uri,href,identifier,attrs.Abstract,attrs.Author,attrs.DOI,attrs.Date,attrs.ISSN,attrs.Journal,attrs.Title,"attrs.Type of Article",attrs.Year,attrs._record_number,attrs._uuid,attrs.reftype,child_publication
/reference/0006123e-10a3-4501-a89c-95a7921a9c3d,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0006123e-10a3-4501-a89c-95a7921a9c3d,0006123e-10a3-4501-a89c-95a7921a9c3d,"Understanding how impacts may differ across alternative levels of future climate change is necessary to inform mitigation and adaptation measures. The Benefits of Reduced Anthropogenic Climate changE (BRACE) project assesses the differences in impacts between two specific climate futures: a higher emissions future with global average temperature increasing about 3.7 °C above pre-industrial levels toward the end of the century and a moderate emissions future with global average warming of about 2.5 °C. BRACE studies in this special issue quantify avoided impacts on physical, managed, and societal systems in terms of extreme events, health, agriculture, and tropical cyclones. Here we describe the conceptual framework and design of BRACE and synthesize its results. Methodologically, the project combines climate modeling, statistical analysis, and impact assessment and draws heavily on large ensembles using the Community Earth System Model. It addresses uncertainty in future societal change by employing two pathways for future socioeconomic development. Results show that the benefits of reduced climate change within this framework vary substantially across types of impacts. In many cases, especially related to extreme heat events, there are substantial benefits to mitigation. The benefits for some heat extremes are statistically significant in some regions as early as the 2020s and are widespread by mid-century. Benefits are more modest for agriculture and exposure to some health risks. Benefits are negative for agriculture when CO2 fertilization is incorporated. For several societal impacts, the effect on outcomes of alternative future societal development pathways is substantially larger than the effect of the two climate scenarios.","O’Neill, Brian C.; M. Done, James; Gettelman, Andrew; Lawrence, Peter; Lehner, Flavio; Lamarque, Jean-Francois; Lin, Lei; J. Monaghan, Andrew; Oleson, Keith; Ren, Xiaolin; M. Sanderson, Benjamin; Tebaldi, Claudia; Weitzel, Matthias; Xu, Yangyang; Anderson, Brooke; Fix, Miranda J.; Levis, Samuel",10.1007/s10584-017-2009-x,"July 26",1573-1480,"Climatic Change","The Benefits of Reduced Anthropogenic Climate changE (BRACE): A synthesis","journal article",2017,24077,0006123e-10a3-4501-a89c-95a7921a9c3d,"Journal Article",/article/10.1007/s10584-017-2009-x
/reference/00234d41-c8e2-49c1-8b7a-8a2c0ad9b6df,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/00234d41-c8e2-49c1-8b7a-8a2c0ad9b6df,00234d41-c8e2-49c1-8b7a-8a2c0ad9b6df,"Using ensembles from the Community Earth System Model (CESM) under a high and a lower emission scenarios, we investigate changes in statistics of extreme daily temperature. The ensembles provide large samples for a robust application of extreme value theory. We estimate return values and return periods for annual maxima of the daily high and low temperatures as well as the 3-day averages of the same variables in current and future climate. Results indicate statistically significant increases (compared to the reference period of 1996–2005) in extreme temperatures over all land areas as early as 2025 under both scenarios, with statistically significant differences between them becoming pervasive over the globe by 2050. The substantially smaller changes, for all indices, produced under the lower emission case translate into sizeable benefits from emission mitigation: By 2075, in terms of reduced changes in 1-day heat extremes, about 95 % of land regions would see benefits of 1 °C or more under the lower emissions scenario, and 50 % or more of the land areas would benefit by at least 2 °C. 6 % of the land area would benefit by 3 °C or more in projected extreme minimum temperatures and 13 % would benefit by this amount for extreme maximum temperature. Benefits for 3-day metrics are similar. The future frequency of current extremes is also greatly reduced by mitigation: by the end of the century, under RCP8.5 more than half the land area experiences the current 20-year events every year while only between about 10 and 25 % of the area is affected by such severe changes under RCP4.5.","Tebaldi, Claudia; Wehner, Michael F.",10.1007/s10584-016-1605-5,,1573-1480,"Climatic Change","Benefits of mitigation for future heat extremes under RCP4.5 compared to RCP8.5",,2016,20060,00234d41-c8e2-49c1-8b7a-8a2c0ad9b6df,"Journal Article",/article/10.1007/s10584-016-1605-5
/reference/00935259-887c-4e73-a936-90759dd846e1,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/00935259-887c-4e73-a936-90759dd846e1,00935259-887c-4e73-a936-90759dd846e1,,"Ngo, Nicole S.; Horton, Radley M.",10.1016/j.envres.2015.11.016,2016/01/01/,0013-9351,"Environmental Research","Climate change and fetal health: The impacts of exposure to extreme temperatures in New York City",,2016,25317,00935259-887c-4e73-a936-90759dd846e1,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/j.envres.2015.11.016
/reference/02346c4a-5ec5-4adf-8067-a07210aaeed0,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/02346c4a-5ec5-4adf-8067-a07210aaeed0,02346c4a-5ec5-4adf-8067-a07210aaeed0,"Climate change is expected to cause extensive shifts in the epidemiology of infectious and vector-borne diseases. Scenarios on the effects of climate change typically attribute altered distribution of communicable diseases to a rise in average temperature and altered incidence of infectious diseases to weather extremes. Methods Recent evaluations of the effects of climate change on Hawaii have not explored this link. It may be expected that Hawaii’s natural geography and robust water, sanitation, and health care infrastructure renders residents less vulnerable to many threats that are the focus on smaller, lesser developed, and more vulnerable Pacific islands. In addition, Hawaii’s communicable disease surveillance and response system can act rapidly to counter increases in any disease above baseline and to redirect resources to deal with changes, particularly outbreaks due to exotic pathogens. Results The evidence base examined in this article consistently revealed very low climate sensitivity with respect to infectious and mosquito-borne diseases. Conclusions A community resilience model is recommended to increase adaptive capacity for all possible climate change impacts rather an approach that focuses specifically on communicable diseases. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:797–804)","Canyon, Deon V.; Speare, Rick; Burkle, Frederick M.",10.1017/dmp.2016.73,,1935-7893,"Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness","Forecasted impact of climate change on infectious disease and health security in Hawaii by 2050",,2016,26102,02346c4a-5ec5-4adf-8067-a07210aaeed0,"Journal Article",/article/10.1017/dmp.2016.73
/reference/05669ed2-397c-40de-b3bd-c54decb66e5c,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/05669ed2-397c-40de-b3bd-c54decb66e5c,05669ed2-397c-40de-b3bd-c54decb66e5c,"In addition to serving as vectors of several other human pathogens, the black-legged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, and western black-legged tick, Ixodes pacificus Cooley and Kohls, are the primary vectors of the spirochete ( Borrelia burgdorferi ) that causes Lyme disease, the most common vector-borne disease in the United States. Over the past two decades, the geographic range of I. pacificus has changed modestly while, in contrast, the I. scapularis range has expanded substantially, which likely contributes to the concurrent expansion in the distribution of human Lyme disease cases in the Northeastern, North-Central and Mid-Atlantic states. Identifying counties that contain suitable habitat for these ticks that have not yet reported established vector populations can aid in targeting limited vector surveillance resources to areas where tick invasion and potential human risk are likely to occur. We used county-level vector distribution information and ensemble modeling to map the potential distribution of I. scapularis and I. pacificus in the contiguous United States as a function of climate, elevation, and forest cover. Results show that I. pacificus is currently present within much of the range classified by our model as suitable for establishment. In contrast, environmental conditions are suitable for I. scapularis to continue expanding its range into northwestern Minnesota, central and northern Michigan, within the Ohio River Valley, and inland from the southeastern and Gulf coasts. Overall, our ensemble models show suitable habitat for I. scapularis in 441 eastern counties and for I. pacificus in 11 western counties where surveillance records have not yet supported classification of the counties as established.","Hahn, Micah B.; Jarnevich, Catherine S.; Monaghan, Andrew J.; Eisen, Rebecca J.",10.1093/jme/tjw076,,0022-2585,"Journal of Medical Entomology","Modeling the geographic distribution of Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the contiguous United States",,2016,24067,05669ed2-397c-40de-b3bd-c54decb66e5c,"Journal Article",/article/10.1093/jme/tjw076
/reference/05ee299b-0f67-41b4-98c8-7f06718799fc,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/05ee299b-0f67-41b4-98c8-7f06718799fc,05ee299b-0f67-41b4-98c8-7f06718799fc,,"Guenther, Robin; Balbus, John",,,,,"Primary Protection: Enhancing Health Care Resilience for a Changing Climate",,2014,19365,05ee299b-0f67-41b4-98c8-7f06718799fc,Report,/report/hhs-resilience-2014
/reference/06fbcf75-3eca-4b63-93ab-a34b11e3fff4,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/06fbcf75-3eca-4b63-93ab-a34b11e3fff4,06fbcf75-3eca-4b63-93ab-a34b11e3fff4,"In this Focus article, the authors ask a seemingly simple question: Are harmful algal blooms (HABs) becoming the greatest inland water quality threat to public health and aquatic ecosystems? When HAB events require restrictions on fisheries, recreation, and drinking water uses of inland water bodies significant economic consequences result. Unfortunately, the magnitude, frequency, and duration of HABs in inland waters are poorly understood across spatiotemporal scales and differentially engaged among states, tribes, and territories. Harmful algal bloom impacts are not as predictable as those from conventional chemical contaminants, for which water quality assessment and management programs were primarily developed, because interactions among multiple natural and anthropogenic factors determine the likelihood and severity to which a HAB will occur in a specific water body. These forcing factors can also affect toxin production. Beyond site-specific water quality degradation caused directly by HABs, the presence of HAB toxins can negatively influence routine surface water quality monitoring, assessment, and management practices. Harmful algal blooms present significant challenges for achieving water quality protection and restoration goals when these toxins confound interpretation of monitoring results and environmental quality standards implementation efforts for other chemicals and stressors. Whether HABs presently represent the greatest threat to inland water quality is debatable, though in inland waters of developed countries they typically cause more severe acute impacts to environmental quality than conventional chemical contamination events. The authors identify several timely research needs. Environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry, and risk-assessment expertise must interface with ecologists, engineers, and public health practitioners to engage the complexities of HAB assessment and management, to address the forcing factors for HAB formation, and to reduce the threats posed to inland surface water quality. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:6–13. © 2015 SETAC","Brooks, Bryan W.; Lazorchak, James M.; Howard, Meredith D.A.; Johnson, Mari-Vaughn V.; Morton, Steve L.; Perkins, Dawn A.K.; Reavie, Euan D.; Scott, Geoffrey I.; Smith, Stephanie A.; Steevens, Jeffery A.",10.1002/etc.3220,,,"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","Are harmful algal blooms becoming the greatest inland water quality threat to public health and aquatic ecosystems?",,2016,26103,06fbcf75-3eca-4b63-93ab-a34b11e3fff4,"Journal Article",/article/10.1002/etc.3220
/reference/0b30f1ab-e4c4-4837-aa8b-0e19faccdb94,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0b30f1ab-e4c4-4837-aa8b-0e19faccdb94,0b30f1ab-e4c4-4837-aa8b-0e19faccdb94,,"EPA,",,,,,"Multi-model Framework for Quantitative Sectoral Impacts Analysis: A Technical Report for the Fourth National Climate Assessment",,2017,21365,0b30f1ab-e4c4-4837-aa8b-0e19faccdb94,Report,/report/epa-multi-model-framework-for-quantitative-sectoral-impacts-analysis-2017
/reference/0bbad3bb-b424-4f35-8cb3-2b7c883852be,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0bbad3bb-b424-4f35-8cb3-2b7c883852be,0bbad3bb-b424-4f35-8cb3-2b7c883852be,,"Lamond, Jessica Elizabeth; Joseph, Rotimi D.; Proverbs, David G.",10.1016/j.envres.2015.04.008,2015/07/01/,0013-9351,"Environmental Research","An exploration of factors affecting the long term psychological impact and deterioration of mental health in flooded households",,2015,24069,0bbad3bb-b424-4f35-8cb3-2b7c883852be,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/j.envres.2015.04.008
/reference/0e186af3-bf5b-49ae-82cc-cf1a1a5a7c25,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0e186af3-bf5b-49ae-82cc-cf1a1a5a7c25,0e186af3-bf5b-49ae-82cc-cf1a1a5a7c25,,"Bell, Jesse E.; Herring, Stephanie C. ; Jantarasami, Lesley; Adrianopoli, Carl; Benedict, Kaitlin; Conlon, Kathryn; Escobar, Vanessa; Hess, Jeremy; Luvall, Jeffrey; Garcia-Pando, Carlos Perez ; Quattrochi, Dale; Runkle, Jennifer; Schreck, Carl J., III",10.7930/J0BZ63ZV,,,,"Ch. 4: Impacts of extreme events on human health",,2016,19376,0e186af3-bf5b-49ae-82cc-cf1a1a5a7c25,"Book Section",/report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/extreme-events
/reference/0fc0ccc3-c530-4099-b6e1-e04f2cfd4237,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0fc0ccc3-c530-4099-b6e1-e04f2cfd4237,0fc0ccc3-c530-4099-b6e1-e04f2cfd4237,,"Ryan, Sadie J.; McNally, Amy; Johnson, Leah R.; Mordecai, Erin A.; Ben-Horin, Tal; Paaijmans, Krijn; Lafferty, Kevin D.",10.1089/vbz.2015.1822,2015/12/01,1530-3667,"Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases","Mapping physiological suitability limits for malaria in Africa under climate change",,2015,24090,0fc0ccc3-c530-4099-b6e1-e04f2cfd4237,"Journal Article",/article/10.1089/vbz.2015.1822
