--- - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Department of the Interior Strategic Sciences Group,' Institution: 'U.S. Department of the Interior, Strategic Sciences Group' Pages: 75 Place Published: RestonVA Title: Operational Group Sandy Technical Progress Report URL: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/hurricanes/sandy/sandy_tech_122413.pdf Year: 2013 _record_number: 23198 _uuid: 73fa64e2-d10c-4e58-a237-6637fbcee870 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/operational-group-sandy-technical-progress-report href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/73fa64e2-d10c-4e58-a237-6637fbcee870.yaml identifier: 73fa64e2-d10c-4e58-a237-6637fbcee870 uri: /reference/73fa64e2-d10c-4e58-a237-6637fbcee870 - attrs: Author: 'Ernst, Kathleen M.; Preston, Benjamin L.' DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2017.01.001 Date: 4// ISSN: 1462-9011 Journal: Environmental Science & Policy Keywords: Climate change; Energy; Water; Adaptation; Decision-making; Scale Pages: 38-45 Title: 'Adaptation opportunities and constraints in coupled systems: Evidence from the U.S. energy-water nexus' Volume: 70 Year: 2017 _record_number: 21444 _uuid: 747e6b30-6afc-4520-af4b-660389e167ba reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.envsci.2017.01.001 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/747e6b30-6afc-4520-af4b-660389e167ba.yaml identifier: 747e6b30-6afc-4520-af4b-660389e167ba uri: /reference/747e6b30-6afc-4520-af4b-660389e167ba - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Watson, A., A. Gaspard, and A. Lebreton' Institution: United Nations Environment Programme Keywords: urban; climate change; Vulnerability; health; cultural Pages: 20 Place Published: 'Nairobi, Kenya' Report Number: FNH-IUFN-UNEP Policy Perspectives Paper Series Title: Policy Perspectives Paper Title: 'Food, Climate Change, and the City' URL: http://www.iufn.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/CCUF_Policy-Perspectives-Paper_VERSION_GB-2.pdf Year: 2016 _record_number: 22863 _uuid: 74b22e64-6fce-418b-9f5a-aac88b4c1ba8 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/food-climate-change-city href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/74b22e64-6fce-418b-9f5a-aac88b4c1ba8.yaml identifier: 74b22e64-6fce-418b-9f5a-aac88b4c1ba8 uri: /reference/74b22e64-6fce-418b-9f5a-aac88b4c1ba8 - attrs: Abstract: 'An analysis of the interdependencies of the impacts of climate change and adaptation strategies upon infrastructure systems in the Metro Boston urban area in the northeastern USA found that taking anticipatory actions well before 2050 results in less total adaptation and impact costs to the region than taking no actions. Because of the interrelations among infrastructure systems, it is critical to take account of the impacts that adaptation actions have on each other and other systems. For the most part these cross-system effects are complementary in nature. But there are important exceptions, so an integrated approach to adaptation policy formulation is needed. Furthermore, adaptation efforts must be designed so as not to confound mitigation efforts.' Author: 'Kirshen, Paul; Ruth, Matthias; Anderson, William' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-007-9252-5 Date: January 01 ISSN: 1573-1480 Issue: 1 Journal: Climatic Change Pages: 105-122 Title: 'Interdependencies of urban climate change impacts and adaptation strategies: A case study of Metropolitan Boston USA' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 86 Year: 2008 _record_number: 23047 _uuid: 74e44a26-a981-470b-8be2-b80513eac075 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-007-9252-5 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/74e44a26-a981-470b-8be2-b80513eac075.yaml identifier: 74e44a26-a981-470b-8be2-b80513eac075 uri: /reference/74e44a26-a981-470b-8be2-b80513eac075 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: USGCRP DOI: 10.7930/J0J964J6 Pages: 470 Place Published: 'Washington, DC, USA' Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program Secondary Author: 'Wuebbles, D.J.; D.W. Fahey; K.A. Hibbard; D.J. Dokken; B.C. Stewart; T.K. Maycock' Title: 'Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I' Year: 2017 _record_number: 21557 _uuid: 75cf1c0b-cc62-4ca4-96a7-082afdfe2ab1 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/climate-science-special-report href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/75cf1c0b-cc62-4ca4-96a7-082afdfe2ab1.yaml identifier: 75cf1c0b-cc62-4ca4-96a7-082afdfe2ab1 uri: /reference/75cf1c0b-cc62-4ca4-96a7-082afdfe2ab1 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Kotamarthi, R.; L. Mearns; K. Hayhoe; C. Castro; D. Wuebbles' DOI: '10.13140/RG.2.1.1986.0085 ' Pages: 55 Publisher: 'U.S. Department of Defense, Strategic Environment Research and Development Program Report' Title: Use of Climate Information for Decision-Making and Impact Research URL: https://www.serdp-estcp.org/content/download/38568/364489/version/1/file/Use+of+Climate+Information+for+Decision-Making+Technical+Report.pdf Year: 2016 _record_number: 20591 _uuid: 76fb2a82-f93e-4db9-bed3-cb864bd9c751 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/use-climate-information-decision-making-impact-research href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/76fb2a82-f93e-4db9-bed3-cb864bd9c751.yaml identifier: 76fb2a82-f93e-4db9-bed3-cb864bd9c751 uri: /reference/76fb2a82-f93e-4db9-bed3-cb864bd9c751 - attrs: Author: 'Staebler, Patricia' ISSN: 0003-7087 Journal: The Appraisal Journal Pages: 261-273 Title: The 50% FEMA rule appraisal URL: http://www.myappraisalinstitute.org/webpac/pdf/TAJ2017/FEMA_Appraisal.pdf Volume: Fall Year: 2017 _record_number: 25654 _uuid: 7756a11b-e18a-4d16-948e-b381b0cd24fc reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/50-fema-rule-appraisal href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7756a11b-e18a-4d16-948e-b381b0cd24fc.yaml identifier: 7756a11b-e18a-4d16-948e-b381b0cd24fc uri: /reference/7756a11b-e18a-4d16-948e-b381b0cd24fc - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'IBM,' Keywords: added by ERG Publisher: IBM Title: 'Smarter Cities Challenge: The Challenge' URL: https://www.smartercitieschallenge.org/about Year: 2017 _record_number: 23106 _uuid: 79161ff1-6099-4c09-a5a6-e0a5a8b0c441 reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/1e75f186-1921-45ba-918d-09ce6014c09d href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/79161ff1-6099-4c09-a5a6-e0a5a8b0c441.yaml identifier: 79161ff1-6099-4c09-a5a6-e0a5a8b0c441 uri: /reference/79161ff1-6099-4c09-a5a6-e0a5a8b0c441 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'UNDP,' Institution: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Pages: 126 Place Published: 'New York, NY' Title: 'Paving the Way for Climate-Resilient Infrastructure: Guidance for Practitioners and Planners' URL: https://www.uncclearn.org/sites/default/files/inventory/undp_paving_the_way.pdf Year: 2011 _record_number: 23181 _uuid: 7be3e21c-fdd2-47ee-bc70-d8458792c662 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/paving-way-climate-resilient-infrastructure-guidance-practitioners-planners