--- - attrs: Abstract: 'Understanding how impacts may differ across alternative levels of future climate change is necessary to inform mitigation and adaptation measures. The Benefits of Reduced Anthropogenic Climate changE (BRACE) project assesses the differences in impacts between two specific climate futures: a higher emissions future with global average temperature increasing about 3.7 °C above pre-industrial levels toward the end of the century and a moderate emissions future with global average warming of about 2.5 °C. BRACE studies in this special issue quantify avoided impacts on physical, managed, and societal systems in terms of extreme events, health, agriculture, and tropical cyclones. Here we describe the conceptual framework and design of BRACE and synthesize its results. Methodologically, the project combines climate modeling, statistical analysis, and impact assessment and draws heavily on large ensembles using the Community Earth System Model. It addresses uncertainty in future societal change by employing two pathways for future socioeconomic development. Results show that the benefits of reduced climate change within this framework vary substantially across types of impacts. In many cases, especially related to extreme heat events, there are substantial benefits to mitigation. The benefits for some heat extremes are statistically significant in some regions as early as the 2020s and are widespread by mid-century. Benefits are more modest for agriculture and exposure to some health risks. Benefits are negative for agriculture when CO2 fertilization is incorporated. For several societal impacts, the effect on outcomes of alternative future societal development pathways is substantially larger than the effect of the two climate scenarios.' Author: 'O’Neill, Brian C.; M. Done, James; Gettelman, Andrew; Lawrence, Peter; Lehner, Flavio; Lamarque, Jean-Francois; Lin, Lei; J. Monaghan, Andrew; Oleson, Keith; Ren, Xiaolin; M. Sanderson, Benjamin; Tebaldi, Claudia; Weitzel, Matthias; Xu, Yangyang; Anderson, Brooke; Fix, Miranda J.; Levis, Samuel' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-017-2009-x Date: July 26 ISSN: 1573-1480 Journal: Climatic Change Title: 'The Benefits of Reduced Anthropogenic Climate changE (BRACE): A synthesis' Type of Article: journal article Year: 2017 _record_number: 24077 _uuid: 0006123e-10a3-4501-a89c-95a7921a9c3d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-017-2009-x href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0006123e-10a3-4501-a89c-95a7921a9c3d.yaml identifier: 0006123e-10a3-4501-a89c-95a7921a9c3d uri: /reference/0006123e-10a3-4501-a89c-95a7921a9c3d - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'Using ensembles from the Community Earth System Model (CESM) under a high and a lower emission scenarios, we investigate changes in statistics of extreme daily temperature. The ensembles provide large samples for a robust application of extreme value theory. We estimate return values and return periods for annual maxima of the daily high and low temperatures as well as the 3-day averages of the same variables in current and future climate. Results indicate statistically significant increases (compared to the reference period of 1996–2005) in extreme temperatures over all land areas as early as 2025 under both scenarios, with statistically significant differences between them becoming pervasive over the globe by 2050. The substantially smaller changes, for all indices, produced under the lower emission case translate into sizeable benefits from emission mitigation: By 2075, in terms of reduced changes in 1-day heat extremes, about 95 % of land regions would see benefits of 1 °C or more under the lower emissions scenario, and 50 % or more of the land areas would benefit by at least 2 °C. 6 % of the land area would benefit by 3 °C or more in projected extreme minimum temperatures and 13 % would benefit by this amount for extreme maximum temperature. Benefits for 3-day metrics are similar. The future frequency of current extremes is also greatly reduced by mitigation: by the end of the century, under RCP8.5 more than half the land area experiences the current 20-year events every year while only between about 10 and 25 % of the area is affected by such severe changes under RCP4.5.' Author: 'Tebaldi, Claudia; Wehner, Michael F.' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-016-1605-5 ISSN: 1573-1480 Journal: Climatic Change Pages: 1-13 Title: Benefits of mitigation for future heat extremes under RCP4.5 compared to RCP8.5 Volume: First online Year: 2016 _record_number: 20060 _uuid: 00234d41-c8e2-49c1-8b7a-8a2c0ad9b6df reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-016-1605-5 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/00234d41-c8e2-49c1-8b7a-8a2c0ad9b6df.yaml identifier: 00234d41-c8e2-49c1-8b7a-8a2c0ad9b6df uri: /reference/00234d41-c8e2-49c1-8b7a-8a2c0ad9b6df - attrs: Author: 'Ngo, Nicole S.; Horton, Radley M.' DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.11.016 Date: 2016/01/01/ ISSN: 0013-9351 Journal: Environmental Research Keywords: Climate change; Fetal health; Urban sustainability Pages: 158-164 Title: 'Climate change and fetal health: The impacts of exposure to extreme temperatures in New York City' Volume: 144 Year: 2016 _record_number: 25317 _uuid: 00935259-887c-4e73-a936-90759dd846e1 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.envres.2015.11.016 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/00935259-887c-4e73-a936-90759dd846e1.yaml identifier: 00935259-887c-4e73-a936-90759dd846e1 uri: /reference/00935259-887c-4e73-a936-90759dd846e1 - attrs: Abstract: 'Climate change is expected to cause extensive shifts in the epidemiology of infectious and vector-borne diseases. Scenarios on the effects of climate change typically attribute altered distribution of communicable diseases to a rise in average temperature and altered incidence of infectious diseases to weather extremes. Methods Recent evaluations of the effects of climate change on Hawaii have not explored this link. It may be expected that Hawaii’s natural geography and robust water, sanitation, and health care infrastructure renders residents less vulnerable to many threats that are the focus on smaller, lesser developed, and more vulnerable Pacific islands. In addition, Hawaii’s communicable disease surveillance and response system can act rapidly to counter increases in any disease above baseline and to redirect resources to deal with changes, particularly outbreaks due to exotic pathogens. Results The evidence base examined in this article consistently revealed very low climate sensitivity with respect to infectious and mosquito-borne diseases. Conclusions A community resilience model is recommended to increase adaptive capacity for all possible climate change impacts rather an approach that focuses specifically on communicable diseases. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:797–804)' Author: 'Canyon, Deon V.; Speare, Rick; Burkle, Frederick M.' DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2016.73 Database Provider: Cambridge University Press EPub Date: 2016/08/12 ISSN: 1935-7893 Issue: 6 Journal: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness Keywords: infectious disease medicine; emergency preparedness; disease outbreaks; disaster planning Name of Database: Cambridge Core Pages: 797-804 Publisher: Cambridge University Press Title: Forecasted impact of climate change on infectious disease and health security in Hawaii by 2050 Volume: 10 Year: 2016 _record_number: 26102 _uuid: 02346c4a-5ec5-4adf-8067-a07210aaeed0 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1017/dmp.2016.73 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/02346c4a-5ec5-4adf-8067-a07210aaeed0.yaml identifier: 02346c4a-5ec5-4adf-8067-a07210aaeed0 uri: /reference/02346c4a-5ec5-4adf-8067-a07210aaeed0 - attrs: Abstract: 'In addition to serving as vectors of several other human pathogens, the black-legged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, and western black-legged tick, Ixodes pacificus Cooley and Kohls, are the primary vectors of the spirochete ( Borrelia burgdorferi ) that causes Lyme disease, the most common vector-borne disease in the United States. Over the past two decades, the geographic range of I. pacificus has changed modestly while, in contrast, the I. scapularis range has expanded substantially, which likely contributes to the concurrent expansion in the distribution of human Lyme disease cases in the Northeastern, North-Central and Mid-Atlantic states. Identifying counties that contain suitable habitat for these ticks that have not yet reported established vector populations can aid in targeting limited vector surveillance resources to areas where tick invasion and potential human risk are likely to occur. We used county-level vector distribution information and ensemble modeling to map the potential distribution of I. scapularis and I. pacificus in the contiguous United States as a function of climate, elevation, and forest cover. Results show that I. pacificus is currently present within much of the range classified by our model as suitable for establishment. In contrast, environmental conditions are suitable for I. scapularis to continue expanding its range into northwestern Minnesota, central and northern Michigan, within the Ohio River Valley, and inland from the southeastern and Gulf coasts. Overall, our ensemble models show suitable habitat for I. scapularis in 441 eastern counties and for I. pacificus in 11 western counties where surveillance records have not yet supported classification of the counties as established.' Author: 'Hahn, Micah B.; Jarnevich, Catherine S.; Monaghan, Andrew J.; Eisen, Rebecca J.' DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw076 ISSN: 0022-2585 Issue: 5 Journal: Journal of Medical Entomology Notes: 10.1093/jme/tjw076 Pages: 1176-1191 Title: 'Modeling the geographic distribution of Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the contiguous United States' Volume: 53 Year: 2016 _record_number: 24067 _uuid: 05669ed2-397c-40de-b3bd-c54decb66e5c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1093/jme/tjw076 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/05669ed2-397c-40de-b3bd-c54decb66e5c.yaml identifier: 05669ed2-397c-40de-b3bd-c54decb66e5c uri: /reference/05669ed2-397c-40de-b3bd-c54decb66e5c - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Guenther, Robin; Balbus, John' Publisher: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Title: 'Primary Protection: Enhancing Health Care Resilience for a Changing Climate' URL: https://toolkit.climate.gov/sites/default/files/SCRHCFI%20Best%20Practices%20Report%20final2%202014%20Web.pdf Year: 2014 _record_number: 19365 _uuid: 05ee299b-0f67-41b4-98c8-7f06718799fc reftype: Report child_publication: /report/hhs-resilience-2014 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/05ee299b-0f67-41b4-98c8-7f06718799fc.yaml identifier: 05ee299b-0f67-41b4-98c8-7f06718799fc uri: /reference/05ee299b-0f67-41b4-98c8-7f06718799fc - attrs: Abstract: 'In this Focus article, the authors ask a seemingly simple question: Are harmful algal blooms (HABs) becoming the greatest inland water quality threat to public health and aquatic ecosystems? When HAB events require restrictions on fisheries, recreation, and drinking water uses of inland water bodies significant economic consequences result. Unfortunately, the magnitude, frequency, and duration of HABs in inland waters are poorly understood across spatiotemporal scales and differentially engaged among states, tribes, and territories. Harmful algal bloom impacts are not as predictable as those from conventional chemical contaminants, for which water quality assessment and management programs were primarily developed, because interactions among multiple natural and anthropogenic factors determine the likelihood and severity to which a HAB will occur in a specific water body. These forcing factors can also affect toxin production. Beyond site-specific water quality degradation caused directly by HABs, the presence of HAB toxins can negatively influence routine surface water quality monitoring, assessment, and management practices. Harmful algal blooms present significant challenges for achieving water quality protection and restoration goals when these toxins confound interpretation of monitoring results and environmental quality standards implementation efforts for other chemicals and stressors. Whether HABs presently represent the greatest threat to inland water quality is debatable, though in inland waters of developed countries they typically cause more severe acute impacts to environmental quality than conventional chemical contamination events. The authors identify several timely research needs. Environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry, and risk-assessment expertise must interface with ecologists, engineers, and public health practitioners to engage the complexities of HAB assessment and management, to address the forcing factors for HAB formation, and to reduce the threats posed to inland surface water quality. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:6–13. © 2015 SETAC' Author: 'Brooks, Bryan W.; Lazorchak, James M.; Howard, Meredith D.A.; Johnson, Mari-Vaughn V.; Morton, Steve L.; Perkins, Dawn A.K.; Reavie, Euan D.; Scott, Geoffrey I.; Smith, Stephanie A.; Steevens, Jeffery A.' DOI: 10.1002/etc.3220 Issue: 1 Journal: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Pages: 6-13 Title: Are harmful algal blooms becoming the greatest inland water quality threat to public health and aquatic ecosystems? Volume: 35 Year: 2016 _record_number: 26103 _uuid: 06fbcf75-3eca-4b63-93ab-a34b11e3fff4 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/etc.3220 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/06fbcf75-3eca-4b63-93ab-a34b11e3fff4.yaml identifier: 06fbcf75-3eca-4b63-93ab-a34b11e3fff4 uri: /reference/06fbcf75-3eca-4b63-93ab-a34b11e3fff4 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'EPA,' Institution: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Pages: 271 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Series Volume: EPA 430‐R‐17‐001 Title: 'Multi-model Framework for Quantitative Sectoral Impacts Analysis: A Technical Report for the Fourth National Climate Assessment' URL: https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_Report.cfm?dirEntryId=335095 Year: 2017 _record_number: 21365 _uuid: 0b30f1ab-e4c4-4837-aa8b-0e19faccdb94 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/epa-multi-model-framework-for-quantitative-sectoral-impacts-analysis-2017 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0b30f1ab-e4c4-4837-aa8b-0e19faccdb94.yaml identifier: 0b30f1ab-e4c4-4837-aa8b-0e19faccdb94 uri: /reference/0b30f1ab-e4c4-4837-aa8b-0e19faccdb94 - attrs: Author: 'Lamond, Jessica Elizabeth; Joseph, Rotimi D.; Proverbs, David G.' DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.04.008 Date: 2015/07/01/ ISSN: 0013-9351 Journal: Environmental Research Keywords: Flood memory; PTSD; Anxiety; Frequent flooding; Flood impact; Mental health; Flood recovery Pages: 325-334 Title: An exploration of factors affecting the long term psychological impact and deterioration of mental health in flooded households Volume: 140 Year: 2015 _record_number: 24069 _uuid: 0bbad3bb-b424-4f35-8cb3-2b7c883852be reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.envres.2015.04.008 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0bbad3bb-b424-4f35-8cb3-2b7c883852be.yaml identifier: 0bbad3bb-b424-4f35-8cb3-2b7c883852be uri: /reference/0bbad3bb-b424-4f35-8cb3-2b7c883852be - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: 'Bell, Jesse E.; Herring, Stephanie C. ; Jantarasami, Lesley; Adrianopoli, Carl; Benedict, Kaitlin; Conlon, Kathryn; Escobar, Vanessa; Hess, Jeremy; Luvall, Jeffrey; Garcia-Pando, Carlos Perez ; Quattrochi, Dale; Runkle, Jennifer; Schreck, Carl J., III' Book Title: 'The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment' DOI: 10.7930/J0BZ63ZV Pages: 99–128 