---
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 16
    Author: 'EIA,'
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Publisher: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
    Title: 'Electric Power Monthly: Table 1.1A. Net Generation From Renewable Sources'
    URL: https://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/epm_table_grapher.php?t=epmt_1_01_a
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 21363
    _uuid: 05537a3e-d372-4493-9246-dc6d3651b639
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'NREL,'
    Institution: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
    Pages: 12
    Place Published: 'Denver, CO'
    Series Volume: NREL/BR-6A20-62631
    Title: 'Distributed Solar PV for Electricity System Resiliency: Policy and Regulatory Considerations'
    URL: https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy15osti/62631.pdf
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 21373
    _uuid: 23cb1c3a-ff1e-4665-b672-f17bcfe65467
    reftype: Report
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  identifier: 23cb1c3a-ff1e-4665-b672-f17bcfe65467
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 16
    Author: 'EIA,'
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Publisher: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
    Title: 'Frequently Asked Questions: How Much Natural Gas Does the United States Have and How Long Will It Last?'
    URL: https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=58&t=8
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 21361
    _uuid: 5808b554-dae9-4fb4-b457-96056c35ad7b
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Abstract: "The utility-scale solar sector has led the overall U.S. solar market in terms of installed capacity since 2012. This report—the fourth edition in an ongoing annual series—provides data-driven analysis of the utility-scale solar project fleet in the United States. We analyze not just installed project costs or prices, but also operating costs, capacity factors, and power purchase agreement (\"PPA\") prices from a large sample of utility-scale solar PV and CSP projects throughout the United States. Some of the more-notable findings from this year's edition include the following: \r\r* ; Installation Trends; : The use of solar tracking devices continued to expand in 2015. In a reflection of the ongoing geographic expansion of the market beyond the high-insolation Southwest, the average long-term insolation level across newly built project sites declined for the first time in 2015. Meanwhile, the average inverter loading ratio has increased among more recent project vintages, to 1.31.\r\r* ; Installed Prices; : Median installed PV project prices within a sizable sample have steadily fallen by nearly 60% since the 2007-2009 period, to $2.7/W; AC;  (or $2.1/W; DC; ) for projects completed in 2015. The lowest 20; th;  percentile of projects within our 2015 sample were priced at or below $2.2/W; AC; , with the lowest-priced projects around $1.7/W; AC; .\r\r* ; Operation and Maintenance (\"O&M\") Costs; :  PV O&M costs (from a very small sample of projects) were in the neighborhood of $15/kW; AC; -year, or $7/MWh, in 2015. These numbers include only those costs incurred to directly operate and maintain the generating plant, but exclude property taxes, insurance, land royalties, performance bonds, various administrative and other fees, and overhead.\r\r* ; Capacity Factors; : Project-level AC capacity factors range widely, from 15.1% to 35.7%, with a sample median of 26.4%. This variation is based on the strength of the solar resource at each project site, whether the array is mounted at a fixed tilt or on a tracking mechanism, the inverter loading ratio, and likely degradation. Improvements in these factors have driven mean capacity factors higher over the last four years, to nearly 27% among 2014-vintage projects.\r\r* ; PPA Prices; : Driven by lower installed project prices and improving capacity factors, levelized PPA prices for utility-scale PV have fallen dramatically over time. Most PPAs in the 2015 sample are priced at or below $50/MWh levelized, with a few priced as aggressively as ~$30/MWh. Even at these low price levels, PV may still find it difficult to compete with ; existing;  gas-fired generation, given how low natural gas prices have fallen over the past year. When stacked up against ; new;  gas-fired generation, PV looks more attractive—and in either case can also provide a hedge against possible future increases in fossil fuel costs.\r\rAt the end of 2015, there were at least 56.8 GW of utility-scale solar power capacity in interconnection queues across the nation. The ; growth;  within these queues has come primarily from Texas and the Southeast, Central, and Northeast regions, which is a clear sign that the utility-scale market is maturing and expanding outside of its traditional high-insolation comfort zones of California and the Southwest."
