--- - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'U.S. Navy,' Institution: Navy's Task Force Climate Change Pages: 47 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Title: The United States Navy Arctic Roadmap for 2014 to 2030 URL: http://greenfleet.dodlive.mil/files/2014/02/USN-Arctic-Roadmap-2014.pdf Year: 2014 _record_number: 22257 _uuid: 89707c09-8706-476a-b865-af000ce922b9 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/united-states-navy-arctic-roadmap-2014-2030 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/89707c09-8706-476a-b865-af000ce922b9.yaml identifier: 89707c09-8706-476a-b865-af000ce922b9 uri: /reference/89707c09-8706-476a-b865-af000ce922b9 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Vocke, Gary' Institution: USDA Economic Research Service Pages: 21 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Report Number: WHS-2015-1 Title: 'U.S. 2013/14 Wheat Year in Review: Smaller Supplies and Higher Exports Lower Ending Stocks' URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=40302 Year: 2015 _record_number: 25777 _uuid: 8a806e30-5627-4d0e-a6ba-2d58ef221f1b reftype: Report child_publication: /report/us-201314-wheat-year-review-smaller-supplies-higher-exports-lower-ending-stocks href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8a806e30-5627-4d0e-a6ba-2d58ef221f1b.yaml identifier: 8a806e30-5627-4d0e-a6ba-2d58ef221f1b uri: /reference/8a806e30-5627-4d0e-a6ba-2d58ef221f1b - attrs: .reference_type: 32 Author: 'GCRA,' Date Enacted: November 16 Name of Act: Global Change Research Act of 1990 Pages: 3096-3104 Public Law Number: 101-606 Section: 'United States Code, Title 15, Chapter 56A—Global Change Research' Statute Number: 104 Title: 'Global Change Research Act (Public Law 101-606, 104 Stat. 3096-3104), signed on November 16, 1990' URL: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-104/pdf/STATUTE-104-Pg3096.pdf Year: 1990 _chapter: '["Appendix 6: Future Topics FINAL","Ch. 30: NCA Long-Term Process FINAL"]' _record_number: 766 _uuid: 9204bd83-649f-4056-9f3e-678c3f612553 reftype: Statute child_publication: /report/pl-106-606-gcra href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9204bd83-649f-4056-9f3e-678c3f612553.yaml identifier: 9204bd83-649f-4056-9f3e-678c3f612553 uri: /reference/9204bd83-649f-4056-9f3e-678c3f612553 - attrs: Abstract: 'Effects of climate change on the worst case scenario of a storm surge induced by a super typhoon in the present climate are investigated through the case study of Typhoon Haiyan. We present the results of our investigation on super-typhoon Haiyan by using a super high resolution (1 km grid) regional model that explicitly handles cloud microphysical processes. As the parent model, we adopted the operational weekly ensemble experiments (60 km grid) of the Japan Meteorological Agency, and compared experiments using sea surface temperatures and atmospheric environmental parameters from before the beginning of anthropogenic climate change (150 years ago) with those using observed values throughout the typhoon. We were able not only to represent the typhoon’s intensity but also to evaluate the influences of climate change on worst case storm surges in the Gulf of Leyte due to a typhoon with high robustness. In 15 of 16 ensemble experiments, the intensity of the simulated worst case storm in the actual conditions was stronger than that in a hypothetical natural condition without historical anthropogenic forcing during the past 150 years. The intensity of the typhoon is translated to a disaster metric by simulating the storm surge height by using a shallow-water long-wave model. The result indicates that the worst case scenario of a storm surge in the Gulf of Leyte may be worse by 20%, though changes in frequency of such events are not accounted for here.' Author: 'Takayabu, Izuru; Kenshi Hibino; Hidetaka Sasaki; Hideo Shiogama; Nobuhito Mori; Yoko Shibutani; Tetsuya Takemi' DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/10/8/089502 ISSN: 1748-9326 Issue: 6 Journal: Environmental Research Letters Pages: 064011 Title: 'Climate change effects on the worst-case storm surge: A case study of Typhoon Haiyan' Volume: 10 Year: 2015 _record_number: 25771 _uuid: 979e6c6b-e8c2-4c77-894e-b6d681c2758c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1088/1748-9326/10/8/089502 