--- - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Island Press,' Institution: Island Press and the Kresge Foundation Pages: 36 Place Published: 'Washington, DC and Troy, MI' Title: 'Bounce Forward: Urban Resilience in the Era of Climate Change' URL: https://kresge.org/sites/default/files/Bounce-Forward-Urban-Resilience-in-Era-of-Climate-Change-2015.pdf Year: 2015 _record_number: 25323 _uuid: e00dbf25-7f96-4894-9182-5a9955bb2df3 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/bounce-forward-urban-resilience-era-climate-change href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e00dbf25-7f96-4894-9182-5a9955bb2df3.yaml identifier: e00dbf25-7f96-4894-9182-5a9955bb2df3 uri: /reference/e00dbf25-7f96-4894-9182-5a9955bb2df3 - attrs: Abstract: 'To aid health adaptation decision-making, there are increasing efforts to provide climate projections at finer temporal and spatial scales. Relying solely on projected climate changes for longer-term decisions makes the implicit assumption that sources of vulnerability other than climate change will remain the same, which is not very probable. Over longer time horizons, this approach likely over estimates the extent to which climate change could alter the magnitude and pattern of health outcomes, introducing systematic bias into health management decisions. To balance this potential bias, decision-makers also need projections of other drivers of health outcomes that are, like climate change, recognized determinants of some disease burdens. Incorporating projections via an iterative process that allows for regular updates based on new knowledge and experience has the potential to improve the utility of fine-scale climate projections in health system adaptation to climate change.' Author: 'Ebi, Kristie L.; Hess, Jeremy J.; Isaksen, Tania Busch' DOI: 10.1007/s40572-016-0077-0 Date: March 01 ISSN: 2196-5412 Issue: 1 Journal: Current Environmental Health Reports Pages: 99-105 Title: Using uncertain climate and development information in health adaptation planning Type of Article: journal article Volume: 3 Year: 2016 _record_number: 24058 _uuid: e3c4d3b0-5fa1-446c-8af4-1f466e312f99 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s40572-016-0077-0 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e3c4d3b0-5fa1-446c-8af4-1f466e312f99.yaml identifier: e3c4d3b0-5fa1-446c-8af4-1f466e312f99 uri: /reference/e3c4d3b0-5fa1-446c-8af4-1f466e312f99 - attrs: Abstract: 'This study quantified the impacts of climate change on human health through undernourishment using two economic measures. First, changes in morbidity and mortality due to nine diseases caused by being underweight as a child were analyzed using a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model with changes in the labor force, population, and demands for healthcare taken into consideration. Second, changes in mortality were taken from the CGE simulation and assessed economically by the value of lives lost and willingness to pay to reduce the risk. Model uncertainties in future crop yields and climate conditions were considered using future projections from six global crop models and five global climate models. We found that the economic valuation of healthy lives lost due to undernourishment under climate change was equivalent to −0.4 % to 0.0 % of global gross domestic product (GDP) and was regionally heterogeneous, ranging from −4.0 % to 0.0 % of regional GDP in 2100. In contrast, the actual economic losses associated with the effects of additional health expenditure and the decrease in the labor force due to undernourishment resulting from climate change corresponded to a − 0.1 % to 0.0 % change in GDP and a − 0.2 % to 0.0 % change in household consumption, respectively, at the global level.' Author: 'Hasegawa, Tomoko; Fujimori, Shinichiro; Takahashi, Kiyoshi; Yokohata, Tokuta; Masui, Toshihiko' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-016-1606-4 Date: May 01 ISSN: 1573-1480 Issue: 2 Journal: Climatic Change Pages: 189-202 Title: Economic implications of climate change impacts on human health through undernourishment Type of Article: journal article Volume: 136 Year: 2016 _record_number: 25326 _uuid: e68d35d6-086b-4044-a56a-d023149c0551 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-016-1606-4 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e68d35d6-086b-4044-a56a-d023149c0551.yaml identifier: e68d35d6-086b-4044-a56a-d023149c0551 uri: /reference/e68d35d6-086b-4044-a56a-d023149c0551 - attrs: Abstract: 'Valley fever is endemic to the southwestern United States. Humans contract this fungal disease by inhaling spores of Coccidioides spp. Changes in the environment can influence the abundance and dispersal of Coccidioides spp., causing