--- - attrs: Author: 'Nowacki, Gregory J.; Abrams, Marc D.' DOI: 10.1641/B580207 Date: 2008/02/01 ISSN: 0006-3568 Issue: 2 Journal: BioScience Pages: 123-138 Publisher: American Institute of Biological Sciences Title: The demise of fire and “mesophication” of forests in the eastern United States Volume: 58 Year: 2008 _record_number: 21966 _uuid: d4ba4719-d00a-4094-910e-233e32325031 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1641/B580207 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d4ba4719-d00a-4094-910e-233e32325031.yaml identifier: d4ba4719-d00a-4094-910e-233e32325031 uri: /reference/d4ba4719-d00a-4094-910e-233e32325031 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Sweet, William V.; John J. Marra; Gregory Dusek' Institution: 'National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Environmental Information' Pages: 8 Title: '2016 State of U.S. High Tide Flooding and a 2017 Outlook. Supplement to State of the Climate: National Overview for June 2017' URL: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/monitoring-content/sotc/national/2017/may/2016_StateofHighTideFlooding.pdf Year: 2017 _record_number: 24384 _uuid: d67e2bfd-20fe-4bd8-a491-c3320b7f0044 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/2016-state-us-high-tide-flooding-2017-outlook-supplement-state-climate-national-overview-june-2017 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d67e2bfd-20fe-4bd8-a491-c3320b7f0044.yaml identifier: d67e2bfd-20fe-4bd8-a491-c3320b7f0044 uri: /reference/d67e2bfd-20fe-4bd8-a491-c3320b7f0044 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Bell, M.L.\rGoldberg, R.\rHogrefe, C.\rKinney, P.L.\rKnowlton, K.\rLynn, B.\rRosenthal, J.\rRosenzweig, C.\rPatz, J.A." DOI: 10.1007/s10584-006-9166-7 ISSN: 0165-0009 Issue: 1-2 Journal: Climatic Change Pages: 61-76 Title: 'Climate change, ambient ozone, and health in 50 US cities' Volume: 82 Year: 2007 _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL"]' _record_number: 333 _uuid: d6e399c7-1efe-4f91-927e-f957965e3aaa reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-006-9166-7 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d6e399c7-1efe-4f91-927e-f957965e3aaa.yaml identifier: d6e399c7-1efe-4f91-927e-f957965e3aaa uri: /reference/d6e399c7-1efe-4f91-927e-f957965e3aaa - attrs: Author: 'McEwan, Ryan W.; Dyer, James M.; Pederson, Neil' DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06390.x ISSN: 1600-0587 Issue: 2 Journal: Ecography Pages: 244-256 Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd Title: 'Multiple interacting ecosystem drivers: Toward an encompassing hypothesis of oak forest dynamics across eastern North America' Volume: 34 Year: 2011 _record_number: 21192 _uuid: d7cd72b7-d121-4531-ba5a-35e7541ff578 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06390.x href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d7cd72b7-d121-4531-ba5a-35e7541ff578.yaml identifier: d7cd72b7-d121-4531-ba5a-35e7541ff578 uri: /reference/d7cd72b7-d121-4531-ba5a-35e7541ff578 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: "Parris, A.\rP. Bromirski\rV. Burkett\rD. Cayan\rM. Culver\rJ. Hall\rR. Horton\rK. Knuuti\rR. Moss\rJ. Obeysekera\rA. Sallenger\rJ. Weiss" Institution: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pages: 37 Place Published: 'Silver Spring, MD' Publisher: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Series Volume: NOAA Tech Memo OAR CPO-1 Title: Global Sea Level Rise Scenarios for the United States National Climate Assessment. NOAA Tech Memo OAR CPO-1 URL: http://scenarios.globalchange.gov/sites/default/files/NOAA_SLR_r3_0.pdf Year: 2012 _chapter: '["Appendix 5: Scenarios FINAL","Ch. 20: Southwest FINAL","Ch. 25: Coastal Zone FINAL","Ch. 16: Northeast FINAL","RF 3","RG 10 Coasts","Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL","Ch. 