---
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'CBO,'
    Institution: Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
    Keywords: added by ERG
    Pages: 33
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Title: 'Potential Increases in Hurricane Damage in the United States: Implications for the Federal Budget'
    URL: https://www.cbo.gov/publication/51518
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 23081
    _uuid: af014201-1af2-4f68-b959-ce78ce90adc6
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/potential-increases-hurricane-damage-united-states-implications-federal-budget
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/af014201-1af2-4f68-b959-ce78ce90adc6.yaml
  identifier: af014201-1af2-4f68-b959-ce78ce90adc6
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Field, C.B., V.R. Barros, K.J. Mach, M.D. Mastrandrea, M. van Aalst, W.N. Adger, D.J. Arent, J. Barnett, R. Betts, T.E. Bilir, J. Birkmann, J. Carmin, D.D. Chadee, A.J. Challinor, M. Chatterjee, W. Cramer, D.J. Davidson, Y.O. Estrada, J.-P. Gattuso, Y. Hijioka, O. Hoegh-Guldberg, H.Q. Huang, G.E. Insarov, R.N. Jones, R.S. Kovats, P. Romero-Lankao, J.N. Larsen, I.J. Losada, J.A. Marengo, R.F. McLean, L.O. Mearns, R. Mechler, J.F. Morton, I. Niang, T. Oki, J.M. Olwoch, M. Opondo, E.S. Poloczanska, H.-O. Pörtner, M.H. Redsteer, A. Reisinger, A. Revi, D.N. Schmidt, M.R. Shaw, W. Solecki, D.A. Stone, J.M.R. Stone, K.M. Strzepek, A.G. Suarez, P. Tschakert, R. Valentini, S. Vicuña, A. Villamizar, K.E. Vincent, R. Warren, L.L. White, T.J. Wilbanks, P.P. Wong, and G.W. Yohe'
    Institution: Cambridge University Press
    Keywords: added by ERG
    Pages: 35-94
    Place Published: 'Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA'
    Series Title: 'Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.'
    Title: Technical Summary
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 23123
    _uuid: afbe359c-8f8d-4bff-a7ad-a8964262de37
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/ipcc-ar5-wg2-parta/chapter/wg2-ar5-ts-final
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  uri: /reference/afbe359c-8f8d-4bff-a7ad-a8964262de37
- attrs:
    Author: 'Jabareen, Yosef'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2012.05.004
    Date: 2013/04/01/
    ISSN: 0264-2751
    Journal: Cities
    Keywords: Urban resilience; Climate change; Environmental risks; Planning
    Pages: 220-229
    Title: 'Planning the resilient city: Concepts and strategies for coping with climate change and environmental risk'
    Volume: 31
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 23078
    _uuid: b093b04e-26ca-4957-9fad-165e46d763bb
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.cities.2012.05.004
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b093b04e-26ca-4957-9fad-165e46d763bb.yaml
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  uri: /reference/b093b04e-26ca-4957-9fad-165e46d763bb
- attrs:
    Abstract: "Debates about climate justice have mainly occurred at the international scale, and have focussed on the rights and responsibilities of nation-states to either be protected from the effects of climate change, or to take action to reduce emissions or support adaptation. In this paper, we argue that it is both productive and necessary to examine how climate justice is being pursued at the urban scale, which brings into focus the need for attention to issues of recognition as well as rights and responsibilities. Building on work from environmental justice, which has conceptualized justice as trivalent, we propose that climate justice can be understood as a pyramid, the faces of which are distributions, procedures, rights, responsibilities and recognition. We then apply this conceptual framework to examine climate change interventions in five cities; Bangalore, Monterrey, Hong Kong, Philadelphia and Berlin. Arguing that the politics and practices of urban climate change interventions are constantly engaging with and refracting\rthe idea of justice, we examine how justice was articulated, practiced and contested across our cases. The\rperspective of recognition emerges as a particularly useful entry point through which to explore the types of rights, responsibilities, distributions and procedures required to respond justly to climate change. We conclude by reflecting on our framework, arguing that it is useful both as an analytical device to interrogate climate justice and to shape the design of climate change interventions which seek to\rensure climate justice."
