--- - attrs: Abstract: 'Urban areas account for the majority of global greenhouse gas emissions, and increasingly, it is city governments that are adopting and implementing climate mitigation policies. Many municipal governments have joined two different global city networks that aim to promote climate policy development at the urban scale, and there is qualitative evidence that such networks play an important role in motivating cities to adopt climate policies and helping them to implement them. Our study objective is to test this proposition quantitatively, making use of a global database on cities’ environmental policy adoption, and also taking into account a large number of other factors that could play a role in climate policy adoption. Controlling for these other factors, we find that network membership does make a significant difference in the number of different measures that city governments adopt. We also find that there are significant differences between the two different networks, suggesting that the nature of the services that such networks offer their members can play an important role. Our findings lead to the provision of a set of global mitigation strategies: First of all, joining the city networks can lead to a generation of global strategies which can result into climate mitigation benefits. However, cities are required to select the network which provides proper tailor made policies. Second, in the absence of concrete international commitments at the local level, city networks lay the ground for global governance and enable cities to adopt policies independently and proactively. Third, consideration of co-benefits of climate policies can optimize the development of global strategies.' Author: 'Rashidi, Kaveh; Patt, Anthony' DOI: 10.1007/s11027-017-9747-y Date: April 01 ISSN: 1573-1596 Issue: 4 Journal: Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change Pages: 507-523 Title: 'Subsistence over symbolism: The role of transnational municipal networks on cities’ climate policy innovation and adoption' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 23 Year: 2018 _record_number: 25624 _uuid: f84b3b33-9af1-49c1-88b0-c509411fdd60 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s11027-017-9747-y href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f84b3b33-9af1-49c1-88b0-c509411fdd60.yaml identifier: f84b3b33-9af1-49c1-88b0-c509411fdd60 uri: /reference/f84b3b33-9af1-49c1-88b0-c509411fdd60 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'DOE,' Institution: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Pages: 189 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Series Volume: DOE/EPSA-0005 Title: 'Climate Change and the U.S. Energy Sector: Regional Vulnerabilities and Resilience Solutions ' URL: https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/10/f27/Regional_Climate_Vulnerabilities_and_Resilience_Solutions_0.pdf Year: 2015 _record_number: 21345 _uuid: f9f08a1a-4e9f-462f-a96e-3342cc6b7813 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/climate-change-us-energy-sector-regional-vulnerabilities-resilience-solutions href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f9f08a1a-4e9f-462f-a96e-3342cc6b7813.yaml identifier: f9f08a1a-4e9f-462f-a96e-3342cc6b7813 uri: /reference/f9f08a1a-4e9f-462f-a96e-3342cc6b7813 - attrs: Abstract: 'Episodes of severe weather in the United States, such as the present abundance of rainfall in California, are brandished as tangible evidence of the future costs of current climate trends. Hsiang et al. collected national data documenting the responses in six economic sectors to short-term weather fluctuations. These data were integrated with probabilistic distributions from a set of global climate models and used to estimate future costs during the remainder of this century across a range of scenarios (see the Perspective by Pizer). In terms of overall effects on gross domestic product, the authors predict negative impacts in the southern United States and positive impacts in some parts of the Pacific Northwest and New England.Science, this issue p. 1362; see also p. 1330Estimates of climate change damage are central to the design of climate policies. Here, we develop a flexible architecture for computing damages that integrates climate science, econometric analyses, and process models. We use this approach to construct spatially explicit, probabilistic, and empirically derived estimates of economic damage in the United States from climate change. The combined value of market and nonmarket damage across analyzed sectors—agriculture, crime, coastal storms, energy, human mortality, and labor—increases quadratically in global mean temperature, costing roughly 1.2% of gross domestic product per +1°C on average. Importantly, risk is distributed unequally across locations, generating a large transfer of value northward and westward that increases economic inequality. By the late 21st century, the poorest third of counties are projected to experience damages between 2 and 