href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7be3e21c-fdd2-47ee-bc70-d8458792c662.yaml identifier: 7be3e21c-fdd2-47ee-bc70-d8458792c662 uri: /reference/7be3e21c-fdd2-47ee-bc70-d8458792c662 - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: 'Szlavecz, K ; Warren, P.S.; Pickett, S.T.A.' Book Title: 'The Human Population: Its Influence on Biological Diversity' Editor: 'Cincotta, R.P.; Gorenflo, L.J.' Keywords: urban; urban ecosystem; ecosystem services Pages: 75-98 Place Published: Berlin Publisher: Springer-Verlag Title: Biodiversity in the urban landscape Year: 2011 _record_number: 22854 _uuid: 7c940ebf-7e86-4421-b752-44af87504e32 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /book/f70a6223-4cf9-4eea-9db4-1a2fce7fef49 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7c940ebf-7e86-4421-b752-44af87504e32.yaml identifier: 7c940ebf-7e86-4421-b752-44af87504e32 uri: /reference/7c940ebf-7e86-4421-b752-44af87504e32 - attrs: .reference_type: 63 Author: 'ALA,' Pages: 2 Place Published: 'Chicago, IL' Publisher: American Library Association (ALA) Title: Resolution on the Importance of Sustainable Libraries URL: http://www.ala.org/aboutala/sites/ala.org.aboutala/files/content/governance/council/council_documents/2015_annual_council_documents/cd_36_substainable_libraries_resol_final.pdf Year: 2015 _record_number: 23205 _uuid: 7d48a881-5644-4b8f-977e-be1a59f45da3 reftype: Press Release child_publication: /generic/b4dafd6d-da09-413d-8ef5-9cce56fd197f href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7d48a881-5644-4b8f-977e-be1a59f45da3.yaml identifier: 7d48a881-5644-4b8f-977e-be1a59f45da3 uri: /reference/7d48a881-5644-4b8f-977e-be1a59f45da3 - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: 'Solecki, W.; Rosenzweig, C.; Gornitz, V.; Horton, R.; Major, D.C.; Partrick, L.; Zimmerman, R.' Book Title: 'Climate Change and the Coast: Building Resilient Communities' Keywords: added by ERG Pages: 125-146 Place Published: 'Boca Raton, FL' Publisher: CRC Press Title: Climate change and infrastructure adaptation in coastal New York City Year: 2014 _record_number: 22943 _uuid: 7ebead0e-59ca-4a4f-bb1c-3ae942bb4337 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /book/c0ed0f3f-b112-4af2-a938-013dc2f971a9 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7ebead0e-59ca-4a4f-bb1c-3ae942bb4337.yaml identifier: 7ebead0e-59ca-4a4f-bb1c-3ae942bb4337 uri: /reference/7ebead0e-59ca-4a4f-bb1c-3ae942bb4337 - attrs: Abstract: Wildfire is a particular concern in the wildland–urban interface (WUI) of the western United States where human development occurs close to flammable natural vegetation. Author: 'Liu, Zhihua; Wimberly, Michael C.; Lamsal, Aashis; Sohl, Terry L.; Hawbaker, Todd J.' DOI: 10.1007/s10980-015-0222-4 Date: December 01 ISSN: 1572-9761 Issue: 10 Journal: Landscape Ecology Pages: 1943-1957 Title: 'Climate change and wildfire risk in an expanding wildland–urban interface: A case study from the Colorado Front Range Corridor' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 30 Year: 2015 _record_number: 21979 _uuid: 7ef4f167-6123-4660-8d23-e50f7fa99dbc reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10980-015-0222-4 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7ef4f167-6123-4660-8d23-e50f7fa99dbc.yaml identifier: 7ef4f167-6123-4660-8d23-e50f7fa99dbc uri: /reference/7ef4f167-6123-4660-8d23-e50f7fa99dbc - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'APEGBC,' Institution: ' Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of British Columbia' Pages: 100 Place Published: 'Burnaby, BC' Series Volume: APEGBC Professional Practice Guidelines V1.0 Title: Developing Climate Change–Resilient Designs for Highway Infrastructure in British Columbia URL: https://www.egbc.ca/getmedia/1ac17fe9-8eaf-41d3-b095-afac3953b8f3/2017_MoTI-guidelines-06F-web_1.pdf.aspx Year: 2016 _record_number: 25651 _uuid: 7f0255b0-3bc3-4f2d-9f02-c3fdf4946df3 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/developing-climate-changeresilient-designs-highway-infrastructure-british-columbia href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7f0255b0-3bc3-4f2d-9f02-c3fdf4946df3.yaml identifier: 7f0255b0-3bc3-4f2d-9f02-c3fdf4946df3 uri: /reference/7f0255b0-3bc3-4f2d-9f02-c3fdf4946df3 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'City of Boston,' Institution: 'Boston Planning and Development Agency ' Pages: 14 Place Published: 'Boston, MA' Title: Climate resiliency guidance and checklist URL: http://www.bostonplans.org/getattachment/5d668310-ffd1-4104-98fa-eef30424a9b3 Year: 2017 _record_number: 26087 _uuid: 827d5173-1ca5-4fa3-beae-1b407eb7a3bd reftype: Report child_publication: /report/climate-resiliency-guidance-checklist href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/827d5173-1ca5-4fa3-beae-1b407eb7a3bd.yaml identifier: 827d5173-1ca5-4fa3-beae-1b407eb7a3bd uri: /reference/827d5173-1ca5-4fa3-beae-1b407eb7a3bd - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Rockman, Marcy; Morgan, Marissa; Ziaja, Sonya; Hambrecht, George; Meadow, Alison' Institution: 'Cultural Resources, Partnerships, and Science and Climate Change Response Program, National Park Service' Keywords: Climate change; Cultural Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Title: Cultural Resources Climate Change Strategy URL: https://www.nps.gov/subjects/climatechange/upload/NPS-2016_Cultural-Resoures-Climate-Change-Strategy.pdf Year: 2016 _record_number: 22827 _uuid: 83f70578-19a7-4a1c-a2af-92f1c28f5740 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/cultural-resources-climate-change-strategy href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/83f70578-19a7-4a1c-a2af-92f1c28f5740.yaml identifier: 83f70578-19a7-4a1c-a2af-92f1c28f5740 uri: /reference/83f70578-19a7-4a1c-a2af-92f1c28f5740 - attrs: Author: 'Nowak, David J.; Hirabayashi, Satoshi; Bodine, Allison; Greenfield, Eric' DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.05.028 Date: 2014/10/01/ ISSN: 0269-7491 Journal: Environmental Pollution Keywords: Air pollution removal; Air quality; Ecosystem services; Human mortality; Urban forests Pages: 119-129 Title: Tree and forest effects on air quality and human health in the United States Volume: 193 Year: 2014 _record_number: 23186 _uuid: 851f8d77-bb6b-439a-b252-441831cebda2 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.05.028 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/851f8d77-bb6b-439a-b252-441831cebda2.yaml identifier: 851f8d77-bb6b-439a-b252-441831cebda2 uri: /reference/851f8d77-bb6b-439a-b252-441831cebda2 - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Abstract: 'Climate change presents one of the greatest challenges to society today. Effects on nature and people are first experienced in cities as cities form microcosms with extreme temperature gradients, and by now, about half of the human population globally lives in urban areas. Climate change has significant impact on ecosystem functioning and well-being of people. Climatic stress leads to a decrease in the distribution of typical native species and influences society through health-related effects and socio-economic impacts by increased numbers of heat waves, droughts and flooding events. In addition to climate change, urbanisation