation strategies in their CAPs than cities that focus on other types of environmental harm. Our findings suggest that more robust efforts to plan for climate change will require the activation of communities of interest beyond those that have been instrumental in setting the current climate agenda.' Author: 'Koski, Chris; Siulagi, Alma' DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12173 ISSN: 1541-1338 Issue: 3 Journal: Review of Policy Research Keywords: climate change; climate action planning; adaptation; environmental framing; environment; urban studies; disaster & risk management; municipal; municipality; climate action plans; cities; mitigation Pages: 270-290 Title: 'Environmental harm or natural hazard? Problem identification and adaptation in U.S. municipal climate action plans' Volume: 33 Year: 2016 _record_number: 22769 _uuid: 4ed849f3-a967-4d18-840e-4441a79de3f6 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1111/ropr.12173 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4ed849f3-a967-4d18-840e-4441a79de3f6.yaml identifier: 4ed849f3-a967-4d18-840e-4441a79de3f6 uri: /reference/4ed849f3-a967-4d18-840e-4441a79de3f6 - attrs: Author: 'Donovan, Geoffrey H.' DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2017.02.010 Date: 2017/03/01/ ISSN: 1618-8667 Journal: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening Keywords: Crime; Energy conservation; Green infrastructure; Storm water Pages: 120-123 Title: Including public-health benefits of trees in urban-forestry decision making Volume: 22 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23196 _uuid: 50b8efeb-5360-49ff-be40-27718834a378 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.ufug.2017.02.010 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/50b8efeb-5360-49ff-be40-27718834a378.yaml identifier: 50b8efeb-5360-49ff-be40-27718834a378 uri: /reference/50b8efeb-5360-49ff-be40-27718834a378 - attrs: Abstract: 'We reviewed existing and planned adaptation activities of federal, tribal, state, and local governments and the private sector in the United States (U.S.) to understand what types of adaptation activities are underway across different sectors and scales throughout the country. Primary sources of review included material officially submitted for consideration in the upcoming 2013 U.S. National Climate Assessment and supplemental peer-reviewed and grey literature. Although substantial adaptation planning is occurring in various sectors, levels of government, and the private sector, few measures have been implemented and even fewer have been evaluated. Most adaptation actions to date appear to be incremental changes, not the transformational changes that may be needed in certain cases to adapt to significant changes in climate. While there appear to be no one-size-fits-all adaptations, there are similarities in approaches across scales and sectors, including mainstreaming climate considerations into existing policies and plans, and pursuing no- and low-regrets strategies. Despite the positive momentum in recent years, barriers to implementation still impede action in all sectors and across scales. The most significant barriers include lack of funding, policy and institutional constraints, and difficulty in anticipating climate change given the current state of information on change. However, the practice of adaptation can advance through learning by doing, stakeholder engagements (including “listening sessions”), and sharing of best practices. Efforts to advance adaptation across the U.S. and globally will necessitate the reduction or elimination of barriers, the enhancement of information and best practice sharing mechanisms, and the creation of comprehensive adaptation evaluation metrics.' Author: 'Bierbaum, Rosina; Smith, Joel B.; Lee, Arthur; Blair, Maria; Carter, Lynne; Chapin, F. Stuart; Fleming, Paul; Ruffo, Susan; Stults, Missy; McNeeley, Shannon; Wasley, Emily; Verduzco, Laura' DOI: 10.1007/s11027-012-9423-1 Date: March 01 ISSN: 1573-1596 Issue: 3 Journal: Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change Pages: 361-406 Title: 'A comprehensive review of climate adaptation in the United States: More than before, but less than needed' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 18 Year: 2013 _record_number: 22963 _uuid: 60233f20-d45f-4086-ada7-00dbd47712c3 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s11027-012-9423-1 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/60233f20-d45f-4086-ada7-00dbd47712c3.yaml identifier: 60233f20-d45f-4086-ada7-00dbd47712c3 uri: /reference/60233f20-d45f-4086-ada7-00dbd47712c3 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Younger, M.\rMorrow-Almeida, H.R.\rVindigni, S.M.