--- - attrs: Abstract: 'Understanding how impacts may differ across alternative levels of future climate change is necessary to inform mitigation and adaptation measures. The Benefits of Reduced Anthropogenic Climate changE (BRACE) project assesses the differences in impacts between two specific climate futures: a higher emissions future with global average temperature increasing about 3.7 °C above pre-industrial levels toward the end of the century and a moderate emissions future with global average warming of about 2.5 °C. BRACE studies in this special issue quantify avoided impacts on physical, managed, and societal systems in terms of extreme events, health, agriculture, and tropical cyclones. Here we describe the conceptual framework and design of BRACE and synthesize its results. Methodologically, the project combines climate modeling, statistical analysis, and impact assessment and draws heavily on large ensembles using the Community Earth System Model. It addresses uncertainty in future societal change by employing two pathways for future socioeconomic development. Results show that the benefits of reduced climate change within this framework vary substantially across types of impacts. In many cases, especially related to extreme heat events, there are substantial benefits to mitigation. The benefits for some heat extremes are statistically significant in some regions as early as the 2020s and are widespread by mid-century. Benefits are more modest for agriculture and exposure to some health risks. Benefits are negative for agriculture when CO2 fertilization is incorporated. For several societal impacts, the effect on outcomes of alternative future societal development pathways is substantially larger than the effect of the two climate scenarios.' Author: 'O’Neill, Brian C.; M. Done, James; Gettelman, Andrew; Lawrence, Peter; Lehner, Flavio; Lamarque, Jean-Francois; Lin, Lei; J. Monaghan, Andrew; Oleson, Keith; Ren, Xiaolin; M. Sanderson, Benjamin; Tebaldi, Claudia; Weitzel, Matthias; Xu, Yangyang; Anderson, Brooke; Fix, Miranda J.; Levis, Samuel' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-017-2009-x Date: July 26 ISSN: 1573-1480 Journal: Climatic Change Title: 'The Benefits of Reduced Anthropogenic Climate changE (BRACE): A synthesis' Type of Article: journal article Year: 2017 _record_number: 24077 _uuid: 0006123e-10a3-4501-a89c-95a7921a9c3d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-017-2009-x href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0006123e-10a3-4501-a89c-95a7921a9c3d.yaml identifier: 0006123e-10a3-4501-a89c-95a7921a9c3d uri: /reference/0006123e-10a3-4501-a89c-95a7921a9c3d - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'EPA,' Institution: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Pages: 271 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Series Volume: EPA 430‐R‐17‐001 Title: 'Multi-model Framework for Quantitative Sectoral Impacts Analysis: A Technical Report for the Fourth National Climate Assessment' URL: https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_Report.cfm?dirEntryId=335095 Year: 2017 _record_number: 21365 _uuid: 0b30f1ab-e4c4-4837-aa8b-0e19faccdb94 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/epa-multi-model-framework-for-quantitative-sectoral-impacts-analysis-2017 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0b30f1ab-e4c4-4837-aa8b-0e19faccdb94.yaml identifier: 0b30f1ab-e4c4-4837-aa8b-0e19faccdb94 uri: /reference/0b30f1ab-e4c4-4837-aa8b-0e19faccdb94 - attrs: Abstract: 'Successful adaptation of agriculture to ongoing climate changes would help to maintain productivity growth and thereby reduce pressure to bring new lands into agriculture. In this paper we investigate the potential co-benefits of adaptation in terms of the avoided emissions from land use change. A model of global agricultural trade and land use, called SIMPLE, is utilized to link adaptation investments, yield growth rates, land conversion rates, and land use emissions. A scenario of global adaptation to offset negative yield impacts of temperature and precipitation changes to 2050, which requires a cumulative 225 billion USD of additional investment, results in 61 Mha less conversion of cropland and 15 Gt carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 e) fewer emissions by 2050. Thus our estimates imply an annual mitigation co-benefit of 0.35 GtCO 2 e yr −1 while spending $15 per tonne CO 2 e of avoided emissions. Uncertainty analysis is used to estimate a 5–95% confidence interval around these numbers of 0.25–0.43 Gt and $11–$22 per tonne CO 2 e. A scenario of adaptation focused only on Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, while less costly in