and the accompanying increases in the number and size of cities are impacting ecosystems with a number of interlinked pressures. These pressures include loss and degradation of natural areas, soil sealing and the densification of built-up areas, which pose additional significant challenges to ecosystem functionality, the provision of ecosystem services and human well-being in cities around the world. However, nature-based solutions have the potential to counteract these pressures. Nature-based solutions (NBS) can foster and simplify implementation actions in urban landscapes by taking into account the services provided by nature. They include provision of urban green such as parks and street trees that may ameliorate high temperature in cities or regulate air and water flows or the allocation of natural habitat space in floodplains that may buffer impacts of flood events. Architectural solutions for buildings, such as green roofs and wall installations, may reduce temperature and save energy. This book brings together experts from science, policy and practice to provide an overview of our current state of knowledge on the effectiveness and implementation of nature-based solutions and their potential to the provision of ecosystem services, for climate change adaptation and co-benefits in urban areas. Scientific evidence to climate change adaptation is presented, and a further focus is on the potential of nature-based approaches to accelerate urban sustainability transitions and create additional, multiple health and social benefits. The book discusses socio-economic implications in relation to socio-economic equity, fairness and justice considerations when implementing NBS.' Author: 'Kabisch, Nadja; Korn, Horst; Stadler, Jutta; Bonn, Aletta' Book Title: 'Nature-based solutions to climate change adaptation in urban areas: Linkages between science, policy and practice' DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56091-5_1 Editor: 'Kabisch, Nadja; Korn, Horst; Stadler, Jutta; Bonn, Aletta' ISBN: 978-3-319-56091-5 Pages: 1-11 Place Published: Cham Publisher: Springer International Publishing Title: 'Nature-based solutions to climate change adaptation in urban areas--Linkages between science, policy and practice' Year: 2017 _record_number: 25321 _uuid: 85c390fe-4d9b-4713-95d1-2e6b83c01478 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /book/e6abe56a-df86-41b3-afd8-3115e22f104a href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/85c390fe-4d9b-4713-95d1-2e6b83c01478.yaml identifier: 85c390fe-4d9b-4713-95d1-2e6b83c01478 uri: /reference/85c390fe-4d9b-4713-95d1-2e6b83c01478 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'World Federation of Engineering Organizations (WFEO) Committee on Engineering and the Environment,' Keywords: added by ERG Place Published: 'Paris, France' Title: 'Model Code of Practice: Principles of Climate Change Adaptation for Engineers' Year: 2015 _record_number: 23062 _uuid: 85f965f8-49ad-4baa-a255-94481ce3a9ce reftype: Report child_publication: /report/model-code-practice-principles-climate-change-adaptation-engineers href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/85f965f8-49ad-4baa-a255-94481ce3a9ce.yaml identifier: 85f965f8-49ad-4baa-a255-94481ce3a9ce uri: /reference/85f965f8-49ad-4baa-a255-94481ce3a9ce - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'American Institute of Architects,; National Institute of Building Sciences,' Keywords: added by ERG Pages: 24 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Title: 'Industry Statement on Resilience: Preparing to Thrive: The Building Industry Statement on Resilience' URL: http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.nibs.org/resource/resmgr/Docs/WHRS_SignatoryReport_final.pdf Year: 2015 _record_number: 23042 _uuid: 86d0da80-b180-4520-be24-bfc7d7151716 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/industry-statement-on-resilience-preparing-thrive-building-industry-statement-on-resilience href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/86d0da80-b180-4520-be24-bfc7d7151716.yaml identifier: 86d0da80-b180-4520-be24-bfc7d7151716 uri: /reference/86d0da80-b180-4520-be24-bfc7d7151716 - attrs: Abstract: 'Zika and chikungunya viruses are transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, including Ae. albopictus, which is abundant in many temperate cities. While disease risk is lower in temperate regions where viral amplification cannot build across years, there is significant potential for localized disease outbreaks in urban populations. We use a model informed by field data to assess the conditions likely to facilitate local transmission of virus from an infected traveler to Ae. albopictus and then to other humans in USA cities with variable human densities and seasonality. The model demonstrates that up to 50% of infectious travelers returning to the U.S. could initiate local transmission in temperate cities if are infectious and are exposed to high mosquito densities. This work highlights the need for high-resolution spatial data on Ae. albopictus density, biting behavior, and seasonality to better understand, predict and manage arboviral transmission risk in temperate cities.' Author: 'Manore, Carrie A.; Ostfeld, Richard S.; Agusto, Folashade B.; Gaff, Holly; LaDeau, Shannon L.' DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005255 Issue: 1 Journal: PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases Pages: e0005255 Publisher: Public Library of Science Title: Defining the risk of zika and chikungunya virus transmission in human population centers of the eastern United States Volume: 11 Year: 2017 _record_number: 25619 _uuid: 87664884-f938-4d71-82a3-e918a98673e2 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005255 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/87664884-f938-4d71-82a3-e918a98673e2.yaml identifier: 87664884-f938-4d71-82a3-e918a98673e2 uri: /reference/87664884-f938-4d71-82a3-e918a98673e2 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Gomez, J. Alfredo' Institution: Government Accountability Office Keywords: added by ERG Pages: 40 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Series Title: Research Report No. GAO-17-3 Series Volume: GAO-17-3 Title: 'Climate Change: Improved Federal Coordination Could Facilitate Use of Forward-Looking Climate Information in Design Standards, Building Codes, and Certifications' URL: https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-17-3 Year: 2016 _record_number: 22955 _uuid: 87a21f64-2fec-4057-afa4-30bb29e09104 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/climate-change-improved-federal-coordination-could-facilitate-use-forward-looking-climate-information-design-standards-building-codes-certifications href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/87a21f64-2fec-4057-afa4-30bb29e09104.yaml identifier: 87a21f64-2fec-4057-afa4-30bb29e09104 uri: /reference/87a21f64-2fec-4057-afa4-30bb29e09104 - attrs: Abstract: 'While recent research has recognized the importance of considering social vulnerability, the changing patterns of social vulnerability within cities and the climate adaptation challenges these shifts pose have yet to receive much