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/979e6c6b-e8c2-4c77-894e-b6d681c2758c.yaml identifier: 979e6c6b-e8c2-4c77-894e-b6d681c2758c uri: /reference/979e6c6b-e8c2-4c77-894e-b6d681c2758c - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Abstract: 'Climate variability and change exert disproportionate impacts on the water sector because water is a crosscutting resource for food production, energy generation, economic development, poverty alleviation, and ecosystem processes. Flexible surface water and groundwater storage together with adaptive water governance are increasingly recognized and deployed to strengthen climate resilience, specifically by buffering drought and flood extremes, bridging interannual variability, and providing for multiple uses of water, including environmental flows. Adaptation can be further enhanced by the following: (1) accounting for hydroclimatic and water-demand uncertainties; (2) strengthening institutional learning in relation to reservoirs (reoperations as well as mechanisms to address growing civil-society critiques of “hard-path dependence”); (3) increasing flexibility of policies for infrastructure (including readaptation to past cycles of infrastructure development); and (4) building on science-policy dialogues that link infrastructure and governance. An array of complementary adaptation tools will buttress climate resilience. Some emerging techniques include underground storage, distributed basin-wide enhancement of water retention, efficient water use (with limits on the expansion of new demands on saved water), and wastewater reclamation and reuse (with their own emerging storage and recovery techniques). Each of these techniques is directly linked to reservoirs in practical and operational terms. Conjunctive surface-water and groundwater storage must be further developed through infrastructure, institutional, and policy approaches including groundwater banking, trading and credit schemes, water swaps (substitutions and exchanges), and a robust approach to targeted water storage for climate resilience.' Author: 'Scott, Christopher A.; Lutz-Ley, America N.' Book Title: 'Increasing Resilience to Climate Variability and Change: The Roles of Infrastructure and Governance in the Context of Adaptation' DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1914-2_2 Editor: 'Tortajada, Cecilia' ISBN: 978-981-10-1914-2 Pages: 15-40 Place Published: Singapore Publisher: Springer Singapore Title: 'Enhancing water governance for climate resilience: Arizona, USA—Sonora, Mexico comparative assessment of the role of reservoirs in adaptive management for water security' Year: 2016 _record_number: 22050 _uuid: 989a4051-8b5e-475c-9885-b9a0788e8d1e reftype: Book Section child_publication: /book/0703cf26-32fb-47db-8b29-178b091ec5bc href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/989a4051-8b5e-475c-9885-b9a0788e8d1e.yaml identifier: 989a4051-8b5e-475c-9885-b9a0788e8d1e uri: /reference/989a4051-8b5e-475c-9885-b9a0788e8d1e - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'WFP,; Oxfam America,' Institution: World Food Programme (WFP) and Oxfam America Pages: 40 Place Published: 'Boston, MA' Title: 'R4: Rural resilience initiative. Annual report' URL: https://www.oxfamamerica.org/static/media/files/R4_AR_2015_WEB.pdf Year: 2016 _record_number: 26153 _uuid: 996df0ae-894c-4aa3-a53c-26561e8a5bb3 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/r4-rural-resilience-initiative-annual-report href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/996df0ae-894c-4aa3-a53c-26561e8a5bb3.yaml identifier: 996df0ae-894c-4aa3-a53c-26561e8a5bb3 uri: /reference/996df0ae-894c-4aa3-a53c-26561e8a5bb3 - attrs: Abstract: 'A large agronomic literature models the implications of climate change for a variety of crops and locations around the world. The goal of the present paper is to quantify the macro-level consequences of these micro-level shocks. Using an extremely rich micro-level data set that contains information about the productivity—both before and after climate change—of each of 10 crops for each of 1.7 million fields covering the surface of the earth, we find that the impact of climate change on these agricultural markets would amount to a 0.26 percent reduction in global GDP when trade and production patterns are allowed to adjust. Since the value of output in our 10 crops is equal to 1.8 percent of