\rDannenberg, A.L." DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.08.017 ISSN: 0749-3797 Issue: 5 Journal: American Journal of Preventive Medicine Pages: 517-526 Title: 'The built environment, climate change, and health: Opportunities for co-benefits' Volume: 35 Year: 2008 _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL"]' _record_number: 3514 _uuid: 6177fcba-e6ac-48c8-aed7-ef5eed7b1b9c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.amepre.2008.08.017 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/6177fcba-e6ac-48c8-aed7-ef5eed7b1b9c.yaml identifier: 6177fcba-e6ac-48c8-aed7-ef5eed7b1b9c uri: /reference/6177fcba-e6ac-48c8-aed7-ef5eed7b1b9c - attrs: Author: 'Chui, Andrew C.; Gittelson, Alexei; Sebastian, Elizabeth; Stamler, Natasha; Gaffin, Stuart R.' DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2017.12.009 Date: 2018/06/01/ ISSN: 2212-0955 Journal: Urban Climate Keywords: Urban heat island; White roofs; Green infrastructure; Surface temperature; Air temperature; Infrared thermography Pages: 51-62 Title: 'Urban heat islands and cooler infrastructure - Measuring near-surface temperatures with hand-held infrared cameras' Volume: 24 Year: 2018 _record_number: 25608 _uuid: 66133278-2088-4180-bea3-d55202d3bd76 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.uclim.2017.12.009 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/66133278-2088-4180-bea3-d55202d3bd76.yaml identifier: 66133278-2088-4180-bea3-d55202d3bd76 uri: /reference/66133278-2088-4180-bea3-d55202d3bd76 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Access Date: 'June 16, 2017' Author: 'Piacentini, R.' Keywords: added by ERG Title: 'When Leaders Won’t Lead: Taking Action on Climate Change' URL: http://futureofmuseums.blogspot.com/2017/03/when-leaders-wont-lead-taking-action-on.html Year: 2017 _record_number: 23170 _uuid: 67a4eb83-205a-49a9-95c8-32acdb53b6f5 reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/f0783a4d-8db2-41f1-bfe9-fa4a7f656b2c href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/67a4eb83-205a-49a9-95c8-32acdb53b6f5.yaml identifier: 67a4eb83-205a-49a9-95c8-32acdb53b6f5 uri: /reference/67a4eb83-205a-49a9-95c8-32acdb53b6f5 - attrs: .reference_type: 63 Author: 'ALA,' Pages: 2 Place Published: 'Chicago, IL' Publisher: American Library Association (ALA) Title: Resolution on the Importance of Sustainable Libraries URL: http://www.ala.org/aboutala/sites/ala.org.aboutala/files/content/governance/council/council_documents/2015_annual_council_documents/cd_36_substainable_libraries_resol_final.pdf Year: 2015 _record_number: 23205 _uuid: 7d48a881-5644-4b8f-977e-be1a59f45da3 reftype: Press Release child_publication: /generic/b4dafd6d-da09-413d-8ef5-9cce56fd197f href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7d48a881-5644-4b8f-977e-be1a59f45da3.yaml identifier: 7d48a881-5644-4b8f-977e-be1a59f45da3 uri: /reference/7d48a881-5644-4b8f-977e-be1a59f45da3 - attrs: Author: 'Nowak, David J.; Hirabayashi, Satoshi; Bodine, Allison; Greenfield, Eric' DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.05.028 Date: 2014/10/01/ ISSN: 0269-7491 Journal: Environmental Pollution Keywords: Air pollution removal; Air quality; Ecosystem services; Human mortality; Urban forests Pages: 119-129 Title: Tree and forest effects on air quality and human health in the United States Volume: 193 Year: 2014 _record_number: 23186 _uuid: 851f8d77-bb6b-439a-b252-441831cebda2 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.05.028 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/851f8d77-bb6b-439a-b252-441831cebda2.yaml identifier: 851f8d77-bb6b-439a-b252-441831cebda2 uri: /reference/851f8d77-bb6b-439a-b252-441831cebda2 - attrs: Abstract: 'While recent research has recognized the importance of considering social vulnerability, the changing patterns of social vulnerability within cities and the climate adaptation challenges these shifts pose have yet to receive much attention. In this article, we evaluate the changing patterns of social vulnerability in three coastal cities (Houston, New Orleans, and Tampa) over a thirty-year time period (1980–2010) and integrate neighborhood change theories with theories of social vulnerability to explain those patterns. Through this analysis, we highlight emerging dimensions of vulnerability that warrant attention in the future adaptation efforts of these cities.' Author: 'Kashem, Shakil Bin; Bev Wilson; Van Zandt, Shannon' DOI: 10.1177/0739456x16645167 Issue: 3 Journal: Journal of Planning Education and Research Keywords: 'social vulnerability,climate change adaptation,land use planning,neighborhood change' Pages: 304-318 Title: 'Planning for climate adaptation: Evaluating the changing patterns of social vulnerability and adaptation challenges in three coastal cities' Volume: 36 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23074 _uuid: 87cfc4e1-f44b-4fb0-ae65-cbeec57ebfac reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1177/0739456x16645167 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/87cfc4e1-f44b-4fb0-ae65-cbeec57ebfac.yaml identifier: 87cfc4e1-f44b-4fb0-ae65-cbeec57ebfac uri: /reference/87cfc4e1-f44b-4fb0-ae65-cbeec57ebfac - attrs: Abstract: "The 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris (COP21) highlighted the importance of cities to climate action, as well as the unjust burdens borne by the world's most disadvantaged peoples in addressing climate impacts. Few studies have documented the barriers to redressing the drivers of social vulnerability as part of urban local climate change adaptation efforts, or evaluated how emerging adaptation plans impact marginalized groups. Here, we present a roadmap to reorient research on the social dimensions of urban climate adaptation around four issues of equity and justice: (1) broadening participation in adaptation planning; (2) expanding adaptation to rapidly