aggregate, results in much smaller mitigation potentials and higher per tonne costs. These results indicate that although investing in the least developed areas may be most desirable for the main objectives of adaptation, it has little net effect on mitigation because production gains are offset by greater rates of land clearing in the benefited regions, which are relatively low yielding and land abundant. Adaptation investments in high yielding, land scarce regions such as Asia and North America are more effective for mitigation. To identify data needs, we conduct a sensitivity analysis using the Morris method (Morris 1991 Technometrics 33 161–74). The three most critical parameters for improving estimates of mitigation potential are (in descending order) the emissions factors for converting land to agriculture, the price elasticity of land supply with respect to land rents, and the elasticity of substitution between land and non-land inputs. For assessing the mitigation costs, the elasticity of productivity with respect to investments in research and development is also very important. Overall, this study finds that broad-based efforts to adapt agriculture to climate change have mitigation co-benefits that, even when forced to shoulder the entire expense of adaptation, are inexpensive relative to many activities whose main purpose is mitigation. These results therefore challenge the current approach of most climate financing portfolios, which support adaptation from funds completely separate from—and often much smaller than—mitigation ones.' Author: 'Lobell, David B.; Baldos, Uris Lantz C. ; Thomas W. Hertel' DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015012 ISSN: 1748-9326 Issue: 1 Journal: Environmental Research Letters Pages: 015012 Title: 'Climate adaptation as mitigation: The case of agricultural investments' Volume: 8 Year: 2013 _record_number: 24481 _uuid: 18e9b0c2-0485-4ad1-ac1a-70effa8834eb reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015012 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/18e9b0c2-0485-4ad1-ac1a-70effa8834eb.yaml identifier: 18e9b0c2-0485-4ad1-ac1a-70effa8834eb uri: /reference/18e9b0c2-0485-4ad1-ac1a-70effa8834eb - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: 'Sarofim, Marcus C.; Saha, Shubhayu; Hawkins, Michelle D.; Mills, David M.; Hess, Jeremy; Horton, Radley; Kinney, Patrick; Schwartz, Joel; St. Juliana, Alexis' Book Title: 'The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment' DOI: 10.7930/J0MG7MDX Pages: 43–68 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program Title: 'Ch. 2: Temperature-related death and illness' Year: 2016 _record_number: 19374 _uuid: 1ad1d794-bc57-4e48-ab28-0e2b65767cb9 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/temperature-related-death-and-illness href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1ad1d794-bc57-4e48-ab28-0e2b65767cb9.yaml identifier: 1ad1d794-bc57-4e48-ab28-0e2b65767cb9 uri: /reference/1ad1d794-bc57-4e48-ab28-0e2b65767cb9 - attrs: Abstract: 'Mechanisms such as ice‐shelf hydrofracturing and ice‐cliff collapse may rapidly increase discharge from marine‐based ice sheets. Here, we link a probabilistic framework for sea‐level projections to a small ensemble of Antarctic ice‐sheet (AIS) simulations incorporating these physical processes to explore their influence on global‐mean sea‐level (GMSL) and relative sea‐level (RSL). We compare the new projections to past results using expert assessment and structured expert elicitation about AIS changes. Under high greenhouse gas emissions (Representative Concentration Pathway [RCP] 8.5), median projected 21st century GMSL rise increases from 79 to 146 cm. Without protective measures, revised median RSL projections would by 2100 submerge land currently home to 153 million people, an increase of 44 million. The use of a physical model, rather than simple parameterizations assuming constant acceleration of ice loss, increases forcing sensitivity: overlap between the central 90% of simulations for 2100 for RCP 8.5 (93–243 cm) and RCP 2.6 (26–98 cm) is minimal. By 2300, the gap between median GMSL estimates for RCP 8.5 and RCP 2.6 reaches >10 m, with median RSL projections for RCP 8.5 jeopardizing land now occupied by 950 million people (versus 167 million for RCP 2.6). The minimal correlation between the contribution of AIS to GMSL by 2050 and that in 2100 and beyond implies current sea‐level observations cannot exclude future extreme outcomes. The sensitivity of post‐2050 projections to deeply uncertain physics highlights the need for robust decision and adaptive management frameworks.' Author: 'Kopp, Robert E.; Robert M. DeConto; Daniel A. Bader; Carling C. Hay; Radley