--- - attrs: Abstract: 'A number of knowledge gaps and research priorities emerged during the third US National Climate Assessment (NCA3). Several are also gaps in the latest IPCC WG2 report. These omissions reflect major gaps in the underlying research base from which these assessments draw. These include the challenge of estimating the costs and benefits of climate change impacts and responses to climate change and the need for research on climate impacts on important sectors such as manufacturing and services. Climate impacts also need to be assessed within an international context in an increasingly connected and globalized world. Climate change is being experienced not only through changes within a locality but also through the impacts of climate change in other regions connected through trade, prices, and commodity chains, migratory species, human mobility and networked communications. Also under-researched are the connections and tradeoffs between responses to climate change at or across different scales, especially between adaptation and mitigation or between climate responses and other environmental and social policies. This paper discusses some of these research priorities, illustrating their significance through analysis of economic and international connections and case studies of responses to climate change. It also critically reflects on the process of developing research needs as part of the assessment process.' Author: 'Liverman, Diana' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-015-1464-5 Date: March 01 ISSN: 1573-1480 Issue: 1 Journal: Climatic Change Pages: 173-186 Title: 'U.S. national climate assessment gaps and research needs: Overview, the economy and the international context' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 135 Year: 2016 _record_number: 22064 _uuid: d6eb34ef-1bfb-4b90-a397-f6bb363086a0 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-015-1464-5 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d6eb34ef-1bfb-4b90-a397-f6bb363086a0.yaml identifier: d6eb34ef-1bfb-4b90-a397-f6bb363086a0 uri: /reference/d6eb34ef-1bfb-4b90-a397-f6bb363086a0 - attrs: Author: 'Melvin, April M.; Larsen, Peter; Boehlert, Brent; Neumann, James E.; Chinowsky, Paul; Espinet, Xavier; Martinich, Jeremy; Baumann, Matthew S.; Rennels, Lisa; Bothner, Alexandra; Nicolsky, Dmitry J.; Marchenko, Sergey S.' DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1611056113 Database Provider: www.pnas.org Date: 2016/12/27/ ISSN: '0027-8424, 1091-6490' Issue: 2 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Keywords: adaptation; Alaska; climate change; damages; infrastructure Language: en Pages: E122-E131 Title: Climate change damages to Alaska public infrastructure and the economics of proactive adaptation Volume: 114 Year: 2017 _record_number: 22252 _uuid: df6fcad4-f0ea-4c60-97e1-ae2a40455f51 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1611056113 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/df6fcad4-f0ea-4c60-97e1-ae2a40455f51.yaml identifier: df6fcad4-f0ea-4c60-97e1-ae2a40455f51 uri: /reference/df6fcad4-f0ea-4c60-97e1-ae2a40455f51 - attrs: Author: 'Diaz, Delavane; Moore, Frances' DOI: 10.1038/nclimate3411 Date: 11/02/online Journal: Nature Climate Change Pages: 774-782 Publisher: 'Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.' Title: Quantifying the economic risks of climate change Type of Article: Review Article Volume: 7 Year: 2017 _record_number: 24496 _uuid: e311cbe3-cf61-445a-ae6f-130056df0558 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/nclimate3411 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e311cbe3-cf61-445a-ae6f-130056df0558.yaml identifier: e311cbe3-cf61-445a-ae6f-130056df0558 uri: /reference/e311cbe3-cf61-445a-ae6f-130056df0558 - attrs: Abstract: 'Some rare heatwaves have extreme daily mortality impacts; moderate heatwaves have lower daily impacts but occur much more frequently at present and so account for large aggregated impacts. We applied health-based models to project trends in high-mortality heatwaves, including proportion of all heatwaves expected to be high-mortality, using the definition that a high-mortality heatwave increases mortality risk by ≥20 %. We projected these trends in 82 US communities in 2061–2080 under two scenarios of climate change (RCP4.5, RCP8.5), two scenarios of population change (SSP3, SSP5), and three scenarios of community adaptation to heat (none, lagged, on-pace) for large- and medium-ensemble versions of the National Center for Atmospheric Research’s Community Earth System Model. More high-mortality heatwaves were expected compared to present under all scenarios except on-pace adaptation, and population exposure was expected to increase under all scenarios. At least seven more high-mortality heatwaves were expected in a twenty-year period in the 82 study communities under RCP8.5 than RCP4.5 when assuming no adaptation. However, high-mortality heatwaves were expected to remain <1 % of all heatwaves and heatwave exposure under all scenarios. Projections were most strongly influenced by the adaptation scenario—going from a scenario of on-pace to lagged adaptation or from lagged to no adaptation more than doubled the projected number of and exposure to high-mortality heatwaves. Based on our results, fewer high-mortality heatwaves are expected when following RCP4.5 versus RCP8.5 and under higher levels of adaptation, but high-mortality heatwaves are expected to remain a very small proportion of total heatwave exposure.' Author: 'Anderson, G. Brooke; Oleson, Keith W.; Jones, Bryan; Peng, Roger D.' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-016-1779-x Date: August 30 ISSN: 1573-1480 Journal: Climatic Change Title: 'Projected trends in high-mortality heatwaves under different scenarios of climate, population, and adaptation in 82 US communities' Type of Article: journal article Year: 2016 _record_number: 24145 _uuid: ea2ea20a-5d62-49ac-a89b-9a7951711a1b reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-016-1779-x href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ea2ea20a-5d62-49ac-a89b-9a7951711a1b.yaml identifier: ea2ea20a-5d62-49ac-a89b-9a7951711a1b uri: /reference/ea2ea20a-5d62-49ac-a89b-9a7951711a1b - attrs: Author: 'Kingsley, Samantha L.; Melissa N. Eliot; Julia Gold; Robert R. Vanderslice; Gregory A. Wellenius' DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408826 Issue: 4 Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives Pages: 460-467 Title: Current and projected heat-related morbidity and mortality in Rhode Island Volume: 124 Year: 2016 _record_number: 21760 _uuid: ec9926c5-6257-49b3-8bfd-c9a02c0bf75b reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1289/ehp.1408826 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ec9926c5-6257-49b3-8bfd-c9a02c0bf75b.yaml identifier: ec9926c5-6257-49b3-8bfd-c9a02c0bf75b uri: /reference/ec9926c5-6257-49b3-8bfd-c9a02c0bf75b - attrs: Abstract: 'Episodes of severe weather in the United States, such as the present abundance of rainfall in California, are brandished as tangible evidence of the future costs of current climate trends. Hsiang et al. collected national data documenting the responses in six economic sectors to short-term weather fluctuations. These data were integrated with probabilistic distributions from a set of global climate models and used to estimate future costs during the remainder of this century across a range of scenarios (see the Perspective by Pizer). In terms of overall effects on gross domestic product, the authors predict negative impacts in the southern United States and positive impacts in some parts of the Pacific Northwest and New England.Science, this issue p. 1362; see also p. 1330Estimates of climate change damage are central to the design of climate policies. Here, we develop a flexible architecture for computing damages that integrates climate science, econometric analyses, and process models. We use this approach to construct spatially explicit, probabilistic, and empirically derived estimates of economic damage in the United States from climate change. The combined value of market and nonmarket damage across analyzed sectors—agriculture, crime, coastal storms, energy, human mortality, and labor—increases quadratically in global mean temperature, costing roughly 1.2% of gross domestic product per +1°C on average. Importantly, risk is distributed unequally across locations, generating a large transfer of value northward and westward that increases economic inequality. By the late 21st century, the poorest third of counties are projected to experience damages between 2 and 20% of county income (90% chance) under business-as-usual emissions (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5).' Author: 'Hsiang, Solomon; Kopp, Robert; Jina, Amir; Rising, James; Delgado, Michael; Mohan, Shashank; Rasmussen, D. J.; Muir-Wood, Robert; Wilson, Paul; Oppenheimer, Michael; Larsen, Kate; Houser, Trevor' DOI: 10.1126/science.aal4369 Issue: 6345 Journal: Science Pages: 1362-1369 Title: Estimating economic damage from climate change in the United States Volume: 356 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23965 _uuid: fad9e8ec-8951-4daa-9a9c-e093ef86af16 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.aal4369 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/fad9e8ec-8951-4daa-9a9c-e093ef86af16.yaml identifier: fad9e8ec-8951-4daa-9a9c-e093ef86af16 uri: /reference/fad9e8ec-8951-4daa-9a9c-e093ef86af16 - attrs: Abstract: 'The United States is the largest producer of maize in the world, a crop for which demand continues to rise rapidly. Past studies have projected that climate change will negatively impact mean maize yields in this region, while at the same time increasing yield variability. However, some have questioned the accuracy of these projections because they are often based on indirect measures of soil moisture, have failed to explicitly capture the potential interactions between temperature and soil moisture availability, and often omit the beneficial effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) on transpiration efficiency. Here we use a new detailed dataset on field-level yields in Iowa, Indiana, and Illinois, along with fine-resolution daily weather data and moisture reconstructions, to evaluate the combined effects of moisture and heat on maize yields in the region. Projected climate change scenarios over this region from a suite of CMIP5 models are then used to assess future impacts and the differences between two contrasting emissions scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). We show that (i) statistical models which explicitly account for interactions between heat and moisture, which have not been represented in previous empirical models, lead to significant model improvement and significantly higher projected yield variability under warming and drying trends than when accounting for each factor independently; (ii) inclusion of the benefits of elevated CO 2 significantly reduces impacts, particularly for yield variability; and (iii) net damages from climate change and CO 2 become larger for the higher emission scenario in the latter half of the 21st century, and significantly so by the end of century.' Author: 'Urban, Daniel W.; Justin Sheffield; David B. Lobell' DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/10/4/045003 ISSN: 1748-9326 Issue: 4 Journal: Environmental Research Letters Pages: 045003 Title: The impacts of future climate and carbon dioxide changes on the average and variability of US maize yields under two emission scenarios Volume: 10 Year: 2015 _record_number: 24462 _uuid: fba7132f-b922-4228-8ad5-6336d0c3de76 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1088/1748-9326/10/4/045003 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/fba7132f-b922-4228-8ad5-6336d0c3de76.yaml identifier: fba7132f-b922-4228-8ad5-6336d0c3de76 uri: /reference/fba7132f-b922-4228-8ad5-6336d0c3de76 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'EPA,' Institution: ' U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)' Pages: various Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Report Number: EPA/600/R-12/058F Title: 'Watershed Modeling to Assess the Sensitivity of Streamflow, Nutrient, and Sediment Loads to Potential Climate Change and Urban Development in 20 U.S. Watersheds (Final Report)' URL: https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/global/recordisplay.cfm?deid=256912 Year: 2013 _record_number: 25219 _uuid: fc630495-cb5f-496c-a759-87166b8569a6 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/watershed-modeling-assess-sensitivity-streamflow-nutrient-sediment-loads-potential-climate-change-urban-development-20-us-watersheds-final-report href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/fc630495-cb5f-496c-a759-87166b8569a6.yaml identifier: fc630495-cb5f-496c-a759-87166b8569a6 uri: /reference/fc630495-cb5f-496c-a759-87166b8569a6