/reference/110b6896-b3e8-4af4-9c57-70cd5dcc49b0,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/110b6896-b3e8-4af4-9c57-70cd5dcc49b0,110b6896-b3e8-4af4-9c57-70cd5dcc49b0,"The effect of global climate change on infectious disease remains hotly debated because multiple extrinsic and intrinsic drivers interact to influence transmission dynamics in nonlinear ways. The dominant drivers of widespread pathogens, like West Nile virus, can be challenging to identify due to regional variability in vector and host ecology, with past studies producing disparate findings. Here, we used analyses at national and state scales to examine a suite of climatic and intrinsic drivers of continental-scale West Nile virus epidemics, including an empirically derived mechanistic relationship between temperature and transmission potential that accounts for spatial variability in vectors. We found that drought was the primary climatic driver of increased West Nile virus epidemics, rather than within-season or winter temperatures, or precipitation independently. Local-scale data from one region suggested drought increased epidemics via changes in mosquito infection prevalence rather than mosquito abundance. In addition, human acquired immunity following regional epidemics limited subsequent transmission in many states. We show that over the next 30 years, increased drought severity from climate change could triple West Nile virus cases, but only in regions with low human immunity. These results illustrate how changes in drought severity can alter the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases.","Paull, Sara H.; Horton, Daniel E.; Ashfaq, Moetasim; Rastogi, Deeksha; Kramer, Laura D.; Diffenbaugh, Noah S.; Kilpatrick, A. Marm",10.1098/rspb.2016.2078,,,"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","Drought and immunity determine the intensity of West Nile virus epidemics and climate change impacts",,2017,23690,110b6896-b3e8-4af4-9c57-70cd5dcc49b0,"Journal Article",/article/10.1098/rspb.2016.2078
/reference/115163fe-d259-4944-87a9-6225e5010c41,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/115163fe-d259-4944-87a9-6225e5010c41,115163fe-d259-4944-87a9-6225e5010c41,,"Bathi, Jejal Reddy; Das, Himangshu S.",10.3390/ijerph13020239,,1660-4601,"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","Vulnerability of coastal communities from storm surge and flood disasters",,2016,24141,115163fe-d259-4944-87a9-6225e5010c41,"Journal Article",/article/10.3390/ijerph13020239
/reference/126dc0cf-87a4-472a-80ac-619a1c258fa0,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/126dc0cf-87a4-472a-80ac-619a1c258fa0,126dc0cf-87a4-472a-80ac-619a1c258fa0,"Heat waves can be lethal and routinely prompt public warnings about the dangers of heat. With climate change, extreme heat events will become more frequent and intense. However, little is known about public awareness of heat warnings or behaviors during hot weather. Awareness of heat warnings, prevention behaviors, and air conditioning (AC) prevalence and use in New York City were assessed using quantitative and qualitative methods. A random sample telephone survey was conducted in September 2011 among 719 adults and follow-up focus groups were held in winter 2012 among seniors and potential senior caregivers. During summer 2011, 79 % of adults heard or saw a heat warning. Of the 24 % who were seniors or in fair or poor health, 34 % did not own AC or never/rarely used it on hot days. Of this subgroup, 30 % were unaware of warnings, and 49 % stay home during hot weather. Reasons for not using AC during hot weather include disliking AC (29 %), not feeling hot (19 %), and a preference for fans (18 %). Seniors in the focus groups did not perceive themselves to be at risk, and often did not identify AC as an important health protection strategy. While heat warnings are received by most New Yorkers, AC cost, risk perception problems, and a preference for staying home leave many at risk during heat waves. Improving AC access and risk communications will help better protect the most vulnerable during heat waves.","Lane, Kathryn; Wheeler, Katherine; Charles-Guzman, Kizzy; Ahmed, Munerah; Blum, Micheline; Gregory, Katherine; Graber, Nathan; Clark, Nancy; Matte, Thomas",10.1007/s11524-013-9850-7,"June 01",1468-2869,"Journal of Urban Health","Extreme heat awareness and protective behaviors in New York City","journal article",2014,24117,126dc0cf-87a4-472a-80ac-619a1c258fa0,"Journal Article",/article/10.1007/s11524-013-9850-7
/reference/12ce2788-69d3-4b06-9799-34d7130b090c,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/12ce2788-69d3-4b06-9799-34d7130b090c,12ce2788-69d3-4b06-9799-34d7130b090c,,"Garfin, Gregg M.; LeRoy, Sarah; Jones, Hunter",10.7289/V5930R6Q,,,,"Developing an Integrated Heat Health Information System for Long-Term Resilience to Climate and Weather Extremes in the El Paso-Juárez-Las Cruces Region",,2017,24125,12ce2788-69d3-4b06-9799-34d7130b090c,Report,/report/developing-an-integrated-heat-health-information-system-long-term-resilience-climate-weather-extremes-el-paso-jurez-las-cruces-region
/reference/133fec6d-8a4b-47e6-a1f0-c986ecf70780,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/133fec6d-8a4b-47e6-a1f0-c986ecf70780,133fec6d-8a4b-47e6-a1f0-c986ecf70780,,"Griffin, Daniel; Anchukaitis, Kevin J.",10.1002/2014GL062433,,1944-8007,"Geophysical Research Letters","How unusual is the 2012–2014 California drought?",,2014,23772,133fec6d-8a4b-47e6-a1f0-c986ecf70780,"Journal Article",/article/10.1002/2014GL062433
/reference/139e52f1-c486-4f93-aa79-67b3f1dc7e02,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/139e52f1-c486-4f93-aa79-67b3f1dc7e02,139e52f1-c486-4f93-aa79-67b3f1dc7e02,"Background On October 29th, 2012, Hurricane Sandy caused a storm surge interrupting electricity with disruption to Manhattan’s (New York, USA) health care infrastructure. Beth Israel Medical Center (BIMC) was the only fully functioning major hospital in lower Manhattan during and after Hurricane Sandy. The impact on emergency department (ED) and hospital use by geriatric patients in lower Manhattan was studied. Methods The trends of ED visits and hospitalizations in the immediate post-Sandy phase (IPS) during the actual blackout (October 29 through November 4, 2012), and the extended post-Sandy phase (EPS), when neighboring hospitals were still incapacitated (November 5, 2012 through February 10, 2013), were analyzed with baseline. The analysis was broken down by age groups (18-64, 65-79, and 80+ years old) and included the reasons for ED visits and admissions. Results During the IPS, there was a significant increase in geriatric visits (from 11% to 16.5% in the 65-79 age group, and from 6.5% to 13% in the 80+ age group) as well as in hospitalizations (from 22.7% to 25.2% in the 65-79 age group, and from 17.6% to 33.8% in the 80+ age group). However, these proportions returned to baseline during the EPS. The proportions of the categories “dialysis,” “respiratory device,” “social,” and “syncope” in geriatric patients in ED visits were significantly higher than younger patients. The increases of the categories “medication,” “dialysis,” “respiratory device,” and “social” represented two-thirds of absolute increase in both ED visits and admissions for the 65-79 age group, and half of the absolute increase in ED visits for the 80+ age group. The categories “social” and “respiratory device” peaked one day after the disaster, “dialysis” peaked two days after, and “medication” peaked three days after in ED visit analysis. Conclusions There was a disproportionate increase in ED visits and hospitalizations in the geriatric population compared with the younger population during the IPS. The primary factor of the disproportionate impact on the geriatric population appears to be from indirect effects of the hurricane, mainly due to the subsequent power outages, such as “dialysis,” “respiratory device,” and “social.” Further investigation by chart review may provide more insights to better aid with future disaster preparedness. Gotanda H , Fogel J , Husk G , Levine JM , Peterson M , Baumlin K , Habboushe J . Hurricane Sandy: Impact on Emergency Department and Hospital Utilization by Older Adults in Lower Manhattan, New York (USA). Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(5):496–502.","Gotanda, Hiroshi; Fogel, Joyce; Husk, Gregg; Levine, Jeffrey M.; Peterson, Monte; Baumlin, Kevin; Habboushe, Joseph",10.1017/S1049023X15005087,,1049-023X,"Prehospital and Disaster Medicine","Hurricane Sandy: Impact on emergency department and hospital utilization by older adults in Lower Manhattan, New York (USA)",,2015,24124,139e52f1-c486-4f93-aa79-67b3f1dc7e02,"Journal Article",/article/10.1017/S1049023X15005087
/reference/14f846a7-837f-4470-a2c3-3127574e1c05,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/14f846a7-837f-4470-a2c3-3127574e1c05,14f846a7-837f-4470-a2c3-3127574e1c05,,"Becker, Emily",,,,,"June 2016 ENSO Discussion: The New Neutral",,2016,24151,14f846a7-837f-4470-a2c3-3127574e1c05,"Web Page",/webpage/8dfc7b3b-c28d-4557-b679-1d7e5e2959ab
/reference/176f1216-a5cf-4ad9-852d-3bf41a0d87ec,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/176f1216-a5cf-4ad9-852d-3bf41a0d87ec,176f1216-a5cf-4ad9-852d-3bf41a0d87ec,"This paper introduces a scalable ""climate health justice"" model for assessing and projecting incidence, treatment costs, and sociospatial disparities for diseases with well-documented climate change linkages. The model is designed to employ low-cost secondary data, and it is rooted in a perspective that merges normative environmental justice concerns with theoretical grounding in health inequalities. Since the model employs International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) disease codes, it is transferable to other contexts, appropriate for use across spatial scales, and suitable for comparative analyses. We demonstrate the utility of the model through analysis of 2008-2010 hospitalization discharge data at state and county levels in Texas (USA). We identified several disease categories (i.e., cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, heat-related, and respiratory) associated with climate change, and then selected corresponding ICD-9 codes with the highest hospitalization counts for further analyses. Selected diseases include ischemic heart disease, diarrhea, heat exhaustion/cramps/stroke/syncope, and asthma. Cardiovascular disease ranked first among the general categories of diseases for age-adjusted hospital admission rate (5286.37 per 100,000). In terms of specific selected diseases (per 100,000 population), asthma ranked first (517.51), followed by ischemic heart disease (195.20), diarrhea (75.35), and heat exhaustion/cramps/stroke/syncope (7.81). Charges associated with the selected diseases over the 3-year period amounted to US$5.6 billion. Blacks were disproportionately burdened by the selected diseases in comparison to non-Hispanic whites, while Hispanics were not. Spatial distributions of the selected disease rates revealed geographic zones of disproportionate risk. Based upon a down-scaled regional climate-change projection model, we estimate a >5% increase in the incidence and treatment costs of asthma attributable to climate change between the baseline and 2040-2050 in Texas. Additionally, the inequalities described here will be accentuated, with blacks facing amplified health disparities in the future. These predicted trends raise both intergenerational and distributional climate health justice concerns. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","McDonald, Y. J.; Grineski, S. E.; Collins, T. W.; Kim, Y. A.",10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.032,May,0277-9536,"Social Science & Medicine","A scalable climate health justice assessment model",,2015,22786,176f1216-a5cf-4ad9-852d-3bf41a0d87ec,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.032
/reference/1839c00f-e69e-4e50-a22b-57324daaaa32,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1839c00f-e69e-4e50-a22b-57324daaaa32,1839c00f-e69e-4e50-a22b-57324daaaa32,,"Smith, M. R.; Golden, C. D.; Myers, S. S.",10.1002/2016GH000018,,2471-1403,GeoHealth,"Potential rise in iron deficiency due to future anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions",,2017,24097,1839c00f-e69e-4e50-a22b-57324daaaa32,"Journal Article",/article/10.1002/2016GH000018
/reference/1ad1d794-bc57-4e48-ab28-0e2b65767cb9,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1ad1d794-bc57-4e48-ab28-0e2b65767cb9,1ad1d794-bc57-4e48-ab28-0e2b65767cb9,,"Sarofim, Marcus C.; Saha, Shubhayu; Hawkins, Michelle D.; Mills, David M.; Hess, Jeremy; Horton, Radley; Kinney, Patrick; Schwartz, Joel; St. Juliana, Alexis",10.7930/J0MG7MDX,,,,"Ch. 2: Temperature-related death and illness",,2016,19374,1ad1d794-bc57-4e48-ab28-0e2b65767cb9,"Book Section",/report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/temperature-related-death-and-illness
/reference/1b017bee-78c8-4e75-a218-cc47ae89446a,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1b017bee-78c8-4e75-a218-cc47ae89446a,1b017bee-78c8-4e75-a218-cc47ae89446a,,"Hellberg, Rosalee S.; Chu, Eric",10.3109/1040841X.2014.972335,2016/07/03,1040-841X,"Critical Reviews in Microbiology","Effects of climate change on the persistence and dispersal of foodborne bacterial pathogens in the outdoor environment: A review",,2016,25325,1b017bee-78c8-4e75-a218-cc47ae89446a,"Journal Article",/article/10.3109/1040841X.2014.972335
/reference/1ef11bf5-fb98-4f4f-905d-4990936ef52f,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1ef11bf5-fb98-4f4f-905d-4990936ef52f,1ef11bf5-fb98-4f4f-905d-4990936ef52f,,"Ziska, Lewis; Crimmins, Allison; Auclair, Allan; DeGrasse, Stacey; Garofalo, Jada F.; Khan, Ali S.; Loladze, Irakli; Pérez de León, Adalberto A.; Showler, Allan; Thurston, Jeanette; Walls, Isabel",10.7930/J0ZP4417,,,,"Ch. 7: Food safety, nutrition, and distribution",,2016,19379,1ef11bf5-fb98-4f4f-905d-4990936ef52f,"Book Section",/report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/food-safety-nutrition-and-distribution
/reference/21f384a2-0dcf-4c1a-b1c0-add8b0e7506c,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/21f384a2-0dcf-4c1a-b1c0-add8b0e7506c,21f384a2-0dcf-4c1a-b1c0-add8b0e7506c,,"Knowlton, K.
