--- - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Jagai, J.S.; Li, Quanlin; Wang, Shiliang; Messier, K.P.; Wade, Timothy J.; Hilborn, Elizabeth D.' DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408971 ISSN: 1552-9924 Issue: 9 Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives Pages: 873-879 Title: 'Extreme precipitation and emergency room visits for gastrointestinal illness in areas with and without combined sewer systems: An analysis of Massachusetts data, 2003-2007' Volume: 123 Year: 2015 _record_number: 19179 _uuid: d746e578-c6fd-4b73-8a3c-d91365668348 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1289/ehp.1408971 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d746e578-c6fd-4b73-8a3c-d91365668348.yaml identifier: d746e578-c6fd-4b73-8a3c-d91365668348 uri: /reference/d746e578-c6fd-4b73-8a3c-d91365668348 - attrs: Abstract: "Zika virus was identified in Uganda in 1947; since then, it has enveloped the tropics, causing disease of varying severity. Lessler et al. review the historical literature to remind us that Zika's neurotropism was observed in mice even before clinical case reports in Nigeria in 1953. What determines the clinical manifestations; how local conditions, vectors, genetics, and wild hosts affect transmission and geographical spread; what the best control strategy is; and how to develop effective drugs, vaccines, and diagnostics are all critical questions that are begging for data.Science, this issue p. 663BACKGROUNDFirst discovered in 1947, Zika virus (ZIKV) received little attention until a surge in microcephaly cases was reported after a 2015 outbreak in Brazil. The size of the outbreak and the severity of associated birth defects prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 1 February 2016. In response, there has been an explosion in research and planning as the global health community has turned its attention to understanding and controlling ZIKV. Still, much of the information needed to evaluate the global health threat from ZIKV is lacking. The global threat posed by any emerging pathogen depends on its epidemiology, its clinical features, and our ability to implement effective control measures. Whether introductions of ZIKV result in epidemics depends on local ecology, population immunity, regional demographics, and, to no small degree, random chance. The same factors determine whether the virus will establish itself as an endemic disease. The burden of ZIKV spread on human health is mediated by its natural history and pathogenesis, particularly during pregnancy, and our ability to control the virus’s spread. In this Review, we examine the empirical evidence for a global threat from ZIKV through the lens of these processes, examining historic and current evidence, as well as parallel processes in closely related viruses.ADVANCESBecause ZIKV was not recognized as an important disease in humans until recently, it was little studied before the recent crisis. Nevertheless, the limited data from the decades following its discovery provide important clues into ZIKV’s epidemiology and suggest that some populations were at risk for the virus for years in the mid-20th century, although this risk may predominantly have been the result of spillover infections from a sylvatic reservoir. Recent outbreaks on Yap Island (2007) and in French Polynesia (2014) provide the only previous observations of large epidemics and are the basis for the little that we do know about ZIKV’s acute symptoms (e.g., rash, fever, conjunctivitis, and arthralgia), the risk of birth defects, such as microcephaly (estimated to be 1 per 100 in French Polynesia), and the incidence of severe neurological outcomes (e.g., Guillain-Barré is estimated to occur in approximately 2 out of every 10,000 cases). The observation of an association between ZIKV and a surge in microcephaly cases in Brazil and the subsequent declaration of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the WHO have rapidly accelerated research into the virus. Small, but very important, studies have begun to identify the substantial risk the virus can pose throughout a pregnancy, and careful surveillance has established that ZIKV can be transmitted sexually. Numerous modeling studies have helped to estimate the potential range of ZIKV and measured its reproductive number R0 (estimates range from 1.4 to 6.6), a key measure of transmissibility in a number of settings. Still, it remains unclear whether the recent epidemic in the Americas is the result of fundamental changes in the virus or merely a chance event.OUTLOOKZIKV research is progressing rapidly, and over the coming months and years our understanding of the virus will undoubtedly deepen considerably. Key questions about the virus’s range, its ability to persist, and its clinical severity will be answered as the current epidemic in the Americas runs its cou se. Moving forward, it is important that information on ZIKV be placed within the context of its effect on human health and that we remain cognizant of the structure of postinvasion epidemic dynamics as we respond to this emerging threat. The effect of ZIKV is a function of the local transmission regime and viral pathogenesis.