M. Horton; Scott Kulp; Michael Oppenheimer; David Pollard; Benjamin H. Strauss' DOI: 10.1002/2017EF000663 Issue: 12 Journal: Earth's Future Pages: 1217-1233 Title: Evolving understanding of Antarctic ice‐sheet physics and ambiguity in probabilistic sea‐level projections Volume: 5 Year: 2017 _record_number: 25200 _uuid: 387b7906-07c3-431f-a441-5a103220a974 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/2017EF000663 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/387b7906-07c3-431f-a441-5a103220a974.yaml identifier: 387b7906-07c3-431f-a441-5a103220a974 uri: /reference/387b7906-07c3-431f-a441-5a103220a974 - attrs: Abstract: 'Recent literature, the US Global Change Research Program’s National Climate Assessment, and recent events, such as Hurricane Sandy, highlight the need to take better account of both storm surge and sea-level rise (SLR) in assessing coastal risks of climate change. This study combines three models—a tropical cyclone simulation model; a storm surge model; and a model for economic impact and adaptation—to estimate the joint effects of storm surge and SLR for the US coast through 2100. The model is tested using multiple SLR scenarios, including those incorporating estimates of dynamic ice-sheet melting, two global greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation policy scenarios, and multiple general circulation model climate sensitivities. The results illustrate that a large area of coastal land and property is at risk of damage from storm surge today; that land area and economic value at risk expands over time as seas rise and as storms become more intense; that adaptation is a cost-effective response to this risk, but residual impacts remain after adaptation measures are in place; that incorporating site-specific episodic storm surge increases national damage estimates by a factor of two relative to SLR-only estimates, with greater impact on the East and Gulf coasts; and that mitigation of GHGs contributes to significant lessening of damages. For a mid-range climate-sensitivity scenario that incorporates dynamic ice sheet melting, the approach yields national estimates of the impacts of storm surge and SLR of $990 billion through 2100 (net of adaptation, cumulative undiscounted 2005$); GHG mitigation policy reduces the impacts of the mid-range climate-sensitivity estimates by $84 to $100 billion.' Author: 'Neumann, James E.; Emanuel, Kerry; Ravela, Sai; Ludwig, Lindsay; Kirshen, Paul; Bosma, Kirk; Martinich, Jeremy' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-014-1304-z Date: March 01 ISSN: 1573-1480 Issue: 1 Journal: Climatic Change Pages: 337-349 Title: 'Joint effects of storm surge and sea-level rise on US Coasts: New economic estimates of impacts, adaptation, and benefits of mitigation policy' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 129 Year: 2015 _record_number: 24012 _uuid: 5b27123a-8c6d-4e85-bd48-841436fdf9eb reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-014-1304-z href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5b27123a-8c6d-4e85-bd48-841436fdf9eb.yaml identifier: 5b27123a-8c6d-4e85-bd48-841436fdf9eb uri: /reference/5b27123a-8c6d-4e85-bd48-841436fdf9eb - attrs: Abstract: 'The electric power sector both affects and is affected by climate change. Numerous studies highlight the potential of the power sector to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Yet fewer studies have explored the physical impacts of climate change on the power sector. The present analysis examines how projected rising temperatures affect the demand for and supply of electricity. We apply a common set of temperature projections to three well-known electric sector models in the United States: the US version of the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM-USA), the Regional Electricity Deployment System model (ReEDS), and the Integrated Planning Model (IPM®). Incorporating the effects of rising temperatures from a control scenario without emission mitigation into the models raises electricity demand by 1.6 to 6.5 % in 2050 with similar changes in emissions. The increase in system costs in the reference scenario to meet this additional demand is comparable to the change in system costs associated with decreasing power sector emissions by approximately 50 % in 2050. This result underscores the importance of adequately incorporating the effects of long-run temperature change in climate policy analysis.' Author: 'McFarland, James; Zhou, Yuyu; Clarke, Leon; Sullivan, Patrick; Colman, Jesse; Jaglom, Wendy S.; Colley, Michelle; Patel, Pralit; Eom, Jiyon; Kim, Son H.; Kyle, G. Page; Schultz, Peter; Venkatesh, Boddu; Haydel, Juanita; Mack, Charlotte; Creason, Jared' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-015-1380-8 