--- - attrs: Abstract: 'We compare life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from several light-duty passenger gasoline and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) across US counties by accounting for regional differences due to marginal grid mix, ambient temperature, patterns of vehicle miles traveled (VMT), and driving conditions (city versus highway). We find that PEVs can have larger or smaller carbon footprints than gasoline vehicles, depending on these regional factors and the specific vehicle models being compared. The Nissan Leaf battery electric vehicle has a smaller carbon footprint than the most efficient gasoline vehicle (the Toyota Prius) in the urban counties of California, Texas and Florida, whereas the Prius has a smaller carbon footprint in the Midwest and the South. The Leaf is lower emitting than the Mazda 3 conventional gasoline vehicle in most urban counties, but the Mazda 3 is lower emitting in rural Midwest counties. The Chevrolet Volt plug-in hybrid electric vehicle has a larger carbon footprint than the Prius throughout the continental US, though the Volt has a smaller carbon footprint than the Mazda 3 in many urban counties. Regional grid mix, temperature, driving conditions, and vehicle model all have substantial implications for identifying which technology has the lowest carbon footprint, whereas regional patterns of VMT have a much smaller effect. Given the variation in relative GHG implications, it is unlikely that blunt policy instruments that favor specific technology categories can ensure emission reductions universally.' Author: 'Yuksel, Tugce; Mili-Ann M. Tamayao; Chris Hendrickson; Inês M. L. Azevedo; Jeremy J. Michalek' DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/044007 ISSN: 1748-9326 Issue: 4 Journal: Environmental Research Letters Pages: 044007 Title: 'Effect of regional grid mix, driving patterns and climate on the comparative carbon footprint of gasoline and plug-in electric vehicles in the United States' Volume: 11 Year: 2016 _record_number: 24456 _uuid: 119864b3-e23d-4021-86d5-e4fccb0385ae reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/044007 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/119864b3-e23d-4021-86d5-e4fccb0385ae.yaml identifier: 119864b3-e23d-4021-86d5-e4fccb0385ae uri: /reference/119864b3-e23d-4021-86d5-e4fccb0385ae - attrs: .reference_type: 63 Author: 'Executive Office of the President,' Date: March 28 Number of Pages: 5 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: The White House Title: 'Executive Order 13783: Promoting Energy Independence and Economic Growth' URL: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/03/31/2017-06576/promoting-energy-independence-and-economic-growth Year: 2017 _record_number: 24514 _uuid: 12892612-06cb-4b04-86fa-b88ae37dc766 reftype: Press Release child_publication: /generic/416c4015-89dc-41e6-9284-8b17476ab06b href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/12892612-06cb-4b04-86fa-b88ae37dc766.yaml identifier: 12892612-06cb-4b04-86fa-b88ae37dc766 uri: /reference/12892612-06cb-4b04-86fa-b88ae37dc766 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Heeter, Jenny; Jeffrey J. Cook; Lori Bird' Institution: National Renewable Energy Laboratory Pages: 43 Place Published: 'Golden, CO' Report Number: NREL/TP-6A20-69080 Title: Charting the Emergence of Corporate Procurement of Utility-Scale PV URL: https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy17osti/69080.pdf Year: 2017 _record_number: 25221 _uuid: 141185af-76a0-4f8b-9902-82b546a3b27b reftype: Report child_publication: /report/charting-emergence-corporate-procurement-utility-scale-pv href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/141185af-76a0-4f8b-9902-82b546a3b27b.yaml identifier: 141185af-76a0-4f8b-9902-82b546a3b27b uri: /reference/141185af-76a0-4f8b-9902-82b546a3b27b - attrs: Author: 'Aldy, Joseph E.' DOI: 10.1080/00963402.2017.1388673 Date: 2017/11/02 ISSN: 0096-3402 Issue: 6 Journal: Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Pages: 376-381 Publisher: Routledge Title: Real world headwinds for Trump climate change policy Volume: 73 Year: 2017 _record_number: 25191 _uuid: 37f81db2-5010-4e7d-a9df-f5caaaa29879 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1080/00963402.2017.1388673 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/37f81db2-5010-4e7d-a9df-f5caaaa29879.yaml identifier: 37f81db2-5010-4e7d-a9df-f5caaaa29879 uri: /reference/37f81db2-5010-4e7d-a9df-f5caaaa29879 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Ahluwalia, Manjyot Bhan' Institution: Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES) Pages: 39 Place Published: 'Arlington, VA' Title: 'The business of pricing carbon: How companies are pricing carbon to mitigate risks and prepare for a Low-Carbon future' URL: https://www.c2es.org/site/assets/uploads/2017/09/business-pricing-carbon.pdf Year: 2017 _record_number: 25211 _uuid: 417ea095-d99e-4ef2-bc70-945c34a2596d reftype: Report child_publication: /report/business-pricing-carbon-how-companies-are-pricing-carbon-mitigate-risks-prepare-low-carbon-future href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/417ea095-d99e-4ef2-bc70-945c34a2596d.yaml identifier: 417ea095-d99e-4ef2-bc70-945c34a2596d uri: /reference/417ea095-d99e-4ef2-bc70-945c34a2596d - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'NACUBO,' Institution: National Association of College and University Business Officers (NACUBO) and Second Nature Pages: 15 Place Published: 'Washington, DC and Boston, MA' Title: 'Higher Education: Leading the Nation to a Safe and Secure Energy Future' URL: https://www.nacubo.org/-/media/Nacubo/Documents/BusinessPolicyAreas/Leading-the-Nation-White-Paper.ashx?la=en&hash=8E0383B79CF70F3A1C8D2F472ED383EC7CC1D9C2 Year: 2012 _record_number: 25226 _uuid: 46cee5f3-4325-4e5e-ac7f-012325111ba1 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/higher-education-leading-nation-safe-secure-energy-future href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/46cee5f3-4325-4e5e-ac7f-012325111ba1.yaml identifier: 46cee5f3-4325-4e5e-ac7f-012325111ba1 uri: /reference/46cee5f3-4325-4e5e-ac7f-012325111ba1 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'CDP,' Place Published: '[worldwide]' Publisher: CDP Title: CDP web site URL: https://www.cdp.net/en Year: 2017 _record_number: 24508 _uuid: 47f855e2-eed7-4027-bedd-22313d13319e reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/9be739eb-a029-4767-9e6c-c6584298e933 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/47f855e2-eed7-4027-bedd-22313d13319e.yaml identifier: 47f855e2-eed7-4027-bedd-22313d13319e uri: /reference/47f855e2-eed7-4027-bedd-22313d13319e - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Access Date: March 28 Access Year: 2018 Author: 'The World Bank,' Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: The World Bank Title: 'Carbon pricing dashboard [web tool]' URL: https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org/ Year: 2018 _record_number: 25227 _uuid: 7225530f-0579-4a4b-a1b3-bd1fa9ae55d2 reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/26626297-9b7b-45b7-8262-1770cfcfeeb8 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7225530f-0579-4a4b-a1b3-bd1fa9ae55d2.yaml identifier: 7225530f-0579-4a4b-a1b3-bd1fa9ae55d2 uri: /reference/7225530f-0579-4a4b-a1b3-bd1fa9ae55d2 - attrs: Abstract: 'Renewable portfolio standards (RPS) exist in 29 US states and the District of Columbia. This article summarizes the first national-level, integrated assessment of the future costs and benefits of existing RPS policies; the same metrics are evaluated under a second scenario in which widespread expansion of these policies is assumed to occur. Depending on assumptions about renewable energy technology advancement and natural gas prices, existing RPS policies increase electric system costs by as much as $31 billion, on a present-value basis over 2015−2050. The expanded renewable deployment scenario yields incremental costs that range from $23 billion to $194 billion, depending on the assumptions employed. The monetized value of improved air quality and reduced climate damages exceed these costs. Using central assumptions, existing RPS policies yield $97 billion in air-pollution health benefits and $161 billion in climate damage reductions. Under the expanded RPS case, health benefits total $558 billion and climate benefits equal $599 billion. These scenarios also yield benefits in the form of reduced water use. RPS programs are not likely to represent the most cost effective path towards achieving air quality and climate benefits. Nonetheless, the findings suggest that US RPS programs are, on a national basis, cost effective when considering externalities.' Author: 'Wiser, Ryan; Trieu Mai; Dev Millstein; Galen Barbose; Lori Bird; Jenny Heeter; David Keyser; Venkat Krishnan; Jordan Macknick' DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/aa87bd ISSN: 1748-9326 Issue: 9 Journal: Environmental Research Letters Pages: 094023 Title: Assessing the costs and benefits of US renewable portfolio standards Volume: 12 Year: 2017 _record_number: 25208 _uuid: 7f4ecc6c-69e5-4866-9fac-a5c7e531f3e1 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1088/1748-9326/aa87bd href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/7f4ecc6c-69e5-4866-9fac-a5c7e531f3e1.yaml identifier: 7f4ecc6c-69e5-4866-9fac-a5c7e531f3e1 uri: /reference/7f4ecc6c-69e5-4866-9fac-a5c7e531f3e1 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'DSIRE,' Place Published: 'Raleigh, NC' Publisher: 'NC State University, NC Clean Energy Technology Center' Title: 'Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency (DSIRE) [online tool]' URL: http://www.dsireusa.org/ Year: 2017 _record_number: 24510 _uuid: 8ae1bf4d-4ea5-4c70-91bd-a1b7e3cc17fa reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/6462dff7-6d71-4e59-99c2-d125a9e88d2e href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8ae1bf4d-4ea5-4c70-91bd-a1b7e3cc17fa.yaml identifier: 8ae1bf4d-4ea5-4c70-91bd-a1b7e3cc17fa uri: /reference/8ae1bf4d-4ea5-4c70-91bd-a1b7e3cc17fa - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Access Date: March 30 Access Year: 2018 Author: 'Second Nature,' Place Published: 'Boston, MA' Publisher: Second Nature Inc. Title: 'Second Nature Reporting Platform [web tool]' URL: http://reporting.secondnature.org/ Year: 2018 _record_number: 25225 _uuid: ba372d89-ab64-4112-9d48-76f8f323c232 reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/5faee3e3-2544-4418-b407-e77827760c7a href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ba372d89-ab64-4112-9d48-76f8f323c232.yaml identifier: ba372d89-ab64-4112-9d48-76f8f323c232 uri: /reference/ba372d89-ab64-4112-9d48-76f8f323c232 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Barbose, Galen L.' Institution: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Place Published: 'Berkeley, CA' Series Volume: LBNL-1005057 Title: U.S. Renewables Portfolio Standards 2016 Annual Status Report URL: https://emp.lbl.gov/projects/renewables-portfolio/ Year: 2016 _record_number: 24501 _uuid: c9761a3e-37aa-4cfb-8d17-1e3f01ee836b reftype: Report child_publication: /report/us-renewables-portfolio-standards-2016-annual-status-report href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/c9761a3e-37aa-4cfb-8d17-1e3f01ee836b.yaml identifier: c9761a3e-37aa-4cfb-8d17-1e3f01ee836b uri: /reference/c9761a3e-37aa-4cfb-8d17-1e3f01ee836b - attrs: Abstract: 'A number of knowledge gaps and research priorities emerged during the third US National Climate Assessment (NCA3). Several are also gaps in the latest IPCC WG2 report. These omissions reflect major gaps in the underlying research base from which these assessments draw. These include the challenge of estimating the costs and benefits of climate change impacts and responses to climate change and the need for research on climate impacts on important sectors such as manufacturing and services. Climate impacts also need to be assessed within an international context in an increasingly connected and globalized world. Climate change is being experienced not only through changes within a locality but also through the impacts of climate change in other regions connected through trade, prices, and commodity chains, migratory species, human mobility and networked communications. Also under-researched are the connections and tradeoffs between responses to climate change at or across different scales, especially between adaptation and mitigation or between climate responses and other environmental and social policies. This paper discusses some of these research priorities, illustrating their significance through analysis of economic and international connections and case studies of responses to climate change. It also critically reflects on the process of developing research needs as part of the assessment process.' Author: 'Liverman, Diana' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-015-1464-5 Date: March 01 ISSN: 1573-1480 Issue: 1 Journal: Climatic Change Pages: 173-186 Title: 'U.S. national climate assessment gaps and research needs: Overview, the economy and the international context' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 135 Year: 2016 _record_number: 22064 _uuid: d6eb34ef-1bfb-4b90-a397-f6bb363086a0 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-015-1464-5 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d6eb34ef-1bfb-4b90-a397-f6bb363086a0.yaml identifier: d6eb34ef-1bfb-4b90-a397-f6bb363086a0 uri: /reference/d6eb34ef-1bfb-4b90-a397-f6bb363086a0 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'DOE-EPSA,' Institution: U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Policy and Systems Analysis (DOE-EPSA) Pages: 43 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Title: Energy CO2 Emissions Impacts of Clean Energy Technology Innovation and Policy URL: https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Energy%20CO2%20Emissions%20Impacts%20of%20Clean%20Energy%20Technology%20Innovation%20and%20Policy.pdf Year: 2017 _record_number: 25218 _uuid: f0b1dfab-0930-41b3-a780-e50b5887802a reftype: Report child_publication: /report/energy-co2-emissions-impacts-clean-energy-technology-innovation-policy href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f0b1dfab-0930-41b3-a780-e50b5887802a.yaml identifier: f0b1dfab-0930-41b3-a780-e50b5887802a uri: /reference/f0b1dfab-0930-41b3-a780-e50b5887802a