(A) Many countries cannot maintain ongoing vector-mediated ZIKV transmission and are only at risk from importation by travelers and limited onward transmission (e.g., through sex). (B) If conditions are appropriate, importations can lead to postinvasion epidemics with high incidence across age ranges, after which the virus may go locally extinct or remain endemic. (C) There is evidence of ongoing ZIKV incidence in humans over years (e.g., a 1952 serosurvey in Nigeria), but it is unknown whether this is the result of ongoing circulation in humans or frequent spillover infections from a sylvatic cycle. (D) In other areas, ZIKV appears to have been maintained in animals with few human infections. (E) The majority of infections are asymptomatic, and severe outcomes, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, are rare. (F) However, there is considerable risk of microcephaly and other fetal sequelae when infection occurs during pregnancy.First discovered in 1947, Zika virus (ZIKV) infection remained a little-known tropical disease until 2015, when its apparent association with a considerable increase in the incidence of microcephaly in Brazil raised alarms worldwide. There is limited information on the key factors that determine the extent of the global threat from ZIKV infection and resulting complications. Here, we review what is known about the epidemiology, natural history, and public health effects of ZIKV infection, the empirical basis for this knowledge, and the critical knowledge gaps that need to be filled." Author: 'Lessler, Justin; Chaisson, Lelia H.; Kucirka, Lauren M.; Bi, Qifang; Grantz, Kyra; Salje, Henrik; Carcelen, Andrea C.; Ott, Cassandra T.; Sheffield, Jeanne S.; Ferguson, Neil M.; Cummings, Derek A. T.; Metcalf, C. Jessica E.; Rodriguez-Barraquer, Isabel' DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf8160 Issue: 6300 Journal: Science Title: Assessing the global threat from Zika virus Volume: 353 Year: 2016 _record_number: 24071 _uuid: d802722a-1f2c-4b64-932e-74e17a1c2209 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.aaf8160 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d802722a-1f2c-4b64-932e-74e17a1c2209.yaml identifier: d802722a-1f2c-4b64-932e-74e17a1c2209 uri: /reference/d802722a-1f2c-4b64-932e-74e17a1c2209 - attrs: Author: 'Lowe, Rachel; Caio AS Coelho; Christovam Barcellos; Marilia Sá Carvalho; Rafael De Castro Catão; Giovanini E Coelho; Walter Massa Ramalho; Trevor C Bailey; David B Stephenson; Xavier Rodó ' DOI: 10.7554/eLife.11285 Journal: eLIFE Pages: e11285 Title: Evaluating probabilistic dengue risk forecasts from a prototype early warning system for Brazil Volume: 5 Year: 2016 _record_number: 24114 _uuid: d903a4ad-f3f6-484a-baaa-468f5928e740 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.7554/eLife.11285 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d903a4ad-f3f6-484a-baaa-468f5928e740.yaml identifier: d903a4ad-f3f6-484a-baaa-468f5928e740 uri: /reference/d903a4ad-f3f6-484a-baaa-468f5928e740 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Cushing, Lara J.; Madeline Wander; Rachel Morello-Frosch; Manuel Pastor; Allen Zhu; James Sadd' Institution: USC Dornsife Pages: 17 Place Published: 'Los Angeles, CA' Series Volume: Program for Environmental and Regional Equity (PERE) Publication Title: A Preliminary Environmental Equity Assessment Of California’s Cap-and-Trade Program URL: https://dornsife.usc.edu/assets/sites/242/docs/Climate_Equity_Brief_CA_Cap_and_Trade_Sept2016_FINAL2.pdf Year: 2016 _record_number: 24131 _uuid: dae0a009-a0ca-498e-ab92-12d1bd644db7 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/preliminary-environmental-equity-assessment-californias-cap-and-trade-program href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/dae0a009-a0ca-498e-ab92-12d1bd644db7.yaml identifier: dae0a009-a0ca-498e-ab92-12d1bd644db7 uri: /reference/dae0a009-a0ca-498e-ab92-12d1bd644db7 - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: 'Beard, Charles B.; Eisen, Rebecca