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program Title: 'Ch. 4: Impacts of extreme events on human health' Year: 2016 _record_number: 19376 _uuid: 0e186af3-bf5b-49ae-82cc-cf1a1a5a7c25 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/extreme-events href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0e186af3-bf5b-49ae-82cc-cf1a1a5a7c25.yaml identifier: 0e186af3-bf5b-49ae-82cc-cf1a1a5a7c25 uri: /reference/0e186af3-bf5b-49ae-82cc-cf1a1a5a7c25 - attrs: Author: 'Ryan, Sadie J.; McNally, Amy; Johnson, Leah R.; Mordecai, Erin A.; Ben-Horin, Tal; Paaijmans, Krijn; Lafferty, Kevin D.' DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2015.1822 Date: 2015/12/01 ISSN: 1530-3667 Issue: 12 Journal: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Pages: 718-725 Publisher: 'Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers' Title: Mapping physiological suitability limits for malaria in Africa under climate change Volume: 15 Year: 2015 _record_number: 24090 _uuid: 0fc0ccc3-c530-4099-b6e1-e04f2cfd4237 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1089/vbz.2015.1822 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0fc0ccc3-c530-4099-b6e1-e04f2cfd4237.yaml identifier: 0fc0ccc3-c530-4099-b6e1-e04f2cfd4237 uri: /reference/0fc0ccc3-c530-4099-b6e1-e04f2cfd4237 - attrs: Abstract: 'The effect of global climate change on infectious disease remains hotly debated because multiple extrinsic and intrinsic drivers interact to influence transmission dynamics in nonlinear ways. The dominant drivers of widespread pathogens, like West Nile virus, can be challenging to identify due to regional variability in vector and host ecology, with past studies producing disparate findings. Here, we used analyses at national and state scales to examine a suite of climatic and intrinsic drivers of continental-scale West Nile virus epidemics, including an empirically derived mechanistic relationship between temperature and transmission potential that accounts for spatial variability in vectors. We found that drought was the primary climatic driver of increased West Nile virus epidemics, rather than within-season or winter temperatures, or precipitation independently. Local-scale data from one region suggested drought increased epidemics via changes in mosquito infection prevalence rather than mosquito abundance. In addition, human acquired immunity following regional epidemics limited subsequent transmission in many states. We show that over the next 30 years, increased drought severity from climate change could triple West Nile virus cases, but only in regions with low human immunity. These results illustrate how changes in drought severity can alter the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases.' Author: 'Paull, Sara H.; Horton, Daniel E.; Ashfaq, Moetasim; Rastogi, Deeksha; Kramer, Laura D.; Diffenbaugh, Noah S.; Kilpatrick, A. Marm' DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2078 Issue: 1848 Journal: 'Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences' Title: Drought and immunity determine the intensity of West Nile virus epidemics and climate change impacts Volume: 284 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23690 _uuid: 110b6896-b3e8-4af4-9c57-70cd5dcc49b0 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1098/rspb.2016.2078 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/110b6896-b3e8-4af4-9c57-70cd5dcc49b0.yaml identifier: 110b6896-b3e8-4af4-9c57-70cd5dcc49b0 uri: /reference/110b6896-b3e8-4af4-9c57-70cd5dcc49b0 - attrs: Author: 'Bathi, Jejal Reddy; Das, Himangshu S.' DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13020239 ISSN: 1660-4601 Issue: 2 Journal: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Pages: 239 Title: Vulnerability of coastal communities from storm surge and flood disasters Volume: 13 Year: 2016 _record_number: 24141 _uuid: 115163fe-d259-4944-87a9-6225e5010c41 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3390/ijerph13020239 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/115163fe-d259-4944-87a9-6225e5010c41.yaml identifier: 115163fe-d259-4944-87a9-6225e5010c41 uri: /reference/115163fe-d259-4944-87a9-6225e5010c41 - attrs: Abstract: 'Heat waves can be lethal and routinely prompt public warnings about the dangers of heat. With climate change, extreme heat events will become more frequent and intense. However, little is known about public awareness of heat warnings or behaviors during hot weather. Awareness of heat warnings, prevention behaviors, and air conditioning (AC) prevalence and use in New York City were assessed using quantitative and qualitative methods. A random sample telephone survey was conducted in September 2011 among 719 adults and follow-up focus groups were held in winter 2012 among seniors and potential senior caregivers. During summer 2011, 79 % of adults heard or saw a heat warning. Of the 24 % who were seniors or in fair or poor health, 34 % did not own AC or never/rarely used it on hot days. Of this subgroup, 30 % were unaware of warnings, and 49 % stay home during hot weather. Reasons for not using AC during hot weather include disliking AC (29 %), not feeling hot (19 %), and a preference for fans (18 %). Seniors in the focus groups did not perceive themselves to be at risk, and often did not identify AC as an important health protection strategy. While heat warnings are received by most New Yorkers, AC cost, risk perception problems, and a preference for staying home leave many at risk during heat waves. Improving AC access and risk communications will help better protect the most vulnerable during heat waves.' Author: 'Lane, Kathryn; Wheeler, Katherine; Charles-Guzman, Kizzy; Ahmed, Munerah; Blum, Micheline; Gregory, Katherine; Graber, Nathan; Clark, Nancy; Matte, Thomas' DOI: 10.1007/s11524-013-9850-7 Date: June 01 ISSN: 1468-2869 Issue: 3 Journal: Journal of Urban Health Pages: 403-414 Title: Extreme heat awareness and protective behaviors in New York City Type of Article: journal article Volume: 91 Year: 2014 _record_number: 24117 _uuid: 126dc0cf-87a4-472a-80ac-619a1c258fa0 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s11524-013-9850-7 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/126dc0cf-87a4-472a-80ac-619a1c258fa0.yaml identifier: 126dc0cf-87a4-472a-80ac-619a1c258fa0 uri: /reference/126dc0cf-87a4-472a-80ac-619a1c258fa0 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Garfin, Gregg M.; LeRoy, Sarah; Jones, Hunter' DOI: 10.7289/V5930R6Q Institution: Institute of the Environment Pages: 63 Place Published: 'Tucson, AZ' Title: Developing an Integrated Heat Health Information System for Long-Term Resilience to Climate and Weather Extremes in the El Paso-Juárez-Las Cruces Region Year: 2017 _record_number: 24125 _uuid: 12ce2788-69d3-4b06-9799-34d7130b090c reftype: Report child_publication: /report/developing-an-integrated-heat-health-information-system-long-term-resilience-climate-weather-extremes-el-paso-jurez-las-cruces-region href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/12ce2788-69d3-4b06-9799-34d7130b090c.yaml identifier: 12ce2788-69d3-4b06-9799-34d7130b090c uri: /reference/12ce2788-69d3-4b06-9799-34d7130b090c - attrs: Author: 'Griffin, Daniel; Anchukaitis, Kevin J.' DOI: 10.1002/2014GL062433 ISSN: 1944-8007 Issue: 24 Journal: Geophysical Research Letters Keywords: drought; tree rings; paleoclimate; 1637 Regional climate change; 1812 Drought; 1884 Water supply; 3344 Paleoclimatology; 4920 Dendrochronology Pages: 9017-9023 Title: How unusual is the 2012–2014 California drought? Volume: 41 Year: 2014 _record_number: 23772 _uuid: 133fec6d-8a4b-47e6-a1f0-c986ecf70780 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/2014GL062433 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/133fec6d-8a4b-47e6-a1f0-c986ecf70780.yaml identifier: 133fec6d-8a4b-47e6-a1f0-c986ecf70780 uri: /reference/133fec6d-8a4b-47e6-a1f0-c986ecf70780 - attrs: Abstract: 'Background On October 29th, 2012, Hurricane Sandy caused a storm surge interrupting electricity with disruption to Manhattan’s (New York, USA) health care