attention. In this article, we evaluate the changing patterns of social vulnerability in three coastal cities (Houston, New Orleans, and Tampa) over a thirty-year time period (1980–2010) and integrate neighborhood change theories with theories of social vulnerability to explain those patterns. Through this analysis, we highlight emerging dimensions of vulnerability that warrant attention in the future adaptation efforts of these cities.' Author: 'Kashem, Shakil Bin; Bev Wilson; Van Zandt, Shannon' DOI: 10.1177/0739456x16645167 Issue: 3 Journal: Journal of Planning Education and Research Keywords: 'social vulnerability,climate change adaptation,land use planning,neighborhood change' Pages: 304-318 Title: 'Planning for climate adaptation: Evaluating the changing patterns of social vulnerability and adaptation challenges in three coastal cities' Volume: 36 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23074 _uuid: 87cfc4e1-f44b-4fb0-ae65-cbeec57ebfac reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1177/0739456x16645167 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/87cfc4e1-f44b-4fb0-ae65-cbeec57ebfac.yaml identifier: 87cfc4e1-f44b-4fb0-ae65-cbeec57ebfac uri: /reference/87cfc4e1-f44b-4fb0-ae65-cbeec57ebfac - attrs: Abstract: "The 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris (COP21) highlighted the importance of cities to climate action, as well as the unjust burdens borne by the world's most disadvantaged peoples in addressing climate impacts. Few studies have documented the barriers to redressing the drivers of social vulnerability as part of urban local climate change adaptation efforts, or evaluated how emerging adaptation plans impact marginalized groups. Here, we present a roadmap to reorient research on the social dimensions of urban climate adaptation around four issues of equity and justice: (1) broadening participation in adaptation planning; (2) expanding adaptation to rapidly growing cities and those with low financial or institutional capacity; (3) adopting a multilevel and multi-scalar approach to adaptation planning; and (4) integrating justice into infrastructure and urban design processes. Responding to these empirical and theoretical research needs is the first step towards identifying pathways to more transformative adaptation policies." Author: 'Shi, L. D.; Chu, E.; Anguelovski, I.; Aylett, A.; Debats, J.; Goh, K.; Schenk, T.; Seto, K. C.; Dodman, D.; Roberts, D.; Roberts, J. T.; VanDeveer, S. D.' DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2841 Date: Feb ISSN: 1758-678X Issue: 2 Journal: Nature Climate Change Keywords: Urban; Adaptation; Climate justice Pages: 131-137 Title: Roadmap towards justice in urban climate adaptation research Volume: 6 Year: 2016 _record_number: 22846 _uuid: 8a4248ca-3d8c-4bdb-a28d-292a149733ba reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/nclimate2841 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8a4248ca-3d8c-4bdb-a28d-292a149733ba.yaml identifier: 8a4248ca-3d8c-4bdb-a28d-292a149733ba uri: /reference/8a4248ca-3d8c-4bdb-a28d-292a149733ba - attrs: Abstract: 'Modeling results incorporating several distinct urban expansion futures for the United States in 2100 show that, in the absence of any adaptive urban design, megapolitan expansion, alone and separate from greenhouse gas-induced forcing, can be expected to raise near-surface temperatures 1-2 degrees C not just at the scale of individual cities but over large regional swaths of the country. This warming is a significant fraction of the 21st century greenhouse gas-induced climate change simulated by global climate models. Using a suite of regional climate simulations, we assessed the efficacy of commonly proposed urban adaptation strategies, such as green, cool roof, and hybrid approaches, to ameliorate the warming. Our results quantify how judicious choices in urban planning and design cannot only counteract the climatological impacts of the urban expansion itself but also, can, in fact, even offset a significant percentage of future greenhouse warming over large scales. Our results also reveal tradeoffs among different adaptation options for some regions, showing the need for geographically appropriate strategies rather than one size fits all solutions.' Author: 'Georgescu, M.; Morefield, P. E.; Bierwagen, B. G.; Weaver, C. P.' DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1322280111 Date: Feb ISSN: 0027-8424 Issue: 8 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Keywords: urban; Adaptation; Projection; climate change Pages: 2909-2914 Title: Urban adaptation can roll back warming of emerging megapolitan regions Volume: 111 Year: 2014 _record_number: 22733 _uuid: 8b1d0928-f216-4d11-8a06-b710ff7f2eae reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1322280111 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8b1d0928-f216-4d11-8a06-b710ff7f2eae.yaml identifier: 8b1d0928-f216-4d11-8a06-b710ff7f2eae uri: /reference/8b1d0928-f216-4d11-8a06-b710ff7f2eae - attrs: Abstract: 'Climate extremes have profound implications for urban infrastructure and human society, but studies of observed changes in climate extremes over the global urban areas are few, even though more than half of the global population now resides in urban areas. Here, using observed station data for 217 urban areas across the globe, we show that these urban areas have experienced significant increases ( p -value <0.05) in the number of heat waves during the period 1973–2012, while the frequency of cold waves has declined. Almost half of the urban areas experienced significant increases in the number of extreme hot days, while almost 2/3 showed significant increases in the frequency of extreme hot nights. Extreme windy days declined substantially during the last four decades with statistically significant declines in about 60% in the urban areas. Significant increases ( p -value <0.05) in the frequency of daily precipitation extremes and in annual maximum precipitation occurred at smaller fractions (17 and 10% respectively) of the total urban areas, with about half as many urban areas showing statistically significant downtrends as uptrends. Changes in temperature and wind extremes, estimated as the result of a 40 year linear trend, differed for urban and non-urban pairs, while changes in indices of extreme precipitation showed no clear differentiation for urban and selected non-urban stations.' Author: 'Mishra, Vimal; Auroop R. Ganguly; Bart Nijssen; Dennis P. Lettenmaier' DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/10/2/024005 ISSN: 1748-9326 Issue: 2 Journal: Environmental Research Letters Pages: 024005 Title: Changes in observed climate extremes in global urban areas Volume: 10 Year: 2015 _record_number: 23176 _uuid: 8be634e3-a62f-44d2-9cde-dd7010cdad04 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1088/1748-9326/10/2/024005 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8be634e3-a62f-44d2-9cde-dd7010cdad04.yaml identifier: 8be634e3-a62f-44d2-9cde-dd7010cdad04 uri: /reference/8be634e3-a62f-44d2-9cde-dd7010cdad04 - attrs: Abstract: 'Heat vulnerability of urban populations is becoming a major issue of concern with climate change, particularly