J.; Barker, Christopher M.; Garofalo, Jada F.; Hahn, Micah; Hayden, Mary; Monaghan, Andrew J.; Ogden, Nicholas H.; Schramm, Paul J.' Book Title: 'The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment' DOI: 10.7930/J0765C7V Pages: 129–156 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: ' U.S. Global Change Research Program' Title: 'Ch. 5: Vector-borne diseases ' Year: 2016 _record_number: 19377 _uuid: dbfb7cd9-7c82-43ea-a4e2-9e2eb0b851fd reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/vectorborne-diseases href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/dbfb7cd9-7c82-43ea-a4e2-9e2eb0b851fd.yaml identifier: dbfb7cd9-7c82-43ea-a4e2-9e2eb0b851fd uri: /reference/dbfb7cd9-7c82-43ea-a4e2-9e2eb0b851fd - attrs: Abstract: 'Objectives. To evaluate health impacts of drought during the most severe drought in California’s recorded history with a rapid assessment method.Methods. We conducted Community Assessments for Public Health Emergency Response during October through November 2015 in Tulare County and Mariposa County to evaluate household water access, acute stressors, exacerbations of chronic diseases and behavioral health issues, and financial impacts. We evaluated pairwise associations by logistic regression with pooled data.Results. By assessment area, households reported not having running water (3%–12%); impacts on finances (25%–39%), property (39%–54%), health (10%–20%), and peace of mind (33%–61%); worsening of a chronic disease (16%–46%); acute stress (8%–26%); and considering moving (14%–34%). Impacts on finances or property were each associated with impacts on health and peace of mind, and acute stress.Conclusions. Drought-impacted households might perceive physical and mental health effects and might experience financial or property impacts related to the drought.Public Health Implications. Local jurisdictions should consider implementing drought assistance programs, including behavioral health, and consider rapid assessments to inform public health action.' Author: 'Barreau, Tracy; David Conway; Karen Haught; Rebecca Jackson; Richard Kreutzer; Andrew Lockman; Sharon Minnick; Rachel Roisman; David Rozell; Svetlana Smorodinsky; Dana Tafoya; Jason A. Wilken' DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2017.303695 Issue: 5 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Pages: 783-790 Title: 'Physical, mental, and financial impacts from drought in two California counties, 2015' Volume: 107 Year: 2017 _record_number: 24142 _uuid: dde27300-db21-434e-a44e-4aae19cbe8a4 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.2105/ajph.2017.303695 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/dde27300-db21-434e-a44e-4aae19cbe8a4.yaml identifier: dde27300-db21-434e-a44e-4aae19cbe8a4 uri: /reference/dde27300-db21-434e-a44e-4aae19cbe8a4 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Island Press,' Institution: Island Press and the Kresge Foundation Pages: 36 Place Published: 'Washington, DC and Troy, MI' Title: 'Bounce Forward: Urban Resilience in the Era of Climate Change' URL: https://kresge.org/sites/default/files/Bounce-Forward-Urban-Resilience-in-Era-of-Climate-Change-2015.pdf Year: 2015 _record_number: 25323 _uuid: e00dbf25-7f96-4894-9182-5a9955bb2df3 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/bounce-forward-urban-resilience-era-climate-change href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e00dbf25-7f96-4894-9182-5a9955bb2df3.yaml identifier: e00dbf25-7f96-4894-9182-5a9955bb2df3 uri: /reference/e00dbf25-7f96-4894-9182-5a9955bb2df3 - attrs: Abstract: 'To aid health adaptation decision-making, there are increasing efforts to provide climate projections at finer temporal and spatial scales. Relying solely on projected climate changes for longer-term decisions makes the implicit assumption that sources of vulnerability other than climate change will remain the same, which is not very probable. Over longer time horizons, this approach likely over estimates the extent to which climate change could alter the magnitude and pattern of health outcomes, introducing systematic bias into health management decisions. To balance this potential bias, decision-makers also need projections of other drivers of health outcomes that are, like climate change, recognized determinants of some disease burdens. Incorporating projections via an iterative process that allows for regular updates based on new knowledge and experience has the potential to improve the utility of fine-scale climate projections in health system adaptation to climate change.' Author: 'Ebi, Kristie L.; Hess, Jeremy