Date: July 01 ISSN: 1573-1480 Issue: 1 Journal: Climatic Change Pages: 111-125 Title: 'Impacts of rising air temperatures and emissions mitigation on electricity demand and supply in the United States: A multi-model comparison' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 131 Year: 2015 _record_number: 21332 _uuid: 651e1e14-6fb1-429a-a852-b6a5e5d30896 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-015-1380-8 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/651e1e14-6fb1-429a-a852-b6a5e5d30896.yaml identifier: 651e1e14-6fb1-429a-a852-b6a5e5d30896 uri: /reference/651e1e14-6fb1-429a-a852-b6a5e5d30896 - attrs: Author: 'Felgenhauer, Tyler; Webster, Mort' DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.09.018 Date: 2013/12/01/ ISSN: 0959-3780 Issue: 6 Journal: Global Environmental Change Keywords: Climate change policy; Adaptation constructs; Mitigation and adaptation portfolio; Decision making under uncertainty Pages: 1556-1565 Title: 'Multiple adaptation types with mitigation: A framework for policy analysis' Volume: 23 Year: 2013 _record_number: 24493 _uuid: 6d178f47-0a5b-4a9f-85bf-3f0f329302ee reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.09.018 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/6d178f47-0a5b-4a9f-85bf-3f0f329302ee.yaml identifier: 6d178f47-0a5b-4a9f-85bf-3f0f329302ee uri: /reference/6d178f47-0a5b-4a9f-85bf-3f0f329302ee - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: 'Klein, R. J. T.; Midgley, G. F.; Preston, B. L.; Alam, M.; Berkhout, F. G. H.; Dow, K.; Shaw, M. R.' Book Title: 'Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change' Editor: 'Field, C. B.; Barros, V. R.; Dokken, D. J.; Mach, K. J.; Mastrandrea, M. D.; Bilir, T. E.; Chatterjee, M.; Ebi, K. L.; Estrada, Y. O.; Genova, R. C.; Girma, B.; Kissel, E. S.; Levy, A. N.; MacCracken, S.; Mastrandrea, P. R.; White, L. L.' Pages: 899-943 Place Published: 'Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA' Publisher: Cambridge University Press Short Title: 'Adaptation opportunities, constraints, and limits' Title: 'Adaptation opportunities, constraints, and limits' Year: 2014 _record_number: 17687 _uuid: 6f504af2-a3a0-46c3-a8bd-9f5f266bd5bf reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/ipcc-ar5-wg2-parta/chapter/wg2-ar5-chap16-final href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/6f504af2-a3a0-46c3-a8bd-9f5f266bd5bf.yaml identifier: 6f504af2-a3a0-46c3-a8bd-9f5f266bd5bf uri: /reference/6f504af2-a3a0-46c3-a8bd-9f5f266bd5bf - attrs: Abstract: 'Cover crops have long been touted for their ability to reduce erosion, fix atmospheric nitrogen, reduce nitrogen leaching, and improve soil health. In recent decades, there has been resurgence in cover crop adoption that is synchronous with a heightened awareness of climate change. Climate change mitigation and adaptation may be additional, important ecosystem services provided by cover crops, but they lie outside of the traditional list of cover cropping benefits. Here, we review the potential for cover crops to mitigate climate change by tallying all of the positive and negative impacts of cover crops on the net global warming potential of agricultural fields. Then, we use lessons learned from two contrasting regions to evaluate how cover crops affect adaptive management for precipitation and temperature change. Three key outcomes from this synthesis are (1) Cover crop effects on greenhouse gas fluxes typically mitigate warming by ~100 to 150 g CO2 e/m2/year, which is higher than mitigation from transitioning to no-till. The most important terms in the budget are soil carbon sequestration and reduced fertilizer use after legume cover crops. (2) The surface albedo change due to cover cropping, calculated for the first time here using case study sites in central Spain and Pennsylvania, USA, may mitigate 12 to 46 g CO2 e/m2/year over a 100-year time horizon. And (3) Cover crop management can also enable climate change adaptation at these case study sites, especially through reduced vulnerability to erosion from extreme rain events, increased soil water management options during droughts or periods of soil saturation, and retention of nitrogen mineralized due to warming. Overall, we found very few tradeoffs between cover cropping and climate change mitigation and adaptation, suggesting that ecosystem services that are traditionally expected from cover cropping can be promoted synergistically with services related to climate change.' Author: 'Kaye, Jason P.; Quemada, Miguel' DOI: 10.1007/s13593-016-0410-x Date: January 19 ISSN: 1773-0155 Issue: 1 Journal: Agronomy for Sustainable Development Pages: 4 Title: Using cover