Rotkin-Ellman, M.
Geballe, L.
Max, W.
Solomon, G.M.",10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0229,,0278-2715,"Health Affairs","Six climate change-related events in the United States accounted for about $14 billion in lost lives and health costs",,2011,1545,21f384a2-0dcf-4c1a-b1c0-add8b0e7506c,"Journal Article",/article/10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0229
/reference/228aa11c-d3bb-4307-ada4-d30c60feafed,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/228aa11c-d3bb-4307-ada4-d30c60feafed,228aa11c-d3bb-4307-ada4-d30c60feafed,,"Roth, Marcie",10.1080/00963402.2018.1436808,2018/03/04,0096-3402,"Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists","A resilient community is one that includes and protects everyone",,2018,26110,228aa11c-d3bb-4307-ada4-d30c60feafed,"Journal Article",/article/10.1080/00963402.2018.1436808
/reference/22dc1579-7325-4f43-bac6-949f59609066,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/22dc1579-7325-4f43-bac6-949f59609066,22dc1579-7325-4f43-bac6-949f59609066,,"Medina, Angel; Rodriguez, Alicia; Magan, Naresh",10.3389/fmicb.2014.00348,,1664-302X,"Frontiers in Microbiology","Effect of climate change on Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin B1 production",,2014,16206,22dc1579-7325-4f43-bac6-949f59609066,"Journal Article",/article/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00348
/reference/2312e80f-cec5-445e-aad0-ce60c9ea29e2,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2312e80f-cec5-445e-aad0-ce60c9ea29e2,2312e80f-cec5-445e-aad0-ce60c9ea29e2,,"Jiang, Chengsheng; Shaw, Kristi S.; Upperman, Crystal R.; Blythe, David; Mitchell, Clifford; Murtugudde, Raghu; Sapkota, Amy R.; Sapkota, Amir",10.1016/j.envint.2015.06.006,2015/10/01/,0160-4120,"Environment International","Climate change, extreme events and increased risk of salmonellosis in Maryland, USA: Evidence for coastal vulnerability",,2015,21766,2312e80f-cec5-445e-aad0-ce60c9ea29e2,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/j.envint.2015.06.006
/reference/24e1363e-1ab5-4385-a673-7672704d6da3,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/24e1363e-1ab5-4385-a673-7672704d6da3,24e1363e-1ab5-4385-a673-7672704d6da3,,"Kaplan, Susan; Blair Sadler; Kevin Little; Calvin Franz; Peter  Orris",,,,,"Can sustainable hospitals help bend the health care cost curve?",,2012,24119,24e1363e-1ab5-4385-a673-7672704d6da3,Report,/report/can-sustainable-hospitals-help-bend-health-care-cost-curve
/reference/25a6aed4-2794-45bc-8211-03d093ddc35b,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/25a6aed4-2794-45bc-8211-03d093ddc35b,25a6aed4-2794-45bc-8211-03d093ddc35b,,"Vickery, Jamie; Hunter, Lori M.",10.1080/08941920.2015.1045644,2016/01/02,0894-1920,"Society & Natural Resources","Native Americans: Where in environmental justice research?",,2016,25311,25a6aed4-2794-45bc-8211-03d093ddc35b,"Journal Article",/article/10.1080/08941920.2015.1045644
/reference/25f24b69-e072-4bba-9a18-282938f62190,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/25f24b69-e072-4bba-9a18-282938f62190,25f24b69-e072-4bba-9a18-282938f62190,,"Loladze, Irakli",10.1016/s0169-5347(02)02587-9,,1872-8383,"Trends in Ecology & Evolution","Rising atmospheric CO2 and human nutrition: Toward globally imbalanced plant stoichiometry?",,2002,16202,25f24b69-e072-4bba-9a18-282938f62190,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/s0169-5347(02)02587-9
/reference/28077cd1-c29f-48ae-a068-2cdcef880807,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/28077cd1-c29f-48ae-a068-2cdcef880807,28077cd1-c29f-48ae-a068-2cdcef880807,,"Chapra, Steven C.; Boehlert, Brent; Fant, Charles; Bierman, Victor J.; Henderson, Jim; Mills, David; Mas, Diane M. L.; Rennels, Lisa; Jantarasami, Lesley; Martinich, Jeremy; Strzepek, Kenneth M.; Paerl, Hans W.",10.1021/acs.est.7b01498,2017/08/15,0013-936X,"Environmental Science & Technology","Climate change impacts on harmful algal blooms in U.S. freshwaters: A screening-level assessment",,2017,21473,28077cd1-c29f-48ae-a068-2cdcef880807,"Journal Article",/article/10.1021/acs.est.7b01498
/reference/289728b3-ae8b-417e-920e-96af1a5e64b3,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/289728b3-ae8b-417e-920e-96af1a5e64b3,289728b3-ae8b-417e-920e-96af1a5e64b3,,"Rudolph, Linda; Solange Gould; Jeffrey Berko",,,,,"Climate change, health, and equity: Opportunities for action",,2015,24101,289728b3-ae8b-417e-920e-96af1a5e64b3,Report,/report/climate-change-health-equity-opportunities-action
/reference/2e9e29a1-e420-4d1f-b12b-53ccde149660,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2e9e29a1-e420-4d1f-b12b-53ccde149660,2e9e29a1-e420-4d1f-b12b-53ccde149660,"Climate change threatens the health of urban residents in many ways. This qualitative study aims to understand how six U.S. cities are considering health adaptation when responding to climate change; 65 semistructured interviews were conducted with salient stakeholders across six U.S. cities (Boston, Massachusetts; Los Angeles, California; Portland, Oregon; Raleigh, North Carolina; Tampa, Florida; and Tucson, Arizona), and transcripts were analyzed to identify common themes. Each city’s (or county’s) most recent climate action plan was also analyzed. This study found that interviewees’ ability to understand the connection between climate and health was a major determinant for health adaptation implementation. In addition, institutional fragmentation in governance made it difficult to incorporate health concerns into broader climate planning. However, cross-sectoral collaborations and considerations of health cobenefits were shown to help overcome these barriers. These findings offer valuable insight regarding how policy makers and practitioners can safeguard public health from the effects of climate change.","Shimamoto, Mark M.; Sabrina McCormick",10.1175/wcas-d-16-0142.1,,,"Weather, Climate, and Society","The role of health in urban climate adaptation: An analysis of six U.S. cities",,2017,24082,2e9e29a1-e420-4d1f-b12b-53ccde149660,"Journal Article",/article/10.1175/wcas-d-16-0142.1
/reference/3071bfc6-69ad-40df-9de2-37ffdf8dc58a,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3071bfc6-69ad-40df-9de2-37ffdf8dc58a,3071bfc6-69ad-40df-9de2-37ffdf8dc58a,"Purpose Climate change is an emerging challenge linked to negative outcomes for the environment and human health. Since the 1960s, there has been a growing recognition of the need to address climate change and the impact of greenhouse gas emissions implicated in the warming of our planet. There are also deleterious health outcomes linked to complex climate changes that are emerging in the 21st century. This article addresses the social justice issues associated with climate change and human health and discussion of climate justice. Organizing Construct Discussion paper. Methods A literature search of electronic databases was conducted for articles, texts, and documents related to climate change, climate justice, and human health. Findings The literature suggests that those who contribute least to global warming are those who will disproportionately be affected by the negative health outcomes of climate change. The concept of climate justice and the role of the Mary Robinson Foundation—Climate Justice are discussed within a framework of nursing's professional responsibility and the importance of social justice for the world's people. The nursing profession must take a leadership role in engaging in policy and advocacy discussions in addressing the looming problems associated with climate change. Conclusions Nursing organizations have adopted resolutions and engaged in leadership roles to address climate change at the local, regional, national, and global level. It is essential that nurses embrace concepts related to social justice and engage in the policy debate regarding the deleterious effects on human health related to global warming and climate change. Nursing's commitment to social justice offers an opportunity to offer significant global leadership in addressing the health implications related to climate change. Clinical Relevance Recognizing the negative impacts of climate change on well‐being and the underlying socioeconomic reasons for their disproportionate and inequitable distribution can expand and optimize the profession's role in education, practice, research, and policy‐making efforts to address climate change.","Nicholas, Patrice K.; Suellen Breakey",10.1111/jnu.12326,,,"Journal of Nursing Scholarship","Climate change, climate justice, and environmental health: Implications for the nursing profession",,2017,25316,3071bfc6-69ad-40df-9de2-37ffdf8dc58a,"Journal Article",/article/10.1111/jnu.12326
/reference/310a452b-67cd-458c-8a4d-056dba42ecef,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/310a452b-67cd-458c-8a4d-056dba42ecef,310a452b-67cd-458c-8a4d-056dba42ecef,,"Aldunce, Paulina; Beilin, Ruth; Handmer, John; Howden, Mark",10.1080/17477891.2015.1134427,2016/01/02,1747-7891,"Environmental Hazards","Stakeholder participation in building resilience to disasters in a changing climate",,2016,24147,310a452b-67cd-458c-8a4d-056dba42ecef,"Journal Article",/article/10.1080/17477891.2015.1134427
/reference/349d443c-b692-4b9d-8b1b-a22887a292a7,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/349d443c-b692-4b9d-8b1b-a22887a292a7,349d443c-b692-4b9d-8b1b-a22887a292a7,,"Clayton, Susan; Manning, Christie; Krygsman, Kirra; Speiser, Meighen",,,,,"Mental health and our changing climate: Impacts, implications, and guidance",,2017,23204,349d443c-b692-4b9d-8b1b-a22887a292a7,Report,/report/mental-health-our-changing-climate-impacts-implications-guidance
/reference/35b1782d-ec59-40d5-b051-c5a80e2516e1,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/35b1782d-ec59-40d5-b051-c5a80e2516e1,35b1782d-ec59-40d5-b051-c5a80e2516e1,,"White-Newsome, Jalonne Lynay",10.1080/00064246.2016.1188353,2016/07/02,0006-4246,"The Black Scholar","A policy approach toward climate justice",,2016,24093,35b1782d-ec59-40d5-b051-c5a80e2516e1,"Journal Article",/article/10.1080/00064246.2016.1188353
/reference/3708a23a-9176-4183-8f2b-51bf2f8e430d,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3708a23a-9176-4183-8f2b-51bf2f8e430d,3708a23a-9176-4183-8f2b-51bf2f8e430d,,"Medek, Danielle E.; Joel Schwartz; Samuel S. Myers",10.1289/EHP41,,,"Environmental Health Perspectives","Estimated effects of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations on protein intake and the risk of protein deficiency by country and region",,2017,24110,3708a23a-9176-4183-8f2b-51bf2f8e430d,"Journal Article",/article/10.1289/EHP41
/reference/39f86476-5b69-4807-9280-ac77f7dfe586,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/39f86476-5b69-4807-9280-ac77f7dfe586,39f86476-5b69-4807-9280-ac77f7dfe586,"In winter 2013/14 there was widespread flooding in England. Previous studies have described an increased prevalence of psychological morbidity six months after flooding. Disruption to essential services may increase morbidity however there have been no studies examining whether those experiencing disruption but not directly flooded are affected.","Waite, Thomas David; Chaintarli, Katerina; Beck, Charles R.; Bone, Angie; Amlôt, Richard; Kovats, Sari; Reacher, Mark; Armstrong, Ben; Leonardi, Giovanni; Rubin, G. James; Oliver, Isabel",10.1186/s12889-016-4000-2,"January 28",1471-2458,"BMC Public Health","The English national cohort study of flooding and health: Cross-sectional analysis of mental health outcomes at year one","journal article",2017,24086,39f86476-5b69-4807-9280-ac77f7dfe586,"Journal Article",/article/10.1186/s12889-016-4000-2
/reference/3a785422-a481-4ac7-b3fd-da830619c5bd,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3a785422-a481-4ac7-b3fd-da830619c5bd,3a785422-a481-4ac7-b3fd-da830619c5bd,,"Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo M.; Perkins, T. Alex; Waller, Lance A.; Lloyd, Alun L.; Reiner, Robert C., Jr.; Scott, Thomas W.; Kitron, Uriel",10.1016/j.pt.2016.01.001,,1471-4922,"Trends in Parasitology","Coupled heterogeneities and their impact on parasite transmission and control",,2016,26112,3a785422-a481-4ac7-b3fd-da830619c5bd,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/j.pt.2016.01.001
