Figure 18.4

Gulf of Maine Research Institute GMRI
Katherine E. Mills

This figure appears in chapter 18 of the Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: The Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II report.

The figure shows annual average sea surface temperature (SST) differences from the 1982–2011 average (black dots and line). Over the period 1982–2016, sea surface temperature on the Northeast Continental Shelf has warmed at a rate of 0.06°F (0.033°C) per year (red dashed line). This rate is three times faster than the 1982–2013 global SST warming rate of 0.018°F (0.01°C) per year (gray dotted line).fb1f46cd-8b70-4a44-923a-66df61ffa0be The inset shows Northeast Continental Shelf seasonal SST differences from the 1982–2011 average as five-year rolling means for summer (July, August, September; red line) and winter (January, February, March; blue line). These seasons are centered on the warmest (summer) and coolest (winter) months for Northeast Shelf SSTs. Both seasons have warmed over the time period, but the summer warming rate has been stronger. Source: Gulf of Maine Research Institute.

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The time range for this figure is September 01, 1981 (00:00 AM) to April 09, 2018 (00:00 AM).

This figure was created on September 13, 2017.

This figure was submitted on December 06, 2018.

The spatial range for this figure is 0° to 90° latitude, and 0° to 180° longitude.

References :

• Slow adaptation in the face of rapid warming leads to collapse of the Gulf of Maine cod fishery (fb1f46cd)

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