J.; Isaksen, Tania Busch' DOI: 10.1007/s40572-016-0077-0 Date: March 01 ISSN: 2196-5412 Issue: 1 Journal: Current Environmental Health Reports Pages: 99-105 Title: Using uncertain climate and development information in health adaptation planning Type of Article: journal article Volume: 3 Year: 2016 _record_number: 24058 _uuid: e3c4d3b0-5fa1-446c-8af4-1f466e312f99 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s40572-016-0077-0 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e3c4d3b0-5fa1-446c-8af4-1f466e312f99.yaml identifier: e3c4d3b0-5fa1-446c-8af4-1f466e312f99 uri: /reference/e3c4d3b0-5fa1-446c-8af4-1f466e312f99 - attrs: Abstract: 'This study quantified the impacts of climate change on human health through undernourishment using two economic measures. First, changes in morbidity and mortality due to nine diseases caused by being underweight as a child were analyzed using a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model with changes in the labor force, population, and demands for healthcare taken into consideration. Second, changes in mortality were taken from the CGE simulation and assessed economically by the value of lives lost and willingness to pay to reduce the risk. Model uncertainties in future crop yields and climate conditions were considered using future projections from six global crop models and five global climate models. We found that the economic valuation of healthy lives lost due to undernourishment under climate change was equivalent to −0.4 % to 0.0 % of global gross domestic product (GDP) and was regionally heterogeneous, ranging from −4.0 % to 0.0 % of regional GDP in 2100. In contrast, the actual economic losses associated with the effects of additional health expenditure and the decrease in the labor force due to undernourishment resulting from climate change corresponded to a − 0.1 % to 0.0 % change in GDP and a − 0.2 % to 0.0 % change in household consumption, respectively, at the global level.' Author: 'Hasegawa, Tomoko; Fujimori, Shinichiro; Takahashi, Kiyoshi; Yokohata, Tokuta; Masui, Toshihiko' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-016-1606-4 Date: May 01 ISSN: 1573-1480 Issue: 2 Journal: Climatic Change Pages: 189-202 Title: Economic implications of climate change impacts on human health through undernourishment Type of Article: journal article Volume: 136 Year: 2016 _record_number: 25326 _uuid: e68d35d6-086b-4044-a56a-d023149c0551 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-016-1606-4 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e68d35d6-086b-4044-a56a-d023149c0551.yaml identifier: e68d35d6-086b-4044-a56a-d023149c0551 uri: /reference/e68d35d6-086b-4044-a56a-d023149c0551 - attrs: Abstract: 'Valley fever is endemic to the southwestern United States. Humans contract this fungal disease by inhaling spores of Coccidioides spp. Changes in the environment can influence the abundance and dispersal of Coccidioides spp., causing fluctuations in valley fever incidence. We combined county‐level case records from state health agencies to create a regional valley fever database for the southwestern United States, including Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. We used this data set to explore how environmental factors influenced the spatial pattern and temporal dynamics of valley fever incidence during 2000–2015. We compiled climate and environmental geospatial data sets from multiple sources to compare with valley fever incidence. These variables included air temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, surface dust concentration, normalized difference vegetation index, and cropland area. We found that valley fever incidence was greater in areas with warmer air temperatures and drier soils. The mean annual cycle of incidence varied throughout the southwestern United States and peaked following periods of low precipitation and soil moisture. From year‐to‐year, however, autumn incidence was higher following cooler, wetter, and productive springs in the San Joaquin Valley of California. In southcentral Arizona, incidence increased significantly through time. By 2015, incidence in this region was more than double the rate in the San Joaquin Valley. Our analysis provides a framework for interpreting the influence of climate change on valley fever incidence dynamics. Our results may allow the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to improve their estimates of the spatial pattern and intensity of valley fever endemicity.' Author: 'Gorris, M. E.; L. A. Cat; C. S. Zender; K. K. Treseder; J. T. Randerson' DOI: 10.1002/2017GH000095 Issue: 