world GDP, this corresponds to about one-sixth of total crop value.' Author: 'Costinot, Arnaud; Dave Donaldson; Cory Smith' DOI: 10.1086/684719 Issue: 1 Journal: Journal of Political Economy Pages: 205-248 Title: 'Evolving comparative advantage and the impact of climate change in agricultural markets: Evidence from 1.7 million fields around the world' Volume: 124 Year: 2016 _record_number: 26149 _uuid: 997e9fd8-1425-4e94-9a50-484eec7315ab reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1086/684719 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/997e9fd8-1425-4e94-9a50-484eec7315ab.yaml identifier: 997e9fd8-1425-4e94-9a50-484eec7315ab uri: /reference/997e9fd8-1425-4e94-9a50-484eec7315ab - attrs: Abstract: 'Climate change might impact crop yields considerably and anticipated transformations of agricultural systems are needed in the coming decades to sustain affordable food provision. However, decision-making on transformational shifts in agricultural systems is plagued by uncertainties concerning the nature and geography of climate change, its impacts, and adequate responses. Locking agricultural systems into inadequate transformations costly to adjust is a significant risk and this acts as an incentive to delay action. It is crucial to gain insight into how much transformation is required from agricultural systems, how robust such strategies are, and how we can defuse the associated challenge for decision-making. While implementing a definition related to large changes in resource use into a global impact assessment modelling framework, we find transformational adaptations to be required of agricultural systems in most regions by 2050s in order to cope with climate change. However, these transformations widely differ across climate change scenarios: uncertainties in large-scale development of irrigation span in all continents from 2030s on, and affect two-thirds of regions by 2050s. Meanwhile, significant but uncertain reduction of major agricultural areas affects the Northern Hemisphere’s temperate latitudes, while increases to non-agricultural zones could be large but uncertain in one-third of regions. To help reducing the associated challenge for decision-making, we propose a methodology exploring which, when, where and why transformations could be required and uncertain, by means of scenario analysis.' Author: 'Leclère, D.; P. Havlík; S. Fuss; E. Schmid; A. Mosnier; B. Walsh; H. Valin; M. Herrero; N. Khabarov; M. Obersteiner' DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/9/12/124018 ISSN: 1748-9326 Issue: 12 Journal: Environmental Research Letters Pages: 124018 Title: 'Climate change induced transformations of agricultural systems: insights from a global model' Volume: 9 Year: 2014 _record_number: 22067 _uuid: 99c6c9c6-bd31-45bb-9743-e1d4574251f7 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1088/1748-9326/9/12/124018 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/99c6c9c6-bd31-45bb-9743-e1d4574251f7.yaml identifier: 99c6c9c6-bd31-45bb-9743-e1d4574251f7 uri: /reference/99c6c9c6-bd31-45bb-9743-e1d4574251f7 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Douglas, Thomas A.; Jorgenson, M. T.; Brown, D. N.; Hiemstra, C. A.; Liljedahl, A. K.; Downer, C.; Pradhan, N.; Marchenko, S.; Campbell, S.; Senseman, G.; Olson, K.' Institution: U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Pages: 179 Place Published: Fort Wainwright Report Number: SERDP Project RC-2110 Title: 'Addressing the Impacts of Climate Change on U.S. Army Alaska: With Decision Support Tools Developed Through Field Work and Modeling' URL: 'http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/1030958.pdf; ' Year: 2016 _record_number: 25764 _uuid: 9aa16b15-c1b0-4dec-9442-01cd91e62f35 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/addressing-impacts-climate-change-on-us-army-alaska-decision-support-tools-developed-through-field-work-modeling href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9aa16b15-c1b0-4dec-9442-01cd91e62f35.yaml identifier: 9aa16b15-c1b0-4dec-9442-01cd91e62f35 uri: /reference/9aa16b15-c1b0-4dec-9442-01cd91e62f35 - attrs: Author: 'Monaghan, Andrew J.; Morin, Cory W.; Steinhoff, Daniel F.; Wilhelmi, Olga; Hayden, Mary; Quattrochi, Dale A.; Reiskind, Michael; Lloyd, Alun L; Smith, Kirk; Schmidt, Chris A.; Scalf, Paige E.; Ernst, Kacey' DOI: 