/reference/3c01e5df-38ae-4fbe-aa99-6727dee4b150,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3c01e5df-38ae-4fbe-aa99-6727dee4b150,3c01e5df-38ae-4fbe-aa99-6727dee4b150,"Campylobacter spp. is a commonly reported food-borne disease with major consequences for morbidity. In conjunction with predicted increases in temperature, proliferation in the survival of microorganisms in hotter environments is expected. This is likely to lead, in turn, to an increase in contamination of food and water and a rise in numbers of cases of infectious gastroenteritis. This study assessed the relationship of Campylobacter spp. with temperature and heatwaves, in Adelaide, South Australia. We estimated the effect of (i) maximum temperature and (ii) heatwaves on daily Campylobacter cases during the warm seasons (1 October to 31 March) from 1990 to 2012 using Poisson regression models. There was no evidence of a substantive effect of maximum temperature per 1 °C rise (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0·995, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0·993–0·997) nor heatwaves (IRR 0·906, 95% CI 0·800–1·026) on Campylobacter cases. In relation to heatwave intensity, which is the daily maximum temperature during a heatwave, notifications decreased by 19% within a temperature range of 39–40·9 °C (IRR 0·811, 95% CI 0·692–0·952). We found little evidence of an increase in risk and lack of association between Campylobacter cases and temperature or heatwaves in the warm seasons. Heatwave intensity may play a role in that notifications decreased with higher temperatures. Further examination of the role of behavioural and environmental factors in an effort to reduce the risk of increased Campylobacter cases is warranted.","Milazzo, A.; Giles, L. C.; Zhang, Y.; Koehler, A. P.; Hiller, J. E.; Bi, P.",10.1017/S095026881700139X,,0950-2688,"Epidemiology and Infection","The effects of ambient temperature and heatwaves on daily Campylobacter cases in Adelaide, Australia, 1990–2012",,2017,25336,3c01e5df-38ae-4fbe-aa99-6727dee4b150,"Journal Article",/article/10.1017/S095026881700139X
/reference/3c3cc09b-c2d7-4c52-bf8f-c064efa78e93,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3c3cc09b-c2d7-4c52-bf8f-c064efa78e93,3c3cc09b-c2d7-4c52-bf8f-c064efa78e93,,"Vogel, Jason; Karen M. Carney; Joel B. Smith; Charles Herrick; Missy Stults; Megan O’Grady; Alexis St. Juliana; Heather Hosterman; Lorine Giangola",,,,,"Climate Adaptation — The State of Practice in U.S. Communities",,2016,22874,3c3cc09b-c2d7-4c52-bf8f-c064efa78e93,Report,/report/climate-adaptation-state-practice-us-communities
/reference/3cb1d1bf-8c3a-4e83-b5ac-2f63af2dba08,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3cb1d1bf-8c3a-4e83-b5ac-2f63af2dba08,3cb1d1bf-8c3a-4e83-b5ac-2f63af2dba08,"The mosquito Aedes (Ae). aegypti transmits the viruses that cause dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever. We investigate how choosing alternate emissions and/or socioeconomic pathways may modulate future human exposure to Ae. aegypti. Occurrence patterns for Ae. aegypti for 2061–2080 are mapped globally using empirically downscaled air temperature and precipitation projections from the Community Earth System Model, for the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. Population growth is quantified using gridded global population projections consistent with two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), SSP3 and SSP5. Change scenarios are compared to a 1950–2000 reference period. A global land area of 56.9 M km2 is climatically suitable for Ae. aegypti during the reference period, and is projected to increase by 8 % (RCP4.5) to 13 % (RCP8.5) by 2061–2080. The annual average number of people exposed globally to Ae. aegypti for the reference period is 3794 M, a value projected to statistically significantly increase by 298–460 M (8–12 %) by 2061–2080 if only climate change is considered, and by 4805–5084 M (127–134 %) for SSP3 and 2232–2483 M (59–65 %) for SSP5 considering both climate and population change (lower and upper values of each range represent RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 respectively). Thus, taking the lower-emissions RCP4.5 pathway instead of RCP8.5 may mitigate future human exposure to Ae. aegypti globally, but the effect of population growth on exposure will likely be larger. Regionally, Australia, Europe and North America are projected to have the largest percentage increases in human exposure to Ae. aegypti considering only climate change.","Monaghan, Andrew J.; Sampson, K. M.; Steinhoff, D. F.; Ernst, K. C.; Ebi, K. L.; Jones, B.; Hayden, M. H.",10.1007/s10584-016-1679-0,"April 25",1573-1480,"Climatic Change","The potential impacts of 21st century climatic and population changes on human exposure to the virus vector mosquito Aedes aegypti","journal article",2016,24108,3cb1d1bf-8c3a-4e83-b5ac-2f63af2dba08,"Journal Article",/article/10.1007/s10584-016-1679-0
/reference/3d08a677-5bfe-4c4f-b062-f61ffd73b4f8,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3d08a677-5bfe-4c4f-b062-f61ffd73b4f8,3d08a677-5bfe-4c4f-b062-f61ffd73b4f8,"Rising global temperatures are causing major physical, chemical, and ecological changes in the planet. There is wide consensus among scientific organizations and climatologists that these broad effects, known as “climate change,” are the result of contemporary human activity. Climate change poses threats to human health, safety, and security, and children are uniquely vulnerable to these threats. The effects of climate change on child health include: physical and psychological sequelae of weather disasters; increased heat stress; decreased air quality; altered disease patterns of some climate-sensitive infections; and food, water, and nutrient insecurity in vulnerable regions. The social foundations of children’s mental and physical health are threatened by the specter of far-reaching effects of unchecked climate change, including community and global instability, mass migrations, and increased conflict. Given this knowledge, failure to take prompt, substantive action would be an act of injustice to all children. A paradigm shift in production and consumption of energy is both a necessity and an opportunity for major innovation, job creation, and significant, immediate associated health benefits. Pediatricians have a uniquely valuable role to play in the societal response to this global challenge.","Ahdoot, Samantha; The Council on Environmental Health,",10.1542/peds.2015-3232,,,Pediatrics,"Global climate change and children’s health",,2015,24148,3d08a677-5bfe-4c4f-b062-f61ffd73b4f8,"Journal Article",/article/10.1542/peds.2015-3232
/reference/3ecbab85-710a-4678-882e-6848c742efe9,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3ecbab85-710a-4678-882e-6848c742efe9,3ecbab85-710a-4678-882e-6848c742efe9,,"Leight, A. K.; Hood, R.; Wood, R.; Brohawn, K.",10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.055,2016/02/01/,0043-1354,"Water Research","Climate relationships to fecal bacterial densities in Maryland shellfish harvest waters",,2016,26106,3ecbab85-710a-4678-882e-6848c742efe9,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.055
/reference/3f083c7b-2e22-43d7-9213-3a090c145bd4,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3f083c7b-2e22-43d7-9213-3a090c145bd4,3f083c7b-2e22-43d7-9213-3a090c145bd4,"Background: Global climate change is expected to increase the risk of diarrhoeal diseases, a leading cause of childhood mortality. However, there is considerable uncertainty about the magnitude of these effects and which populations bear the greatest risks. Methods: We conducted a systematic review using defined search terms across four major databases and, additionally, examined the references of 54 review articles captured by the search. We evaluated sources of heterogeneity by pathogen taxon, exposure measure, study quality, country income level and regional climate, and estimated pooled effect estimates for the subgroups identified in the heterogeneity analysis, using meta-analysis methods. Results: We identified 26 studies with 49 estimates. Pathogen taxa were a source of heterogeneity. There was a positive association between ambient temperature and all-cause diarrhoea (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03, 1.10) and bacterial diarrhoea (IRR 1.07; 95% CI 1.04, 1.10), but not viral diarrhoea (IRR 0.96; 95% CI 0.82, 1.11). These associations were observed in low-, middle- and high-income countries. Only one study of protozoan diarrhoea was identified. Conclusions: Changes in temperature due to global climate change can and may already be affecting diarrhoeal disease incidence. The vulnerability of populations may depend, in part, on local pathogen distribution. However, evidence of publication bias and the uneven geographical distribution of studies limit the precision and generalizability of the pooled estimates.","Carlton, Elizabeth J.; Woster, Andrew P.; DeWitt, Peter; Goldstein, Rebecca S.; Levy, Karen",10.1093/ije/dyv296,,0300-5771,"International Journal of Epidemiology","A systematic review and meta-analysis of ambient temperature and diarrhoeal diseases",,2016,26099,3f083c7b-2e22-43d7-9213-3a090c145bd4,"Journal Article",/article/10.1093/ije/dyv296
/reference/409668a7-2e7b-461b-953a-ac0d6fb90725,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/409668a7-2e7b-461b-953a-ac0d6fb90725,409668a7-2e7b-461b-953a-ac0d6fb90725,,"Perera, Frederica P.",10.1289/EHP299,,,"Environmental Health Perspectives","Multiple threats to child health from fossil fuel combustion: Impacts of air pollution and climate change",,2017,24102,409668a7-2e7b-461b-953a-ac0d6fb90725,"Journal Article",/article/10.1289/EHP299
/reference/42905968-c431-4930-a802-ae5e3647d665,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/42905968-c431-4930-a802-ae5e3647d665,42905968-c431-4930-a802-ae5e3647d665,"Predictions of intense heat waves across the United States will lead to localized health impacts, most of which are preventable. There is a need to better understand the spatial variation in the morbidity impacts associated with extreme heat across the country to prevent such adverse health outcomes.","Saha, Shubhayu; Brock, John W.; Vaidyanathan, Ambarish; Easterling, David R.; Luber, George",10.1186/s12940-015-0005-z,"March 04",1476-069X,"Environmental Health","Spatial variation in hyperthermia emergency department visits among those with employer-based insurance in the United States – a case-crossover analysis","journal article",2015,24100,42905968-c431-4930-a802-ae5e3647d665,"Journal Article",/article/10.1186/s12940-015-0005-z
/reference/4308e866-5976-4181-8102-24b521ff4033,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4308e866-5976-4181-8102-24b521ff4033,4308e866-5976-4181-8102-24b521ff4033,,"Belova, Anna; David Mills; Ronald Hall; Alexis St. Juliana; Allison Crimmins; Chris Barker; Russell Jones",10.4236/ajcc.2017.61010,,,"American Journal of Climate Change","Impacts of increasing temperature on the future incidence of West Nile neuroinvasive disease in the United States",,2017,23725,4308e866-5976-4181-8102-24b521ff4033,"Journal Article",/article/10.4236/ajcc.2017.61010
/reference/4347eda8-3db1-4eea-8adc-bbb079fd648f,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4347eda8-3db1-4eea-8adc-bbb079fd648f,4347eda8-3db1-4eea-8adc-bbb079fd648f,,"Shepard, Peggy M.; Corbin-Mark, Cecil",10.1089/env.2009.2402,2009/12/01,1939-4071,"Environmental Justice","Climate justice",,2009,24098,4347eda8-3db1-4eea-8adc-bbb079fd648f,"Journal Article",/article/10.1089/env.2009.2402
/reference/45928b21-d49d-4571-878e-3a36167b51a9,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/45928b21-d49d-4571-878e-3a36167b51a9,45928b21-d49d-4571-878e-3a36167b51a9,,"Executive Office of the President,",,"November 1",,,"Fact Sheet: Executive Order on Climate Preparedness",,2013,26685,45928b21-d49d-4571-878e-3a36167b51a9,Report,/report/fact-sheet-executive-order-on-climate-preparedness
/reference/46f2571e-7661-4163-9178-bee1d153a827,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/46f2571e-7661-4163-9178-bee1d153a827,46f2571e-7661-4163-9178-bee1d153a827,,"Ebi, Kristie L.; Teisberg, Thomas J.; Kalkstein, Laurence S.; Robinson, Lawrence; Weiher, Rodney F.",10.1175/bams-85-8-1067,,1520-0477,"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","Heat watch/warning systems save lives: Estimated costs and benefits for Philadelphia 1995–98",,2004,17593,46f2571e-7661-4163-9178-bee1d153a827,"Journal Article",/article/10.1175/bams-85-8-1067
/reference/4a20c891-eaac-49c6-ab6a-2ba06b3b1500,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4a20c891-eaac-49c6-ab6a-2ba06b3b1500,4a20c891-eaac-49c6-ab6a-2ba06b3b1500,,"Paerl, Hans W.",10.3390/life4040988,,2075-1729,Life,"Mitigating harmful cyanobacterial blooms in a human- and climatically-impacted world",,2014,24078,4a20c891-eaac-49c6-ab6a-2ba06b3b1500,"Journal Article",/article/10.3390/life4040988
/reference/500125b7-cabe-43b3-bc8b-08cb5e6938c8,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/500125b7-cabe-43b3-bc8b-08cb5e6938c8,500125b7-cabe-43b3-bc8b-08cb5e6938c8,,"Springer, Yuri P.; Jarnevich, Catherine S.; Barnett, David T.; Monaghan, Andrew J.; Eisen, Rebecca J.",10.4269/ajtmh.15-0330,,,"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","Modeling the present and future geographic distribution of the Lone Star tick, Amblyomma americanum (Ixodida: Ixodidae), in the continental United States",,2015,24083,500125b7-cabe-43b3-bc8b-08cb5e6938c8,"Journal Article",/article/10.4269/ajtmh.15-0330
/reference/500f3756-66d0-4ff2-be29-5d3dab373b30,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/500f3756-66d0-4ff2-be29-5d3dab373b30,500f3756-66d0-4ff2-be29-5d3dab373b30,,"Smith, K. R.; Woodward, A.; Campbell-Lendrum, D.; Chadee, D. D.; Honda, Y.; Liu, Q.; Olwoch, J. M.; Revich, B.; Sauerborn, R.",,,,,"Human health: Impacts, adaptation, and co-benefits",,2014,17668,500f3756-66d0-4ff2-be29-5d3dab373b30,"Book Section",/report/ipcc-ar5-wg2-parta/chapter/wg2-ar5-chap11-final