fluctuations in valley fever incidence. We combined county‐level case records from state health agencies to create a regional valley fever database for the southwestern United States, including Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. We used this data set to explore how environmental factors influenced the spatial pattern and temporal dynamics of valley fever incidence during 2000–2015. We compiled climate and environmental geospatial data sets from multiple sources to compare with valley fever incidence. These variables included air temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, surface dust concentration, normalized difference vegetation index, and cropland area. We found that valley fever incidence was greater in areas with warmer air temperatures and drier soils. The mean annual cycle of incidence varied throughout the southwestern United States and peaked following periods of low precipitation and soil moisture. From year‐to‐year, however, autumn incidence was higher following cooler, wetter, and productive springs in the San Joaquin Valley of California. In southcentral Arizona, incidence increased significantly through time. By 2015, incidence in this region was more than double the rate in the San Joaquin Valley. Our analysis provides a framework for interpreting the influence of climate change on valley fever incidence dynamics. Our results may allow the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to improve their estimates of the spatial pattern and intensity of valley fever endemicity.' Author: 'Gorris, M. E.; L. A. Cat; C. S. Zender; K. K. Treseder; J. T. Randerson' DOI: 10.1002/2017GH000095 Issue: 1 Journal: GeoHealth Pages: 6-24 Title: Coccidioidomycosis dynamics in relation to climate in the southwestern United States Volume: 2 Year: 2018 _record_number: 25334 _uuid: e7604efd-b24b-43f7-93b9-5046de36a18a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/2017GH000095 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e7604efd-b24b-43f7-93b9-5046de36a18a.yaml identifier: e7604efd-b24b-43f7-93b9-5046de36a18a uri: /reference/e7604efd-b24b-43f7-93b9-5046de36a18a - attrs: Abstract: 'The association between food insecurity and mental health is established. Increasingly, associations between drought and mental health and drought and food insecurity have been observed in a number of countries. The impact of drought on the association between food insecurity and mental health has received little attention.' Author: 'Friel, Sharon; Berry, Helen; Dinh, Huong; O’Brien, Léan; Walls, Helen L.' DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1102 Date: October 24 ISSN: 1471-2458 Issue: 1 Journal: BMC Public Health Pages: 1102 Title: The impact of drought on the association between food security and mental health in a nationally representative Australian sample Type of Article: journal article Volume: 14 Year: 2014 _record_number: 24126 _uuid: e967634e-e689-46ef-ac7b-51c962ecd582 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1102 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e967634e-e689-46ef-ac7b-51c962ecd582.yaml identifier: e967634e-e689-46ef-ac7b-51c962ecd582 uri: /reference/e967634e-e689-46ef-ac7b-51c962ecd582 - attrs: Abstract: 'Some rare heatwaves have extreme daily mortality impacts; moderate heatwaves have lower daily impacts but occur much more frequently at present and so account for large aggregated impacts. We applied health-based models to project trends in high-mortality heatwaves, including proportion of all heatwaves expected to be high-mortality, using the definition that a high-mortality heatwave increases mortality risk by ≥20 %. We projected these trends in 82 US communities in 2061–2080 under two scenarios of climate change (RCP4.5, RCP8.5), two scenarios of population change (SSP3, SSP5), and three scenarios of community adaptation to heat (none, lagged, on-pace) for large- and medium-ensemble versions of the National Center for Atmospheric Research’s Community Earth System Model. More high-mortality heatwaves were expected compared to present under all scenarios except on-pace adaptation, and population exposure was expected to increase under all scenarios. At least seven more high-mortality heatwaves were expected in a twenty-year period in the 82 study communities under RCP8.5 than RCP4.5 when assuming no adaptation. However, high-mortality heatwaves were expected to remain <1 % of all heatwaves and heatwave exposure under all scenarios. Projections were most strongly influenced by the adaptation scenario—going from a scenario of on-pace to lagged adaptation or from lagged to no adaptation more than doubled the projected number of and exposure to high-mortality heatwaves. Based on our results, fewer high-mortality heatwaves are expected when following RCP4.5 versus RCP8.5 and under higher levels of adaptation, but high-mortality heatwaves are expected to remain a very small proportion of total heatwave exposure.' Author: 'Anderson, G. Brooke; Oleson, Keith W.; Jones, Bryan; Peng, Roger D.' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-016-1779-x Date: August 30 ISSN: 1573-1480 Journal: Climatic Change Title: 'Projected trends in high-mortality heatwaves under different scenarios of climate, population, and adaptation in 82 US communities' Type of Article: journal article Year: 2016 _record_number: 24145 _uuid: ea2ea20a-5d62-49ac-a89b-9a7951711a1b reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-016-1779-x href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ea2ea20a-5d62-49ac-a89b-9a7951711a1b.yaml identifier: ea2ea20a-5d62-49ac-a89b-9a7951711a1b uri: /reference/ea2ea20a-5d62-49ac-a89b-9a7951711a1b - attrs: Author: 'Wolch, Jennifer R.; Byrne, Jason; Newell, Joshua P.' DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.017 Journal: Landscape and Urban Planning Keywords: added by ERG Pages: 234-244 Title: 'Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: The challenge of making cities "just green enough"' Volume: 125 Year: 2014 _record_number: 23142 _uuid: ea8728bd-b961-4115-98d9-f834d50568ab reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.017 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ea8728bd-b961-4115-98d9-f834d50568ab.yaml identifier: ea8728bd-b961-4115-98d9-f834d50568ab uri: /reference/ea8728bd-b961-4115-98d9-f834d50568ab - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Gonzalez, Rosa; other contributors,' Institution: National Association of Climate Resilience Planners Series Editor: Taj James; Jovida Ross Title: 'Community-driven climate resilience planning: A framework, version 2.0' URL: http://movementstrategy.org/b/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/WEB-CD-CRP_Updated-5.11.17.pdf Year: 2017 _record_number: 24028 _uuid: ec4d3830-c3b9-491b-9bc0-facccd717e00 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/community-driven-climate-resilience-planning-framework-version-20 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ec4d3830-c3b9-491b-9bc0-facccd717e00.yaml identifier: ec4d3830-c3b9-491b-9bc0-facccd717e00 uri: /reference/ec4d3830-c3b9-491b-9bc0-facccd717e00 - attrs: Author: 'Schulte, P. A.; Bhattacharya, A.; Butler, C. R.; Chun, H. K.; Jacklitsch, B.; Jacobs, T.; Kiefer, M.; Lincoln, J.; Pendergrass, S.; Shire, J.; Watson, J.; Wagner, G. R.' DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2016.1179388 Date: 2016/11/01 ISSN: 1545-9624 Issue: 11 Journal: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene Pages: 847-865 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Title: Advancing the framework for considering the effects of climate change on worker safety and health Volume: 13 Year: 2016 _record_number: 25313 _uuid: edf0082f-a1b6-48ef-b8d4-e20a458e4bc8 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1080/15459624.2016.1179388 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/edf0082f-a1b6-48ef-b8d4-e20a458e4bc8.yaml identifier: edf0082f-a1b6-48ef-b8d4-e20a458e4bc8 uri: /reference/edf0082f-a1b6-48ef-b8d4-e20a458e4bc8 - attrs: Author: 'Forman, Fonna; Solomon, Gina; Morello-Frosch, Rachel; Pezzoli, Keith' DOI: 10.1525/collabra.67 Issue: 1 Journal: Collabra Pages: 22 Title: 'Chapter 8. Bending the curve and closing the gap: Climate justice and public health' Volume: 2 Year: 2016 _record_number: 25329 _uuid: efed1341-a8a0-4743-8ec6-5fa87142a4e3 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1525/collabra.67 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/efed1341-a8a0-4743-8ec6-5fa87142a4e3.yaml identifier: efed1341-a8a0-4743-8ec6-5fa87142a4e3 uri: /reference/efed1341-a8a0-4743-8ec6-5fa87142a4e3 - attrs: Abstract: 'Several individual-level factors are known to promote psychological resilience in the aftermath of disasters. Far less is known about the role of community-level factors in shaping postdisaster mental health. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of both individual- and community-level factors on resilience after Hurricane Sandy. A representative sample of household residents (N = 418) from 293 New York City census tracts that were most heavily affected by the storm completed telephone interviews approximately 13–16 months postdisaster. Multilevel multivariable models explored the independent and interactive contributions of individual- and community-level factors to posttraumatic stress and depression symptoms. At the individual-level, having experienced or witnessed any lifetime traumatic event was significantly associated with higher depression and posttraumatic stress, whereas demographic characteristics (e.g., older age, non-Hispanic Black race) and more disaster-related stressors were significantly associated with higher posttraumatic stress only. At the community-level, living in an area with higher social capital was significantly associated with higher posttraumatic stress. Additionally, higher community economic development was associated with lower risk of depression only among participants who did not experience any disaster-related stressors. These results provide evidence that individual- and community-level resources and exposure operate in tandem to shape postdisaster resilience.' Author: 'Lowe, Sarah R.; Sampson, Laura; Gruebner, Oliver; Galea, Sandro' DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125761 Issue: 5 Journal: PLOS ONE Pages: e0125761 Publisher: Public Library of Science Title: 'Psychological resilience after Hurricane Sandy: The influence of individual- and community-level factors on mental health after a large-scale natural disaster' Volume: 10 Year: 2015 _record_number: 24074 _uuid: f0d93632-880b-473f-9ab3-a39c815a9d17 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1371/journal.pone.0125761 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f0d93632-880b-473f-9ab3-a39c815a9d17.yaml identifier: f0d93632-880b-473f-9ab3-a39c815a9d17 uri: /reference/f0d93632-880b-473f-9ab3-a39c815a9d17 - attrs: Abstract: 'Preventing heat-associated morbidity and mortality is a public health priority in Maricopa County, Arizona (United States). The objective of this project was to evaluate Maricopa County cooling centers and gain insight into their capacity to provide relief for the public during extreme heat events. During the summer of 2014, 53 cooling centers were evaluated to assess facility and visitor characteristics. Maricopa County staff collected data by directly observing daily operations and by surveying managers and visitors. The cooling centers in Maricopa County were often housed within community, senior, or religious centers, which offered various services for at least 1500 individuals daily. Many visitors were unemployed and/or homeless. Many learned about a cooling center by word of mouth or by having seen the cooling center’s location. The cooling centers provide a valuable service and reach some of the region’s most vulnerable populations. This project is among the first to systematically evaluate cooling centers from a public health perspective and provides helpful insight to community leaders who are implementing or improving their own network of cooling centers.' Author: 'Berisha, Vjollca; David Hondula; Matthew Roach; Jessica R. White; Benita McKinney; Darcie Bentz; Ahmed Mohamed; Joshua Uebelherr; Kate Goodin' DOI: 10.1175/wcas-d-16-0033.1 Issue: 1 Journal: 'Weather, Climate, and Society' Keywords: 'Climate change,Emergency preparedness,Societal impacts' Pages: 71-80 Title: 'Assessing adaptation strategies for extreme heat: A public health evaluation of cooling centers in Maricopa County, Arizona' Volume: 9 Year: 2017 _record_number: 24138 _uuid: f0f92922-8e59-42f9-b94b-1ca2f2b239f4 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1175/wcas-d-16-0033.1 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f0f92922-8e59-42f9-b94b-1ca2f2b239f4.yaml identifier: f0f92922-8e59-42f9-b94b-1ca2f2b239f4 uri: /reference/f0f92922-8e59-42f9-b94b-1ca2f2b239f4 - attrs: .reference_type: 9 Author: USGCRP DOI: 10.7930/J0R49NQX Number of Pages: 312 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program Title: 'The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment' Year: 2016 _record_number: 19368 _uuid: f1e633d5-070a-4a7d-935b-a2281a0c9cb6 reftype: Book child_publication: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f1e633d5-070a-4a7d-935b-a2281a0c9cb6.yaml identifier: f1e633d5-070a-4a7d-935b-a2281a0c9cb6 uri: /reference/f1e633d5-070a-4a7d-935b-a2281a0c9cb6 - attrs: Author: 'Chretien, Jean-Paul; Assaf Anyamba; Jennifer Small; Seth Britch; Jose L. Sanchez; Alaina C. Halbach; Compton Tucker; Kenneth J. Linthicum' DOI: 10.1371/currents.outbreaks.95fbc4a8fb4695e049baabfc2fc8289f Journal: PLOS Currents Outbreaks Pages: Edition 1 Title: 'Global climate anomalies and potential infectious disease risks: 2014-2015' Volume: 2015 Year: 2015 _record_number: 24133 _uuid: f22294d5-f052-4908-9eb7-4d8cdbe0c5b9 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1371/currents.outbreaks.95fbc4a8fb4695e049baabfc2fc8289f href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f22294d5-f052-4908-9eb7-4d8cdbe0c5b9.yaml identifier: f22294d5-f052-4908-9eb7-4d8cdbe0c5b9 uri: /reference/f22294d5-f052-4908-9eb7-4d8cdbe0c5b9 - attrs: Abstract: 'The intensely active 