10.1371/currents.outbreaks.50dfc7f46798675fc63e7d7da563da76 Journal: 'Plos Currents: Outbreaks' Title: On the seasonal occurrence and abundance of the Zika virus vector mosquito Aedes aegypti in the contiguous United States Year: 2016 _record_number: 22061 _uuid: 9cef8d69-7596-480a-81b6-abd09ff1c1e3 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1371/currents.outbreaks.50dfc7f46798675fc63e7d7da563da76 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9cef8d69-7596-480a-81b6-abd09ff1c1e3.yaml identifier: 9cef8d69-7596-480a-81b6-abd09ff1c1e3 uri: /reference/9cef8d69-7596-480a-81b6-abd09ff1c1e3 - attrs: Author: 'Tong, Daniel Q.; Wang, Julian X. L.; Gill, Thomas E.; Lei, Hang; Wang, Binyu' DOI: 10.1002/2017GL073524 ISSN: 1944-8007 Issue: 9 Journal: Geophysical Research Letters Keywords: 'dust; Valley fever; climate; air quality; aerosol; health; 0305 Aerosols and particles; 0360 Radiation: transmission and scattering; 1616 Climate variability; 1630 Impacts of global change' Pages: 4304-4312 Title: Intensified dust storm activity and Valley fever infection in the southwestern United States Volume: 44 Year: 2017 _record_number: 22043 _uuid: 9def246f-d97d-4cda-8794-78ceefe6b8da reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/2017GL073524 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9def246f-d97d-4cda-8794-78ceefe6b8da.yaml identifier: 9def246f-d97d-4cda-8794-78ceefe6b8da uri: /reference/9def246f-d97d-4cda-8794-78ceefe6b8da - attrs: .reference_type: 9 Abstract: 'Climate change can reasonably be expected to increase the frequency and intensity of a variety of potentially disruptive environmental events--slowly at first, but then more quickly. It is prudent to expect to be surprised by the way in which these events may cascade, or have far-reaching effects. During the coming decade, certain climate-related events will produce consequences that exceed the capacity of the affected societies or global systems to manage; these may have global security implications. Although focused on events outside the United States, Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis recommends a range of research and policy actions to create a whole-of-government approach to increasing understanding of complex and contingent connections between climate and security, and to inform choices about adapting to and reducing vulnerability to climate change.' Author: National Research Council DOI: 10.17226/14682 ISBN: 978-0-309-27856-0 Keywords: Environment and Environmental Studies; Behavioral and Social Sciences; Earth Sciences; Conflict and Security Issues Language: English Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: The National Academies Press Series Editor: 'Steinbruner, John D.; Stern, Paul C.; Husbands, Jo L.' Title: 'Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis' Year: 2013 _record_number: 26154 _uuid: 9e7e9908-727f-46a6-90da-0a7f078293ed reftype: Book child_publication: /report/nrc-climate-social-stress-2013 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9e7e9908-727f-46a6-90da-0a7f078293ed.yaml identifier: 9e7e9908-727f-46a6-90da-0a7f078293ed uri: /reference/9e7e9908-727f-46a6-90da-0a7f078293ed - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'International Finance Corporation,' Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: World Bank Title: 'Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability [web site]' URL: https://www.ifc.org/performancestandards Year: n.d. _record_number: 26152 _uuid: 9fdb5963-0b30-4a5c-9d36-5a1cfd9b9cad reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/b0040562-e2d0-4817-bd57-54abfa151dc1 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9fdb5963-0b30-4a5c-9d36-5a1cfd9b9cad.yaml identifier: 9fdb5963-0b30-4a5c-9d36-5a1cfd9b9cad uri: /reference/9fdb5963-0b30-4a5c-9d36-5a1cfd9b9cad - attrs: Abstract: 'Despite growing concerns about the possible security implications of extreme precipitation shortfalls in vulnerable and politically fragile regions, the particular conditions that make armed violence more or less likely in times of drought remain poorly understood. Using a spatially disaggregated research design and focusing on sub-Saharan Africa, the present analysis assesses how far violent and nonviolent outcomes in the wake of drought can be accounted for by regional differences in the provision of key infrastructures that help coping with drought