in the cities of the Southwest United States. In this article we discuss the importance of understanding coupled social and technical systems, how they constitute one another, and how they form the conditions and circumstances in which people experience heat. We discuss the particular situation of Los Angeles and Maricopa Counties, their urban form and the electric grid. We show how vulnerable populations are created by virtue of the age and construction of buildings, the morphology of roads and distribution of buildings on the landscape. Further, the regulatory infrastructure of electricity generation and distribution also contributes to creating differential vulnerability. We contribute to a better understanding of the importance of sociotechnical systems. Social infrastructure includes codes, conventions, rules and regulations; technical systems are the hard systems of pipes, wires, buildings, roads, and power plants. These interact to create lock-in that is an obstacle to addressing issues such as urban heat stress in a novel and equitable manner.' Article Number: 842 Author: 'Pincetl, S.; Chester, M.; Eisenman, D.' DOI: 10.3390/su8090842 Date: Sep ISSN: 2071-1050 Issue: 9 Journal: Sustainability Keywords: SW; Vulnerability; Urban; Heat; Infrastructure Notes: 'Pincetl, Stephanie Chester, Mikhail Eisenman, David' Title: 'Urban heat stress vulnerability in the US Southwest: The role of sociotechnical systems' Volume: 8 Year: 2016 _record_number: 22821 _uuid: 8e907a2b-0c10-4d4d-a216-723bc39da41c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3390/su8090842 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8e907a2b-0c10-4d4d-a216-723bc39da41c.yaml identifier: 8e907a2b-0c10-4d4d-a216-723bc39da41c uri: /reference/8e907a2b-0c10-4d4d-a216-723bc39da41c - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE),' Institution: American Society of Civil Engineers Pages: 110 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Title: '2017 Infrastructure Report Card: A Comprehensive Assessment of America’s Infrastructure' URL: https://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/ Year: 2017 _record_number: 25600 _uuid: 9115ee8c-84a2-43a3-96dc-09b6fcacc03f reftype: Report child_publication: /report/2017-infrastructure-report-card-comprehensive-assessment-americas-infrastructure href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9115ee8c-84a2-43a3-96dc-09b6fcacc03f.yaml identifier: 9115ee8c-84a2-43a3-96dc-09b6fcacc03f uri: /reference/9115ee8c-84a2-43a3-96dc-09b6fcacc03f - attrs: Abstract: 'Cities are particularly prone to the effects of climate change. One way for cities to adapt is by enhancing their green infrastructure (GI) to mitigate the impacts of heat waves and flooding. While alternative GI design options exist, there are many unknowns regarding public support for the various options. This study aims to fill this gap by performing a socio-cultural valuation of urban GI for climate adaptation that encompasses multiple dimensions: people’s notion of and concerns about climate impacts, the degree to which people acknowledge the benefits of GI to alleviate such impacts, and people’s preferences for different GI measures, including their willingness to pay (WTP). Data were collected through photo-assisted face-to-face surveys (n = 200) with residents in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and linked to GI GIS data. Respondents had a notion of and concerns about climate impacts, but did not necessarily acknowledge that GI may help tackle these issues. Yet, when residents were informed about the adaptation capacity of different GI measures, their preferences shifted towards the most effective options. There was no information effect, however, on people’s WTP for GI, which was mostly related to income and ethnicity. Our study shows that economic valuation alone would miss nuances that socio-cultural valuation as applied in this paper can reveal. The method revealed preferences for particular adaptation designs, and assists in detecting why policy for climate adaptation may be hampered. Understanding people’s views on climate impacts and adaptation options is crucial for prioritizing effective policy responses in the face of climate change.' Author: 'Derkzen, Marthe L.; van Teeffelen, Astrid J. A.; Verburg, Peter H.' DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.05.027 Date: 1// ISSN: 0169-2046 Journal: Landscape and Urban Planning Keywords: ecosystem services; urban; climate change; Green infrastructure; Adaptation; non-US Pages: 106-130 Title: 'Green infrastructure for urban climate adaptation: How do residents’ views on climate impacts and green infrastructure shape adaptation preferences?' Volume: 157 Year: 2017 _record_number: 22725 _uuid: 917f65f2-6868-4f60-b499-c8560716f5fc reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.05.027 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/917f65f2-6868-4f60-b499-c8560716f5fc.yaml identifier: 917f65f2-6868-4f60-b499-c8560716f5fc uri: /reference/917f65f2-6868-4f60-b499-c8560716f5fc - attrs: Author: 'Chan, Alisha Y.; Hopkins, Kristina G.' DOI: 10.1061/JSWBAY.0000827 Issue: 3 Journal: Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment Keywords: NEW; adaptation; green infrastructure; social vulnerability Pages: 05017002 Title: 'Associations between sociodemographics and green infrastructure placement in Portland, Oregon' Volume: 3 Year: 2017 _record_number: 22716 _uuid: 91fcdcf9-a731-4ab0-9f46-3eb4ac0eb53d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1061/JSWBAY.0000827 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/91fcdcf9-a731-4ab0-9f46-3eb4ac0eb53d.yaml identifier: 91fcdcf9-a731-4ab0-9f46-3eb4ac0eb53d uri: /reference/91fcdcf9-a731-4ab0-9f46-3eb4ac0eb53d - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'City of Chicago,' Pages: 57 Title: 'City of Chicago Climate Action Plan: Our City. Our Future' URL: http://www.chicagoclimateaction.org/filebin/pdf/finalreport/CCAPREPORTFINALv2.pdf Volume: 2008 Year: 2008 _chapter: '["RG 3 Midwest","Ch. 11: Urban Systems FINAL","Ch. 28: Adaptation FINAL"]' _record_number: 242 _uuid: 9282c7de-31fd-4123-96ca-69df571b1cd3 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/citychicago-cap-2008 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9282c7de-31fd-4123-96ca-69df571b1cd3.yaml identifier: 9282c7de-31fd-4123-96ca-69df571b1cd3 uri: /reference/9282c7de-31fd-4123-96ca-69df571b1cd3 - attrs: Abstract: 'Three hundred and fifty municipalities across five continents participated in the Urban Climate Change Governance Survey (UCGS). Conducted at MIT in partnership with ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability, the UCGS provides a first of its kind look at the governance networks that municipalities are creating to address climate change. Drawing from these results, this paper analyses the institutional governance structures that surround local government work on climate change adaptation. Results show an integration of adaptation and mitigation planning, and a mainstreaming of adaptation planning into other long-range and sectoral plans. Seventy-three percent of respondents stated that their local government’s are engaging with both