infrastructure. Beth Israel Medical Center (BIMC) was the only fully functioning major hospital in lower Manhattan during and after Hurricane Sandy. The impact on emergency department (ED) and hospital use by geriatric patients in lower Manhattan was studied. Methods The trends of ED visits and hospitalizations in the immediate post-Sandy phase (IPS) during the actual blackout (October 29 through November 4, 2012), and the extended post-Sandy phase (EPS), when neighboring hospitals were still incapacitated (November 5, 2012 through February 10, 2013), were analyzed with baseline. The analysis was broken down by age groups (18-64, 65-79, and 80+ years old) and included the reasons for ED visits and admissions. Results During the IPS, there was a significant increase in geriatric visits (from 11% to 16.5% in the 65-79 age group, and from 6.5% to 13% in the 80+ age group) as well as in hospitalizations (from 22.7% to 25.2% in the 65-79 age group, and from 17.6% to 33.8% in the 80+ age group). However, these proportions returned to baseline during the EPS. The proportions of the categories “dialysis,” “respiratory device,” “social,” and “syncope” in geriatric patients in ED visits were significantly higher than younger patients. The increases of the categories “medication,” “dialysis,” “respiratory device,” and “social” represented two-thirds of absolute increase in both ED visits and admissions for the 65-79 age group, and half of the absolute increase in ED visits for the 80+ age group. The categories “social” and “respiratory device” peaked one day after the disaster, “dialysis” peaked two days after, and “medication” peaked three days after in ED visit analysis. Conclusions There was a disproportionate increase in ED visits and hospitalizations in the geriatric population compared with the younger population during the IPS. The primary factor of the disproportionate impact on the geriatric population appears to be from indirect effects of the hurricane, mainly due to the subsequent power outages, such as “dialysis,” “respiratory device,” and “social.” Further investigation by chart review may provide more insights to better aid with future disaster preparedness. Gotanda H , Fogel J , Husk G , Levine JM , Peterson M , Baumlin K , Habboushe J . Hurricane Sandy: Impact on Emergency Department and Hospital Utilization by Older Adults in Lower Manhattan, New York (USA). Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(5):496–502.' Author: 'Gotanda, Hiroshi; Fogel, Joyce; Husk, Gregg; Levine, Jeffrey M.; Peterson, Monte; Baumlin, Kevin; Habboushe, Joseph' DOI: 10.1017/S1049023X15005087 Database Provider: Cambridge University Press EPub Date: 09/15 ISSN: 1049-023X Issue: 5 Journal: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine Keywords: disaster planning; geriatrics; public health Name of Database: Cambridge Core Pages: 496-502 Publisher: Cambridge University Press Title: 'Hurricane Sandy: Impact on emergency department and hospital utilization by older adults in Lower Manhattan, New York (USA)' Volume: 30 Year: 2015 _record_number: 24124 _uuid: 139e52f1-c486-4f93-aa79-67b3f1dc7e02 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1017/S1049023X15005087 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/139e52f1-c486-4f93-aa79-67b3f1dc7e02.yaml identifier: 139e52f1-c486-4f93-aa79-67b3f1dc7e02 uri: /reference/139e52f1-c486-4f93-aa79-67b3f1dc7e02 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'Becker, Emily' Place Published: 'Silver Spring, MD' Publisher: 'National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Climate.gov' Title: 'June 2016 ENSO Discussion: The New Neutral' URL: https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/enso/june-enso-discussion-new-neutral Year: 2016 _record_number: 24151 _uuid: 14f846a7-837f-4470-a2c3-3127574e1c05 reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/8dfc7b3b-c28d-4557-b679-1d7e5e2959ab href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/14f846a7-837f-4470-a2c3-3127574e1c05.yaml identifier: 14f846a7-837f-4470-a2c3-3127574e1c05 uri: /reference/14f846a7-837f-4470-a2c3-3127574e1c05 - attrs: Abstract: 'This paper introduces a scalable "climate health justice" model for assessing and projecting incidence, treatment costs, and sociospatial disparities for diseases with well-documented climate change linkages. The model is designed to employ low-cost secondary data, and it is rooted in a perspective that merges normative environmental justice concerns with theoretical grounding in health inequalities. Since the model employs International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) disease codes, it is transferable to other contexts, appropriate for use across spatial scales, and suitable for comparative analyses. We demonstrate the utility of the model through analysis of 2008-2010 hospitalization discharge data at state and county levels in Texas (USA). We identified several disease categories (i.e., cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, heat-related, and respiratory) associated with climate change, and then selected corresponding ICD-9 codes with the highest hospitalization counts for further analyses. Selected diseases include ischemic heart disease, diarrhea, heat exhaustion/cramps/stroke/syncope, and asthma. Cardiovascular disease ranked first among the general categories of diseases for age-adjusted hospital admission rate (5286.37 per 100,000). In terms of specific selected diseases (per 100,000 population), asthma ranked first (517.51), followed by ischemic heart disease (195.20), diarrhea (75.35), and heat exhaustion/cramps/stroke/syncope (7.81). Charges associated with the selected diseases over the 3-year period amounted to US$5.6 billion. Blacks were disproportionately burdened by the selected diseases in comparison to non-Hispanic whites, while Hispanics were not. Spatial distributions of the selected disease rates revealed geographic zones of disproportionate risk. Based upon a down-scaled regional climate-change projection model, we estimate a >5% increase in the incidence and treatment costs of asthma attributable to climate change between the baseline and 2040-2050 in Texas. Additionally, the inequalities described here will be accentuated, with blacks facing amplified health disparities in the future. These predicted trends raise both intergenerational and distributional climate health justice concerns. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.' Author: 'McDonald, Y. J.; Grineski, S. E.; Collins, T. W.; Kim, Y. A.' DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.032 Date: May ISSN: 0277-9536 Journal: Social Science & Medicine Keywords: climate justice; Health Pages: 242-252 Title: A scalable climate health justice assessment model Volume: 133 Year: 2015 _record_number: 22786 _uuid: 176f1216-a5cf-4ad9-852d-3bf41a0d87ec reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.032 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/176f1216-a5cf-4ad9-852d-3bf41a0d87ec.yaml identifier: 176f1216-a5cf-4ad9-852d-3bf41a0d87ec uri: /reference/176f1216-a5cf-4ad9-852d-3bf41a0d87ec - attrs: Author: 'Smith, M. R.; Golden, C. D.; Myers, S. S.' DOI: 10.1002/2016GH000018 ISSN: 2471-1403 Issue: 6 Journal: GeoHealth Keywords: iron deficiency; climate change; global health; nutrition; 4322 Health impact; 4901 Abrupt/rapid climate change Pages: 248-257 Title: Potential rise in iron deficiency due to future anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions Volume: 1 Year: 2017 _record_number: 24097 _uuid: 1839c00f-e69e-4e50-a22b-57324daaaa32 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/2016GH000018 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1839c00f-e69e-4e50-a22b-57324daaaa32.yaml identifier: 1839c00f-e69e-4e50-a22b-57324daaaa32 uri: /reference/1839c00f-e69e-4e50-a22b-57324daaaa32 - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: 'Sarofim, Marcus C.; Saha, Shubhayu; Hawkins, Michelle D.; Mills, David M.; Hess, Jeremy; Horton, Radley; Kinney, Patrick; Schwartz, Joel; St. Juliana, Alexis' Book Title: 