    Author: 'Bulkeley, H.; Edwards, G. A. S.; Fuller, S.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.01.009
    ISSN: 0959-3780
    Journal: Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions
    Keywords: Urban; climate change; climate justice
    Pages: 31-40
    Title: 'Contesting climate justice in the city: Examining politics and practice in urban climate change experiments'
    Volume: 25
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 22708
    _uuid: b0940013-e54e-4650-9d2b-cd786be84695
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.01.009
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  uri: /reference/b0940013-e54e-4650-9d2b-cd786be84695
- attrs:
    Author: 'Kettle, Nathan P.; Dow, Kirstin; Tuler, Seth; Webler, Thomas; Whitehead, Jessica; Miller, Karly M.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2014.07.001
    Date: 2014/01/01/
    ISSN: 2212-0963
    Journal: Climate Risk Management
    Keywords: Barrier island; South Carolina; Climate adaptation; Mediated modeling; Risk management
    Pages: 17-31
    Title: Integrating scientific and local knowledge to inform risk-based management approaches for climate adaptation
    Volume: 4-5
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 23046
    _uuid: b0952748-e532-4d7c-ace8-66786863734d
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.crm.2014.07.001
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  uri: /reference/b0952748-e532-4d7c-ace8-66786863734d
- attrs:
    Author: 'Nowak, David J.; Appleton, Nathaniel; Ellis, Alexis; Greenfield, Eric'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2016.12.004
    Date: 2017/01/01/
    ISSN: 1618-8667
    Journal: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
    Keywords: Air quality; Ecosystem services; Energy use; Pollutant emissions; Urban forestry
    Pages: 158-165
    Title: Residential building energy conservation and avoided power plant emissions by urban and community trees in the United States
    Volume: 21
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 23185
    _uuid: b17b3711-69f8-4b4e-853b-9264efb971f1
    reftype: Journal Article
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  uri: /reference/b17b3711-69f8-4b4e-853b-9264efb971f1
- attrs:
    Author: 'Little, Richard G.'
    DOI: 10.1080/106307302317379855
    Date: 2002/04/01
    ISSN: 1063-0732
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Journal of Urban Technology
    Pages: 109-123
    Publisher: Routledge
    Title: 'Controlling cascading failure: Understanding the vulnerabilities of interconnected infrastructures'
    Volume: 9
    Year: 2002
    _record_number: 22968
    _uuid: b23b93d7-4d5a-4eca-907b-84c2e15011d0
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1080/106307302317379855
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  uri: /reference/b23b93d7-4d5a-4eca-907b-84c2e15011d0
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 63
    Author: 'APA Council of Representatives,'
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
    Title: Resolution on Affirming Psychologists’ Role in Addressing Global Climate Change
    URL: http://www.apa.org/about/policy/climate-change.aspx
    Year: n.d.
    _record_number: 23206
    _uuid: b3ef4094-72e2-4842-bb86-d37656e0d19b
    reftype: Press Release
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  uri: /reference/b3ef4094-72e2-4842-bb86-d37656e0d19b
- attrs:
    Author: 'Lombardo, Franklin T. ; Bilal M. Ayyub'
    DOI: 10.1061/AJRUA6.0000812
    Issue: 1
    Journal: 'ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering'
    Pages: 04014005
    Title: 'Analysis of Washington, DC, wind and temperature extremes with examination of climate change for engineering applications'
    Volume: 1
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 25618
    _uuid: b49c3947-e410-4d72-a70b-3f17188d8a93
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1061/AJRUA6.0000812
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- attrs:
    Author: 'Jennings, Viniece; Johnson Gaither, Cassandra'
    DOI: 10.5558/tfc2015-067
    Issue: 04
    Journal: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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    Title: 'Approaching environmental health disparities and green spaces: An ecosystem services perspective'
    Volume: 91
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 22906
    _uuid: b4bad932-3201-4c5e-b52f-22556f558f85
    reftype: Journal Article
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    .reference_type: 7
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    Book Title: 'Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change'
    Editor: 'Field, C. B.; Barros, V. R.; Dokken, D. J.; Mach, K. J.; Mastrandrea, M. D.; Bilir, T. E.; Chatterjee, M.; Ebi, K. L.; Estrada, Y. O.; Genova, R. C.; Girma, B.; Kissel, E. S.; Levy, A. N.; MacCracken, S.; Mastrandrea, P. R.; White, L. L.'