crops to mitigate and adapt to climate change. A review Type of Article: journal article Volume: 37 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23545 _uuid: 94c2d912-8ac9-4c32-958c-6918f5cc079a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s13593-016-0410-x href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/94c2d912-8ac9-4c32-958c-6918f5cc079a.yaml identifier: 94c2d912-8ac9-4c32-958c-6918f5cc079a uri: /reference/94c2d912-8ac9-4c32-958c-6918f5cc079a - attrs: Abstract: 'This paper analyzes the optimal mix of adaptation and mitigation expenditures in a cost-effective setting, in which countries cooperate to achieve a long-term stabilization target (550 CO2-eq). It uses an Integrated Assessment Model (AD-WITCH) that describes the relationships between different adaptation modes (reactive and anticipatory), mitigation and capacity building to analyze the optimal portfolio of adaptation measures. Results show that the optimal intertemporal distribution of climate policy measures is characterized by early investments in mitigation followed by large adaptation expenditures a few decades later. Hence, the possibility of adapting does not justify postponing mitigation. Moreover, a climate change policy combining mitigation and adaptation is less costly than mitigation alone. In this sense mitigation and adaptation are shown to be strategic complements rather than mutually exclusive.' Author: 'Bosello, Francesco; Carraro, Carlo; De Cian, Enrica' DOI: 10.1017/S1355770X13000132 Database Provider: Cambridge University Press EPub Date: 2013/04/29 ISSN: 1355-770X Issue: 3 Journal: Environment and Development Economics Name of Database: Cambridge Core Pages: 270-290 Publisher: Cambridge University Press Title: 'Adaptation can help mitigation: An integrated approach to post-2012 climate policy' Volume: 18 Year: 2013 _record_number: 24498 _uuid: 9b678f06-a101-4b45-845a-8e7df8530d47 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1017/S1355770X13000132 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9b678f06-a101-4b45-845a-8e7df8530d47.yaml identifier: 9b678f06-a101-4b45-845a-8e7df8530d47 uri: /reference/9b678f06-a101-4b45-845a-8e7df8530d47 - attrs: Abstract: 'There is evidence that warming leads to greater evapotranspiration and surface drying, thus contributing to increasing intensity and duration of drought and implying that mitigation would reduce water stresses. However, understanding the overall impact of climate change mitigation on water resources requires accounting for the second part of the equation, i.e., the impact of mitigation-induced changes in water demands from human activities. By using integrated, high-resolution models of human and natural system processes to understand potential synergies and/or constraints within the climate–energy–water nexus, we show that in the United States, over the course of the 21st century and under one set of consistent socioeconomics, the reductions in water stress from slower rates of climate change resulting from emission mitigation are overwhelmed by the increased water stress from the emissions mitigation itself. The finding that the human dimension outpaces the benefits from mitigating climate change is contradictory to the general perception that climate change mitigation improves water conditions. This research shows the potential for unintended and negative consequences of climate change mitigation.' Author: 'Hejazi, Mohamad I.; Voisin, Nathalie; Liu, Lu; Bramer, Lisa M.; Fortin, Daniel C.; Hathaway, John E.; Huang, Maoyi; Kyle, Page; Leung, L. Ruby; Li, Hong-Yi; Liu, Ying; Patel, Pralit L.; Pulsipher, Trenton C.; Rice, Jennie S.; Tesfa, Teklu K.; Vernon, Chris R.; Zhou, Yuyu' DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1421675112 Date: 'August 25, 2015' Issue: 34 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pages: 10635-10640 Title: 21st century United States emissions mitigation could increase water stress more than the climate change it is mitigating Volume: 112 Year: 2015 _record_number: 24486 _uuid: 9bfd3c12-a45e-4317-b640-6deadff2a790 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1421675112 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9bfd3c12-a45e-4317-b640-6deadff2a790.yaml identifier: 9bfd3c12-a45e-4317-b640-6deadff2a790 uri: /reference/9bfd3c12-a45e-4317-b640-6deadff2a790 - attrs: .reference_type: 9 Author: 'Houser, Trevor; Hsiang, Solomon; Kopp, Robert; Larsen, Kate; Michael Delgado; Amir Jina; Michael Mastrandrea; Shashank Mohan; Robert Muir-Wood; D. J. Rasmussen; James Rising; Paul Wilson ' ISBN: "023117456X\r978-0231174565" Place Published: New York Publisher: Columbia University Press Title: 'Economic Risks of Climate Change: An