5: Transportation FINAL","Ch. 4: Energy Supply and Use FINAL","Ch. 0: Intro Regions FINAL","Ch. 17: Southeast and Caribbean FINAL","Ch. 21: Northwest FINAL"]' _record_number: 2432 _uuid: d8089822-678e-4834-a1ec-0dca1da35314 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/noaa-techmemo-oar-cpo-1-2012 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d8089822-678e-4834-a1ec-0dca1da35314.yaml identifier: d8089822-678e-4834-a1ec-0dca1da35314 uri: /reference/d8089822-678e-4834-a1ec-0dca1da35314 - attrs: Author: 'Berdanier, Aaron B.; Clark, James S.' DOI: 10.1890/15-0274 ISSN: 1939-5582 Issue: 1 Journal: Ecological Applications Keywords: 'adaptive management; drought; forest; long-term data; morbidity; mortality; Piedmont Plateau, North Carolina, USA; southern Appalachian Mountains, North Carolina, USA; tree' Pages: 17-23 Title: Multiyear drought-induced morbidity preceding tree death in southeastern U.S. forests Volume: 26 Year: 2016 _record_number: 22019 _uuid: d8731246-25c1-4f5f-95ed-26eb14d03840 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1890/15-0274 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d8731246-25c1-4f5f-95ed-26eb14d03840.yaml identifier: d8731246-25c1-4f5f-95ed-26eb14d03840 uri: /reference/d8731246-25c1-4f5f-95ed-26eb14d03840 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Access Year: 2018 Author: 'Smith, Adam B.' Publisher: Climate.gov Title: '2017 U.S. billion-dollar weather and climate disasters: A historic year in context' URL: https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/beyond-data/2017-us-billion-dollar-weather-and-climate-disasters-historic-year Year: 2018 _record_number: 26309 _uuid: d9ee8071-8309-4068-8607-072562b2c3a2 reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/37b370d0-38a1-4d70-ab1d-5c60593dee62 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d9ee8071-8309-4068-8607-072562b2c3a2.yaml identifier: d9ee8071-8309-4068-8607-072562b2c3a2 uri: /reference/d9ee8071-8309-4068-8607-072562b2c3a2 - attrs: Article Number: e01400 Author: 'Stevens, P. W.; Blewett, D. A.; Boucek, R. E.; Rehage, J. S.; Winner, B. L.; Young, J. M.; Whittington, J. A.; Paperno, R.' DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1400 ISSN: 2150-8925 Issue: 8 Journal: Ecosphere Keywords: 'Centropomus undecimalis; coastal areas; common snook; disturbance; fishes; Special Feature: Extreme Cold Spells' Pages: e01400 Title: Resilience of a tropical sport fish population to a severe cold event varies across five estuaries in southern Florida Volume: 7 Year: 2016 _record_number: 24381 _uuid: da29fed3-0376-4167-95f1-90cd096a6ddd reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/ecs2.1400 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/da29fed3-0376-4167-95f1-90cd096a6ddd.yaml identifier: da29fed3-0376-4167-95f1-90cd096a6ddd uri: /reference/da29fed3-0376-4167-95f1-90cd096a6ddd - attrs: .reference_type: 63 Author: 'City of Fayetteville,' Pages: 3 Place Published: 'Fayetteville, AR' Title: Arkansans Can Take Steps to Respond to Climate Change URL: http://www.fayetteville-ar.gov/DocumentCenter/View/14890/Commentary_Climate-Change?bidId= Year: 2017 _record_number: 26344 _uuid: daef52e5-526b-4499-8c36-c920dbe7df41 reftype: Press Release child_publication: /generic/7abd2ec9-a96d-4ba0-a431-1bc4011e62a0 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/daef52e5-526b-4499-8c36-c920dbe7df41.yaml identifier: daef52e5-526b-4499-8c36-c920dbe7df41 uri: /reference/daef52e5-526b-4499-8c36-c920dbe7df41 - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: 'Beard, Charles B.; Eisen, Rebecca J.; Barker, Christopher M.; Garofalo, Jada F.; Hahn, Micah; Hayden, Mary; Monaghan, Andrew J.; Ogden, Nicholas H.; Schramm, Paul J.' Book Title: 'The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment' DOI: 