adaptation and mitigation, and 75% are integrating adaptation into long-range or sectoral plans. However, many critical municipal agencies – including those responsible for water, waste water, health, and building codes – remain on the margins of urban adaptation efforts. Internal institutional networks of governance are inextricably linked to efforts to address a problem like adaptation, which does not fit neatly into individual institutional silos. The results of the UCGS show where these networks have so far been made, how they have been created, and which local government actors have yet to be effectively engaged.' Author: 'Aylett, Alexander' DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2015.06.005 Date: 12// ISSN: 2212-0955 Journal: Urban Climate Keywords: Cities; Adaptation; Governance; Local government; Climate change Pages: 4-16 Title: 'Institutionalizing the urban governance of climate change adaptation: Results of an international survey' Volume: '14, Part 1' Year: 2015 _record_number: 22696 _uuid: 92d52175-98b2-40ab-9ca7-4196f3c5e8e0 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.uclim.2015.06.005 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/92d52175-98b2-40ab-9ca7-4196f3c5e8e0.yaml identifier: 92d52175-98b2-40ab-9ca7-4196f3c5e8e0 uri: /reference/92d52175-98b2-40ab-9ca7-4196f3c5e8e0 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'City of Pittsburgh,' Institution: Department of City Planning Pages: 117 Place Published: 'Pittsburgh, PA' Title: 'ONE PGH: Pittsburgh’s Resilience Strategy' URL: http://pittsburghpa.gov/onepgh/documents/pgh_resilience_strategy.pdf Year: 2017 _record_number: 25630 _uuid: 950d41c8-5b08-4435-a208-62385bbe64ef reftype: Report child_publication: /report/one-pgh-pittsburghs-resilience-strategy href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/950d41c8-5b08-4435-a208-62385bbe64ef.yaml identifier: 950d41c8-5b08-4435-a208-62385bbe64ef uri: /reference/950d41c8-5b08-4435-a208-62385bbe64ef - attrs: Abstract: 'We examined landscape exposure to wildfire potential, insects and disease risk, and urban and exurban development for the conterminous US (CONUS). Our analysis relied on spatial data used by federal agencies to evaluate these stressors nationally. We combined stressor data with a climate change exposure metric to identify when temperature is likely to depart from historical conditions and become "unprecedented." We used a neighborhood analysis procedure based on key stressor thresholds within a geographic information system to examine the extent of landscape exposure to our set of individual and coinciding stressors. Our focus is on identifying large contiguous areas of stress exposure which would be of national concern to identify potential locations most vulnerable to resulting ecological and social disruption. The arrival of record-setting temperatures may be both rapid and widespread within the CONUS under RCP8.5. By 2060, 91 % of the CONUS could depart from the climate of the last century. While much of the CONUS may be impacted by at least one of the landscape stressors we examined, multiple coinciding stressors occurred for less than 9 % of the CONUS. The two most prevalent coinciding stressors were (1) wildfire potential combined with insects and disease risk, and (2) climate departure combined with urban and exurban development. Combined exposure to three or more stressors was rare, but we did identify several localized high-population areas that may be vulnerable to future change. Additional assessment and research for these areas may provide early and proactive approaches to mitigating multiple stressor exposure.' Author: 'Kerns, B. K.; Kim, J. B.; Kline, J. D.; Day, M. A.' DOI: 10.1007/s10113-016-0934-2 Date: Oct ISSN: 1436-3798 Issue: 7 Journal: Regional Environmental Change Keywords: Urban; climate change; urbanization; Projection Pages: 2129-2140 Title: US exposure to multiple landscape stressors and climate change Volume: 16 Year: 2016 _record_number: 22764 _uuid: 95598d88-7aeb-43df-9e75-22aaed95747b reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10113-016-0934-2 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/95598d88-7aeb-43df-9e75-22aaed95747b.yaml identifier: 95598d88-7aeb-43df-9e75-22aaed95747b uri: /reference/95598d88-7aeb-43df-9e75-22aaed95747b - attrs: Abstract: "Problem, research strategy, and findings: Cities are increasingly experiencing the effects of climate change and taking steps to adapt to current and future natural hazard risks. Research on these efforts has identified numerous barriers to climate adaptation planning, but has not yet systematically evaluated the relative importance of different constraints for a large number of diverse cities. We draw on responses from 156 U.S. cities that participated in a 2011 global survey on local adaptation planning, 60% of which are planning for climate change. We use logistic regression analysis to assess the significance of 13 indicators measuring political leadership, fiscal and administrative resources, ability to obtain and communicate climate information, and state policies in predicting the status of adaptation planning. In keeping with the literature, we find that greater local elected officials? commitment, higher municipal expenditures per capita, and an awareness that the climate is already changing are associated with cities engaging in adaptation planning. The presence of state policies on climate adaptation is surprisingly not a statistically significant predictor, suggesting that current policies are not yet strong enough to increase local adaptation planning. However, the model's sampling bias toward larger and more environmentally progressive cities may mask the predictive power of state policies and other indicators.Takeaway for practice: State governments have an opportunity to increase local political commitment by integrating requirements for climate-risk evaluations into existing funding streams and investment plans. Regional planning entities also can help overcome the lack of local fiscal capacity and political support by facilitating the exchange of information, pooling and channeling resources, and providing technical assistance to local planners." Author: 'Shi, Linda; Chu, Eric; Debats, Jessica' DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2015.1074526 Date: 2015/07/03 ISSN: 0194-4363 Issue: 3 Journal: Journal of the American Planning Association Keywords: Urban; Adaptation Pages: 191-202 Publisher: Routledge Title: Explaining progress in climate adaptation planning across 156 U.S. municipalities Volume: 81 Year: 2015 _record_number: 22845 _uuid: 95f74b48-a288-42e6-865e-6d39b6463493 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1080/01944363.2015.1074526 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/95f74b48-a288-42e6-865e-6d39b6463493.yaml identifier: 95f74b48-a288-42e6-865e-6d39b6463493 uri: /reference/95f74b48-a288-42e6-865e-6d39b6463493 - attrs: Author: 'Gerrard, Michael B.' ISSN: 1520-331X Issue: 3 Journal: 'GP Solo - American Bar Association' Keywords: added by ERG Pages: 28-31 Title: Preparing clients for climate change URL: https://www.americanbar.org/groups/gpsolo/publications/gp_solo/2016/may-june/preparing_clients_climate_change/ Volume: 33 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23082 _uuid: 964da67b-9191-46aa-9840-1bf3d4f87df8 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/preparing-clients-climate-change href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/964da67b-9191-46aa-9840-1bf3d4f87df8.yaml identifier: 964da67b-9191-46aa-9840-1bf3d4f87df8 uri: /reference/964da67b-9191-46aa-9840-1bf3d4f87df8 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Moser, Susanne C.; Coffee, Joyce; Seville, Aleka' Institution: Kresge Foundation Pages: 105 Place Published: 'Troy, MI' Title: 'Rising to the Challenge, together: A Review and Critical Assessment of the State of the US Climate Adaptation Field' URL: https://kresge.org/content/rising-challenge-together Year: 2017 _record_number: 25646 _uuid: 9681bb6b-eda0-4d8b-8034-e7104987c644 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/rising-challenge-together-review-critical-assessment-state-us-climate-adaptation-field href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9681bb6b-eda0-4d8b-8034-e7104987c644.yaml identifier: 9681bb6b-eda0-4d8b-8034-e7104987c644 uri: /reference/9681bb6b-eda0-4d8b-8034-e7104987c644 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Venkateswaran, Kanmani; Karen MacClune; Sierra Gladfelter; Michael Szönyi' Institution: Zurich Insurance Group Keywords: added by ERG Pages: 45 Place Published: 'Zurich, Switzerland' Series Title: Post event review capability (PERC) report Title: 'Risk nexus: What can be learned from the Columbia and Charleston floods 2015?' URL: https://www.zurich.com/_/media/dbe/corporate/docs/corporate-responsibility/risk-nexus-south-carolina-floods-2015.pdf Year: 2015 _record_number: 23095 _uuid: 96e490f5-dbd3-4be4-963f-e1f42bf30240 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/risk-nexus-what-can-be-learned-columbia-charleston-floods-2015 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/96e490f5-dbd3-4be4-963f-e1f42bf30240.yaml identifier: 96e490f5-dbd3-4be4-963f-e1f42bf30240 uri: /reference/96e490f5-dbd3-4be4-963f-e1f42bf30240 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'U.S. Census Bureau,' Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: U.S. Census Bureau Title: 'Measuring America: Our Changing Landscape [Infographic]' URL: https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/visualizations/2016/comm/acs-rural-urban.pdf Year: 2016 _record_number: 23056 _uuid: 96fca595-cfc0-4364-b138-51bd2cceb1b3 reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/90baa9e3-e783-4ae1-807f-a438d8ab5b21 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/96fca595-cfc0-4364-b138-51bd2cceb1b3.yaml identifier: 96fca595-cfc0-4364-b138-51bd2cceb1b3 uri: /reference/96fca595-cfc0-4364-b138-51bd2cceb1b3 - attrs: Author: 'Evans, Peter C.; Fox-Penner, Peter' ISSN: 2154-0926 Issue: 5 Journal: Solutions Journal Keywords: Imported by ERG Pages: 48-54 Title: Resilient and sustainable infrastructure for urban energy systems URL: https://www.thesolutionsjournal.com/article/resilient-and-sustainable-infrastructure-for-urban-energy-systems/ Volume: 5 Year: 2014 _record_number: 23091 _uuid: 9715fdad-2824-404b-b7bc-57077f1ad28d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/resilient-sustainable-infrastructure-urban-energy-systems href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9715fdad-2824-404b-b7bc-57077f1ad28d.yaml identifier: 9715fdad-2824-404b-b7bc-57077f1ad28d uri: /reference/9715fdad-2824-404b-b7bc-57077f1ad28d - attrs: .reference_type: 32 Author: 'California Assembly,' Section Number: Bill No. 2800 Title: 'Climate Change: Infrastructure Planning' Title Number: AB 2800 URL: http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB2800 Year: 2016 _record_number: 22956 _uuid: 97a6fbbb-6f2c-4074-9261-fa64126776c4 reftype: Legal Rule or Regulation child_publication: /generic/af0a4dfc-1424-423e-a3cc-75f4c5a75cae href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/97a6fbbb-6f2c-4074-9261-fa64126776c4.yaml identifier: 97a6fbbb-6f2c-4074-9261-fa64126776c4 uri: /reference/97a6fbbb-6f2c-4074-9261-fa64126776c4 - attrs: Author: 'Stanke, Carla; Kerac, Marko; Prudhomme, Christel; Medlock, Jolyon; Murray, Virginia' DOI: 10.1371/currents.dis.7a2cee9e980f91ad7697b570bcc4b004 Journal: 'PLoS Currents: Disasters' Keywords: added by ERG Notes: 2013 Jun 5 . Edition 1. (In PLOS citation) Title: 'Health effects of drought: A systematic review of the evidence' Year: 2013 _record_number: 23016 _uuid: 97e24319-c8e0-4103-a191-7b8a4047297a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1371/currents.dis.7a2cee9e980f91ad7697b570bcc4b004 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/97e24319-c8e0-4103-a191-7b8a4047297a.yaml identifier: 97e24319-c8e0-4103-a191-7b8a4047297a uri: /reference/97e24319-c8e0-4103-a191-7b8a4047297a - attrs: Abstract: 'Climate change and extreme weather events are expected to increase in frequency and intensity in the United States. The social factors that drive cities to adapt to and/or prepare for these impacts are largely unknown. Sixty-five qualitative interviews were conducted with multi-sectoral decision-makers to assess factors driving adaptation in six cities across the United States: Tucson, Arizona; Tampa, Florida; Raleigh, North Carolina; Boston, Massachusetts; Portland, Oregon; and Los Angeles, California. We find that there are three type of factors that affect adaptation: (1) swing characteristics of or events within localities that can lead toward or away from action; (2) inhibitors ways of thinking and framing climate change available to decision-makers that slow, but do not necessarily stop change; and (3) resource catalysts types of information and moral grounding that provide a rationale for change. These factors often intersect such that swing factors are only influential in cities with some political acceptance of climate change. In cities where public acceptance of climate change is slowly shifting, resource catalysts are more influential. This is the first qualitative study of climate change adaptation in American cities. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.' Author: 'Carlson, K.; McCormick, S.' DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.09.015 Date: Nov ISSN: 0959-3780 Journal: Global Environmental Change Keywords: climate change; adaptation; urban Pages: 360-367 Title: 'American adaptation: Social factors affecting new developments to address climate change' Volume: 35 Year: 2015 _record_number: 22713 _uuid: 98a171ed-c572-4c28-a49b-03110f1cac10 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.09.015 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/98a171ed-c572-4c28-a49b-03110f1cac10.yaml identifier: 98a171ed-c572-4c28-a49b-03110f1cac10 uri: /reference/98a171ed-c572-4c28-a49b-03110f1cac10 - attrs: Author: 'Aerts, Jeroen C. J. H.; Botzen, W. J. Wouter; Emanuel, Kerry; Lin, Ning; de Moel, Hans; Michel-Kerjan, Erwann O.' DOI: 10.1126/science.1248222 Issue: 6183 Journal: Science Keywords: urban; climate change; flooding; resilience; NE; Projection Pages: 473-475 Title: Evaluating flood resilience strategies for coastal megacities Volume: 344 Year: 2014 _record_number: 