/reference/533454f2-efc5-4c80-9ace-318efeed90c5,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/533454f2-efc5-4c80-9ace-318efeed90c5,533454f2-efc5-4c80-9ace-318efeed90c5,,"Baker-Austin, Craig; Trinanes, Joaquin; Gonzalez-Escalona, Narjol; Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime",10.1016/j.tim.2016.09.008,2017/01/01/,0966-842X,"Trends in Microbiology","Non-cholera vibrios: The microbial barometer of climate change",,2017,25333,533454f2-efc5-4c80-9ace-318efeed90c5,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/j.tim.2016.09.008
/reference/54a66159-1675-43bb-b5d3-a9b7f283e4de,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/54a66159-1675-43bb-b5d3-a9b7f283e4de,54a66159-1675-43bb-b5d3-a9b7f283e4de,,"Fann, Neal; Nolte, Christopher G.; Dolwick, Patrick; Spero, Tanya L.; Curry Brown, Amanda; Phillips, Sharon; Anenberg, Susan",10.1080/10962247.2014.996270,,2162-2906,"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","The geographic distribution and economic value of climate change-related ozone health impacts in the United States in 2030",,2015,16106,54a66159-1675-43bb-b5d3-a9b7f283e4de,"Journal Article",/article/10.1080/10962247.2014.996270
/reference/59119e0c-4e96-43ef-bf05-c83f03ece16b,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/59119e0c-4e96-43ef-bf05-c83f03ece16b,59119e0c-4e96-43ef-bf05-c83f03ece16b,,"Pacyna, Jozef M.; Cousins, Ian T.; Halsall, Crispin; Rautio, Arja; Pawlak, Janet; Pacyna, Elisabeth G.; Sundseth, Kyrre; Wilson, Simon; Munthe, John",10.1016/j.envsci.2015.02.010,2015/06/01/,1462-9011,"Environmental Science & Policy","Impacts on human health in the Arctic owing to climate-induced changes in contaminant cycling — The EU ArcRisk project policy outcome",,2015,24103,59119e0c-4e96-43ef-bf05-c83f03ece16b,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/j.envsci.2015.02.010
/reference/59a0a3c9-1495-4680-a47d-829b2bb636d4,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/59a0a3c9-1495-4680-a47d-829b2bb636d4,59a0a3c9-1495-4680-a47d-829b2bb636d4,,"Aziz, Ramy K.; Khalifa, Mohammed M.; Sharaf, Radwa R.",10.1016/j.jare.2013.07.007,2015/07/01/,2090-1232,"Journal of Advanced Research","Contaminated water as a source of Helicobacter pylori infection: A review",,2015,24144,59a0a3c9-1495-4680-a47d-829b2bb636d4,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/j.jare.2013.07.007
/reference/5a3645b9-d9eb-47de-95fa-3c30ee007f1d,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5a3645b9-d9eb-47de-95fa-3c30ee007f1d,5a3645b9-d9eb-47de-95fa-3c30ee007f1d,"Background There is emerging evidence that people affected by flooding suffer adverse impacts on their mental well-being, mostly based on self-reports.Methods We examined prescription records for drugs used in the management of common mental disorder among primary care practices located in the vicinity of recent large flood events in England, 2011–2014. A controlled interrupted time series analysis was conducted of the number of prescribing items for antidepressant drugs in the year before and after the flood onset. Pre–post changes were compared by distance of the practice from the inundated boundaries among 930 practices located within 10 km of a flood.Results After control for deprivation and population density, there was an increase of 0.59% (95% CI 0.24 to 0.94) prescriptions in the postflood year among practices located within 1 km of a flood over and above the change observed in the furthest distance band. The increase was greater in more deprived areas.Conclusions This study suggests an increase in prescribed antidepressant drugs in the year after flooding in primary care practices close to recent major floods in England. The degree to which the increase is actually concentrated in those flooded can only be determined by more detailed linkage studies.","Milojevic, Ai; Armstrong, Ben; Wilkinson, Paul",10.1136/jech-2017-208899,,,"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","Mental health impacts of flooding: A controlled interrupted time series analysis of prescribing data in England",,2017,25318,5a3645b9-d9eb-47de-95fa-3c30ee007f1d,"Journal Article",/article/10.1136/jech-2017-208899
/reference/5b4253b9-b385-4f2f-baa3-cba68ec4376c,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5b4253b9-b385-4f2f-baa3-cba68ec4376c,5b4253b9-b385-4f2f-baa3-cba68ec4376c,,"Lloyd, S.J.
Kovats, R.S.
Chalabi, Z.",10.1289/ehp.1003311,,,"Environmental Health Perspectives","Climate change, crop yields, and undernutrition: Development of a model to quantify the impact of climate scenarios on child undernutrition",,2011,336,5b4253b9-b385-4f2f-baa3-cba68ec4376c,"Journal Article",/article/10.1289/ehp.1003311
/reference/5b754441-464c-49fd-90e8-c184fc2ba1f5,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5b754441-464c-49fd-90e8-c184fc2ba1f5,5b754441-464c-49fd-90e8-c184fc2ba1f5,,"Norton-Smith, Kathryn; Kathy Lynn; Karletta Chief; Karen Cozzetto; Jamie Donatuto; Margaret Hiza Redsteer; Linda E. Kruger; Julie Maldonado; Carson Viles; Kyle P. Whyte",,,,,"Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples: A Synthesis of Current Impacts and Experiences",,2016,21324,5b754441-464c-49fd-90e8-c184fc2ba1f5,Report,/report/climate-change-indigenous-peoples-synthesis-current-impacts-experiences
/reference/5d64215d-ed74-4268-93c0-defdcfa2d5e1,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5d64215d-ed74-4268-93c0-defdcfa2d5e1,5d64215d-ed74-4268-93c0-defdcfa2d5e1,"Extreme heat (EH) is a growing concern with climate change, and protecting human health requires knowledge of vulnerability factors. We evaluated whether associations between EH (maximum temperature > 97th percentile) and hospitalization for renal, heat and respiratory diseases among people > 65 years differed by individual and area-level characteristics. We used Medicare billing records, airport weather data, U.S. Census data and satellite land cover imagery in 109 US cities, May-September, 1992-2006, in a time-stratified case-crossover design. Interaction terms between EH and individual (> 78 years, black race, sex) and home ZIP-code (percentages of non-green space, high school education, housing built before 1940) characteristics were incorporated in a single model. Next, we pooled city-specific effect estimates or regressed them on quartiles of air conditioning prevalence (ACP) in a multivariate random effects meta-analysis. EH and combined renal/heat/respiratory hospitalization associations were stronger among blacks, the very old, in ZIP codes with lower educational attainment or older housing and in cities with lower ACP. For example, for EH versus non-heat days, we found a 15% (95% CI 11%-19%) increase in renal/heat/respiratory hospitalizations among individuals in ZIP codes with higher percent of older homes in contrast to a 9% (95% CI 6%-12%) increase in hospitalizations in ZIP codes with lower percent older homes. Vulnerability to EH-associated hospitalization may be influenced by age, educational attainment, housing age and ACP.","Gronlund, Carina J.; Zanobetti, Antonella; Wellenius, Gregory A.; Schwartz, Joel D.; O’Neill, Marie S.",10.1007/s10584-016-1638-9,"June 01",1573-1480,"Climatic Change","Vulnerability to renal, heat and respiratory hospitalizations during extreme heat among U.S. elderly","journal article",2016,21820,5d64215d-ed74-4268-93c0-defdcfa2d5e1,"Journal Article",/article/10.1007/s10584-016-1638-9
/reference/5e7c131d-ae7e-41e0-a707-a85d72218947,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5e7c131d-ae7e-41e0-a707-a85d72218947,5e7c131d-ae7e-41e0-a707-a85d72218947,"This paper examines how the cost-effectiveness of IRS varies depending on the severity of transmission and level of programme coverage and how efficiency could be improved by incorporating climate information into decision making for malaria control programmes as part of an integrated Malaria Early Warning and Response System (MEWS).","Worrall, Eve; Connor, Stephen J.; Thomson, Madeleine C.",10.1186/1475-2875-7-263,"December 24",1475-2875,"Malaria Journal","Improving the cost-effectiveness of IRS with climate informed health surveillance systems","journal article",2008,24087,5e7c131d-ae7e-41e0-a707-a85d72218947,"Journal Article",/article/10.1186/1475-2875-7-263
/reference/5ff5038a-349a-475c-a353-fd32d6907788,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5ff5038a-349a-475c-a353-fd32d6907788,5ff5038a-349a-475c-a353-fd32d6907788,"Introduction On October 29, 2012, Hurricane Sandy touched down in New York City (NYC; New York USA) causing massive destruction, paralyzing the city, and destroying lives. Research has shown that considerable damage and loss of life can be averted in at-risk areas from advanced preparation in communication procedures, evacuation planning, and resource allocation. However, research is limited in describing how natural disasters of this magnitude affect emergency departments (EDs). Hypothesis/Problem The aim of this study was to identify and describe trends in patient volume and demographics, and types of conditions treated, as a result of Hurricane Sandy at Staten Island University Hospital North (SIUH-N; Staten Island, New York USA) site ED. Methods A retrospective chart review of patients presenting to SIUH-N in the days surrounding the storm, October 26, 2012 through November 2, 2012, was completed. Data were compared to the same week of the year prior, October 28, 2011 through November 4, 2011. Daily census, patient age, gender, admission rates, mode of arrival, and diagnoses in the days surrounding the storm were observed. Results A significant decline in patient volume was found in all age ranges on the day of landfall (Day 0) with a census of 114; -55% compared to 2011. The daily volume exhibited a precipitous drop on the days preceding the storm followed by a return to usual volumes shortly after. A notably larger percentage of patients were seen for medication refills in 2012; 5.8% versus 0.4% (PPP A large decline in admissions was observed in the days prior to the storm, with a nadir on Day +1 at five percent (-22%). Review of admitted patients revealed atypical admissions for home care service such as need for supplemental oxygen or ventilator. In addition, a drop in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) utilization was seen on Days 0 and +1. The SIUH-N typically sees 18% of patients arriving via EMS. On Day +1, only two percent of patients arrived by ambulance. Conclusion The daily ED census saw a significant decline in the days preceding the storm. In addition, the type of conditions treated varied from baseline, and a considerable drop in hospital admissions was seen. Data such as these presented here can help make predictions for future scenarios. Greenstein J , Chacko J , Ardolic B , Berwald N . Impact of Hurricane Sandy on the Staten Island University Hospital Emergency Department. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(3):335–339.","Greenstein, Josh; Chacko, Jerel; Ardolic, Brahim; Berwald, Nicole",10.1017/S1049023X16000261,,1049-023X,"Prehospital and Disaster Medicine","Impact of Hurricane Sandy on the Staten Island University Hospital Emergency Department",,2016,24123,5ff5038a-349a-475c-a353-fd32d6907788,"Journal Article",/article/10.1017/S1049023X16000261
/reference/61e41988-b106-41e4-9157-3a469503fd5f,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/61e41988-b106-41e4-9157-3a469503fd5f,61e41988-b106-41e4-9157-3a469503fd5f,"ObjectiveWe examined the relationship of probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), probable depression, and increased alcohol and/or tobacco use to disaster exposure and work demand in Florida Department of Health workers after the 2004 hurricanes.MethodsParticipants (N = 2249) completed electronic questionnaires assessing PTSD, depression, alcohol and tobacco use, hurricane exposure, and work demand.ResultsTotal mental and behavioral health burden (probable PTSD, probable depression, increased alcohol and/or tobacco use) was 11%. More than 4% had probable PTSD, and 3.8% had probable depression. Among those with probable PTSD, 29.2% had increased alcohol use, and 50% had increased tobacco use. Among those with probable depression, 34% indicated increased alcohol use and 55.6% increased tobacco use. Workers with greater exposure were more likely to have probable PTSD and probable depression (ORs = 3.3 and 3.06, respectively). After adjusting for demographics and work demand, those with high exposure were more likely to have probable PTSD and probable depression (ORs = 3.21 and 3.13). Those with high exposure had increased alcohol and tobacco use (ORs = 3.01 and 3.40), and those with high work demand indicated increased alcohol and tobacco use (ORs = 1.98 and 2.10). High exposure and work demand predicted increased alcohol and tobacco use, after adjusting for demographics, work demand, and exposure.ConclusionsWork-related disaster mental and behavioral health burden indicate the need for additional mental health interventions in the public health disaster workforce.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:89-95)","Fullerton, Carol S.; McKibben, Jodi B. A.; Reissman, Dori B.; Scharf, Ted; Kowalski-Trakofler, Kathleen M.; Shultz, James M.; Ursano, Robert J.",10.1017/dmp.2013.6,,1935-7893,"Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness","Posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and alcohol and tobacco use in public health workers after the 2004 Florida hurricanes",,2013,24061,61e41988-b106-41e4-9157-3a469503fd5f,"Journal Article",/article/10.1017/dmp.2013.6