growing cities and those with low financial or institutional capacity; (3) adopting a multilevel and multi-scalar approach to adaptation planning; and (4) integrating justice into infrastructure and urban design processes. Responding to these empirical and theoretical research needs is the first step towards identifying pathways to more transformative adaptation policies." Author: 'Shi, L. D.; Chu, E.; Anguelovski, I.; Aylett, A.; Debats, J.; Goh, K.; Schenk, T.; Seto, K. C.; Dodman, D.; Roberts, D.; Roberts, J. T.; VanDeveer, S. D.' DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2841 Date: Feb ISSN: 1758-678X Issue: 2 Journal: Nature Climate Change Keywords: Urban; Adaptation; Climate justice Pages: 131-137 Title: Roadmap towards justice in urban climate adaptation research Volume: 6 Year: 2016 _record_number: 22846 _uuid: 8a4248ca-3d8c-4bdb-a28d-292a149733ba reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/nclimate2841 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8a4248ca-3d8c-4bdb-a28d-292a149733ba.yaml identifier: 8a4248ca-3d8c-4bdb-a28d-292a149733ba uri: /reference/8a4248ca-3d8c-4bdb-a28d-292a149733ba - attrs: Abstract: 'Modeling results incorporating several distinct urban expansion futures for the United States in 2100 show that, in the absence of any adaptive urban design, megapolitan expansion, alone and separate from greenhouse gas-induced forcing, can be expected to raise near-surface temperatures 1-2 degrees C not just at the scale of individual cities but over large regional swaths of the country. This warming is a significant fraction of the 21st century greenhouse gas-induced climate change simulated by global climate models. Using a suite of regional climate simulations, we assessed the efficacy of commonly proposed urban adaptation strategies, such as green, cool roof, and hybrid approaches, to ameliorate the warming. Our results quantify how judicious choices in urban planning and design cannot only counteract the climatological impacts of the urban expansion itself but also, can, in fact, even offset a significant percentage of future greenhouse warming over large scales. Our results also reveal tradeoffs among different adaptation options for some regions, showing the need for geographically appropriate strategies rather than one size fits all solutions.' Author: 'Georgescu, M.; Morefield, P. E.; Bierwagen, B. G.; Weaver, C. P.' DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1322280111 Date: Feb ISSN: 0027-8424 Issue: 8 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Keywords: urban; Adaptation; Projection; climate change Pages: 2909-2914 Title: Urban adaptation can roll back warming of emerging megapolitan regions Volume: 111 Year: 2014 _record_number: 22733 _uuid: 8b1d0928-f216-4d11-8a06-b710ff7f2eae reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1322280111 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8b1d0928-f216-4d11-8a06-b710ff7f2eae.yaml identifier: 8b1d0928-f216-4d11-8a06-b710ff7f2eae uri: /reference/8b1d0928-f216-4d11-8a06-b710ff7f2eae - attrs: Abstract: 'Climate extremes have profound implications for urban infrastructure and human society, but studies of observed changes in climate extremes over the global urban areas are few, even though more than half of the global population now resides in urban areas. Here, using observed station data for 217 urban areas across the globe, we show that these urban areas have experienced significant increases ( p -value <0.05) in the number of heat waves during the period 1973–2012, while the frequency of cold waves has declined. Almost half of the urban areas experienced significant increases in the number of extreme hot days, while almost 2/3 showed significant increases in the frequency of extreme hot nights. Extreme windy days declined substantially during the last four decades with statistically significant declines in about 60% in the urban areas. Significant increases ( p -value <0.05) in the frequency of daily precipitation extremes and in annual maximum precipitation occurred at smaller fractions (17 and 10% respectively) of the total urban areas, with about half as many urban areas showing statistically significant downtrends as uptrends. Changes in temperature and wind extremes, estimated as the result of a 40 year linear trend, differed for urban and non-urban pairs, while changes in indices of extreme precipitation showed no clear differentiation for urban and selected non-urban stations.' Author: 'Mishra, Vimal; Auroop R. Ganguly; Bart Nijssen; Dennis P. Lettenmaier' DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/10/2/024005 ISSN: 1748-9326 Issue: 2 Journal: Environmental Research Letters Pages: 024005 Title: Changes in observed climate extremes in global urban areas Volume: 10 Year: 2015 _record_number: 23176 _uuid: 8be634e3-a62f-44d2-9cde-dd7010cdad04 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1088/1748-9326/10/2/024005 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8be634e3-a62f-44d2-9cde-dd7010cdad04.yaml identifier: 8be634e3-a62f-44d2-9cde-dd7010cdad04 uri: /reference/8be634e3-a62f-44d2-9cde-dd7010cdad04 - attrs: Abstract: 'Cities are particularly prone to the effects of climate change. One way for cities to adapt is by enhancing their green infrastructure (GI) to