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    Publisher: Cambridge University Press
    Short Title: Urban areas
    Title: Urban areas
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 17700
    _uuid: b75bf8c7-f76f-4fd9-98d4-fd8fa08341f2
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  child_publication: /report/ipcc-ar5-wg2-parta/chapter/wg2-ar5-chap8-final
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- attrs:
    Author: 'Reyna, Janet L.; Chester, Mikhail V.'
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14916
    Date: 05/15/online
    Journal: Nature Communications
    Pages: 14916
    Publisher: The Author(s)
    Title: Energy efficiency to reduce residential electricity and natural gas use under climate change
    Type of Article: Article
    Volume: 8
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 26090
    _uuid: b8cc48d4-1408-4183-8a3c-4df8a0629f7e
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1038/ncomms14916
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- attrs:
    Author: 'McCormick, Kes; Anderberg, Stefan; Coenen, Lars; Neij, Lena'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.01.003
    Date: 2013/07/01/
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    Journal: Journal of Cleaner Production
    Keywords: Sustainable urban transformation; Sustainable urban development; Climate change; Sustainable development; Governance; Planning; Transformative change
    Pages: 1-11
    Title: Advancing sustainable urban transformation
    Volume: 50
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 22896
    _uuid: ba5cb012-f7fc-420f-924c-be2c0276aa86
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.01.003
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- attrs:
    Author: "Groffman, Peter M.; Cavender-Bares, Jeannine; Bettez, Neil D.; Grove, J. Morgan; Hall, Sharon J.; Heffernan, James B.; Hobbie, Sarah E.; Larson, Kelli L.; Morse, Jennifer L.; Neill, Christopher; Nelson, Kristen; O'Neil-Dunne, Jarlath; Ogden, Laura; Pataki, Diane E.; Polsky, Colin; Chowdhury, Rinku Roy; Steele, Meredith K."
    DOI: 10.1890/120374
    ISSN: 1540-9309
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
    Pages: 74-81
    Publisher: Ecological Society of America
    Title: Ecological homogenization of urban USA
    Volume: 12
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 22988
    _uuid: bc3ad363-5a7c-4b6a-9ab9-c8f3477f416c
    reftype: Journal Article
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Stratus Consulting and Denver Water,'
    Institution: Stratus Consulting
    Pages: various
    Place Published: 'Boulder, CO'
    Title: 'Embracing uncertainty: A case study examination of how climate change is shifting water utility planning. Prepared for the Water Utility Climate Alliance (WUCA), the American Water Works Association (AWWA), the Water Research Foundation (WRF), and the Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies (AMWA) by Stratus Consulting Inc., Boulder, CO (Karen Raucher and Robert Raucher) and Denver Water, Denver, CO (Laurna Kaatz)'
    URL: https://www.wucaonline.org/assets/pdf/pubs-uncertainty.pdf
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 25408
    _uuid: bc596c87-23de-4edf-9351-ff2fe74ba4c7
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/embracing-uncertainty-case-study-examination-how-climate-change-is-shifting-water-utility-planning-prepared-water-utility-climate-alliance-wuca-american-water-works-association-awwa-water-research-foundation-wrf-association-metropolitan-water-agencies-amwa-by-stratus-consulting-inc-boulder-co-karen-raucher-robert-raucher-denver-water-denver-co-laurna-kaatz
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 7
    Author: 'Knopman, Debra; Lempert, Robert J.'