2017 Atlantic basin hurricane season provided an opportunity to examine how climate drivers, including warming oceans and rising seas, exacerbated tropical cyclone hazards. The season also highlighted the unique vulnerabilities of populations residing on Small Island Developing States (SIDS) to the catastrophic potential of these storms. During 2017, 22 of the 29 Caribbean SIDS were affected by at least one named storm, and multiple SIDS experienced extreme damage. This paper aims to review the multiplicity of storm impacts on Caribbean SIDS throughout the 2017 season, to explicate the influences of climate drivers on storm formation and intensity, to explore the propensity of SIDS to sustain severe damage and prolonged disruption of essential services, to document the spectrum of public health consequences, and to delineate the daunting hurdles that challenged emergency response and recovery operations for island-based, disaster-affected populations. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;page 1 of 13)' Author: 'Shultz, James M.; Kossin, James P.; Shepherd, J. Marshall; Ransdell, Justine M.; Walshe, Rory; Kelman, Ilan; Galea, Sandro' DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2018.28 Database Provider: Cambridge University Press EPub Date: 2018/04/06 ISSN: 1935-7893 Journal: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness Keywords: climate change; climate driver; disaster; disaster response; hazard; health consequences; hurricane; risk; Small Island Developing States; tropical cyclone; tropical storm; vulnerability Name of Database: Cambridge Core Pages: 1-13 Publisher: Cambridge University Press Title: 'Risk, health consequences, and response challenges for small-island-based populations: Observations from the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season' Year: 2018 _record_number: 25240 _uuid: f27d73b2-8618-4674-a111-a92276930d26 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1017/dmp.2018.28 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f27d73b2-8618-4674-a111-a92276930d26.yaml identifier: f27d73b2-8618-4674-a111-a92276930d26 uri: /reference/f27d73b2-8618-4674-a111-a92276930d26 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'DHS,' Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Title: 'Homeland Infrastructure Foundation-Level Data (HIFLD) [web tool]' URL: https://hifld-geoplatform.opendata.arcgis.com/ Year: 2018 _record_number: 26116 _uuid: f40f0493-f23a-476c-9900-2dd34eb7fd6a reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/0fbdd9b1-e4d0-45d0-af1e-1f8d94e484b6 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f40f0493-f23a-476c-9900-2dd34eb7fd6a.yaml identifier: f40f0493-f23a-476c-9900-2dd34eb7fd6a uri: /reference/f40f0493-f23a-476c-9900-2dd34eb7fd6a - attrs: Author: 'Vins, Holly; Bell, Jesse; Saha, Shubhayu; Hess, Jeremy' DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121013251 ISSN: 1660-4601 Issue: 10 Journal: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Pages: 13251 Title: 'The mental health outcomes of drought: A systematic review and causal process diagram' Volume: 12 Year: 2015 _record_number: 23879 _uuid: f5b5a424-29ee-4cd3-a179-68668613933d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3390/ijerph121013251 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f5b5a424-29ee-4cd3-a179-68668613933d.yaml identifier: f5b5a424-29ee-4cd3-a179-68668613933d uri: /reference/f5b5a424-29ee-4cd3-a179-68668613933d - attrs: Abstract: 'The U.S. health care sector is highly interconnected with industrial activities that emit much of the nation’s pollution to air, water, and soils. We estimate emissions directly and indirectly attributable to the health care sector, and potential harmful effects on public health. Negative environmental and public health outcomes were estimated through economic input-output life cycle assessment (EIOLCA) modeling using National Health Expenditures (NHE) for the decade 2003–2013 and compared to national totals. In 2013, the health care sector was also responsible for significant fractions of national air pollution emissions and impacts, including acid rain (12%), greenhouse gas emissions (10%), smog formation (10%) criteria air pollutants (9%), stratospheric ozone depletion (1%), and carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic air toxics (1–2%). The largest contributors to impacts are discussed from both the supply side (EIOLCA economic sectors) and demand side (NHE categories), as are trends over the study period. Health damages from these pollutants are estimated at 470,000 DALYs lost from pollution-related disease, or 405,000 DALYs when adjusted for recent shifts in power generation sector emissions. These indirect health burdens