mitigate the impacts of heat waves and flooding. While alternative GI design options exist, there are many unknowns regarding public support for the various options. This study aims to fill this gap by performing a socio-cultural valuation of urban GI for climate adaptation that encompasses multiple dimensions: people’s notion of and concerns about climate impacts, the degree to which people acknowledge the benefits of GI to alleviate such impacts, and people’s preferences for different GI measures, including their willingness to pay (WTP). Data were collected through photo-assisted face-to-face surveys (n = 200) with residents in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and linked to GI GIS data. Respondents had a notion of and concerns about climate impacts, but did not necessarily acknowledge that GI may help tackle these issues. Yet, when residents were informed about the adaptation capacity of different GI measures, their preferences shifted towards the most effective options. There was no information effect, however, on people’s WTP for GI, which was mostly related to income and ethnicity. Our study shows that economic valuation alone would miss nuances that socio-cultural valuation as applied in this paper can reveal. The method revealed preferences for particular adaptation designs, and assists in detecting why policy for climate adaptation may be hampered. Understanding people’s views on climate impacts and adaptation options is crucial for prioritizing effective policy responses in the face of climate change.' Author: 'Derkzen, Marthe L.; van Teeffelen, Astrid J. A.; Verburg, Peter H.' DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.05.027 Date: 1// ISSN: 0169-2046 Journal: Landscape and Urban Planning Keywords: ecosystem services; urban; climate change; Green infrastructure; Adaptation; non-US Pages: 106-130 Title: 'Green infrastructure for urban climate adaptation: How do residents’ views on climate impacts and green infrastructure shape adaptation preferences?' Volume: 157 Year: 2017 _record_number: 22725 _uuid: 917f65f2-6868-4f60-b499-c8560716f5fc reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.05.027 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/917f65f2-6868-4f60-b499-c8560716f5fc.yaml identifier: 917f65f2-6868-4f60-b499-c8560716f5fc uri: /reference/917f65f2-6868-4f60-b499-c8560716f5fc - attrs: Author: 'Chan, Alisha Y.; Hopkins, Kristina G.' DOI: 10.1061/JSWBAY.0000827 Issue: 3 Journal: Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment Keywords: NEW; adaptation; green infrastructure; social vulnerability Pages: 05017002 Title: 'Associations between sociodemographics and green infrastructure placement in Portland, Oregon' Volume: 3 Year: 2017 _record_number: 22716 _uuid: 91fcdcf9-a731-4ab0-9f46-3eb4ac0eb53d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1061/JSWBAY.0000827 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/91fcdcf9-a731-4ab0-9f46-3eb4ac0eb53d.yaml identifier: 91fcdcf9-a731-4ab0-9f46-3eb4ac0eb53d uri: /reference/91fcdcf9-a731-4ab0-9f46-3eb4ac0eb53d - attrs: Abstract: "Problem, research strategy, and findings: Cities are increasingly experiencing the effects of climate change and taking steps to adapt to current and future natural hazard risks. Research on these efforts has identified numerous barriers to climate adaptation planning, but has not yet systematically evaluated the relative importance of different constraints for a large number of diverse cities. We draw on responses from 156 U.S. cities that participated in a 2011 global survey on local adaptation planning, 60% of which are planning for climate change. We use logistic regression analysis to assess the significance of 13 indicators measuring political leadership, fiscal and administrative resources, ability to obtain and communicate climate information, and state policies in predicting the status of adaptation planning. In keeping with the literature, we find that greater local elected officials? commitment, higher municipal expenditures per capita, and an awareness that the climate is already changing are associated with cities engaging in adaptation planning. The presence of state policies on climate adaptation is surprisingly not a statistically significant predictor, suggesting that current policies are not yet strong enough to increase local adaptation planning. However, the model's sampling bias toward larger and more environmentally progressive cities may mask the predictive power of state policies and other indicators.Takeaway for practice: State governments have an opportunity to increase local political commitment by integrating requirements for climate-risk evaluations into existing funding streams and investment plans. Regional planning entities also can help overcome the lack of local fiscal capacity and political support by facilitating the exchange of information, pooling and channeling resources, and providing technical assistance to local planners." Author: 'Shi, Linda; Chu, Eric; Debats, Jessica' DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2015.1074526 Date: 2015/07/03 ISSN: 0194-4363 Issue: 3 Journal: Journal of the American Planning Association Keywords: Urban; Adaptation Pages: 191-202 Publisher: Routledge Title: Explaining progress in climate