    Author: 'Bolinger, Mark; Joachim Seel'
    Institution: Berkeley Lab
    Place Published: 'Berkeley, CA'
    Series Volume: 'LBNL- 1006037'
    Title: 'Utility-Scale Solar 2015: An Empirical Analysis of Project Cost, Performance, and Pricing Trends in the United States'
    URL: https://emp.lbl.gov/publications/utility-scale-solar-2015-empirical
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 21338
    _uuid: 5b1b5757-90ef-4934-a8b3-026cbaf418e6
    reftype: Report
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 16
    Author: 'EIA,'
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Publisher: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
    Title: 'Electric Power Monthly: Table 1.1. Net Generation by Energy Source: Total (All Sectors), 2008-April 2018'
    URL: https://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/epm_table_grapher.php?t=epmt_1_01
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 25910
    _uuid: 60f5e1c1-679e-4df6-a559-72d815c5c728
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'IRENA,'
    Institution: ' International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)'
    Notes: 'ISBN: 9789295111974 (PDF)'
    Pages: 108
    Place Published: 'Bonn, Germany'
    Title: 'The Power to Change: Solar and Wind Cost Reduction Potential to 2025'
    URL: http://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/Publications/IRENA_Power_to_Change_2016.pdf
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 21371
    _uuid: 6b0561f4-931a-4001-862a-36c8650ffff6
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/power-change-solar-wind-cost-reduction-potential-2025
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  uri: /reference/6b0561f4-931a-4001-862a-36c8650ffff6
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Wise, Ryan; Bolinger, Mark'
    Institution: 'DOE, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy'
    Pages: 82
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Title: 2016 Wind Technologies Market Report
    URL: https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/10/f37/2016_Wind_Technologies_Market_Report_101317.pdf
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 25447
    _uuid: 79aca09a-97cb-4e09-8050-4dcbe86057bb
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/2016-wind-technologies-market-report
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'DOE,'
    Institution: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
    Pages: 181
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Title: Staff Report to the Secretary on Electricity Markets and Reliability
    URL: https://energy.gov/staff-report-secretary-electricity-markets-and-reliability
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 25444
    _uuid: 8c3c0bd1-7344-4c38-af03-a9a9d5c13553
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/staff-report-secretary-on-electricity-markets-reliability
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Mone, Christopher; Maureen Hand; Mark Bolinger; Joseph Rand; Donna Heimiller; Jonathan Ho'
    Institution: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
    Pages: 97
    Place Published: 'Golden, CO'
    Series Volume: NREL/TP-6A20-66861
    Title: 2015 cost of wind energy review
    URL: https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy17osti/66861.pdf
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 24521
    _uuid: acbc0de7-8655-44d4-be3e-d9f5f559546a
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/2015-cost-wind-energy-review
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Barbose, Galen L.; Naïm R. Darghouth'
    Institution: Berkeley Lab
    Pages: 52
    Place Published: 'Berkeley, CA'
    Series Volume: LBNL-1006036
    Title: 'Tracking the Sun IX: The Installed Price of Residential and Non-Residential Photovoltaic Systems in the United States'
    URL: https://emp.lbl.gov/publications/tracking-sun-ix-installed-price
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 21336
    _uuid: cd167a8b-c577-4d5b-b3d5-c2f7c86b1a3f
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/tracking-sun-ix-installed-price-residential-non-residential-photovoltaic-systems-united-states
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  uri: /reference/cd167a8b-c577-4d5b-b3d5-c2f7c86b1a3f
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'DOE,'
    Institution: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
    Pages: 100
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Series Volume: DOE/EE-1418
    Title: 'Solid-State Lighting: R&D Plan'
    URL: https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/06/f32/ssl_rd-plan_%20jun2016_2.pdf
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 21352
    _uuid: d53bb507-4ad1-482d-8efd-18463c2e7db2
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/solid-state-lighting-rd-plan
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'DOE,'
    Institution: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Title: 'Transforming U.S. Energy Infrastructures in a Time of Rapid Change: The First Installment of the Quadrennial Energy Review'
    URL: https://energy.gov/epsa/downloads/quadrennial-energy-review-first-installment
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 21346
    _uuid: df09ee8d-ac10-4cd4-bcb1-a087c727d891
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/transforming-us-energy-infrastructures-time-rapid-change-first-installment-quadrennial-energy-review
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    Author: 'DOE,'
    Institution: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Series Volume: DOE/EPSA-0008
    Title: 'Transforming the Nation’s Electricity System: The Second Installment of the QER'
    URL: https://energy.gov/epsa/quadrennial-energy-review-second-installment
    Year: 2017
    _record_number: 21355
    _uuid: f0d12f1c-4eea-41ee-a818-58ad09513531
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/transforming-nations-electricity-system-second-installment-qer
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