    Book Title: 'Urban Responses to Climate Change: Framework for Decisionmaking and Supporting Indicators'
    DOI: 10.7249/RR1144
    ISBN: 978-0-8330-9659-3
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    Series Volume: RR-1144-MCF
    Title: Risk governance framework for decisionmaking
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    _record_number: 25640
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    .reference_type: 47
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    Publisher: Saskatchewan Research Council
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    Author: 'Herring, Stephanie C.; Nikolaos Christidis; Andrew Hoell; James P. Kossin; Schreck, Carl J., III; Peter A. Stott'
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    Title: Explaining extreme events of 2016 from a climate perspective
    Volume: 99
    Year: 2018
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    _uuid: be27300b-42b4-446b-97bf-5350bf4ed8dc
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    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Investor Group on Climate Change,'
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    Title: 'Transparency in Transition: A Guide to Investor Disclosure on Climate Change'
    URL: https://igcc.org.au/transparency-transition-guide-investor-disclosure-climate-change/
    Year: 2017
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Hutley, Noel; Hartford-Davis, Sebastian'
    Institution: The Centre for Policy Development and the Future Business Council
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    Year: 2016
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    _uuid: bedceb42-b38a-453d-bd27-68b4f344cc49
    reftype: Report
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Eddins, Quinn W.'
    Date: 'October 22, 2015'
    Institution: CBRE Research
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    Title: 'Also modified title: Rising Vulnerability to Floods Risks Devastating Property Losses in U.S. Cities'
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    _uuid: bf972224-c8ca-4c0b-82f0-ebb735ba04ce
    reftype: Report
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    .reference_type: 10
    Author: "Mayors' Climate Protection Center,"
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    Title: "U.S. Mayors' Report on a Decade of Global Climate Leadership: Selected Mayor Profiles"
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    Year: 2015
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    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/us-mayors-report-on-decade-global-climate-leadership-selected-mayor-profiles
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- attrs:
    Author: 'Caldecott, Ben; Kruitwagen, Lucas'
    Last Update Date: 3 October
    Publisher: Standard & Poor's
    Title of Entry: 'Guest Opinion: How Asset Level Data Can Improve the Assessment of Environmental Risk In Credit Analysis'
    Title of WebLog: S&P Global Credit Portal
    URL: https://www.globalcreditportal.com/ratingsdirect/renderArticle.do?articleId=1728982&SctArtId=402968&from=CM&nsl_code=LIME&sourceObjectId=9796605&sourceRevId=1&fee_ind=N&exp_date=20261003-21:55:05
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 25606
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    reftype: Blog
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- attrs:
    Abstract: 'Urban areas are hot spots that drive environmental change at multiple scales. Material demands of production and human consumption alter land use and cover, biodiversity, and hydrosystems locally to regionally, and urban waste discharge affects local to global biogeochemical cycles and climate. For urbanites, however, global environmental changes are swamped by dramatic changes in the local environment. Urban ecology integrates natural and social sciences to study these radically altered local environments and their regional and global effects. Cities themselves present both the problems and solutions to sustainability challenges of an increasingly urbanized world.%U ; http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/319/5864/756.full.pdf'
    Author: 'Grimm, Nancy B.; Faeth, Stanley H.; Golubiewski, Nancy E.; Redman, Charles L.; Wu, Jianguo; Bai, Xuemei; Briggs, John M.'
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1150195
    Issue: 5864
    Journal: Science
    Pages: 756-760
    Title: Global change and the ecology of cities
    Volume: 319
    Year: 2008
    _record_number: 23193
    _uuid: c3c85c47-d379-40bd-94a6-c71c018bc4fd
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.1150195
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