adaptation planning across 156 U.S. municipalities Volume: 81 Year: 2015 _record_number: 22845 _uuid: 95f74b48-a288-42e6-865e-6d39b6463493 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1080/01944363.2015.1074526 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/95f74b48-a288-42e6-865e-6d39b6463493.yaml identifier: 95f74b48-a288-42e6-865e-6d39b6463493 uri: /reference/95f74b48-a288-42e6-865e-6d39b6463493 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Moser, Susanne C.; Coffee, Joyce; Seville, Aleka' Institution: Kresge Foundation Pages: 105 Place Published: 'Troy, MI' Title: 'Rising to the Challenge, together: A Review and Critical Assessment of the State of the US Climate Adaptation Field' URL: https://kresge.org/content/rising-challenge-together Year: 2017 _record_number: 25646 _uuid: 9681bb6b-eda0-4d8b-8034-e7104987c644 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/rising-challenge-together-review-critical-assessment-state-us-climate-adaptation-field href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9681bb6b-eda0-4d8b-8034-e7104987c644.yaml identifier: 9681bb6b-eda0-4d8b-8034-e7104987c644 uri: /reference/9681bb6b-eda0-4d8b-8034-e7104987c644 - attrs: Abstract: 'Climate change and extreme weather events are expected to increase in frequency and intensity in the United States. The social factors that drive cities to adapt to and/or prepare for these impacts are largely unknown. Sixty-five qualitative interviews were conducted with multi-sectoral decision-makers to assess factors driving adaptation in six cities across the United States: Tucson, Arizona; Tampa, Florida; Raleigh, North Carolina; Boston, Massachusetts; Portland, Oregon; and Los Angeles, California. We find that there are three type of factors that affect adaptation: (1) swing characteristics of or events within localities that can lead toward or away from action; (2) inhibitors ways of thinking and framing climate change available to decision-makers that slow, but do not necessarily stop change; and (3) resource catalysts types of information and moral grounding that provide a rationale for change. These factors often intersect such that swing factors are only influential in cities with some political acceptance of climate change. In cities where public acceptance of climate change is slowly shifting, resource catalysts are more influential. This is the first qualitative study of climate change adaptation in American cities. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.' Author: 'Carlson, K.; McCormick, S.' DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.09.015 Date: Nov ISSN: 0959-3780 Journal: Global Environmental Change Keywords: climate change; adaptation; urban Pages: 360-367 Title: 'American adaptation: Social factors affecting new developments to address climate change' Volume: 35 Year: 2015 _record_number: 22713 _uuid: 98a171ed-c572-4c28-a49b-03110f1cac10 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.09.015 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/98a171ed-c572-4c28-a49b-03110f1cac10.yaml identifier: 98a171ed-c572-4c28-a49b-03110f1cac10 uri: /reference/98a171ed-c572-4c28-a49b-03110f1cac10 - attrs: Author: 'Aerts, Jeroen C. J. H.; Botzen, W. J. Wouter; Emanuel, Kerry; Lin, Ning; de Moel, Hans; Michel-Kerjan, Erwann O.' DOI: 10.1126/science.1248222 Issue: 6183 Journal: Science Keywords: urban; climate change; flooding; resilience; NE; Projection Pages: 473-475 Title: Evaluating flood resilience strategies for coastal megacities Volume: 344 Year: 2014 _record_number: 22688 _uuid: 993dacc4-2fe3-4fdb-a822-70538be4da25 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.1248222 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/993dacc4-2fe3-4fdb-a822-70538be4da25.yaml identifier: 993dacc4-2fe3-4fdb-a822-70538be4da25 uri: /reference/993dacc4-2fe3-4fdb-a822-70538be4da25 - attrs: Abstract: 'Urban areas are increasingly seen as having distinct need for climate adaptation. Further, as resources are limited, it is essential to prioritize adaptation actions. At the municipal scale, we suggest that priorities be placed where there is a gap between adaption need and existing adaptation effort. Taking Seattle, USA, as an example, we present this gap in terms of four categories of adaptation options (no-regret, primary, secondary, and tertiary) for the three primary urban hazards—flooding, heat wave, and drought. To do so, we first establish current adaptation need by identifying and categorizing adaptation options. Next, we consider for each option the number of hazards addressed and benefit to and beyond climate adaptation, the projected magnitude of the hazards addressed, the projection’s uncertainty, and the required scale and irreversibility of investment. Third, we assessed Seattle’s current adaptation efforts by reviewing adaptation plans and related materials. Finally, we identify the distance or “gap” as the proportion of adaptation options not identified by existing adaptation plans. For Seattle, we categorized seven options as no-regret adaptation, five as primary, two as secondary, and three as tertiary. Each level’s adaptation gap highlights significant opportunities to take steps to reduce climate risks in key areas.' Author: 