and preventing violence. The results indicate that civil conflict events in connection with drought are more likely in administrative areas with poorly developed road infrastructures. Drought-related communal violence, on the other hand, is more likely in regions where an important part of the population lacks access to an improved water source. Thus, while the provision of key infrastructures seems to moderate local conflict risks in connection with drought, there are nevertheless important distinctions with regard to different types of infrastructures and forms of armed violence. However, the importance of precipitation shortfalls as a conflict-facilitating factor in sub-Saharan Africa should not be overstated, as the overall contribution of drought measures to predicting violent events is modest in all calculated models.' Author: 'Detges, Adrien' DOI: 10.1177/0022343316651922 Issue: 5 Journal: Journal of Peace Research Keywords: 'armed conflict,disaggregated conflict analysis,drought,roads,sub-Saharan Africa,water infrastructures' Pages: 696-710 Title: Local conditions of drought-related violence in sub-Saharan Africa Volume: 53 Year: 2016 _record_number: 22081 _uuid: a056f0e9-460b-4775-a338-a4b10e98c639 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1177/0022343316651922 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a056f0e9-460b-4775-a338-a4b10e98c639.yaml identifier: a056f0e9-460b-4775-a338-a4b10e98c639 uri: /reference/a056f0e9-460b-4775-a338-a4b10e98c639 - attrs: Author: 'King, Jonathan S.; Peter W. Culp; de la Parra, Carlos ' ISSN: 1521-3455 Journal: University of Denver Water Law Review Pages: 36 Title: 'Getting to the right side of the river: Lessons for binational cooperation on the road to minute 319' Volume: 18 Year: 2014 _record_number: 22107 _uuid: a0f021ed-9058-4f3c-8ef6-5e021ca1e431 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/getting-right-side-river-lessons-binational-cooperation-on-road-minute-319 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a0f021ed-9058-4f3c-8ef6-5e021ca1e431.yaml identifier: a0f021ed-9058-4f3c-8ef6-5e021ca1e431 uri: /reference/a0f021ed-9058-4f3c-8ef6-5e021ca1e431 - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: 'Wehner, M.F.; J.R. Arnold; T. Knutson; K.E. Kunkel; A.N. LeGrande' Book Title: 'Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I' DOI: 10.7930/J0CJ8BNN Editor: 'Wuebbles, D.J.; D.W. Fahey; K.A. Hibbard; D.J. Dokken; B.C. Stewart; T.K. Maycock' Pages: 231-256 Place Published: 'Washington, DC, USA' Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program Title: 'Droughts, Floods, and Wildfires' Year: 2017 _record_number: 21566 _uuid: a29b612b-8c28-4c93-9c18-19314babce89 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/drought-floods-hydrology href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a29b612b-8c28-4c93-9c18-19314babce89.yaml identifier: a29b612b-8c28-4c93-9c18-19314babce89 uri: /reference/a29b612b-8c28-4c93-9c18-19314babce89 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Lichtenstein, Joshua' Institution: Oxfam American Pages: 47 Place Published: 'Boston, MA' Series Volume: 'Briefing Paper 01, issue #1' Title: 'After Hurricane Mitch: United States Agency for International Development Reconstruction and the Stockholm Principles' URL: http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PCAAB248.pdf Year: 2001 _record_number: 22113 _uuid: a3cee3ef-2c98-4ad7-a041-7ac0bd9f55ff reftype: Report child_publication: /report/after-hurricane-mitch-united-states-agency-international-development-reconstruction-stockholm-principles href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a3cee3ef-2c98-4ad7-a041-7ac0bd9f55ff.yaml identifier: a3cee3ef-2c98-4ad7-a041-7ac0bd9f55ff uri: /reference/a3cee3ef-2c98-4ad7-a041-7ac0bd9f55ff - attrs: Author: 'Osgood, Daniel' Last Update Date: July 1 Place Published: New York Publisher: 'Columbia University, IRI' Title of Entry: '25,000 Insured Ethiopian Farmers Receive Payments for El Niño Droughts' Title of WebLog: 'International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI): News' URL: https://iri.columbia.edu/news/ethiopiar4drought/ Year: 2016 _record_number: 25767 _uuid: a45f08b3-d6c8-4e9b-be70-fa9d4c6a324f reftype: Blog child_publication: /webpage/f1fb5dca-83f7-4f6a-a571-92232b31f858 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a45f08b3-d6c8-4e9b-be70-fa9d4c6a324f.yaml