are commensurate with the 44,000–98,000 people who die in hospitals each year in the U.S. as a result of preventable medical errors, but are currently not attributed to our health system. Concerted efforts to improve environmental performance of health care could reduce expenditures directly through waste reduction and energy savings, and indirectly through reducing pollution burden on public health, and ought to be included in efforts to improve health care quality and safety.' Author: 'Eckelman, Matthew J.; Sherman, Jodi' DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157014 Issue: 6 Journal: PLOS ONE Pages: e0157014 Publisher: Public Library of Science Title: Environmental impacts of the U.S. health care system and effects on public health Volume: 11 Year: 2016 _record_number: 24128 _uuid: f5ba1ac5-c7b1-4f39-9b93-fbea12e405df reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1371/journal.pone.0157014 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f5ba1ac5-c7b1-4f39-9b93-fbea12e405df.yaml identifier: f5ba1ac5-c7b1-4f39-9b93-fbea12e405df uri: /reference/f5ba1ac5-c7b1-4f39-9b93-fbea12e405df - attrs: Abstract: "Background Climate change poses a major public health threat. A survey of U.S. local health department directors in 2008 found widespread recognition of the threat, but limited adaptive capacity, due to perceived lack of expertise and other resources. Methods We assessed changes between 2008 and 2012 in local public health departments' preparedness for the public health threats of climate change, in light of increasing national polarization on the issue, and widespread funding cutbacks for public health. A geographically representative online survey of directors of local public health departments was conducted in 2011–2012 (N = 174; response rate = 50%), and compared to the 2008 telephone survey results (N = 133; response rate = 61%). Results Significant polarization had occurred: more respondents in 2012 were certain that the threat of local climate change impacts does/does not exist, and fewer were unsure. Roughly 10% said it is not a threat, compared to 1% in 2008. Adaptation capacity decreased in several areas: perceived departmental expertise in climate change risk assessment; departmental prioritization of adaptation; and the number of adaptation-related programs and services departments provided. In 2008, directors' perceptions of local impacts predicted the number of adaptation-related programs and services their departments offered, but in 2012, funding predicted programming and directors' impact perceptions did not. This suggests that budgets were constraining directors' ability to respond to local climate change-related health threats. Results also suggest that departmental expertise may mitigate funding constraints. Strategies for overcoming these obstacles to local public health departments' preparations for climate change are discussed." Author: 'Roser-Renouf, Connie; Maibach, Edward W.; Li, Jennifer' DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151558 Issue: 3 Journal: PLOS ONE Pages: e0151558 Publisher: Public Library of Science Title: 'Adapting to the changing climate: An assessment of local health department preparations for climate change-related health threats, 2008-2012' Volume: 11 Year: 2016 _record_number: 24080 _uuid: f82a2e76-95bb-4a33-8877-8c16ca217397 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1371/journal.pone.0151558 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f82a2e76-95bb-4a33-8877-8c16ca217397.yaml identifier: f82a2e76-95bb-4a33-8877-8c16ca217397 uri: /reference/f82a2e76-95bb-4a33-8877-8c16ca217397 - attrs: Author: 'Ziegler, Carol; Morelli, Vincent; Fawibe, Omotayo' DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2016.09.017 Date: 2017/03/01/ ISSN: 0095-4543 Issue: 1 Journal: 'Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice' Keywords: Climate change; Global warming; Greenhouse gases; Greenhouse gas emissions; Patient education Pages: 171-184 Title: Climate change and underserved communities Volume: 44 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23895 _uuid: f85a7ac1-b6ad-49b6-ba44-881259d28775 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.pop.2016.09.017 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f85a7ac1-b6ad-49b6-ba44-881259d28775.yaml identifier: f85a7ac1-b6ad-49b6-ba44-881259d28775 uri: /reference/f85a7ac1-b6ad-49b6-ba44-881259d28775 - attrs: Author: 'Semenza, Jan C.; Joaquin Trinanes; Wolfgang Lohr; Bertrand Sudre; Margareta Löfdahl; Jaime Martinez-Urtaza; Gordon L. Nichols; Joacim Rocklöv' DOI: 10.1289/EHP2198 Issue: 10 Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives Pages: 107004 Title: 'Environmental suitability of Vibrio infections