20% of county income (90% chance) under business-as-usual emissions (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5).' Author: 'Hsiang, Solomon; Kopp, Robert; Jina, Amir; Rising, James; Delgado, Michael; Mohan, Shashank; Rasmussen, D. J.; Muir-Wood, Robert; Wilson, Paul; Oppenheimer, Michael; Larsen, Kate; Houser, Trevor' DOI: 10.1126/science.aal4369 Issue: 6345 Journal: Science Pages: 1362-1369 Title: Estimating economic damage from climate change in the United States Volume: 356 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23965 _uuid: fad9e8ec-8951-4daa-9a9c-e093ef86af16 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.aal4369 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/fad9e8ec-8951-4daa-9a9c-e093ef86af16.yaml identifier: fad9e8ec-8951-4daa-9a9c-e093ef86af16 uri: /reference/fad9e8ec-8951-4daa-9a9c-e093ef86af16 - attrs: Author: 'Bulkeley, Harriet; Tuts, Rafael' DOI: 10.1080/13549839.2013.788479 Date: 2013/07/01 ISSN: 1354-9839 Issue: 6 Journal: Local Environment Pages: 646-662 Publisher: Routledge Title: 'Understanding urban vulnerability, adaptation and resilience in the context of climate change' Volume: 18 Year: 2013 _record_number: 23132 _uuid: faddfbf9-dbd6-45d5-a3f8-1ee63ccaa29d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1080/13549839.2013.788479 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/faddfbf9-dbd6-45d5-a3f8-1ee63ccaa29d.yaml identifier: faddfbf9-dbd6-45d5-a3f8-1ee63ccaa29d uri: /reference/faddfbf9-dbd6-45d5-a3f8-1ee63ccaa29d - attrs: .reference_type: 9 Editor: 'Miller, Kathleen A.; Hamlet, Alan F.; Kenney, Douglas S.; Redmond, Kelly T.' ISBN: 9781482227987 Keywords: added by ERG; Imported by ERG Number of Pages: 434 Place Published: 'Boca Raton, FL' Publisher: CRC Press Title: 'Water Policy and Planning in a Variable and Changing Climate: Insights from the Western United States' Year: 2016 _record_number: 23165 _uuid: fbfe4df4-0209-4593-9fe6-dd45f1a1abb1 reftype: Edited Book child_publication: /book/water-policy-planning-variable-changing-climate-insights-western-united-states href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/fbfe4df4-0209-4593-9fe6-dd45f1a1abb1.yaml identifier: fbfe4df4-0209-4593-9fe6-dd45f1a1abb1 uri: /reference/fbfe4df4-0209-4593-9fe6-dd45f1a1abb1 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Costa, Hélia; Graham Floater; Hans Hooyberghs; Stijn Verbeke; De Ridder, Koen' Institution: Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy and Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment Pages: 15 Place Published: 'London, UK' Report Number: Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy Working Paper No. 278 and Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment Working Paper No. 248 Title: 'Climate change, heat stress and labour productivity: A cost methodology for city economies' URL: http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/publication/climate-change-heat-stress-and-labour-productivity-a-cost-methodology-for-city-economies/ Year: 2016 _record_number: 25631 _uuid: fcf17106-90c2-445b-8029-624f53f70f3f reftype: Report child_publication: /report/climate-change-heat-stress-labour-productivity-cost-methodology-city-economies href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/fcf17106-90c2-445b-8029-624f53f70f3f.yaml identifier: fcf17106-90c2-445b-8029-624f53f70f3f uri: /reference/fcf17106-90c2-445b-8029-624f53f70f3f - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Adger, W.N.\rDessai, S.\rGoulden, M.\rHulme, M.\rLorenzoni, I.\rNelson, D.R.\rNaess, L.O.\rWolf, J.\rWreford, A." DOI: 10.1007/s10584-008-9520-z ISSN: 0165-0009 Issue: 3-4 Journal: Climatic Change Pages: 335-354 Title: Are there social limits to adaptation to climate change? Volume: 93 Year: 2009 _chapter: '["Ch. 28: Adaptation FINAL"]' _record_number: 106 _uuid: fe4e06c1-b8d0-44fc-8892-44c20b60ab6a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-008-9520-z href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/fe4e06c1-b8d0-44fc-8892-44c20b60ab6a.yaml identifier: fe4e06c1-b8d0-44fc-8892-44c20b60ab6a uri: /reference/fe4e06c1-b8d0-44fc-8892-44c20b60ab6a - attrs: .reference_type: 9 Author: 'Elmqvist, Thomas; Fragkias, Michail; Goodness, Julie; Güneralp, Burak; Marcotullio, Peter J.; McDonald, Robert I.; Parnell, Susan; Schewenius, Maria; Sendstad, Marte; Seto, Karen C.; Wilkinson, Cathy' DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7088-1 ISBN: 978-94-007-7088-1 Keywords: added by ERG Publisher: Springer Netherlands Title: 'Urbanization, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Challenges and Opportunities, A Global Assessment' Year: 2013 _record_number: 23158 _uuid: ff1fea07-c899-4e5f-aff2-76510d06c57b reftype: Book child_publication: /book/urbanization-biodiversity-ecosystem-services-challenges-opportunities-global-assessment href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ff1fea07-c899-4e5f-aff2-76510d06c57b.yaml identifier: ff1fea07-c899-4e5f-aff2-76510d06c57b uri: /reference/ff1fea07-c899-4e5f-aff2-76510d06c57b