'Chen, Chen; Doherty, Meghan; Coffee, Joyce; Wong, Theodore; Hellmann, Jessica' DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2016.05.007 Date: 12// ISSN: 1462-9011 Journal: Environmental Science & Policy Keywords: NEW; adaptation; cities Pages: 403-419 Title: 'Measuring the adaptation gap: A framework for evaluating climate hazards and opportunities in urban areas' Volume: 66 Year: 2016 _record_number: 22717 _uuid: 9dbe259c-7b0d-4bbb-b0bc-2e24cc3d106f reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.envsci.2016.05.007 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9dbe259c-7b0d-4bbb-b0bc-2e24cc3d106f.yaml identifier: 9dbe259c-7b0d-4bbb-b0bc-2e24cc3d106f uri: /reference/9dbe259c-7b0d-4bbb-b0bc-2e24cc3d106f - attrs: Abstract: 'Many inhabitants of cities throughout the world suffer from health problems and discomfort that are caused by overheating of urban areas, and there is compelling evidence that these problems will be exacerbated by global climate change. Most cities are not designed to ameliorate these effects although it is well-known that this is possible, especially through evidence-based climate-responsive design of urban open spaces. Urban parks and green spaces have the potential to provide thermally comfortable environments and help reduce vulnerability to heat stress. However, in order for them to provide this function, parks must be designed within the context of the prevailing climate and predicted future climates. To analyze the effects of elements that alter microclimate in parks, we used human energy budget simulations. We modelled the outdoor human energy budget in a range of warm to hot climate zones and interpreted the results in terms of thermal comfort and health vulnerability. Reduction of solar radiant input with trees had the greatest effect in all test cities. Reduction in air temperature was the second-most important component, and in some climates was nearly as important as incorporating shade. We then conducted similar modelling using predicted climates for the middle of the century, emphasizing the importance of city-level efforts for park design to assist in minimizing future climate-related urban health risks. These simulations suggested that heat waves in many climates will produce outdoor environments where people will be in extreme danger of heat stress, but that appropriately designed parks can reduce the threat.' Author: 'Brown, Robert D.; Vanos, Jennifer; Kenny, Natasha; Lenzholzer, Sanda' DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.02.006 Date: 6// ISSN: 0169-2046 Journal: Landscape and Urban Planning Keywords: urban; heat; urban forest; climate change Pages: 118-131 Title: Designing urban parks that ameliorate the effects of climate change Volume: 138 Year: 2015 _record_number: 22704 _uuid: 9ec5956c-c78a-4fef-86be-4fed318bf303 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.02.006 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9ec5956c-c78a-4fef-86be-4fed318bf303.yaml identifier: 9ec5956c-c78a-4fef-86be-4fed318bf303 uri: /reference/9ec5956c-c78a-4fef-86be-4fed318bf303 - attrs: Author: 'Kettle, Nathan P.; Dow, Kirstin; Tuler, Seth; Webler, Thomas; Whitehead, Jessica; Miller, Karly M.' DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2014.07.001 Date: 2014/01/01/ ISSN: 2212-0963 Journal: Climate Risk Management Keywords: Barrier island; South Carolina; Climate adaptation; Mediated modeling; Risk management Pages: 17-31 Title: Integrating scientific and local knowledge to inform risk-based management approaches for climate adaptation Volume: 4-5 Year: 2014 _record_number: 23046 _uuid: b0952748-e532-4d7c-ace8-66786863734d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.crm.2014.07.001 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b0952748-e532-4d7c-ace8-66786863734d.yaml identifier: b0952748-e532-4d7c-ace8-66786863734d uri: /reference/b0952748-e532-4d7c-ace8-66786863734d - attrs: Author: 'Nowak, David J.; Appleton, Nathaniel; Ellis, Alexis; Greenfield, Eric' DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2016.12.004 Date: 2017/01/01/ ISSN: 1618-8667 Journal: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening Keywords: Air quality; Ecosystem services; Energy use; Pollutant emissions; Urban forestry Pages: 158-165 Title: Residential building energy conservation and avoided power plant emissions by urban and community trees in the United States Volume: 21 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23185 _uuid: b17b3711-69f8-4b4e-853b-9264efb971f1 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.ufug.2016.12.004 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b17b3711-69f8-4b4e-853b-9264efb971f1.yaml identifier: b17b3711-69f8-4b4e-853b-9264efb971f1 uri: /reference/b17b3711-69f8-4b4e-853b-9264efb971f1 - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: 'Revi, A.; Satterthwaite, D. E.; Aragón-Durand, F.; Corfee-Morlot, J.; Kiunsi, R. B. R.; Pelling, M.; Roberts, D. C.; Solecki, W.' Book Title: 'Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change' Editor: 'Field, C. B.; Barros, V. R.; Dokken, D. J.; Mach, K. J.; Mastrandrea, M. D.; Bilir, T. E.; Chatterjee, M.; Ebi, K. L.; Estrada, Y. O.; Genova, R. C.; Girma, B.; Kissel, E. S.; Levy, A. N.; MacCracken, S.; Mastrandrea, P. R.; White, L. L.' Pages: 535-612 Place Published: 'Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA' Publisher: Cambridge University Press Short Title: Urban areas Title: Urban areas Year: 2014 _record_number: 17700 _uuid: b75bf8c7-f76f-4fd9-98d4-fd8fa08341f2 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/ipcc-ar5-wg2-parta/chapter/wg2-ar5-chap8-final href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b75bf8c7-f76f-4fd9-98d4-fd8fa08341f2.yaml identifier: b75bf8c7-f76f-4fd9-98d4-fd8fa08341f2 uri: /reference/b75bf8c7-f76f-4fd9-98d4-fd8fa08341f2 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Stratus Consulting and Denver Water,' Institution: Stratus Consulting Pages: various Place Published: 'Boulder, CO' Title: 'Embracing uncertainty: A case study examination of how climate change is shifting water utility planning. Prepared for the Water Utility Climate Alliance (WUCA), the American Water Works Association (AWWA), the Water Research Foundation (WRF), and the Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies (AMWA) by Stratus Consulting Inc., Boulder, CO (Karen Raucher and Robert Raucher) and Denver Water, Denver, CO (Laurna Kaatz)' URL: https://www.wucaonline.org/assets/pdf/pubs-uncertainty.pdf Year: 2015 _record_number: 25408 _uuid: bc596c87-23de-4edf-9351-ff2fe74ba4c7 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/embracing-uncertainty-case-study-examination-how-climate-change-is-shifting-water-utility-planning-prepared-water-utility-climate-alliance-wuca-american-water-works-association-awwa-water-research-foundation-wrf-association-metropolitan-water-agencies-amwa-by-stratus-consulting-inc-boulder-co-karen-raucher-robert-raucher-denver-water-denver-co-laurna-kaatz href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/bc596c87-23de-4edf-9351-ff2fe74ba4c7.yaml identifier: bc596c87-23de-4edf-9351-ff2fe74ba4c7 uri: /reference/bc596c87-23de-4edf-9351-ff2fe74ba4c7 - attrs: Abstract: 'Independent lines of research on urbanization, urban areas, and carbon have advanced our understanding of some of the processes through which energy and land uses affect carbon. This synthesis integrates some of these diverse viewpoints as a first step toward a coproduced, integrated framework for understanding urbanization, urban areas, and their relationships to carbon. It suggests the need for approaches that complement and combine the plethora of existing insights into interdisciplinary explorations of how different urbanization processes, and socio-ecological and technological components of urban areas, affect the spatial and temporal patterns of carbon emissions, differentially over time and within and across cities. It also calls for a more holistic approach to examining the carbon implications of urbanization and urban areas, based not only on demographics or income but also on other interconnected features of urban development pathways such as urban form, economic function, economic-growth policies, and other governance arrangements. It points to a wide array of uncertainties around the urbanization processes, their interactions with urban socio-institutional and built environment systems, and how these impact the exchange of carbon flows within and outside urban areas. We must also understand in turn how carbon feedbacks, including carbon impacts and potential impacts of climate change, can affect urbanization processes. Finally, the paper explores options, barriers, and limits to transitioning cities to low-carbon trajectories, and suggests the development of an end-to-end, coproduced and integrated scientific understanding that can more effectively inform the navigation of transitional journeys and the avoidance of obstacles along the way.' Author: 'Romero-Lankao, P.; Gurney, K. R.; Seto, K. C.; Chester, M.; Duren, R. M.; Hughes, S.; Hutyra, L. R.; Marcotullio, P.; Baker, L.; Grimm, N. B.; Kennedy, C.; Larson, E.; Pincetl, S.; Runfola, D.; Sanchez, L.; Shrestha, G.; Feddema, J.; Sarzynski, A.; Sperling, J.; Stokes, E.' DOI: 10.1002/2014ef000258 Date: Oct ISSN: 2328-4277 Issue: 10 Journal: Earth's Future Keywords: Urban; carbon cycle; Urbanization; Mitigation Pages: 515-532 Title: 'A critical knowledge pathway to low-carbon, sustainable futures: Integrated understanding of urbanization, urban areas, and carbon' Volume: 2 Year: 2014 _record_number: 22829 _uuid: c649aa60-e3b5-47a4-8a40-0d7ef5cf98d8 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/2014ef000258 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/c649aa60-e3b5-47a4-8a40-0d7ef5cf98d8.yaml identifier: c649aa60-e3b5-47a4-8a40-0d7ef5cf98d8 uri: /reference/c649aa60-e3b5-47a4-8a40-0d7ef5cf98d8 - attrs: .reference_type: 9 Author: 'National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,' DOI: 10.17226/21852 Keywords: added by ERG Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: National Academies Press Title: Attribution of Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change Year: 2016 _record_number: 22915 _uuid: cb667add-afc5-472b-a8bc-6c688712b9c8 reftype: Book child_publication: /report/nas-attribution-extreme-weather-2016 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/cb667add-afc5-472b-a8bc-6c688712b9c8.yaml identifier: cb667add-afc5-472b-a8bc-6c688712b9c8 uri: /reference/cb667add-afc5-472b-a8bc-6c688712b9c8 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Stone, Brian