in a warming climate: An early warning system' Volume: 125 Year: 2017 _record_number: 25338 _uuid: f87eee42-afc9-4594-af20-4c5ddaf17c7e reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1289/EHP2198 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f87eee42-afc9-4594-af20-4c5ddaf17c7e.yaml identifier: f87eee42-afc9-4594-af20-4c5ddaf17c7e uri: /reference/f87eee42-afc9-4594-af20-4c5ddaf17c7e - attrs: Abstract: 'Heat waves are among the most dangerous climate-related hazards, and they are projected to increase in frequency and intensity over the coming century. Exposure to heat waves is a function of the spatial distribution of physical events and the corresponding population distribution, and future exposure will be impacted by changes in both distributions. Here, we project future exposure using ensembles of climate projections that account for the urban heat island effect, for two alternative emission scenarios (RCP4.5/RCP8.5) and two alternative population and urbanization (SSP3/SSP5) outcomes. We characterize exposure at the global, regional, and grid-cell level; estimate the exposure that would be avoided by mitigating future levels of climate change (to RCP4.5); and quantify the dependence of exposure on population outcomes. We find that climate change is a stronger determinant of exposure than demographic change in these scenarios, with a global reduction in exposure of over 50% under a lower emissions pathway, while a slower population growth pathway leads to roughly 30% less exposure. Exposure reduction varies at the regional level, but in almost all cases, the RCP remains more influential than the SSP. Uncertainty in outcomes is dominated by inter-annual variability in heat extremes (relative to variability across initial condition ensemble members). For some regions, this variability is large enough that a reduction in annual exposure is not guaranteed in each individual year by following the lower forcing pathway. Finally, we find that explicitly considering the urban heat island effect and separate urban and rural heat extremes and populations can substantially influence results, generally increasing projected exposure.' Author: 'Jones, Bryan; Tebaldi, Claudia; O’Neill, Brian C.; Oleson, Keith; Gao, Jing' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-017-2133-7 Date: February 01 ISSN: 1573-1480 Issue: 3 Journal: Climatic Change Pages: 423-437 Title: 'Avoiding population exposure to heat-related extremes: Demographic change vs climate change' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 146 Year: 2018 _record_number: 25322 _uuid: f9703346-dc6b-4b3e-aad6-2643c74f5292 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-017-2133-7 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f9703346-dc6b-4b3e-aad6-2643c74f5292.yaml identifier: f9703346-dc6b-4b3e-aad6-2643c74f5292 uri: /reference/f9703346-dc6b-4b3e-aad6-2643c74f5292 - attrs: Abstract: 'This review examined the likely impact of climate change upon food-borne disease in the UK using Campylobacter and Salmonella as example organisms. Campylobacter is an important food-borne disease and an increasing public health threat. There is a reasonable evidence base that the environment and weather play a role in its transmission to humans. However, uncertainty as to the precise mechanisms through which weather affects disease, make it difficult to assess the likely impact of climate change. There are strong positive associations between Salmonella cases and ambient temperature, and a clear understanding of the mechanisms behind this. However, because the incidence of Salmonella disease is declining in the UK, any climate change increases are likely to be small. For both Salmonella and Campylobacter the disease incidence is greatest in older adults and young children. There are many pathways through which climate change may affect food but only a few of these have been rigorously examined. This provides a high degree of uncertainty as to what the impacts of climate change will be. Food is highly controlled at the National and EU level. This provides the UK with resilience to climate change as well as potential to adapt to its consequences but it is unknown whether these are sufficient in the context of a changing climate.' Author: 'Lake, Iain R.' DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0327-0 Date: December 05 ISSN: 1476-069X Issue: 1 Journal: Environmental Health Pages: 117 Title: Food-borne disease and climate change in the United Kingdom Type of Article: journal article Volume: 16 Year: 2017 _record_number: 25319 _uuid: f9c23819-1207-495b-9b70-b81f37a78c8f reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1186/s12940-017-0327-0 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f9c23819-1207-495b-9b70-b81f37a78c8f.yaml