10.7930/J0765C7V Pages: 129–156 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: ' U.S. Global Change Research Program' Title: 'Ch. 5: Vector-borne diseases ' Year: 2016 _record_number: 19377 _uuid: dbfb7cd9-7c82-43ea-a4e2-9e2eb0b851fd reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/vectorborne-diseases href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/dbfb7cd9-7c82-43ea-a4e2-9e2eb0b851fd.yaml identifier: dbfb7cd9-7c82-43ea-a4e2-9e2eb0b851fd uri: /reference/dbfb7cd9-7c82-43ea-a4e2-9e2eb0b851fd - attrs: Author: 'Smee, Delbert L.; Sanchez, James A.; Diskin, Meredith; Trettin, Carl' DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2017.02.005 Date: 2017/03/05/ ISSN: 0272-7714 Journal: 'Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science' Keywords: Vegetation shift; Climate change; Shrimp Pages: 306-313 Title: Mangrove expansion into salt marshes alters associated faunal communities Volume: 187 Year: 2017 _record_number: 24377 _uuid: dc56d025-7d25-499f-b0e9-37451a783c60 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.02.005 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/dc56d025-7d25-499f-b0e9-37451a783c60.yaml identifier: dc56d025-7d25-499f-b0e9-37451a783c60 uri: /reference/dc56d025-7d25-499f-b0e9-37451a783c60 - attrs: Abstract: 'Heat waves and air pollution episodes pose a serious threat to human health and may worsen under future climate change. In this paper, we use 15 years (1999–2013) of commensurately gridded (1° x 1°) surface observations of extended summer (April–September) surface ozone (O3), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and maximum temperature (TX) over the eastern United States and Canada to construct a climatology of the coincidence, overlap, and lag in space and time of their extremes. Extremes of each quantity are defined climatologically at each grid cell as the 50 d with the highest values in three 5-y windows (∼95th percentile). Any two extremes occur on the same day in the same grid cell more than 50% of the time in the northeastern United States, but on a domain average, co-occurrence is approximately 30%. Although not exactly co-occurring, many of these extremes show connectedness with consistent offsets in space and in time, which often defy traditional mechanistic explanations. All three extremes occur primarily in large-scale, multiday, spatially connected episodes with scales of >1,000 km and clearly coincide with large-scale meteorological features. The largest, longest-lived episodes have the highest incidence of co-occurrence and contain extreme values well above their local 95th percentile threshold, by +7 ppb for O3, +6 µg m−3 for PM2.5, and +1.7 °C for TX. Our results demonstrate the need to evaluate these extremes as synergistic costressors to accurately quantify their impacts on human health.' Author: 'Schnell, Jordan L.; Prather, Michael J.' DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614453114 Date: 'March 14, 2017' Issue: 11 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pages: 2854-2859 Title: 'Co-occurrence of extremes in surface ozone, particulate matter, and temperature over eastern North America' Volume: 114 Year: 2017 _record_number: 24241 _uuid: dd3e0e92-583c-44d5-9bb8-03e1057e605f reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1614453114 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/dd3e0e92-583c-44d5-9bb8-03e1057e605f.yaml identifier: dd3e0e92-583c-44d5-9bb8-03e1057e605f uri: /reference/dd3e0e92-583c-44d5-9bb8-03e1057e605f - attrs: DOI: 10.7289/V5/TM-SEFSC-699 Editor: 'Lovett, Heidi B.; Sunny B. Snider ; Karla K. Gore; Roldan C. Muñoz ' Pages: 40 Place Published: 'Miami, FL' Series Volume: NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-699 Title: Gulf of Mexico regional action plan to implement the NOAA