Jr.; Vargo, Jason; Liu, Peng; Habeeb, Dana; DeLucia, Anthony; Trail, Marcus; Hu, Yongtao; Russell, Armistead' DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100852 ISSN: 1932-6203 Issue: 6 Journal: PLoS ONE Pages: e100852 Title: Avoided heat-related mortality through climate adaptation strategies in three US cities Volume: 9 Year: 2014 _chapter: Ch2 _record_number: 19132 _uuid: d3a3ca44-1e49-41ee-9063-dc1be22dec3c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1371/journal.pone.0100852 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d3a3ca44-1e49-41ee-9063-dc1be22dec3c.yaml identifier: d3a3ca44-1e49-41ee-9063-dc1be22dec3c uri: /reference/d3a3ca44-1e49-41ee-9063-dc1be22dec3c - attrs: Abstract: 'The concentration of people, infrastructure, and ecosystem services in urban areas make them prime sites for climate change adaptation. While advances have been made in the development of frameworks for adaptation planning and in identifying both real and potential barriers to action, empirical work evaluating urban adaptation planning processes has been relatively piecemeal. Existing assessments of current experience with urban adaptation provide necessarily broad generalizations based on the available peer-reviewed literature. This paper uses a meta-analysis of U.S. cities’ current experience with urban adaptation planning drawing from 54 sources that include peer-reviewed literature, government reports, white papers, and reports published by non-governmental organizations. The analysis specifically evaluates the institutional support structures being developed for urban climate change adaptation. The results demonstrate that adaptation planning is driven by a desire to reduce vulnerability and often catalyzes new collaborations and coordination mechanisms in urban governance. As a result, building capacity for urban climate change adaptation planning requires a focus not only on city governments themselves but also on the complex horizontal and vertical networks that have arisen around such efforts. Existing adaptation planning often lacks attention to equity issues, social vulnerability, and the influence of non-climatic factors on vulnerability. Engaging city governments and communities in adaptation planning – whether to initiate or expand such efforts – may require that adaptation planning is framed to capitalize on their motivation to protect assets and reduce vulnerability.' Author: 'Hughes, Sara' DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2015.06.003 Date: 12// ISSN: 2212-0955 Journal: Urban Climate Keywords: urban; Adaptation; climate change Pages: 17-29 Title: A meta-analysis of urban climate change adaptation planning in the U.S Volume: '14, Part 1' Year: 2015 _record_number: 22752 _uuid: e092ae8f-d7ed-4879-8773-ea442b9fd12d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.uclim.2015.06.003 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e092ae8f-d7ed-4879-8773-ea442b9fd12d.yaml identifier: e092ae8f-d7ed-4879-8773-ea442b9fd12d uri: /reference/e092ae8f-d7ed-4879-8773-ea442b9fd12d - attrs: Author: 'Gaffin, Stuart R.; Rosenzweig, Cynthia; Kong, Angela Y. Y.' DOI: 10.1038/nclimate1685 Date: 09/27/online Journal: Nature Climate Change Pages: 704 Publisher: 'Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.' Title: Adapting to climate change through urban green infrastructure Type of Article: Correspondence Volume: 2 Year: 2012 _record_number: 23194 _uuid: e40c4470-2588-4c8c-8fbe-b95317579882 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/nclimate1685 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e40c4470-2588-4c8c-8fbe-b95317579882.yaml identifier: e40c4470-2588-4c8c-8fbe-b95317579882 uri: /reference/e40c4470-2588-4c8c-8fbe-b95317579882 - attrs: Author: 'Estrada, Francisco; Botzen, W. J. Wouter; Tol, Richard S. J.' DOI: 10.1038/nclimate3301 Date: 06//print ISSN: 1758-678X Issue: 6 Journal: Nature Climate Change Pages: 403-406 Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Title: A global economic assessment of city policies to reduce climate change impacts Type of Article: Letter Volume: 7 Year: 2017 _record_number: 21835 _uuid: e904b5f2-2c5e-4e55-8365-2ba748291939 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/nclimate3301 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e904b5f2-2c5e-4e55-8365-2ba748291939.yaml identifier: e904b5f2-2c5e-4e55-8365-2ba748291939 uri: /reference/e904b5f2-2c5e-4e55-8365-2ba748291939 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'UN-Habitat,' Institution: 'United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) ' Notes: 'ISBN: 978-92-1-132708-3 ' Pages: 247 Place Published: 'Nairobi, Kenya' Series Volume: HS/038/16E Title: 'Urbanization and Development: Emerging Futures. World Cities report 2016' URL: http://wcr.unhabitat.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2016/05/WCR-%20Full-Report-2016.pdf Year: 2016 _record_number: 23182 _uuid: f1f67e52-3ceb-47c9-8961-a6640d15a618 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/urbanization-development-emerging-futures-world-cities-report-2016 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f1f67e52-3ceb-47c9-8961-a6640d15a618.yaml identifier: f1f67e52-3ceb-47c9-8961-a6640d15a618 uri: /reference/f1f67e52-3ceb-47c9-8961-a6640d15a618