American Prospectus' Year: 2015 _record_number: 25465 _uuid: 9f559c9b-c78e-4593-bcbe-f07661d29e16 reftype: Book child_publication: /book/economic-risks-climate-change-an-american-prospectus href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9f559c9b-c78e-4593-bcbe-f07661d29e16.yaml identifier: 9f559c9b-c78e-4593-bcbe-f07661d29e16 uri: /reference/9f559c9b-c78e-4593-bcbe-f07661d29e16 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Larsen, Peter H.; Brent Boehlert; Joseph H. Eto; Kristina Hamachi-LaCommare; Jeremy Martinich; Lisa Rennels' Institution: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Pages: 45 Place Published: 'Berkeley, CA' Series Volume: 'LBNL- 1007027' Title: Projecting future costs to U.S. electric utility customers from power interruptions URL: https://emp.lbl.gov/publications/projecting-future-costs-us-electric Year: 2017 _record_number: 24520 _uuid: b59cd5cf-863a-4f5c-9854-f07263205946 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/projecting-future-costs-us-electric-utility-customers-power-interruptions href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b59cd5cf-863a-4f5c-9854-f07263205946.yaml identifier: b59cd5cf-863a-4f5c-9854-f07263205946 uri: /reference/b59cd5cf-863a-4f5c-9854-f07263205946 - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: 'DeAngelo, B.; J. Edmonds; D.W. Fahey; B.M. Sanderson' Book Title: 'Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I' DOI: 10.7930/J0M32SZG Editor: 'Wuebbles, D.J.; D.W. Fahey; K.A. Hibbard; D.J. Dokken; B.C. Stewart; T.K. Maycock' Pages: 393-410 Place Published: 'Washington, DC, USA' Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program Title: Perspectives on Climate Change Mitigation Year: 2017 _record_number: 21572 _uuid: b87babf4-a67d-4e2c-8a8d-a660b34aec3a reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/mitigation-pathways href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b87babf4-a67d-4e2c-8a8d-a660b34aec3a.yaml identifier: b87babf4-a67d-4e2c-8a8d-a660b34aec3a uri: /reference/b87babf4-a67d-4e2c-8a8d-a660b34aec3a - attrs: .publisher: Nature Publishing Group .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Challinor, A. J.; Watson, J.; Lobell, D. B.; Howden, S. M.; Smith, D. R.; Chhetri, N.' DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2153 Date: 04//print ISSN: 1758-678X Issue: 4 Journal: Nature Climate Change Pages: 287-291 Title: A meta-analysis of crop yield under climate change and adaptation Volume: 4 Year: 2014 _record_number: 20341 _uuid: cd6bd680-f138-498d-a9b6-0f08b968d6e8 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/nclimate2153 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/cd6bd680-f138-498d-a9b6-0f08b968d6e8.yaml identifier: cd6bd680-f138-498d-a9b6-0f08b968d6e8 uri: /reference/cd6bd680-f138-498d-a9b6-0f08b968d6e8 - attrs: Abstract: 'A number of knowledge gaps and research priorities emerged during the third US National Climate Assessment (NCA3). Several are also gaps in the latest IPCC WG2 report. These omissions reflect major gaps in the underlying research base from which these assessments draw. These include the challenge of estimating the costs and benefits of climate change impacts and responses to climate change and the need for research on climate impacts on important sectors such as manufacturing and services. Climate impacts also need to be assessed within an international context in an increasingly connected and globalized world. Climate change is being experienced not only through changes within a locality but also through the impacts of climate change in other regions connected through trade, prices, and commodity chains, migratory species, human mobility and networked communications. Also under-researched are the connections and tradeoffs between responses to climate change at or across different scales, especially between adaptation and mitigation or between climate responses and other environmental and social policies. This paper discusses some of these research priorities, illustrating their significance through analysis of economic and international connections and case studies of responses to climate change. It also critically reflects on the process of developing research needs as part of the assessment process.' Author: 'Liverman, Diana' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-015-1464-5 Date: March 01 ISSN: 1573-1480 Issue: 1 Journal: Climatic Change Pages: 173-186 Title: 'U.S. national climate assessment gaps and research needs: Overview, the economy and the international context' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 135 Year: 2016 _record_number: 22064 _uuid: d6eb34ef-1bfb-4b90-a397-f6bb363086a0 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-015-1464-5 