/reference/62152261-5dbb-4723-9506-ef63053863dd,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/62152261-5dbb-4723-9506-ef63053863dd,62152261-5dbb-4723-9506-ef63053863dd,,"Dunne, John P.; Stouffer, Ronald J.; John, Jasmin G.",10.1038/nclimate1827,,1758-6798,"Nature Climate Change","Reductions in labour capacity from heat stress under climate warming",,2013,18846,62152261-5dbb-4723-9506-ef63053863dd,"Journal Article",/article/10.1038/nclimate1827
/reference/646126e1-2c39-4498-891f-a7d36d902899,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/646126e1-2c39-4498-891f-a7d36d902899,646126e1-2c39-4498-891f-a7d36d902899,"Great progress has been made in addressing global undernutrition over the past several decades, in part because of large increases in food production from agricultural expansion and intensification. Food systems, however, face continued increases in demand and growing environmental pressures. Most prominently, human-caused climate change will influence the quality and quantity of food we produce and our ability to distribute it equitably. Our capacity to ensure food security and nutritional adequacy in the face of rapidly changing biophysical conditions will be a major determinant of the next century's global burden of disease. In this article, we review the main pathways by which climate change may affect our food production systems—agriculture, fisheries, and livestock—as well as the socioeconomic forces that may influence equitable distribution.","Myers, Samuel S.; Matthew R. Smith; Sarah Guth; Christopher D. Golden; Bapu Vaitla; Nathaniel D. Mueller; Alan D. Dangour; Peter Huybers",10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044356,,,"Annual Review of Public Health","Climate change and global food systems: Potential impacts on food security and undernutrition",,2017,23236,646126e1-2c39-4498-891f-a7d36d902899,"Journal Article",/article/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044356
/reference/6507ef2b-a68a-420c-9aac-cd1d5c0fc210,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/6507ef2b-a68a-420c-9aac-cd1d5c0fc210,6507ef2b-a68a-420c-9aac-cd1d5c0fc210,,"National Hurricane Center,",,,,,"National Storm Surge Hazard Maps — Version 2	",,2018,26115,6507ef2b-a68a-420c-9aac-cd1d5c0fc210,"Web Page",/webpage/2f00e09b-83f3-4f97-b888-26e90d28a0be
/reference/6b118a80-8335-4c02-91cf-762c8bb14301,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/6b118a80-8335-4c02-91cf-762c8bb14301,6b118a80-8335-4c02-91cf-762c8bb14301,,"Balbus, John; Crimmins, Allison; Gamble, Janet L.; Easterling, David R.; Kunkel, Kenneth E.; Saha, Shubhayu; Sarofim, Marcus C.",10.7930/J0VX0DFW,,,,"Ch. 1: Introduction: Climate change and human health",,2016,19373,6b118a80-8335-4c02-91cf-762c8bb14301,"Book Section",/report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/climate-change-and-human-health
/reference/6b22a163-b918-48bf-993f-32e61712a455,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/6b22a163-b918-48bf-993f-32e61712a455,6b22a163-b918-48bf-993f-32e61712a455,,"Dodgen, Daniel; Donato, Darrin; Kelly, Nancy; La Greca, Annette; Morganstein, Joshua; Reser, Joseph; Ruzek, Josef; Schweitzer, Shulamit; Shimamoto, Mark M.; Thigpen Tart, Kimberly; Ursano, Robert",10.7930/J0TX3C9H,,,,"Ch. 8: Mental health and well-being",,2016,19380,6b22a163-b918-48bf-993f-32e61712a455,"Book Section",/report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/mental-health-and-well-being
/reference/6bed1f1c-2255-4414-ab05-23ab6a18b198,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/6bed1f1c-2255-4414-ab05-23ab6a18b198,6bed1f1c-2255-4414-ab05-23ab6a18b198,,"Hixson, Stefanie M.; Arts, Michael T.",10.1111/gcb.13295,,1365-2486,"Global Change Biology","Climate warming is predicted to reduce omega-3, long-chain, polyunsaturated fatty acid production in phytoplankton",,2016,24121,6bed1f1c-2255-4414-ab05-23ab6a18b198,"Journal Article",/article/10.1111/gcb.13295
/reference/6e83fde3-5f98-4fd1-ae2c-d11aced414ac,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/6e83fde3-5f98-4fd1-ae2c-d11aced414ac,6e83fde3-5f98-4fd1-ae2c-d11aced414ac,,"Gordon, Kate; the Risky Business Project,",,,,,"The economic risks of climate change in the United States : A climate risk assessment for the United States",,2014,23096,6e83fde3-5f98-4fd1-ae2c-d11aced414ac,Report,/report/riskybusiness-2014
/reference/6ff73ba2-786f-45c7-8831-28601a554ff7,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/6ff73ba2-786f-45c7-8831-28601a554ff7,6ff73ba2-786f-45c7-8831-28601a554ff7,,"Davidson, Keith; Gowen, Richard J.; Harrison, Paul J.; Fleming, Lora E.; Hoagland, Porter; Moschonas, Grigorios",10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.002,2014/12/15/,0301-4797,"Journal of Environmental Management","Anthropogenic nutrients and harmful algae in coastal waters",,2014,24057,6ff73ba2-786f-45c7-8831-28601a554ff7,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.002
/reference/6ffe484d-3eb7-494b-ad4c-678657585f98,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/6ffe484d-3eb7-494b-ad4c-678657585f98,6ffe484d-3eb7-494b-ad4c-678657585f98,"Louisiana faces extensive coastal land loss which threatens the livelihoods of marginalized populations. These groups have endured extreme disruptive events in the past and have survived in the region by relying on several resilient practices, including mobility. Facing environmental changes that will be wrought by deliberate coastal restoration programs, elderly residents are resisting migration while younger residents continue a decades-long inland migration. Interviews and historical records illustrate a complex intersection of resilient practices and environmental migration. The process underway conflicts to some extent with prevailing concepts in environmental migration, most notably deviating from established migration patterns. In terms of social justice, selective out-migration of younger adults leaves a more vulnerable population behind, but also provides a supplementary source of income and social links to inland locales. Organized resistance to restoration projects represents a social justice response to programs that threaten the resource-based livelihoods of coastal residents while offering protection to safer inland urban residents.","Colten, Craig E.; Simms, Jessica R. Z.; Grismore, Audrey A.; Hemmerling, Scott A.",10.1007/s10113-017-1115-7,"February 01",1436-378X,"Regional Environmental Change","Social justice and mobility in coastal Louisiana, USA","journal article",2018,25330,6ffe484d-3eb7-494b-ad4c-678657585f98,"Journal Article",/article/10.1007/s10113-017-1115-7
/reference/71197580-c1b9-4d22-85c4-ce84fecce1f8,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/71197580-c1b9-4d22-85c4-ce84fecce1f8,71197580-c1b9-4d22-85c4-ce84fecce1f8,,"Lowe, Dianne; Ebi, Kristie L.; Forsberg, Bertil",10.3390/ijerph8124623,,1660-4601,"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","Heatwave early warning systems and adaptation advice to reduce human health consequences of heatwaves",,2011,24075,71197580-c1b9-4d22-85c4-ce84fecce1f8,"Journal Article",/article/10.3390/ijerph8124623
/reference/733c8418-ec60-42e0-b256-9800ba3816c4,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/733c8418-ec60-42e0-b256-9800ba3816c4,733c8418-ec60-42e0-b256-9800ba3816c4,"It is now recognized that climate change affects human health. The question is how to adapt. This article examines mainstreaming climate considerations into public health programs and the utility of climate change and health adaptation frameworks, using Ontario, Canada, as a case study.","Clarke, Kaila-Lea; Berry, Peter",10.1007/s00038-011-0292-2,"February 01",1661-8564,"International Journal of Public Health","From theory to practice: A Canadian case study of the utility of climate change adaptation frameworks to address health impacts","journal article",2012,26101,733c8418-ec60-42e0-b256-9800ba3816c4,"Journal Article",/article/10.1007/s00038-011-0292-2
/reference/736eb62c-3f9f-48fc-b7d0-189ff408aef2,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/736eb62c-3f9f-48fc-b7d0-189ff408aef2,736eb62c-3f9f-48fc-b7d0-189ff408aef2,"This study estimates the predicted impact of climate change on levels of violence in a sample of 57 countries. We sample western and non-western countries and perform a multilevel ARFIMA regression to examine if warmer temperatures are associated with higher levels of homicide. Our results indicate that each degree Celsius increase in annual temperatures is associated with a nearly 6 % average increase in homicides. Regional variation in this predicted effect is detected, for example, with no apparent effects in former Soviet countries and far stronger effects found in Africa. Such variation indicates that climate change may acutely increase violence in areas that already are affected by higher levels of homicides and other social dislocations.","Mares, Dennis M.; Moffett, Kenneth W.",10.1007/s10584-015-1566-0,"March 01",1573-1480,"Climatic Change","Climate change and interpersonal violence: A “global” estimate and regional inequities","journal article",2016,24076,736eb62c-3f9f-48fc-b7d0-189ff408aef2,"Journal Article",/article/10.1007/s10584-015-1566-0
/reference/738c9d34-efbc-4759-b302-f40c5a14a50a,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/738c9d34-efbc-4759-b302-f40c5a14a50a,738c9d34-efbc-4759-b302-f40c5a14a50a,,"Butterworth, Melinda K.; Cory W. Morin; Andrew C. Comrie",10.1289/EHP218,,,"Environmental Health Perspectives","An analysis of the potential impact of climate change on dengue transmission in the southeastern United States",,2017,23242,738c9d34-efbc-4759-b302-f40c5a14a50a,"Journal Article",/article/10.1289/EHP218
/reference/75cf1c0b-cc62-4ca4-96a7-082afdfe2ab1,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/75cf1c0b-cc62-4ca4-96a7-082afdfe2ab1,75cf1c0b-cc62-4ca4-96a7-082afdfe2ab1,,USGCRP,10.7930/J0J964J6,,,,"Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I",,2017,21557,75cf1c0b-cc62-4ca4-96a7-082afdfe2ab1,Report,/report/climate-science-special-report
/reference/7712dc94-0747-4c73-a495-585339265544,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7712dc94-0747-4c73-a495-585339265544,7712dc94-0747-4c73-a495-585339265544,,"Bogoch, Isaac I.; Brady, Oliver J.; Kraemer, Moritz U. G.; German, Matthew; Creatore, Marisa I.; Kulkarni, Manisha A.; Brownstein, John S.; Mekaru, Sumiko R.; Hay, Simon I.; Groot, Emily; Watts, Alexander; Khan, Kamran",10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00080-5,,0140-6736,"The Lancet","Anticipating the international spread of Zika virus from Brazil",,2016,24136,7712dc94-0747-4c73-a495-585339265544,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00080-5
/reference/7843babb-2cfa-47fd-9a27-55bc426e22af,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7843babb-2cfa-47fd-9a27-55bc426e22af,7843babb-2cfa-47fd-9a27-55bc426e22af,"Although the global climate is changing at an unprecedented rate, links between weather and infectious disease have received little attention in high income countries. The “El Niño Southern Oscillation” (ENSO) occurs irregularly and is associated with changing temperature and precipitation patterns. We studied the impact of ENSO on infectious diseases in four census regions in the United States. We evaluated infectious diseases requiring hospitalization using the US National Hospital Discharge Survey (1970–2010) and five disease groupings that may undergo epidemiological shifts with changing climate: (i) vector-borne diseases, (ii) pneumonia and influenza, (iii) enteric disease, (iv) zoonotic bacterial disease, and (v) fungal disease. ENSO exposure was based on the Multivariate ENSO Index. Distributed lag models, with adjustment for seasonal oscillation and long-term trends, were used to evaluate the impact of ENSO on disease incidence over lags of up to 12 mo. ENSO was associated more with vector-borne disease [relative risk (RR) 2.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–8.48] and less with enteric disease (0.73, 95% CI 0.62–0.87) in the Western region; the increase in vector-borne disease was attributable to increased risk of rickettsioses and tick-borne infectious diseases. By contrast, ENSO was associated with more enteric disease in non-Western regions (RR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02–1.15). The periodic nature of ENSO may make it a useful natural experiment for evaluation of the impact of climatic shifts on infectious disease risk. The impact of ENSO suggests that warmer temperatures and extreme variation in precipitation events influence risks of vector-borne and enteric disease in the United States.","Fisman, David N.; Tuite, Ashleigh R.; Brown, Kevin A.",10.1073/pnas.1604980113,"December 20, 2016",,"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","Impact of El Niño Southern Oscillation on infectious disease hospitalization risk in the United States",,2016,24127,7843babb-2cfa-47fd-9a27-55bc426e22af,"Journal Article",/article/10.1073/pnas.1604980113