'The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment' DOI: 10.7930/J0MG7MDX Pages: 43–68 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program Title: 'Ch. 2: Temperature-related death and illness' Year: 2016 _record_number: 19374 _uuid: 1ad1d794-bc57-4e48-ab28-0e2b65767cb9 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/temperature-related-death-and-illness href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1ad1d794-bc57-4e48-ab28-0e2b65767cb9.yaml identifier: 1ad1d794-bc57-4e48-ab28-0e2b65767cb9 uri: /reference/1ad1d794-bc57-4e48-ab28-0e2b65767cb9 - attrs: Author: 'Hellberg, Rosalee S.; Chu, Eric' DOI: 10.3109/1040841X.2014.972335 Date: 2016/07/03 ISSN: 1040-841X Issue: 4 Journal: Critical Reviews in Microbiology Pages: 548-572 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Title: 'Effects of climate change on the persistence and dispersal of foodborne bacterial pathogens in the outdoor environment: A review' Volume: 42 Year: 2016 _record_number: 25325 _uuid: 1b017bee-78c8-4e75-a218-cc47ae89446a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3109/1040841X.2014.972335 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1b017bee-78c8-4e75-a218-cc47ae89446a.yaml identifier: 1b017bee-78c8-4e75-a218-cc47ae89446a uri: /reference/1b017bee-78c8-4e75-a218-cc47ae89446a - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: 'Ziska, Lewis; Crimmins, Allison; Auclair, Allan; DeGrasse, Stacey; Garofalo, Jada F.; Khan, Ali S.; Loladze, Irakli; Pérez de León, Adalberto A.; Showler, Allan; Thurston, Jeanette; Walls, Isabel' Book Title: 'The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment' DOI: 10.7930/J0ZP4417 Pages: 189–216 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program Title: 'Ch. 7: Food safety, nutrition, and distribution' Year: 2016 _record_number: 19379 _uuid: 1ef11bf5-fb98-4f4f-905d-4990936ef52f reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/food-safety-nutrition-and-distribution href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1ef11bf5-fb98-4f4f-905d-4990936ef52f.yaml identifier: 1ef11bf5-fb98-4f4f-905d-4990936ef52f uri: /reference/1ef11bf5-fb98-4f4f-905d-4990936ef52f - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Knowlton, K.\rRotkin-Ellman, M.\rGeballe, L.\rMax, W.\rSolomon, G.M." DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0229 ISSN: 0278-2715 Issue: 11 Journal: Health Affairs Pages: 2167-2176 Title: Six climate change-related events in the United States accounted for about $14 billion in lost lives and health costs Volume: 30 Year: 2011 _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL"]' _record_number: 1545 _uuid: 21f384a2-0dcf-4c1a-b1c0-add8b0e7506c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0229 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/21f384a2-0dcf-4c1a-b1c0-add8b0e7506c.yaml identifier: 21f384a2-0dcf-4c1a-b1c0-add8b0e7506c uri: /reference/21f384a2-0dcf-4c1a-b1c0-add8b0e7506c - attrs: Author: 'Roth, Marcie' DOI: 10.1080/00963402.2018.1436808 Date: 2018/03/04 ISSN: 0096-3402 Issue: 2 Journal: Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Pages: 91-94 Publisher: Routledge Title: A resilient community is one that includes and protects everyone Volume: 74 Year: 2018 _record_number: 26110 _uuid: 228aa11c-d3bb-4307-ada4-d30c60feafed reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1080/00963402.2018.1436808 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/228aa11c-d3bb-4307-ada4-d30c60feafed.yaml identifier: 228aa11c-d3bb-4307-ada4-d30c60feafed uri: /reference/228aa11c-d3bb-4307-ada4-d30c60feafed - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Medina, Angel; Rodriguez, Alicia; Magan, Naresh' DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00348 ISSN: 1664-302X Issue: 348 Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology Title: Effect of climate change on Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin B1 production Volume: 5 Year: 2014 _chapter: Ch6 _record_number: 16206 _uuid: 22dc1579-7325-4f43-bac6-949f59609066 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00348 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/22dc1579-7325-4f43-bac6-949f59609066.yaml identifier: 22dc1579-7325-4f43-bac6-949f59609066 uri: /reference/22dc1579-7325-4f43-bac6-949f59609066 - attrs: Author: 'Jiang, Chengsheng; Shaw, Kristi S.; Upperman, Crystal R.; Blythe, David; Mitchell, Clifford; Murtugudde, Raghu; Sapkota, Amy R.; Sapkota, Amir' DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.06.006 Date: 2015/10/01/ ISSN: 0160-4120 Journal: Environment International Keywords: Climate change; Salmonellosis; Coastal vulnerability; El Niño; La Niña Pages: 58-62 Title: 'Climate change, extreme events and increased risk of salmonellosis in Maryland, USA: Evidence for coastal vulnerability' Volume: 83 Year: 2015 _record_number: 21766 _uuid: 2312e80f-cec5-445e-aad0-ce60c9ea29e2 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.envint.2015.06.006 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2312e80f-cec5-445e-aad0-ce60c9ea29e2.yaml identifier: 2312e80f-cec5-445e-aad0-ce60c9ea29e2 uri: /reference/2312e80f-cec5-445e-aad0-ce60c9ea29e2 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Kaplan, Susan; Blair Sadler; Kevin Little; Calvin Franz; Peter Orris' Institution: The Commonwealth Fund Pages: 13 Place Published: 'New York, NY' Series Volume: Commonwealth Fund Pub. 1641 Title: Can sustainable hospitals help bend the health care cost curve? URL: http://www.commonwealthfund.org/~/media/files/publications/issue-brief/2012/nov/1641_kaplan_can_sustainable_hosps_bend_cost_curve_ib.pdf Year: 2012 _record_number: 24119 _uuid: 24e1363e-1ab5-4385-a673-7672704d6da3 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/can-sustainable-hospitals-help-bend-health-care-cost-curve href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/24e1363e-1ab5-4385-a673-7672704d6da3.yaml identifier: 24e1363e-1ab5-4385-a673-7672704d6da3 uri: /reference/24e1363e-1ab5-4385-a673-7672704d6da3 - attrs: Author: 'Vickery, Jamie; Hunter, Lori M.' DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2015.1045644 Date: 2016/01/02 ISSN: 0894-1920 Issue: 1 Journal: Society & Natural Resources Pages: 36-52 Publisher: Routledge Title: 'Native Americans: Where in environmental justice research?' Volume: 29 Year: 2016 _record_number: 25311 _uuid: 25a6aed4-2794-45bc-8211-03d093ddc35b reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1080/08941920.2015.1045644 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/25a6aed4-2794-45bc-8211-03d093ddc35b.yaml identifier: 25a6aed4-2794-45bc-8211-03d093ddc35b uri: /reference/25a6aed4-2794-45bc-8211-03d093ddc35b - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Loladze, Irakli' DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5347(02)02587-9 ISSN: 1872-8383 Issue: 10 Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution Pages: 457-461 Title: 'Rising atmospheric CO2 and human nutrition: Toward globally imbalanced plant stoichiometry?' Volume: 17 Year: 2002 _chapter: Ch6 _record_number: 16202 _uuid: 25f24b69-e072-4bba-9a18-282938f62190 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/s0169-5347(02)02587-9 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/25f24b69-e072-4bba-9a18-282938f62190.yaml identifier: 25f24b69-e072-4bba-9a18-282938f62190 uri: /reference/25f24b69-e072-4bba-9a18-282938f62190 - attrs: Author: 'Chapra, Steven C.; Boehlert, Brent; Fant, Charles; Bierman, Victor J.; Henderson, Jim; Mills, David; Mas, Diane M. L.; Rennels, Lisa; Jantarasami, Lesley; Martinich, Jeremy; Strzepek, Kenneth M.; Paerl, Hans W.' DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01498 Date: 2017/08/15 ISSN: 0013-936X Issue: 16 Journal: Environmental Science & Technology Pages: 8933-8943 Publisher: American Chemical Society Title: 'Climate change impacts on harmful algal blooms in U.S. freshwaters: A screening-level assessment' Volume: 51 Year: 2017 _record_number: 21473 _uuid: 28077cd1-c29f-48ae-a068-2cdcef880807 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1021/acs.est.7b01498 