22688 _uuid: 993dacc4-2fe3-4fdb-a822-70538be4da25 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.1248222 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/993dacc4-2fe3-4fdb-a822-70538be4da25.yaml identifier: 993dacc4-2fe3-4fdb-a822-70538be4da25 uri: /reference/993dacc4-2fe3-4fdb-a822-70538be4da25 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Access Date: August 1 Access Year: 2017 Author: 'City of Dubuque,' Place Published: 'Dubuque, IA' Title: Upper Bee Branch Creek Restoration URL: http://www.cityofdubuque.org/1546/Upper-Bee-Branch-Creek-Restoration Year: 2017 _record_number: 23208 _uuid: 99f11503-c2c3-4ec5-825c-c6ed59d28613 reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/c2fc8aed-e906-4ec8-8a48-3d11fcb9bd61 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/99f11503-c2c3-4ec5-825c-c6ed59d28613.yaml identifier: 99f11503-c2c3-4ec5-825c-c6ed59d28613 uri: /reference/99f11503-c2c3-4ec5-825c-c6ed59d28613 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'ClimateWise,' Institution: University of Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership Pages: 37 Place Published: 'Cambridge, UK' Title: Investing for resilience Year: 2016 _record_number: 23211 _uuid: 9a635a45-9821-4e1b-a219-bae2c4ba192e reftype: Report child_publication: /report/investing-resilience href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9a635a45-9821-4e1b-a219-bae2c4ba192e.yaml identifier: 9a635a45-9821-4e1b-a219-bae2c4ba192e uri: /reference/9a635a45-9821-4e1b-a219-bae2c4ba192e - attrs: Abstract: 'This article reviews the economic and analytical challenges of adaptation to climate change. Adaptation to climate risks that can no longer be avoided is an important aspect of the global response to climate change. Humans have always adapted to changing climatic conditions, and there is growing, if still patchy, evidence of widespread adaptation behavior. However, adaptation is not autonomous as sometimes claimed. It requires knowledge, planning, coordination, and foresight. There are important knowledge gaps, behavioral barriers, and market failures that hold back effective adaptation and require policy intervention. We identify the most urgent adaptation priorities, including areas where delay might lock in future vulnerability, and outline the decision-making challenges of adapting to an unknown future climate. We also highlight the strong interlinkages between adaptation and economic development, pointing out that decisions on industrial strategy, urban planning, and infrastructure investment all have a strong bearing on future vulnerability to climate change. We review the implications of these links for adaptation finance and what the literature tells us about the balance between adaptation and mitigation.' Author: 'Fankhauser, Sam' DOI: 10.1146/annurev-resource-100516-033554 Issue: 1 Journal: Annual Review of Resource Economics Keywords: 'climate change adaptation,climate-resilient development,climate change policy,natural disasters' Pages: 209-230 Title: Adaptation to climate change Volume: 9 Year: 2017 _record_number: 25611 _uuid: 9b5422b6-bf2f-4c2a-b9e7-ca1943d08853 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1146/annurev-resource-100516-033554 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9b5422b6-bf2f-4c2a-b9e7-ca1943d08853.yaml identifier: 9b5422b6-bf2f-4c2a-b9e7-ca1943d08853 uri: /reference/9b5422b6-bf2f-4c2a-b9e7-ca1943d08853 - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: 'Hayhoe, K.; J. Edmonds; R.E. Kopp; A.N. LeGrande; B.M. Sanderson; M.F. Wehner; D.J. Wuebbles' Book Title: 'Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I' DOI: 10.7930/J0WH2N54 Editor: 'Wuebbles, D.J.; D.W. Fahey; K.A. Hibbard; D.J. Dokken; B.C. Stewart; T.K. Maycock' Pages: 133-160 Place Published: 'Washington, DC, USA' Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program Title: 'Climate Models, Scenarios, and Projections' Year: 2017 _record_number: 21562 _uuid: 9c909a77-a1d9-477d-82fc-468a6b1af771 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/projections href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9c909a77-a1d9-477d-82fc-468a6b1af771.yaml identifier: 9c909a77-a1d9-477d-82fc-468a6b1af771 uri: /reference/9c909a77-a1d9-477d-82fc-468a6b1af771 - attrs: Author: 'Jentsch, Mark F.; James, Patrick A. B.; Bourikas, Leonidas; Bahaj, AbuBakr S.' DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2012.12.049 Date: 2013/07/01/ ISSN: 0960-1481 Journal: Renewable Energy Keywords: Climate change; Simulation weather data; Weather data morphing; Weather data generation tool Pages: 514-524 Title: Transforming existing weather data for worldwide locations to enable energy and building performance simulation under future climates Volume: 55 Year: 2013 _record_number: 25615 _uuid: 9ca050f7-7d01-4bca-8fcc-726dc8b4498b reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.renene.2012.12.049 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9ca050f7-7d01-4bca-8fcc-726dc8b4498b.yaml identifier: 9ca050f7-7d01-4bca-8fcc-726dc8b4498b uri: /reference/9ca050f7-7d01-4bca-8fcc-726dc8b4498b - attrs: Abstract: 'Urban areas are increasingly seen as having distinct need for climate adaptation. Further, as resources are limited, it is essential to prioritize adaptation actions. At the municipal scale, we suggest that priorities be placed where there is a gap between adaption need and existing adaptation effort. Taking Seattle, USA, as an example, we present this gap in terms of four categories of adaptation options (no-regret, primary, secondary, and tertiary) for the three primary urban hazards—flooding, heat wave, and drought. To do so, we first establish current adaptation need by identifying and categorizing adaptation options. Next, we consider for each option the number of hazards addressed and benefit to and beyond climate adaptation, the projected magnitude of the hazards addressed, the projection’s uncertainty, and the required scale and irreversibility of investment. Third, we assessed Seattle’s current adaptation efforts by reviewing adaptation plans and related materials. Finally, we identify the distance or “gap” as the proportion of adaptation options not identified by existing adaptation plans. For Seattle, we categorized seven options as no-regret adaptation, five as primary, two as secondary, and three as tertiary. Each level’s adaptation gap highlights significant opportunities to take steps to reduce climate risks in key areas.' Author: 'Chen, Chen; Doherty, Meghan; Coffee, Joyce; Wong, Theodore; Hellmann, Jessica' DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2016.05.007 Date: 12// ISSN: 1462-9011 Journal: Environmental Science & Policy Keywords: NEW; adaptation; cities Pages: 403-419 Title: 'Measuring the adaptation gap: A framework for evaluating climate hazards and opportunities in urban areas' Volume: 66 Year: 2016 _record_number: 22717 _uuid: 9dbe259c-7b0d-4bbb-b0bc-2e24cc3d106f reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.envsci.2016.05.007 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9dbe259c-7b0d-4bbb-b0bc-2e24cc3d106f.yaml identifier: 9dbe259c-7b0d-4bbb-b0bc-2e24cc3d106f uri: /reference/9dbe259c-7b0d-4bbb-b0bc-2e24cc3d106f