/reference/78a7d4c7-a6f8-4929-9f5f-de9a04239262,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/78a7d4c7-a6f8-4929-9f5f-de9a04239262,78a7d4c7-a6f8-4929-9f5f-de9a04239262,"Background The river Göta Älv is a source of freshwater for the City of Gothenburg, Sweden, and we recently identified a clear influence of upstream precipitation on concentrations of indicator bacteria in the river water, as well as an association with the daily number of phone calls to the nurse advice line related to acute gastrointestinal illnesses (AGI calls). This study aimed to examine visits to primary health-care centers owing to similar symptoms (AGI visits) in the same area, to explore associations with precipitation, and to compare variability in AGI visits and AGI calls. Methods We obtained data covering six years (2007–2012) of daily AGI visits and studied their association with prior precipitation (0–28 days) using a distributed lag nonlinear Poisson regression model, adjusting for seasonal patterns and covariates. In addition, we studied the effects of prolonged wet and dry weather on AGI visits. We analyzed lagged short-term relations between AGI visits and AGI calls, and we studied differences in their seasonal patterns using a binomial regression model. Results The study period saw a total of 17,030 AGI visits, and the number of daily visits decreased on days when precipitation occurred. However, prolonged wet weather was associated with an elevated number of AGI visits. Differences in seasonality patterns were observed between AGI visits and AGI calls, as visits were relatively less frequent during winter and relatively more frequent in August, and only weak short-term relations were found. Conclusion AGI visits and AGI calls seems to partly reflect different types of AGI illnesses, and the patients’ choice of medical contact (in-person visits versus phone calls) appears to depend on current weather conditions. An association between prolonged wet weather and increased AGI visits supports the hypothesis that the drinking water is related to an increased risk of AGI illnesses.","Tornevi, Andreas; Barregård, Lars; Forsberg, Bertil",10.1371/journal.pone.0128487,,,"PLOS ONE","Precipitation and primary health care visits for gastrointestinal illness in Gothenburg, Sweden",,2015,24085,78a7d4c7-a6f8-4929-9f5f-de9a04239262,"Journal Article",/article/10.1371/journal.pone.0128487
/reference/79043307-9170-4454-ab9b-5ae2398b3a0b,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/79043307-9170-4454-ab9b-5ae2398b3a0b,79043307-9170-4454-ab9b-5ae2398b3a0b,"The human-pathogenic marine bacteria Vibrio vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus are strongly correlated with water temperature, with concentrations increasing as waters warm seasonally. Both of these bacteria can be concentrated in filter-feeding shellfish, especially oysters. Because oysters are often consumed raw, this exposes people to large doses of potentially harmful bacteria. Various models are used to predict the abundance of these bacteria in oysters, which guide shellfish harvest policy meant to reduce human health risk. Vibrio abundance and behaviour varies from site to site, suggesting that location-specific studies are needed to establish targeted risk reduction strategies. Moreover, virulence potential, rather than simple abundance, should be also be included in future modeling efforts.","Froelich, Brett A.; Noble, Rachel T.",10.1098/rstb.2015.0209,,,"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","Vibrio bacteria in raw oysters: Managing risks to human health",,2016,26104,79043307-9170-4454-ab9b-5ae2398b3a0b,"Journal Article",/article/10.1098/rstb.2015.0209
/reference/7d3e5952-49fd-4e34-bf11-a6f4dff67180,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7d3e5952-49fd-4e34-bf11-a6f4dff67180,7d3e5952-49fd-4e34-bf11-a6f4dff67180,,"Mellor, Jonathan E.; Levy, Karen; Zimmerman, Julie; Elliott, Mark; Bartram, Jamie; Carlton, Elizabeth; Clasen, Thomas; Dillingham, Rebecca; Eisenberg, Joseph; Guerrant, Richard; Lantagne, Daniele; Mihelcic, James; Nelson, Kara",10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.087,2016/04/01/,0048-9697,"Science of The Total Environment","Planning for climate change: The need for mechanistic systems-based approaches to study climate change impacts on diarrheal diseases",,2016,26108,7d3e5952-49fd-4e34-bf11-a6f4dff67180,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.087
/reference/7e120c1f-a9c0-4328-97a1-08650f861f79,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7e120c1f-a9c0-4328-97a1-08650f861f79,7e120c1f-a9c0-4328-97a1-08650f861f79,,"Petitti, Diana B.; Hondula, David M.; Yang, Shuo; Harlan, Sharon L.; Chowell, Gerardo",10.1289/ehp.1409119,,,"Environmental Health Perspectives","Multiple trigger points for quantifying heat-health impacts: New evidence from a hot climate",,2016,25315,7e120c1f-a9c0-4328-97a1-08650f861f79,"Journal Article",/article/10.1289/ehp.1409119
/reference/7f89e40a-7681-4475-a754-91e81baabd95,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7f89e40a-7681-4475-a754-91e81baabd95,7f89e40a-7681-4475-a754-91e81baabd95,"Despite interest in the importance of social equity to sustainability, there is concern that equity is often left behind in practice relative to environmental and economic imperatives. We analyze recent climate and sustainability action plans from a sample of twenty-eight medium and large U.S. cities, finding that few made social equity a prominent goal of their plans, although there is a discernible trend in this direction. We present case studies of three cities that incorporated social equity goals, concluding that sustainability planning efforts provide strategic opportunities to pursue equity goals, especially where capacity exists among community-based actors to intervene and participate.","Schrock, Greg; Ellen M. Bassett; Jamaal Green",10.1177/0739456x15580022,,,"Journal of Planning Education and Research","Pursuing equity and justice in a changing climate: Assessing equity in local climate and sustainability plans in U.S. cities",,2015,24099,7f89e40a-7681-4475-a754-91e81baabd95,"Journal Article",/article/10.1177/0739456x15580022
/reference/7fd7397d-6896-447d-85c5-b36af651d605,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7fd7397d-6896-447d-85c5-b36af651d605,7fd7397d-6896-447d-85c5-b36af651d605,,"Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo M.; Lenhart, Audrey; Manrique-Saide, Pablo",10.1093/trstmh/trw070,,0035-9203,"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","Housing improvement: A novel paradigm for urban vector-borne disease control?",,2016,26113,7fd7397d-6896-447d-85c5-b36af651d605,"Journal Article",/article/10.1093/trstmh/trw070
/reference/816f69e9-3a51-4ca5-9bb5-90200c842711,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/816f69e9-3a51-4ca5-9bb5-90200c842711,816f69e9-3a51-4ca5-9bb5-90200c842711,,"Levy, Barry S.; Patz, Jonathan A.",10.1016/j.aogh.2015.08.008,2015/05/01/,2214-9996,"Annals of Global Health","Climate change, human rights, and social justice",,2015,24115,816f69e9-3a51-4ca5-9bb5-90200c842711,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/j.aogh.2015.08.008
/reference/85c390fe-4d9b-4713-95d1-2e6b83c01478,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/85c390fe-4d9b-4713-95d1-2e6b83c01478,85c390fe-4d9b-4713-95d1-2e6b83c01478,"Climate change presents one of the greatest challenges to society today. Effects on nature and people are first experienced in cities as cities form microcosms with extreme temperature gradients, and by now, about half of the human population globally lives in urban areas. Climate change has significant impact on ecosystem functioning and well-being of people. Climatic stress leads to a decrease in the distribution of typical native species and influences society through health-related effects and socio-economic impacts by increased numbers of heat waves, droughts and flooding events. In addition to climate change, urbanisation and the accompanying increases in the number and size of cities are impacting ecosystems with a number of interlinked pressures. These pressures include loss and degradation of natural areas, soil sealing and the densification of built-up areas, which pose additional significant challenges to ecosystem functionality, the provision of ecosystem services and human well-being in cities around the world. However, nature-based solutions have the potential to counteract these pressures. Nature-based solutions (NBS) can foster and simplify implementation actions in urban landscapes by taking into account the services provided by nature. They include provision of urban green such as parks and street trees that may ameliorate high temperature in cities or regulate air and water flows or the allocation of natural habitat space in floodplains that may buffer impacts of flood events. Architectural solutions for buildings, such as green roofs and wall installations, may reduce temperature and save energy. This book brings together experts from science, policy and practice to provide an overview of our current state of knowledge on the effectiveness and implementation of nature-based solutions and their potential to the provision of ecosystem services, for climate change adaptation and co-benefits in urban areas. Scientific evidence to climate change adaptation is presented, and a further focus is on the potential of nature-based approaches to accelerate urban sustainability transitions and create additional, multiple health and social benefits. The book discusses socio-economic implications in relation to socio-economic equity, fairness and justice considerations when implementing NBS.","Kabisch, Nadja; Korn, Horst; Stadler, Jutta; Bonn, Aletta",10.1007/978-3-319-56091-5_1,,,,"Nature-based solutions to climate change adaptation in urban areas--Linkages between science, policy and practice",,2017,25321,85c390fe-4d9b-4713-95d1-2e6b83c01478,"Book Section",/book/e6abe56a-df86-41b3-afd8-3115e22f104a
/reference/8640a3db-35fa-4089-8fb5-d52dc8b35c71,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8640a3db-35fa-4089-8fb5-d52dc8b35c71,8640a3db-35fa-4089-8fb5-d52dc8b35c71,,"Jacobs, J.; Moore, S.K.; Kunkel, K.E.; Sun, L.",10.1016/j.crm.2015.03.002,,2212-0963,"Climate Risk Management","A framework for examining climate-driven changes to the seasonality and geographical range of coastal pathogens and harmful algae",,2015,18814,8640a3db-35fa-4089-8fb5-d52dc8b35c71,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/j.crm.2015.03.002
/reference/87af4d60-f45e-4673-bc60-82a1fc284943,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/87af4d60-f45e-4673-bc60-82a1fc284943,87af4d60-f45e-4673-bc60-82a1fc284943,"Purpose Rising global temperatures have resulted in an increased frequency and severity of cyclones, hurricanes, and flooding in many parts of the world. These climate change–related water disasters (CCRWDs) have a devastating impact on communities and the health of residents. Clinicians and policymakers require a substantive body of evidence on which to base planning, prevention, and disaster response to these events. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature concerning the impact of CCRWDs on public health in order to identify factors in these events that are amenable to preparedness and mitigation. Ultimately, this evidence could be used by nurses to advocate for greater preparedness initiatives and inform national and international disaster policy. Design and Methods A systematic literature review of publications identified through a comprehensive search of five relevant databases (PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature [CINAHL], Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) was conducted using a modified Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach in January 2017 to describe major themes and associated factors of the impact of CCRWDs on population health. Findings Three major themes emerged: environmental disruption resulting in exposure to toxins, population susceptibility, and health systems infrastructure (failure to plan-prepare-mitigate, inadequate response, and lack of infrastructure). Direct health impact was characterized by four major categories: weather-related morbidity and mortality, waterborne diseases/water-related illness, vector-borne and zoonotic diseases, and psychiatric/mental health effects. Scope and duration of the event are factors that exacerbate the impact of CCRWDs. Discussion of specific factors amenable to mitigation was limited. Flooding as an event was overrepresented in this analysis (60%), and the majority of the research reviewed was conducted in high-income or upper middle-/high-income countries (62%), despite the fact that low-income countries bear a disproportionate share of the burden on morbidity and mortality from CCRWDs. Conclusions Empirical evidence related to CCRWDs is predominately descriptive in nature, characterizing the cascade of climatic shifts leading to major environmental disruption and exposure to toxins, and their resultant morbidity and mortality. There is inadequate representation of research exploring potentially modifiable factors associated with CCRWDs and their impact on population health. This review lays the foundation for a wide array of further areas of analysis to explore the negative health impacts of CCRWDs and for nurses to take a leadership role in identifying and advocating for evidence-based policies to plan, prevent, or mitigate these effects. Clinical Relevance Nurses comprise the largest global healthcare workforce and are in a position to advocate for disaster preparedness for CCRWDs, develop more robust environmental health policies, and work towards mitigating exposure to environmental toxins that may threaten human health.","Veenema, Tener Goodwin; Thornton, Clifton P.; Lavin, Roberta Proffitt; Bender, Annah K.; Seal, Stella; Corley, Andrew",10.1111/jnu.12328,,,"Journal of Nursing Scholarship","Climate change–related water disasters’ impact on population health",,2017,26114,87af4d60-f45e-4673-bc60-82a1fc284943,"Journal Article",/article/10.1111/jnu.12328