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/28077cd1-c29f-48ae-a068-2cdcef880807.yaml identifier: 28077cd1-c29f-48ae-a068-2cdcef880807 uri: /reference/28077cd1-c29f-48ae-a068-2cdcef880807 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Rudolph, Linda; Solange Gould; Jeffrey Berko' Institution: Public Health Institute Pages: 56 Place Published: 'Oakland, CA' Title: 'Climate change, health, and equity: Opportunities for action' URL: http://www.phi.org/uploads/application/files/h7fjouo1i38v3tu427p9s9kcmhs3oxsi7tsg1fovh3yesd5hxu.pdf Year: 2015 _record_number: 24101 _uuid: 289728b3-ae8b-417e-920e-96af1a5e64b3 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/climate-change-health-equity-opportunities-action href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/289728b3-ae8b-417e-920e-96af1a5e64b3.yaml identifier: 289728b3-ae8b-417e-920e-96af1a5e64b3 uri: /reference/289728b3-ae8b-417e-920e-96af1a5e64b3 - attrs: Abstract: 'Climate change threatens the health of urban residents in many ways. This qualitative study aims to understand how six U.S. cities are considering health adaptation when responding to climate change; 65 semistructured interviews were conducted with salient stakeholders across six U.S. cities (Boston, Massachusetts; Los Angeles, California; Portland, Oregon; Raleigh, North Carolina; Tampa, Florida; and Tucson, Arizona), and transcripts were analyzed to identify common themes. Each city’s (or county’s) most recent climate action plan was also analyzed. This study found that interviewees’ ability to understand the connection between climate and health was a major determinant for health adaptation implementation. In addition, institutional fragmentation in governance made it difficult to incorporate health concerns into broader climate planning. However, cross-sectoral collaborations and considerations of health cobenefits were shown to help overcome these barriers. These findings offer valuable insight regarding how policy makers and practitioners can safeguard public health from the effects of climate change.' Author: 'Shimamoto, Mark M.; Sabrina McCormick' DOI: 10.1175/wcas-d-16-0142.1 Issue: 4 Journal: 'Weather, Climate, and Society' Keywords: 'Social Science,Disease,Emergency preparedness,Flood events,Heat islands,Societal impacts' Pages: 777-785 Title: 'The role of health in urban climate adaptation: An analysis of six U.S. cities' Volume: 9 Year: 2017 _record_number: 24082 _uuid: 2e9e29a1-e420-4d1f-b12b-53ccde149660 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1175/wcas-d-16-0142.1 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2e9e29a1-e420-4d1f-b12b-53ccde149660.yaml identifier: 2e9e29a1-e420-4d1f-b12b-53ccde149660 uri: /reference/2e9e29a1-e420-4d1f-b12b-53ccde149660 - attrs: Abstract: "Purpose Climate change is an emerging challenge linked to negative outcomes for the environment and human health. Since the 1960s, there has been a growing recognition of the need to address climate change and the impact of greenhouse gas emissions implicated in the warming of our planet. There are also deleterious health outcomes linked to complex climate changes that are emerging in the 21st century. This article addresses the social justice issues associated with climate change and human health and discussion of climate justice. Organizing Construct Discussion paper. Methods A literature search of electronic databases was conducted for articles, texts, and documents related to climate change, climate justice, and human health. Findings The literature suggests that those who contribute least to global warming are those who will disproportionately be affected by the negative health outcomes of climate change. The concept of climate justice and the role of the Mary Robinson Foundation—Climate Justice are discussed within a framework of nursing's professional responsibility and the importance of social justice for the world's people. The nursing profession must take a leadership role in engaging in policy and advocacy discussions in addressing the looming problems associated with climate change. Conclusions Nursing organizations have adopted resolutions and engaged in leadership roles to address climate change at the local, regional, national, and global level. It is essential that nurses embrace concepts related to social justice and engage in the policy debate regarding the deleterious effects on human health related to global warming and climate change. Nursing's commitment to social justice offers an opportunity to offer significant global leadership in addressing the health implications related to climate change. Clinical Relevance Recognizing the negative impacts of climate change on well‐being and the underlying socioeconomic reasons for their disproportionate and inequitable distribution can expand and optimize the profession's role in education, practice, research, and policy‐making efforts to address climate change." Author: 'Nicholas, Patrice K.; Suellen Breakey' DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12326 Issue: 6 Journal: Journal of Nursing Scholarship Pages: 606-616 Title: 'Climate change, climate justice, and environmental health: Implications for the nursing profession' Volume: 49 Year: 2017 _record_number: 25316 _uuid: 3071bfc6-69ad-40df-9de2-37ffdf8dc58a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1111/jnu.12326 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3071bfc6-69ad-40df-9de2-37ffdf8dc58a.yaml identifier: 3071bfc6-69ad-40df-9de2-37ffdf8dc58a uri: /reference/3071bfc6-69ad-40df-9de2-37ffdf8dc58a - attrs: Author: 'Aldunce, Paulina; Beilin, Ruth; Handmer, John; Howden, Mark' DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2015.1134427 Date: 2016/01/02 ISSN: 1747-7891 Issue: 1 Journal: Environmental Hazards Pages: 58-73 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Title: Stakeholder participation in building resilience to disasters in a changing climate Volume: 15 Year: 2016 _record_number: 24147 _uuid: 310a452b-67cd-458c-8a4d-056dba42ecef reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1080/17477891.2015.1134427 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/310a452b-67cd-458c-8a4d-056dba42ecef.yaml identifier: 310a452b-67cd-458c-8a4d-056dba42ecef uri: /reference/310a452b-67cd-458c-8a4d-056dba42ecef - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Clayton, Susan; Manning, Christie; Krygsman, Kirra; Speiser, Meighen' Institution: American Psychological Association and ecoAmerica Pages: 69 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Title: 'Mental health and our changing climate: Impacts, implications, and guidance' URL: https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2017/03/mental-health-climate.pdf Year: 2017 _record_number: 23204 _uuid: 349d443c-b692-4b9d-8b1b-a22887a292a7 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/mental-health-our-changing-climate-impacts-implications-guidance href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/349d443c-b692-4b9d-8b1b-a22887a292a7.yaml identifier: 349d443c-b692-4b9d-8b1b-a22887a292a7 uri: /reference/349d443c-b692-4b9d-8b1b-a22887a292a7 - attrs: Author: 'White-Newsome, Jalonne Lynay' DOI: 10.1080/00064246.2016.1188353 Date: 2016/07/02 ISSN: 0006-4246 Issue: 3 Journal: The Black Scholar Pages: 12-26 Publisher: Routledge Title: A policy approach toward climate justice Volume: 46 Year: 2016 _record_number: 24093 _uuid: 35b1782d-ec59-40d5-b051-c5a80e2516e1 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1080/00064246.2016.1188353 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/35b1782d-ec59-40d5-b051-c5a80e2516e1.yaml identifier: 35b1782d-ec59-40d5-b051-c5a80e2516e1 uri: /reference/35b1782d-ec59-40d5-b051-c5a80e2516e1 - attrs: Author: 'Medek, Danielle E.; Joel Schwartz; Samuel S. Myers' DOI: 10.1289/EHP41 Issue: 8 Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives Pages: 087002 Title: Estimated effects of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations on protein intake and the risk of protein deficiency by country and region Volume: 