1 Journal: GeoHealth Pages: 6-24 Title: Coccidioidomycosis dynamics in relation to climate in the southwestern United States Volume: 2 Year: 2018 _record_number: 25334 _uuid: e7604efd-b24b-43f7-93b9-5046de36a18a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/2017GH000095 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e7604efd-b24b-43f7-93b9-5046de36a18a.yaml identifier: e7604efd-b24b-43f7-93b9-5046de36a18a uri: /reference/e7604efd-b24b-43f7-93b9-5046de36a18a - attrs: Abstract: 'The association between food insecurity and mental health is established. Increasingly, associations between drought and mental health and drought and food insecurity have been observed in a number of countries. The impact of drought on the association between food insecurity and mental health has received little attention.' Author: 'Friel, Sharon; Berry, Helen; Dinh, Huong; O’Brien, Léan; Walls, Helen L.' DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1102 Date: October 24 ISSN: 1471-2458 Issue: 1 Journal: BMC Public Health Pages: 1102 Title: The impact of drought on the association between food security and mental health in a nationally representative Australian sample Type of Article: journal article Volume: 14 Year: 2014 _record_number: 24126 _uuid: e967634e-e689-46ef-ac7b-51c962ecd582 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1102 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e967634e-e689-46ef-ac7b-51c962ecd582.yaml identifier: e967634e-e689-46ef-ac7b-51c962ecd582 uri: /reference/e967634e-e689-46ef-ac7b-51c962ecd582 - attrs: Abstract: 'Some rare heatwaves have extreme daily mortality impacts; moderate heatwaves have lower daily impacts but occur much more frequently at present and so account for large aggregated impacts. We applied health-based models to project trends in high-mortality heatwaves, including proportion of all heatwaves expected to be high-mortality, using the definition that a high-mortality heatwave increases mortality risk by ≥20 %. We projected these trends in 82 US communities in 2061–2080 under two scenarios of climate change (RCP4.5, RCP8.5), two scenarios of population change (SSP3, SSP5), and three scenarios of community adaptation to heat (none, lagged, on-pace) for large- and medium-ensemble versions of the National Center for Atmospheric Research’s Community Earth System Model. More high-mortality heatwaves were expected compared to present under all scenarios except on-pace adaptation, and population exposure was expected to increase under all scenarios. At least seven more high-mortality heatwaves were expected in a twenty-year period in the 82 study communities under RCP8.5 than RCP4.5 when assuming no adaptation. However, high-mortality heatwaves were expected to remain <1 % of all heatwaves and heatwave exposure under all scenarios. Projections were most strongly influenced by the adaptation scenario—going from a scenario of on-pace to lagged adaptation or from lagged to no adaptation more than doubled the projected number of and exposure to high-mortality heatwaves. Based on our results, fewer high-mortality heatwaves are expected when following RCP4.5 versus RCP8.5 and under higher levels of adaptation, but high-mortality heatwaves are expected to remain a very small proportion of total heatwave exposure.' Author: 'Anderson, G. Brooke; Oleson, Keith W.; Jones, Bryan; Peng, Roger D.' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-016-1779-x Date: August 30 ISSN: 1573-1480 Journal: Climatic Change Title: 'Projected trends in high-mortality heatwaves under different scenarios of climate, population, and adaptation in 82 US communities' Type of Article: journal article Year: 2016 _record_number: 24145 _uuid: ea2ea20a-5d62-49ac-a89b-9a7951711a1b reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-016-1779-x href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ea2ea20a-5d62-49ac-a89b-9a7951711a1b.yaml identifier: ea2ea20a-5d62-49ac-a89b-9a7951711a1b uri: /reference/ea2ea20a-5d62-49ac-a89b-9a7951711a1b - attrs: Author: 'Wolch, Jennifer R.; Byrne, Jason; Newell, Joshua P.' DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.017 Journal: Landscape and Urban Planning Keywords: added by ERG Pages: 234-244 Title: 'Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: The challenge of making cities "just green enough"' Volume: 125 Year: 2014 _record_number: 23142 _uuid: ea8728bd-b961-4115-98d9-f834d50568ab reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.017 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ea8728bd-b961-4115-98d9-f834d50568ab.yaml identifier: ea8728bd-b961-4115-98d9-f834d50568ab uri: /reference/ea8728bd-b961-4115-98d9-f834d50568ab - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Gonzalez, Rosa; other contributors,' Institution: National Association of Climate Resilience Planners Series Editor: Taj James; Jovida Ross Title: 'Community-driven climate resilience planning: A framework, version 2.0' URL: http://movementstrategy.org/b/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/WEB-CD-CRP_Updated-5.11.17.pdf Year: 2017 _record_number: 24028 _uuid: ec4d3830-c3b9-491b-9bc0-facccd717e00 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/community-driven-climate-resilience-planning-framework-version-20 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ec4d3830-c3b9-491b-9bc0-facccd717e00.yaml identifier: ec4d3830-c3b9-491b-9bc0-facccd717e00 uri: /reference/ec4d3830-c3b9-491b-9bc0-facccd717e00 - attrs: Author: 'Schulte, P. A.; Bhattacharya, A.; Butler, C. R.; Chun, H. K.; Jacklitsch, B.; Jacobs, T.; Kiefer, M.; Lincoln, J.; Pendergrass, S.; Shire, J.; Watson, J.; Wagner, G. R.' DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2016.1179388 Date: 2016/11/01 ISSN: 1545-9624 Issue: 11 Journal: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene Pages: 847-865 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Title: Advancing the framework for considering the effects of climate change on worker safety and health Volume: 13 Year: 2016 _record_number: 25313 _uuid: edf0082f-a1b6-48ef-b8d4-e20a458e4bc8 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1080/15459624.2016.1179388 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/edf0082f-a1b6-48ef-b8d4-e20a458e4bc8.yaml identifier: edf0082f-a1b6-48ef-b8d4-e20a458e4bc8 uri: /reference/edf0082f-a1b6-48ef-b8d4-e20a458e4bc8 - attrs: Author: 'Forman, Fonna; Solomon, Gina; Morello-Frosch, Rachel; Pezzoli, Keith' DOI: 10.1525/collabra.67 Issue: 1 Journal: Collabra Pages: 22 Title: 'Chapter 8. Bending the curve and closing the gap: Climate justice and public health' Volume: 2 Year: 2016 _record_number: 25329 _uuid: efed1341-a8a0-4743-8ec6-5fa87142a4e3 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1525/collabra.67 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/efed1341-a8a0-4743-8ec6-5fa87142a4e3.yaml identifier: efed1341-a8a0-4743-8ec6-5fa87142a4e3 uri: /reference/efed1341-a8a0-4743-8ec6-5fa87142a4e3 - attrs: Abstract: 'Several individual-level factors are known to promote psychological resilience in the aftermath of disasters. Far less is known about the role of community-level factors in shaping postdisaster mental health. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of both individual- and community-level factors on resilience after Hurricane Sandy. A representative sample of household residents (N = 418) from 293 New York City census tracts that were most heavily affected by the storm completed telephone interviews approximately 13–16 months postdisaster. Multilevel multivariable models explored the independent and interactive contributions of individual- and community-level factors to posttraumatic stress and depression symptoms. At the individual-level, having experienced or witnessed any lifetime traumatic event was significantly associated with higher depression and posttraumatic stress, whereas demographic characteristics (e.g., older age, non-Hispanic Black race) and more disaster-related stressors were significantly associated with higher posttraumatic stress only. At the community-level, living in an area with higher social capital was significantly associated with higher posttraumatic stress. Additionally, higher community economic development was associated with lower risk of depression only among participants who did not experience any disaster-related stressors. These results provide evidence that individual- and community-level resources and exposure operate in tandem to shape postdisaster resilience.' Author: 'Lowe, Sarah R.; Sampson, Laura; Gruebner, Oliver; Galea, Sandro' DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125761 Issue: 5 Journal: PLOS ONE Pages: e0125761 Publisher: Public Library of Science Title: 'Psychological resilience after Hurricane Sandy: The influence of individual- and community-level factors on mental health after a large-scale natural disaster' Volume: 10 Year: 2015 _record_number: 24074 _uuid: f0d93632-880b-473f-9ab3-a39c815a9d17 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1371/journal.pone.0125761 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f0d93632-880b-473f-9ab3-a39c815a9d17.yaml identifier: f0d93632-880b-473f-9ab3-a39c815a9d17 uri: /reference/f0d93632-880b-473f-9ab3-a39c815a9d17 - attrs: Abstract: 'Preventing heat-associated morbidity and mortality is a public health priority in Maricopa County, Arizona (United States). The objective of this project was to evaluate Maricopa County cooling centers and gain insight into their capacity to provide relief for the public during extreme heat events. During the summer of 2014, 53 cooling centers were evaluated to assess facility and visitor characteristics. Maricopa County staff collected data by directly observing daily operations and by surveying managers and visitors. The cooling centers in Maricopa County were often housed within community, senior, or religious centers, which offered various services for at least 1500 individuals daily. Many visitors were unemployed and/or homeless. Many learned about a cooling center by word of mouth or by having seen the cooling center’s location. The cooling centers provide a valuable service and reach some of the region’s most vulnerable populations. This project is among the first to systematically evaluate cooling centers from a public health perspective and provides helpful insight to community leaders who are implementing or improving their own network of cooling centers.' Author: 'Berisha, Vjollca; David Hondula; Matthew Roach; Jessica R. White; Benita McKinney; Darcie Bentz; Ahmed Mohamed; Joshua Uebelherr; Kate Goodin' DOI: 10.1175/wcas-d-16-0033.1 Issue: 1 Journal: 'Weather, Climate, and Society' Keywords: 'Climate change,Emergency preparedness,Societal impacts' Pages: 71-80 Title: 'Assessing adaptation strategies for extreme heat: A public health evaluation of cooling centers in Maricopa County, Arizona' Volume: 9 Year: 2017 _record_number: 24138 _uuid: f0f92922-8e59-42f9-b94b-1ca2f2b239f4 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1175/wcas-d-16-0033.1 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f0f92922-8e59-42f9-b94b-1ca2f2b239f4.yaml identifier: f0f92922-8e59-42f9-b94b-1ca2f2b239f4 uri: /reference/f0f92922-8e59-42f9-b94b-1ca2f2b239f4 - attrs: .reference_type: 9 Author: USGCRP DOI: 10.7930/J0R49NQX Number of Pages: 312 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program Title: 'The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment' Year: 2016 _record_number: 19368 _uuid: f1e633d5-070a-4a7d-935b-a2281a0c9cb6 reftype: Book child_publication: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f1e633d5-070a-4a7d-935b-a2281a0c9cb6.yaml identifier: f1e633d5-070a-4a7d-935b-a2281a0c9cb6 uri: /reference/f1e633d5-070a-4a7d-935b-a2281a0c9cb6 - attrs: Author: 'Chretien, Jean-Paul; Assaf Anyamba; Jennifer Small; Seth Britch; Jose L. Sanchez; Alaina C. Halbach; Compton Tucker; Kenneth J. Linthicum' DOI: 10.1371/currents.outbreaks.95fbc4a8fb4695e049baabfc2fc8289f Journal: PLOS Currents Outbreaks Pages: Edition 1 Title: 'Global climate anomalies and potential infectious disease risks: 2014-2015' Volume: 2015 Year: 2015 _record_number: 24133 _uuid: f22294d5-f052-4908-9eb7-4d8cdbe0c5b9 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1371/currents.outbreaks.95fbc4a8fb4695e049baabfc2fc8289f href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f22294d5-f052-4908-9eb7-4d8cdbe0c5b9.yaml identifier: f22294d5-f052-4908-9eb7-4d8cdbe0c5b9 uri: /reference/f22294d5-f052-4908-9eb7-4d8cdbe0c5b9 - attrs: Abstract: 'The intensely active 2017 Atlantic basin hurricane season provided an opportunity to examine how climate drivers, including warming oceans and rising seas, exacerbated tropical cyclone hazards. The season also highlighted the unique vulnerabilities of populations residing on Small Island Developing States (SIDS) to the catastrophic potential of these storms. During 2017, 22 of the 29 Caribbean SIDS were affected by at least one named storm, and multiple SIDS experienced extreme damage. This paper aims to review the multiplicity of storm impacts on Caribbean SIDS throughout the 2017 season, to explicate the influences of climate drivers on storm formation and intensity, to explore the propensity of SIDS to sustain severe damage and prolonged disruption of essential services, to document the spectrum of public health consequences, and to delineate the daunting hurdles that challenged emergency response and recovery operations for island-based, disaster-affected populations. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;page 1 of 13)' Author: 'Shultz, James M.; Kossin, James P.; Shepherd, J. Marshall; Ransdell, Justine M.; Walshe, Rory; Kelman, Ilan; Galea, Sandro' DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2018.28 Database Provider: Cambridge University Press EPub Date: 2018/04/06 ISSN: 1935-7893 Journal: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness Keywords: climate change; climate driver; disaster; disaster response; hazard; health consequences; hurricane; risk; Small Island Developing States; tropical cyclone; tropical storm; vulnerability Name of Database: Cambridge Core Pages: 1-13 Publisher: Cambridge University Press Title: 'Risk, health consequences, and response challenges for small-island-based populations: Observations from the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season' Year: 2018 _record_number: 25240 _uuid: f27d73b2-8618-4674-a111-a92276930d26 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1017/dmp.2018.28 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f27d73b2-8618-4674-a111-a92276930d26.yaml identifier: f27d73b2-8618-4674-a111-a92276930d26 uri: /reference/f27d73b2-8618-4674-a111-a92276930d26 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'DHS,' Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Title: 'Homeland Infrastructure Foundation-Level Data (HIFLD) [web tool]' URL: https://hifld-geoplatform.opendata.arcgis.com/ Year: 2018 _record_number: 26116 _uuid: f40f0493-f23a-476c-9900-2dd34eb7fd6a reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/0fbdd9b1-e4d0-45d0-af1e-1f8d94e484b6 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f40f0493-f23a-476c-9900-2dd34eb7fd6a.yaml identifier: f40f0493-f23a-476c-9900-2dd34eb7fd6a uri: /reference/f40f0493-f23a-476c-9900-2dd34eb7fd6a - attrs: Author: 'Vins, Holly; Bell, Jesse; Saha, Shubhayu; Hess, Jeremy' DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121013251 ISSN: 1660-4601 Issue: 10 Journal: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Pages: 13251 Title: 'The mental health outcomes of drought: A systematic review and causal process diagram' Volume: 12 Year: 2015 _record_number: 23879 _uuid: f5b5a424-29ee-4cd3-a179-68668613933d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3390/ijerph121013251 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f5b5a424-29ee-4cd3-a179-68668613933d.yaml identifier: f5b5a424-29ee-4cd3-a179-68668613933d uri: /reference/f5b5a424-29ee-4cd3-a179-68668613933d - attrs: Abstract: 'The U.S. health care sector is highly interconnected with industrial activities that emit much of the nation’s pollution to air, water, and soils. We estimate emissions directly and indirectly attributable to the health care sector, and potential harmful effects on public health. Negative environmental and public health outcomes were estimated through economic input-output life cycle assessment (EIOLCA) modeling using National Health Expenditures (NHE) for the decade 2003–2013 and compared to national totals. In 2013, the health care sector was also responsible for significant fractions of national air pollution emissions and impacts, including acid rain (12%), greenhouse gas emissions (10%), smog formation (10%) criteria air pollutants (9%), stratospheric ozone depletion (1%), and carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic air toxics (1–2%). The largest contributors to impacts are discussed from both the supply side (EIOLCA economic sectors) and demand side (NHE categories), as are trends over the study period. Health damages from these pollutants are estimated at 470,000 DALYs lost from pollution-related disease, or 405,000 DALYs when adjusted for recent shifts in power generation sector emissions. These indirect health burdens are commensurate with the 44,000–98,000 people who die in hospitals each year in the U.S. as a result of preventable medical errors, but are currently not attributed to our health system. Concerted efforts to improve environmental performance of health care could reduce expenditures directly through waste reduction and energy savings, and indirectly through reducing pollution burden on public health, and ought to be included in efforts to improve health care quality and safety.' Author: 'Eckelman, Matthew J.; Sherman, Jodi' DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157014 Issue: 6 Journal: PLOS ONE Pages: e0157014 Publisher: Public Library of Science Title: Environmental impacts of the U.S. health care system and effects on public health Volume: 11 Year: 2016 _record_number: 24128 _uuid: f5ba1ac5-c7b1-4f39-9b93-fbea12e405df reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1371/journal.pone.0157014 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f5ba1ac5-c7b1-4f39-9b93-fbea12e405df.yaml identifier: f5ba1ac5-c7b1-4f39-9b93-fbea12e405df uri: /reference/f5ba1ac5-c7b1-4f39-9b93-fbea12e405df