/reference/89380a50-8b6d-471a-9d25-4332362759da,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/89380a50-8b6d-471a-9d25-4332362759da,89380a50-8b6d-471a-9d25-4332362759da,,"Levy, Karen; Woster, Andrew P.; Goldstein, Rebecca S.; Carlton, Elizabeth J.",10.1021/acs.est.5b06186,2016/05/17,0013-936X,"Environmental Science & Technology","Untangling the impacts of climate change on waterborne diseases: A systematic review of relationships between diarrheal diseases and temperature, rainfall, flooding, and drought",,2016,25335,89380a50-8b6d-471a-9d25-4332362759da,"Journal Article",/article/10.1021/acs.est.5b06186
/reference/8cf42846-0671-414c-97db-42736eae5ca5,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8cf42846-0671-414c-97db-42736eae5ca5,8cf42846-0671-414c-97db-42736eae5ca5,"Understanding the drivers of recent Zika, dengue, and chikungunya epidemics is a major public health priority. Temperature may play an important role because it affects virus transmission by mosquitoes, through its effects on mosquito development, survival, reproduction, and biting rates as well as the rate at which mosquitoes acquire and transmit viruses. Here, we measure the impact of temperature on transmission by two of the most common mosquito vector species for these viruses, Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. We integrate data from several laboratory experiments into a mathematical model of temperature-dependent transmission, and find that transmission peaks at 26–29°C and can occur between 18–34°C. Statistically comparing model predictions with recent observed human cases of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika across the Americas suggests an important role for temperature, and supports model predictions. Using the model, we predict that most of the tropics and subtropics are suitable for transmission in many or all months of the year, but that temperate areas like most of the United States are only suitable for transmission for a few months during the summer (even if the mosquito vector is present).","Mordecai, Erin A.; Cohen, Jeremy M.; Evans, Michelle V.; Gudapati, Prithvi; Johnson, Leah R.; Lippi, Catherine A.; Miazgowicz, Kerri; Murdock, Courtney C.; Rohr, Jason R.; Ryan, Sadie J.; Savage, Van; Shocket, Marta S.; Stewart Ibarra, Anna; Thomas, Matthew B.; Weikel, Daniel P.",10.1371/journal.pntd.0005568,,,"PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases","Detecting the impact of temperature on transmission of Zika, dengue, and chikungunya using mechanistic models",,2017,24107,8cf42846-0671-414c-97db-42736eae5ca5,"Journal Article",/article/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005568
/reference/8e30bef3-ce8e-4df4-879b-21f809b02998,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8e30bef3-ce8e-4df4-879b-21f809b02998,8e30bef3-ce8e-4df4-879b-21f809b02998,"Extreme heat is a significant public health challenge in urban environments that disproportionally impacts vulnerable members of society. In this research, demographic, economic and climate projections are brought together with a statistical approach linking extreme heat and mortality in Houston, Texas. The sensitivity of heat-related non-accidental mortality to future changes of demographics, income and climate is explored. We compare climate change outcomes associated with two different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, which describe alternate future scenarios for greenhouse gas emissions and concentrations. For each RCP, we explore demographic and economic scenarios for two plausible Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), SSP3 and SSP5. Our findings suggest that non-accidental mortality in 2061–2080 may increase for all combinations of RCP and SSP scenarios compared to a historical reference period spanning 1991–2010. Notably, increased heat-related non-accidental mortality is associated with changes in the size and age of the population, but the degree of sensitivity is highly uncertain given the breadth of plausible socioeconomic scenarios. Beyond socioeconomic changes, climate change is also important. For each socioeconomic scenario, non-accidental mortality associated with the lower emissions RCP4.5 scenario is projected to be 50 % less than mortality projected under the higher emissions RCP8.5 scenario.","Marsha, A.; Sain, S. R.; Heaton, M. J.; Monaghan, A. J.; Wilhelmi, O.V.",10.1007/s10584-016-1775-1,"August 30",1573-1480,"Climatic Change","Influences of climatic and population changes on heat-related mortality in Houston, Texas, USA","journal article",2016,23558,8e30bef3-ce8e-4df4-879b-21f809b02998,"Journal Article",/article/10.1007/s10584-016-1775-1
/reference/8f2308d0-7a25-4c47-82e0-cb9196f1de8b,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8f2308d0-7a25-4c47-82e0-cb9196f1de8b,8f2308d0-7a25-4c47-82e0-cb9196f1de8b,,"Graff Zivin, Joshua; Neidell, Matthew",10.1086/671766,,1537-5307,"Journal of Labor Economics","Temperature and the allocation of time: Implications for climate change",,2014,17597,8f2308d0-7a25-4c47-82e0-cb9196f1de8b,"Journal Article",/article/10.1086/671766
/reference/9262e94a-1bbc-4a1c-ad59-a907fa894576,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9262e94a-1bbc-4a1c-ad59-a907fa894576,9262e94a-1bbc-4a1c-ad59-a907fa894576,"Introduction In the foothills of the Cumberland Mountains, in central Appalachia (a region that spans 13 states in the US), sits an economically distressed and rural community of the United States. Once a thriving coal-mining area, this region now is reported as one of the hardest places to live in the US. Southeastern Kentucky, located in a remote, rocky, mountainous area surrounded by rivers and valleys and prone to flooding, experienced a major flood in Spring 2013 causing significant damage to homes and critical infrastructure. Purpose Aims of the study were to: (1) identify and better understand the contextual variables compounding the impact of a disaster event that occurred in Spring 2013; (2) identify ways participants managed antecedent circumstances, risk, and protective factors to cope with disaster up to 12 months post-event; and (3) further determine implications for community-focused interventions that may enhance recovery for vulnerable populations to promote greater outcomes of adaptation, wellness, and readiness. Methods Using an ethnographic mixed-methods approach, an inter-collaborative team conducted face-to-face interviews with (N=12) Appalachian residents about their disaster experience, documented observations and visual assessment of need on an observation tool, and used photography depicting structural and environmental conditions. A Health and Emergency Preparedness Assessment Survey Tool was used to collect demographic, health, housing, environment, and disaster readiness assessment data. Community stakeholders facilitated purposeful sampling through coordination of scheduled home visits. Results Triangulation of all data sources provided evidence that the community had unique coping strategies related to faith and spirituality, cultural values and heritage, and social support to manage antecedent circumstances, risk, and protective factors during times of adversity that, in turn, enhanced resilience up to 12 months post-disaster. The community was found to have an innate capacity to persevere and utilize resources to manage and transcend adversity and restore equilibrium, which reflected components of resilience that deserve greater recognition and appreciation. Conclusion Resilience is a foundational concept for disaster science. A model of resilience for the rural Appalachia community was developed to visually depict the encompassing element of community-based interventions that may enhance coping strategies, mitigate risk factors, integrate protective factors, and strengthen access. Community-based interventions are recommended to strengthen resilience, yielding improved outcomes of adaptation, health and wellness, and disaster readiness. Banks LH , Davenport LA , Hayes MH , McArthur MA , Toro SN , King CE , Vazirani HM . Disaster Impact on Impoverished Area of US: An Inter-Professional Mixed Method Study. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(6):583–592.","Banks, Linda H.; Davenport, Lisa A.; Hayes, Meghan H.; McArthur, Moriah A.; Toro, Stacey N.; King, Cameron E.; Vazirani, Hazel M.",10.1017/S1049023X1600090X,,1049-023X,"Prehospital and Disaster Medicine","Disaster impact on impoverished area of US: An inter-professional mixed method study",,2016,24143,9262e94a-1bbc-4a1c-ad59-a907fa894576,"Journal Article",/article/10.1017/S1049023X1600090X
/reference/92a32e2b-0b6f-448e-b387-a81fb75bbcd3,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/92a32e2b-0b6f-448e-b387-a81fb75bbcd3,92a32e2b-0b6f-448e-b387-a81fb75bbcd3,,"Overstreet, Stacy; Salloum, Alison; Badour, Christal",10.1016/j.jsp.2010.06.002,2010/10/01/,0022-4405,"Journal of School Psychology","A school-based assessment of secondary stressors and adolescent mental health 18 months post-Katrina",,2010,24104,92a32e2b-0b6f-448e-b387-a81fb75bbcd3,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/j.jsp.2010.06.002
/reference/93b59cc9-ade0-45fe-9f08-79b0c00da931,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/93b59cc9-ade0-45fe-9f08-79b0c00da931,93b59cc9-ade0-45fe-9f08-79b0c00da931,"OBJECTIVES: Many public health adaptation strategies have been identified in response to climate change. This report reviews current literature on health co-benefits and risks of these strategies to gain a better understanding of how they may affect health. METHODS: A literature review was conducted electronically using English language literature from January 2000 to March 2012. Of 812 articles identified, 22 peer-reviewed articles that directly addressed health co-benefits or risks of adaptation were included in the review. RESULTS: The co-benefits and risks identified in the literature most commonly relate to improvements in health associated with adaptation actions that affect social capital and urban design. Health co-benefits of improvements in social capital have positive influences on mental health, independently of other determinants. Risks included reinforcing existing misconceptions regarding health. Health co-benefits of urban design strategies included reduced obesity, cardiovascular disease and improved mental health through increased physical activity, cooling spaces (e.g., shaded areas), and social connectivity. Risks included pollen allergies with increased urban green space, and adverse health effects from heat events through the use of air conditioning. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the current limited understanding of the full impacts of the wide range of existing climate change adaptation strategies, further research should focus on both unintended positive and negative consequences of public health adaptation.","Cheng, J. J.; Berry, P.",10.1007/s00038-012-0422-5,Apr,"1661-8564 (Electronic)
1661-8556 (Linking)","International Journal of Public Health","Health co-benefits and risks of public health adaptation strategies to climate change: A review of current literature",,2013,4223,93b59cc9-ade0-45fe-9f08-79b0c00da931,"Journal Article",/article/10.1007/s00038-012-0422-5
/reference/9412b3d0-6f9c-4612-bca1-b6bf62f1746a,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9412b3d0-6f9c-4612-bca1-b6bf62f1746a,9412b3d0-6f9c-4612-bca1-b6bf62f1746a,,"Sheffield, Perry; Uijttewaal, Simone; Stewart, James; Galvez, Maida",10.3390/ijerph14111397,,1660-4601,"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","Climate change and schools: Environmental hazards and resiliency",,2017,26111,9412b3d0-6f9c-4612-bca1-b6bf62f1746a,"Journal Article",/article/10.3390/ijerph14111397