identifier: a45f08b3-d6c8-4e9b-be70-fa9d4c6a324f uri: /reference/a45f08b3-d6c8-4e9b-be70-fa9d4c6a324f - attrs: Abstract: 'Precipitation affects many aspects of our everyday life. It is the primary source of freshwater and has significant socioeconomic impacts resulting from natural hazards such as hurricanes, floods, droughts, and landslides. Fundamentally, precipitation is a critical component of the global water and energy cycle that governs the weather, climate, and ecological systems. Accurate and timely knowledge of when, where, and how much it rains or snows is essential for understanding how the Earth system functions and for improving the prediction of weather, climate, freshwater resources, and natural hazard events. The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is an international satellite mission specifically designed to set a new standard for the measurement of precipitation from space and to provide a new generation of global rainfall and snowfall observations in all parts of the world every 3 h. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Japan Aerospace and Exploration Agency (JAXA) successfully launched the Core Observatory satellite on 28 February 2014 carrying advanced radar and radiometer systems to serve as a precipitation physics observatory. This will serve as a transfer standard for improving the accuracy and consistency of precipitation measurements from a constellation of research and operational satellites provided by a consortium of international partners. GPM will provide key measurements for understanding the global water and energy cycle in a changing climate as well as timely information useful for a range of regional and global societal applications such as numerical weather prediction, natural hazard monitoring, freshwater resource management, and crop forecasting.' Author: 'Hou, Arthur Y.; Ramesh K. Kakar; Steven Neeck; Ardeshir A. Azarbarzin; Christian D. Kummerow; Masahiro Kojima; Riko Oki; Kenji Nakamura; Toshio Iguchi' DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-13-00164.1 Issue: 5 Journal: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Pages: 701-722 Title: The Global Precipitation Measurement mission Volume: 95 Year: 2014 _record_number: 22071 _uuid: a47d94cf-9dda-431d-8426-de23c97ccbec reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1175/bams-d-13-00164.1 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a47d94cf-9dda-431d-8426-de23c97ccbec.yaml identifier: a47d94cf-9dda-431d-8426-de23c97ccbec uri: /reference/a47d94cf-9dda-431d-8426-de23c97ccbec - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'UN Global Compact,' Institution: United Nations Global Compact Pages: 94 Report Number: A Caring for Climate Report Title: 'The Business Case for Responsible Corporate Adaptation: Strengthening Private Sector and Community Resilience' URL: https://www.unglobalcompact.org/library/3701 Year: 2015 _record_number: 25772 _uuid: a4e5e9bb-b8e8-4e49-ace2-315deda4e343 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/business-case-responsible-corporate-adaptation-strengthening-private-sector-community-resilience href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a4e5e9bb-b8e8-4e49-ace2-315deda4e343.yaml identifier: a4e5e9bb-b8e8-4e49-ace2-315deda4e343 uri: /reference/a4e5e9bb-b8e8-4e49-ace2-315deda4e343 - attrs: Author: 'Freeman, Jody; Andrew Guzman' Issue: 8 Journal: Environmental Law Review Pages: 10695-10711 Title: Climate change and U.S. interests URL: https://elr.info/store/download/1484/70 Volume: 41 Year: 2011 _record_number: 22097 _uuid: a610c9d1-0026-48c4-91ee-534fa13594da reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/climate-change-and-us-interests href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a610c9d1-0026-48c4-91ee-534fa13594da.yaml identifier: a610c9d1-0026-48c4-91ee-534fa13594da uri: /reference/a610c9d1-0026-48c4-91ee-534fa13594da - attrs: Abstract: "Estimates of the global economic impacts of observed climate change during the 20th century obtained by applying five impact functions of different integrated assessment models (IAMs) are separated into their main natural and anthropogenic components. The estimates of the costs that can be attributed to natural variability factors and to the anthropogenic intervention with the climate system in general tend to