125 Year: 2017 _record_number: 24110 _uuid: 3708a23a-9176-4183-8f2b-51bf2f8e430d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1289/EHP41 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3708a23a-9176-4183-8f2b-51bf2f8e430d.yaml identifier: 3708a23a-9176-4183-8f2b-51bf2f8e430d uri: /reference/3708a23a-9176-4183-8f2b-51bf2f8e430d - attrs: Abstract: In winter 2013/14 there was widespread flooding in England. Previous studies have described an increased prevalence of psychological morbidity six months after flooding. Disruption to essential services may increase morbidity however there have been no studies examining whether those experiencing disruption but not directly flooded are affected. Author: 'Waite, Thomas David; Chaintarli, Katerina; Beck, Charles R.; Bone, Angie; Amlôt, Richard; Kovats, Sari; Reacher, Mark; Armstrong, Ben; Leonardi, Giovanni; Rubin, G. James; Oliver, Isabel' DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-4000-2 Date: January 28 ISSN: 1471-2458 Issue: 1 Journal: BMC Public Health Pages: 129 Title: 'The English national cohort study of flooding and health: Cross-sectional analysis of mental health outcomes at year one' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 17 Year: 2017 _record_number: 24086 _uuid: 39f86476-5b69-4807-9280-ac77f7dfe586 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1186/s12889-016-4000-2 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/39f86476-5b69-4807-9280-ac77f7dfe586.yaml identifier: 39f86476-5b69-4807-9280-ac77f7dfe586 uri: /reference/39f86476-5b69-4807-9280-ac77f7dfe586 - attrs: Author: 'Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo M.; Perkins, T. Alex; Waller, Lance A.; Lloyd, Alun L.; Reiner, Robert C., Jr.; Scott, Thomas W.; Kitron, Uriel' DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2016.01.001 ISSN: 1471-4922 Issue: 5 Journal: Trends in Parasitology Pages: 356-367 Publisher: Elsevier Title: Coupled heterogeneities and their impact on parasite transmission and control Volume: 32 Year: 2016 _record_number: 26112 _uuid: 3a785422-a481-4ac7-b3fd-da830619c5bd reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.pt.2016.01.001 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3a785422-a481-4ac7-b3fd-da830619c5bd.yaml identifier: 3a785422-a481-4ac7-b3fd-da830619c5bd uri: /reference/3a785422-a481-4ac7-b3fd-da830619c5bd - attrs: Abstract: 'Campylobacter spp. is a commonly reported food-borne disease with major consequences for morbidity. In conjunction with predicted increases in temperature, proliferation in the survival of microorganisms in hotter environments is expected. This is likely to lead, in turn, to an increase in contamination of food and water and a rise in numbers of cases of infectious gastroenteritis. This study assessed the relationship of Campylobacter spp. with temperature and heatwaves, in Adelaide, South Australia. We estimated the effect of (i) maximum temperature and (ii) heatwaves on daily Campylobacter cases during the warm seasons (1 October to 31 March) from 1990 to 2012 using Poisson regression models. There was no evidence of a substantive effect of maximum temperature per 1 °C rise (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0·995, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0·993–0·997) nor heatwaves (IRR 0·906, 95% CI 0·800–1·026) on Campylobacter cases. In relation to heatwave intensity, which is the daily maximum temperature during a heatwave, notifications decreased by 19% within a temperature range of 39–40·9 °C (IRR 0·811, 95% CI 0·692–0·952). We found little evidence of an increase in risk and lack of association between Campylobacter cases and temperature or heatwaves in the warm seasons. Heatwave intensity may play a role in that notifications decreased with higher temperatures. Further examination of the role of behavioural and environmental factors in an effort to reduce the risk of increased Campylobacter cases is warranted.' Author: 'Milazzo, A.; Giles, L. C.; Zhang, Y.; Koehler, A. P.; Hiller, J. E.; Bi, P.' DOI: 10.1017/S095026881700139X Database Provider: Cambridge University Press EPub Date: 2017/07/11 ISSN: 0950-2688 Issue: 12 Journal: Epidemiology and Infection Keywords: Campylobacter; climate; impact of food-borne infections; infectious disease epidemiology Name of Database: Cambridge Core Pages: 2603-2610 Publisher: Cambridge University Press Title: 'The effects of ambient temperature and heatwaves on daily Campylobacter cases in Adelaide, Australia, 1990–2012' Volume: 145 Year: 2017 _record_number: 25336 _uuid: 3c01e5df-38ae-4fbe-aa99-6727dee4b150 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1017/S095026881700139X href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3c01e5df-38ae-4fbe-aa99-6727dee4b150.yaml identifier: 3c01e5df-38ae-4fbe-aa99-6727dee4b150 uri: /reference/3c01e5df-38ae-4fbe-aa99-6727dee4b150 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Vogel, Jason; Karen M. Carney; Joel B. Smith; Charles Herrick; Missy Stults; Megan O’Grady; Alexis St. Juliana; Heather Hosterman; Lorine Giangola' Institution: Kresge Foundation Keywords: urban; climate change; adaptation Place Published: Detroit Title: Climate Adaptation — The State of Practice in U.S. Communities URL: http://kresge.org/sites/default/files/library/climate-adaptation-the-state-of-practice-in-us-communities-full-report.pdf Year: 2016 _record_number: 22874 _uuid: 3c3cc09b-c2d7-4c52-bf8f-c064efa78e93 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/climate-adaptation-state-practice-us-communities href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3c3cc09b-c2d7-4c52-bf8f-c064efa78e93.yaml identifier: 3c3cc09b-c2d7-4c52-bf8f-c064efa78e93 uri: /reference/3c3cc09b-c2d7-4c52-bf8f-c064efa78e93 - attrs: Abstract: 'The mosquito Aedes (Ae). aegypti transmits the viruses that cause dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever. We investigate how choosing alternate emissions and/or socioeconomic pathways may modulate future human exposure to Ae. aegypti. Occurrence patterns for Ae. aegypti for 2061–2080 are mapped globally using empirically downscaled air temperature and precipitation projections from the Community Earth System Model, for the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. Population growth is quantified using gridded global population projections consistent with two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), SSP3 and SSP5. Change scenarios are compared to a 1950–2000 reference period. A global land area of 56.9 M km2 is climatically suitable for Ae. aegypti during the reference period, and is projected to increase by 8 % (RCP4.5) to 13 % (RCP8.5) by 2061–2080. The annual average number of people exposed globally to Ae. aegypti for the reference period is 3794 M, a value projected to statistically significantly increase by 298–460 M (8–12 %) by 2061–2080 if only climate change is considered, and by 4805–5084 M (127–134 %) for SSP3 and 2232–2483 M (59–65 %) for SSP5 considering both climate and population change (lower and upper values of each range represent RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 respectively). Thus, taking the lower-emissions RCP4.5 pathway instead of RCP8.5 may mitigate future human exposure to Ae. aegypti globally, but the effect of population growth on exposure will likely be larger. Regionally, Australia, Europe and North America are projected to have the largest percentage increases in human exposure to Ae. aegypti considering only climate change.' Author: 'Monaghan, Andrew J.; Sampson, K. M.; Steinhoff, D. F.; Ernst, K. C.; Ebi, K. L.; Jones, B.; Hayden, M. H.' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-016-1679-0 Date: April 25 ISSN: 1573-1480 Journal: Climatic Change Title: The potential impacts of 21st century climatic and population changes on human exposure to the virus vector mosquito Aedes aegypti Type of Article: journal article Year: 2016 _record_number: 24108 _uuid: 3cb1d1bf-8c3a-4e83-b5ac-2f63af2dba08 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-016-1679-0 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3cb1d1bf-8c3a-4e83-b5ac-2f63af2dba08.yaml identifier: 3cb1d1bf-8c3a-4e83-b5ac-2f63af2dba08 uri: /reference/3cb1d1bf-8c3a-4e83-b5ac-2f63af2dba08 - attrs: Abstract: 'Rising global temperatures are causing major physical, chemical, and ecological changes in the planet. There is wide consensus among scientific organizations and climatologists that these broad effects, known as “climate change,” are the result of contemporary human activity. Climate change poses threats to human health, safety, and security, and children are uniquely vulnerable to these threats. The effects of climate change on child health include: physical and psychological sequelae of weather disasters; increased heat stress; decreased air quality; altered disease patterns of some climate-sensitive infections; and food, water, and nutrient insecurity in vulnerable regions. The social foundations of children’s mental and physical health are threatened by the specter of far-reaching effects of unchecked climate change, including community and global instability, mass migrations, and increased conflict. Given this knowledge, failure to take prompt, substantive action would be an act of injustice to all children. A paradigm shift in production and consumption of energy is both a necessity and an opportunity for major innovation, job creation, and significant, immediate associated health benefits. Pediatricians have a uniquely valuable role to play in the societal response to this global challenge.' Author: 'Ahdoot, Samantha; The Council on Environmental Health,' DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-3232 Issue: 5 Journal: Pediatrics Pages: 992-997 Title: Global climate change and children’s health Volume: 136 Year: 2015 _record_number: 24148 _uuid: 3d08a677-5bfe-4c4f-b062-f61ffd73b4f8 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1542/peds.2015-3232 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3d08a677-5bfe-4c4f-b062-f61ffd73b4f8.yaml identifier: 3d08a677-5bfe-4c4f-b062-f61ffd73b4f8 uri: /reference/3d08a677-5bfe-4c4f-b062-f61ffd73b4f8 - attrs: Author: 'Leight, A. K.; Hood, R.; Wood, R.; Brohawn, K.' DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.055 Date: 2016/02/01/ ISSN: 0043-1354 Journal: Water Research Keywords: Climate; Fecal coliforms; Sea level pressure Pages: 270-281 Title: Climate relationships to fecal bacterial densities in Maryland shellfish harvest waters Volume: 89 Year: 2016 _record_number: 26106 _uuid: 3ecbab85-710a-4678-882e-6848c742efe9 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.055 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3ecbab85-710a-4678-882e-6848c742efe9.yaml identifier: 3ecbab85-710a-4678-882e-6848c742efe9 uri: /reference/3ecbab85-710a-4678-882e-6848c742efe9 - attrs: Abstract: 'Background: Global climate change is expected to increase the risk of diarrhoeal diseases, a leading cause of childhood mortality. However, there is considerable uncertainty about the magnitude of these effects and which populations bear the greatest risks. Methods: We conducted a systematic review using defined search terms across four major databases and, additionally, examined the references of 54 review articles captured by the search. We evaluated sources of heterogeneity by pathogen taxon, exposure measure, study quality, country income level and regional climate, and estimated pooled effect estimates for the subgroups identified in the heterogeneity analysis, using meta-analysis methods. Results: We identified 26 studies with 49 estimates. Pathogen taxa were a source of heterogeneity. There was a positive association between ambient temperature and all-cause diarrhoea (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03, 1.10) and bacterial diarrhoea (IRR 1.07; 95% CI 1.04, 1.10), but not viral diarrhoea (IRR 0.96; 95% CI 0.82, 1.11). These associations were observed in low-, middle- and high-income countries. Only one study of protozoan diarrhoea was identified. Conclusions: Changes in temperature due to global climate change can and may already be affecting diarrhoeal disease incidence. The vulnerability of populations may depend, in part, on local pathogen distribution. However, evidence of publication bias and the uneven geographical distribution of studies limit the precision and generalizability of the pooled estimates.' Author: 'Carlton, Elizabeth J.; Woster, Andrew P.; DeWitt, Peter; Goldstein, Rebecca S.; Levy, Karen' DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv296 ISSN: 0300-5771 Issue: 1 Journal: International Journal of Epidemiology Pages: 117-130 Title: A systematic review and meta-analysis of ambient temperature and diarrhoeal diseases Volume: 45 Year: 2016 _record_number: 26099 _uuid: 3f083c7b-2e22-43d7-9213-3a090c145bd4 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1093/ije/dyv296 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/3f083c7b-2e22-43d7-9213-3a090c145bd4.yaml identifier: 3f083c7b-2e22-43d7-9213-3a090c145bd4 uri: /reference/3f083c7b-2e22-43d7-9213-3a090c145bd4 - attrs: Author: 'Perera, Frederica P.' DOI: 10.1289/EHP299 Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives Pages: 141-148 Title: 'Multiple threats to child health from fossil fuel combustion: Impacts of air pollution and climate change' Volume: 125 Year: 2017 _record_number: 24102 _uuid: 409668a7-2e7b-461b-953a-ac0d6fb90725 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1289/EHP299 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/409668a7-2e7b-461b-953a-ac0d6fb90725.yaml identifier: 409668a7-2e7b-461b-953a-ac0d6fb90725 uri: /reference/409668a7-2e7b-461b-953a-ac0d6fb90725 - attrs: Abstract: 'Predictions of intense heat waves across the United States will lead to localized health impacts, most of which are preventable. There is a need to better understand the spatial variation in the morbidity impacts associated with extreme heat across the country to prevent such adverse health outcomes.' Author: 'Saha, Shubhayu; Brock, John W.; Vaidyanathan, Ambarish; Easterling, David R.; Luber, George' DOI: 10.1186/s12940-015-0005-z Date: March 04 ISSN: 1476-069X Issue: 1 Journal: Environmental Health Pages: 20 Title: Spatial variation in hyperthermia emergency department visits among those with employer-based insurance in the United States – a case-crossover analysis Type of Article: journal article Volume: 14 Year: 2015 _record_number: 24100 _uuid: 42905968-c431-4930-a802-ae5e3647d665 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1186/s12940-015-0005-z href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/42905968-c431-4930-a802-ae5e3647d665.yaml identifier: 42905968-c431-4930-a802-ae5e3647d665 uri: /reference/42905968-c431-4930-a802-ae5e3647d665 - attrs: Author: 'Belova, Anna; David Mills; Ronald Hall; Alexis St. Juliana; Allison Crimmins; Chris Barker; Russell Jones' DOI: 10.4236/ajcc.2017.61010 Issue: 1 Journal: American Journal of Climate Change Pages: 75278 Title: Impacts of increasing temperature on the future incidence of West Nile neuroinvasive disease in the United States Volume: 6 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23725 _uuid: 4308e866-5976-4181-8102-24b521ff4033 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.4236/ajcc.2017.61010 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4308e866-5976-4181-8102-24b521ff4033.yaml identifier: 4308e866-5976-4181-8102-24b521ff4033 uri: /reference/4308e866-5976-4181-8102-24b521ff4033 - attrs: Author: 'Shepard, Peggy M.; Corbin-Mark, Cecil' DOI: 10.1089/env.2009.2402 Date: 2009/12/01 ISSN: 1939-4071 Issue: 4 Journal: Environmental Justice Pages: 163-166 Publisher: 'Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers' Title: Climate justice Volume: 2 Year: 2009 _record_number: 24098 _uuid: 4347eda8-3db1-4eea-8adc-bbb079fd648f reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1089/env.2009.2402 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4347eda8-3db1-4eea-8adc-bbb079fd648f.yaml identifier: 4347eda8-3db1-4eea-8adc-bbb079fd648f uri: /reference/4347eda8-3db1-4eea-8adc-bbb079fd648f