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d6eb34ef-1bfb-4b90-a397-f6bb363086a0.yaml identifier: d6eb34ef-1bfb-4b90-a397-f6bb363086a0 uri: /reference/d6eb34ef-1bfb-4b90-a397-f6bb363086a0 - attrs: Author: 'Melvin, April M.; Larsen, Peter; Boehlert, Brent; Neumann, James E.; Chinowsky, Paul; Espinet, Xavier; Martinich, Jeremy; Baumann, Matthew S.; Rennels, Lisa; Bothner, Alexandra; Nicolsky, Dmitry J.; Marchenko, Sergey S.' DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1611056113 Database Provider: www.pnas.org Date: 2016/12/27/ ISSN: '0027-8424, 1091-6490' Issue: 2 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Keywords: adaptation; Alaska; climate change; damages; infrastructure Language: en Pages: E122-E131 Title: Climate change damages to Alaska public infrastructure and the economics of proactive adaptation Volume: 114 Year: 2017 _record_number: 22252 _uuid: df6fcad4-f0ea-4c60-97e1-ae2a40455f51 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1611056113 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/df6fcad4-f0ea-4c60-97e1-ae2a40455f51.yaml identifier: df6fcad4-f0ea-4c60-97e1-ae2a40455f51 uri: /reference/df6fcad4-f0ea-4c60-97e1-ae2a40455f51 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Watkiss, Paul' Institution: Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy (CCCEP) and Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment Pages: 41 Series Volume: Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy Working Paper No. 231 and Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment Working Paper No. 205 Title: A review of the economics of adaptation and climate-resilient development URL: http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Working-Paper-205-Watkiss.pdf Year: 2015 _record_number: 24528 _uuid: f3f40545-3cb4-4288-94a5-031e31a3bfed reftype: Report child_publication: /report/review-economics-adaptation-climate-resilient-development href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f3f40545-3cb4-4288-94a5-031e31a3bfed.yaml identifier: f3f40545-3cb4-4288-94a5-031e31a3bfed uri: /reference/f3f40545-3cb4-4288-94a5-031e31a3bfed - attrs: Abstract: 'Episodes of severe weather in the United States, such as the present abundance of rainfall in California, are brandished as tangible evidence of the future costs of current climate trends. Hsiang et al. collected national data documenting the responses in six economic sectors to short-term weather fluctuations. These data were integrated with probabilistic distributions from a set of global climate models and used to estimate future costs during the remainder of this century across a range of scenarios (see the Perspective by Pizer). In terms of overall effects on gross domestic product, the authors predict negative impacts in the southern United States and positive impacts in some parts of the Pacific Northwest and New England.Science, this issue p. 1362; see also p. 1330Estimates of climate change damage are central to the design of climate policies. Here, we develop a flexible architecture for computing damages that integrates climate science, econometric analyses, and process models. We use this approach to construct spatially explicit, probabilistic, and empirically derived estimates of economic damage in the United States from climate change. The combined value of market and nonmarket damage across analyzed sectors—agriculture, crime, coastal storms, energy, human mortality, and labor—increases quadratically in global mean temperature, costing roughly 1.2% of gross domestic product per +1°C on average. Importantly, risk is distributed unequally across locations, generating a large transfer of value northward and westward that increases economic inequality. By the late 21st century, the poorest third of counties are projected to experience damages between 2 and 20% of county income (90% chance) under business-as-usual emissions (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5).' Author: 'Hsiang, Solomon; Kopp, Robert; Jina, Amir; Rising, James; Delgado, Michael; Mohan, Shashank; Rasmussen, D. J.; Muir-Wood, Robert; Wilson, Paul; Oppenheimer, Michael; Larsen, Kate; Houser, Trevor' DOI: 10.1126/science.aal4369 Issue: 6345 Journal: Science Pages: 1362-1369 Title: Estimating economic damage from climate change in the United States Volume: 356 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23965 _uuid: fad9e8ec-8951-4daa-9a9c-e093ef86af16 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.aal4369 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/fad9e8ec-8951-4daa-9a9c-e093ef86af16.yaml identifier: fad9e8ec-8951-4daa-9a9c-e093ef86af16 uri: /reference/fad9e8ec-8951-4daa-9a9c-e093ef86af16