show that: 1) during the first half of the century, the amplitude of the impacts associated with natural variability is considerably larger than that produced by anthropogenic factors and the effects of natural variability fluctuated between being negative and positive. These non-monotonic impacts are mostly determined by the low-frequency variability and the persistence of the climate system; 2) IAMs do not agree on the sign (nor on the magnitude) of the impacts of anthropogenic forcing but indicate that they steadily grew over the first part of the century, rapidly accelerated since the mid 1970's, and decelerated during the first decade of the 21st century. This deceleration is accentuated by the existence of interaction effects between natural variability and natural and anthropogenic forcing. The economic impacts of anthropogenic forcing range in the tenths of percentage of the world GDP by the end of the 20th century; 3) the impacts of natural forcing are about one order of magnitude lower than those associated with anthropogenic forcing and are dominated by the solar forcing; 4) the interaction effects between natural and anthropogenic factors can importantly modulate how impacts actually occur, at least for moderate increases in external forcing. Human activities became dominant drivers of the estimated economic impacts at the end of the 20th century, producing larger impacts than those of low-frequency natural variability. Some of the uses and limitations of IAMs are discussed." Author: 'Estrada, Francisco; Tol, Richard S. J.; Botzen, Wouter J. W.' DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172201 Issue: 2 Journal: PLOS ONE Pages: e0172201 Publisher: Public Library of Science Title: Global economic impacts of climate variability and change during the 20th century Volume: 12 Year: 2017 _record_number: 25755 _uuid: a6b06550-5126-42e9-b461-8244dc7b1508 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1371/journal.pone.0172201 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a6b06550-5126-42e9-b461-8244dc7b1508.yaml identifier: a6b06550-5126-42e9-b461-8244dc7b1508 uri: /reference/a6b06550-5126-42e9-b461-8244dc7b1508 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'CNA Corporation,' Institution: CNA Corporation Pages: 63 Place Published: 'Arlington, VA' Title: National security and the threat of climate change URL: https://www.cna.org/cna_files/pdf/National%20Security%20and%20the%20Threat%20of%20Climate%20Change.pdf Year: 2007 _record_number: 22138 _uuid: a93863d9-adb6-4264-bfb3-ace73b3c2077 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/national-security-threat-climate-change href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a93863d9-adb6-4264-bfb3-ace73b3c2077.yaml identifier: a93863d9-adb6-4264-bfb3-ace73b3c2077 uri: /reference/a93863d9-adb6-4264-bfb3-ace73b3c2077 - attrs: Author: 'Salehyan, Idean' DOI: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2014.10.004 Date: 2014/11/01/ ISSN: 0962-6298 Journal: Political Geography Keywords: Climate change; Conflict; Measurement; Weather; War Pages: 1-5 Title: 'Climate change and conflict: Making sense of disparate findings' Volume: 43 Year: 2014 _record_number: 22051 _uuid: acbba036-70c4-4a6b-9562-21aa70ef606a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.polgeo.2014.10.004 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/acbba036-70c4-4a6b-9562-21aa70ef606a.yaml identifier: acbba036-70c4-4a6b-9562-21aa70ef606a uri: /reference/acbba036-70c4-4a6b-9562-21aa70ef606a - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'RMJOC,' Institution: Bonneville Power Administration Pages: 59 Place Published: 'Portland, OR' Title: 'Climate and Hydrology Datasets for Use in the River Management Joint Operating Committee (RMJOC) Agencies’ Longer-Term Planning Studies: Part IV—Summary' URL: https://www.bpa.gov/p/Generation/Hydro/hydro/cc/Final_PartIV_091611.pdf Year: 2011 _record_number: 26159 _uuid: aedd0adb-12af-4f73-81a0-15d9bc7eac55 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/climate-hydrology-datasets-use-river-management-joint-operating-committee-rmjoc-agencies-longer-term-planning-studies-part-iv-summary href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/aedd0adb-12af-4f73-81a0-15d9bc7eac55.yaml identifier: aedd0adb-12af-4f73-81a0-15d9bc7eac55 uri: /reference/aedd0adb-12af-4f73-81a0-15d9bc7eac55