identifier: f9c23819-1207-495b-9b70-b81f37a78c8f uri: /reference/f9c23819-1207-495b-9b70-b81f37a78c8f - attrs: Abstract: 'Episodes of severe weather in the United States, such as the present abundance of rainfall in California, are brandished as tangible evidence of the future costs of current climate trends. Hsiang et al. collected national data documenting the responses in six economic sectors to short-term weather fluctuations. These data were integrated with probabilistic distributions from a set of global climate models and used to estimate future costs during the remainder of this century across a range of scenarios (see the Perspective by Pizer). In terms of overall effects on gross domestic product, the authors predict negative impacts in the southern United States and positive impacts in some parts of the Pacific Northwest and New England.Science, this issue p. 1362; see also p. 1330Estimates of climate change damage are central to the design of climate policies. Here, we develop a flexible architecture for computing damages that integrates climate science, econometric analyses, and process models. We use this approach to construct spatially explicit, probabilistic, and empirically derived estimates of economic damage in the United States from climate change. The combined value of market and nonmarket damage across analyzed sectors—agriculture, crime, coastal storms, energy, human mortality, and labor—increases quadratically in global mean temperature, costing roughly 1.2% of gross domestic product per +1°C on average. Importantly, risk is distributed unequally across locations, generating a large transfer of value northward and westward that increases economic inequality. By the late 21st century, the poorest third of counties are projected to experience damages between 2 and 20% of county income (90% chance) under business-as-usual emissions (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5).' Author: 'Hsiang, Solomon; Kopp, Robert; Jina, Amir; Rising, James; Delgado, Michael; Mohan, Shashank; Rasmussen, D. J.; Muir-Wood, Robert; Wilson, Paul; Oppenheimer, Michael; Larsen, Kate; Houser, Trevor' DOI: 10.1126/science.aal4369 Issue: 6345 Journal: Science Pages: 1362-1369 Title: Estimating economic damage from climate change in the United States Volume: 356 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23965 _uuid: fad9e8ec-8951-4daa-9a9c-e093ef86af16 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.aal4369 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/fad9e8ec-8951-4daa-9a9c-e093ef86af16.yaml identifier: fad9e8ec-8951-4daa-9a9c-e093ef86af16 uri: /reference/fad9e8ec-8951-4daa-9a9c-e093ef86af16 - attrs: Author: 'Ogden, Nick H.; Lindsay, L. Robbin' DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2016.04.015 ISSN: 1471-4922 Issue: 8 Journal: Trends in Parasitology Pages: 646-656 Publisher: Elsevier Title: 'Effects of climate and climate change on vectors and vector-borne diseases: Ticks are different' Volume: 32 Year: 2016 _record_number: 26109 _uuid: fe91b27d-3625-468e-b7d2-40686e8a55a7 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.pt.2016.04.015 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/fe91b27d-3625-468e-b7d2-40686e8a55a7.yaml identifier: fe91b27d-3625-468e-b7d2-40686e8a55a7 uri: /reference/fe91b27d-3625-468e-b7d2-40686e8a55a7 - attrs: Author: 'Myers, Samuel S.; Wessells, K. Ryan; Kloog, Itai; Zanobetti, Antonella; Schwartz, Joel' DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00093-5 ISSN: 2214-109X Issue: 10 Journal: The Lancet Global Health Pages: e639-e645 Publisher: Elsevier Title: 'Effect of increased concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide on the global threat of zinc deficiency: A modelling study' Volume: 3 Year: 2015 _record_number: 24106 _uuid: ffc5112e-8b2d-4768-afac-f65d1545dbef reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00093-5 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ffc5112e-8b2d-4768-afac-f65d1545dbef.yaml identifier: ffc5112e-8b2d-4768-afac-f65d1545dbef uri: /reference/ffc5112e-8b2d-4768-afac-f65d1545dbef - attrs: Author: 'Ha, Sandie; Danping Liu; Yeyi Zhu; Sung Soo Kim; Seth Sherman; Pauline Mendola' DOI: 10.1289/EHP97 Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives Pages: 453-459 Title: Ambient temperature and early delivery of singleton pregnancies Volume: 125 Year: 2017 _record_number: 24122 _uuid: fff9b83e-10cf-4700-a26e-9461fefd7e5d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1289/EHP97 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/fff9b83e-10cf-4700-a26e-9461fefd7e5d.yaml identifier: fff9b83e-10cf-4700-a26e-9461fefd7e5d uri: /reference/fff9b83e-10cf-4700-a26e-9461fefd7e5d