Fisheries climate science strategy Year: 2016 _record_number: 24411 _uuid: ddf445e2-14f6-4d4f-834e-c9cd8b9ff688 reftype: Edited Report child_publication: /report/gulf-mexico-regional-action-plan-implement-noaa-fisheries-climate-science-strategy href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ddf445e2-14f6-4d4f-834e-c9cd8b9ff688.yaml identifier: ddf445e2-14f6-4d4f-834e-c9cd8b9ff688 uri: /reference/ddf445e2-14f6-4d4f-834e-c9cd8b9ff688 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'Increased forest fire activity across the western continental United States (US) in recent decades has likely been enabled by a number of factors, including the legacy of fire suppression and human settlement, natural climate variability, and human-caused climate change. We use modeled climate projections to estimate the contribution of anthropogenic climate change to observed increases in eight fuel aridity metrics and forest fire area across the western United States. Anthropogenic increases in temperature and vapor pressure deficit significantly enhanced fuel aridity across western US forests over the past several decades and, during 2000–2015, contributed to 75% more forested area experiencing high (>1 σ) fire-season fuel aridity and an average of nine additional days per year of high fire potential. Anthropogenic climate change accounted for ∼55% of observed increases in fuel aridity from 1979 to 2015 across western US forests, highlighting both anthropogenic climate change and natural climate variability as important contributors to increased wildfire potential in recent decades. We estimate that human-caused climate change contributed to an additional 4.2 million ha of forest fire area during 1984–2015, nearly doubling the forest fire area expected in its absence. Natural climate variability will continue to alternate between modulating and compounding anthropogenic increases in fuel aridity, but anthropogenic climate change has emerged as a driver of increased forest fire activity and should continue to do so while fuels are not limiting.' Author: 'Abatzoglou, John T.; Williams, A. Park' DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1607171113 Date: 'October 18, 2016' Issue: 42 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pages: 11770-11775 Title: Impact of anthropogenic climate change on wildfire across western US forests Volume: 113 Year: 2016 _record_number: 20416 _uuid: de4a77df-03ba-4319-a13f-7fdefbb353a5 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1607171113 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/de4a77df-03ba-4319-a13f-7fdefbb353a5.yaml identifier: de4a77df-03ba-4319-a13f-7fdefbb353a5 uri: /reference/de4a77df-03ba-4319-a13f-7fdefbb353a5 - attrs: .reference_type: 9 Editor: 'Stein, Bruce A.; Lynn S. Kutner; Jonathan S. Adams' ISBN: 9780195125191 Number of Pages: 432 Place Published: Oxford; New York Publisher: Oxford University Press Title: 'Precious Heritage: The Status of Biodiversity in the United States' Year: 2000 _record_number: 24379 _uuid: de5524c1-8076-4ae6-9558-ec6c96b475b5 reftype: Edited Book child_publication: /book/precious-heritage-status-biodiversity-united-states href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/de5524c1-8076-4ae6-9558-ec6c96b475b5.yaml identifier: de5524c1-8076-4ae6-9558-ec6c96b475b5 uri: /reference/de5524c1-8076-4ae6-9558-ec6c96b475b5 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Spanger-Siegfried, Erika; Melanie Fitzpatrick; Kristina Dahl' Institution: Union of Concerned Scientists Pages: 64 Place Published: 'Cambridge, MA' Title: 'Encroaching Tides: How Sea Level Rise and Tidal Flooding Threaten U.S. East and Gulf Coast Communities over the Next 30 Years' URL: http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/impacts/effects-of-tidal-flooding-and-sea-level-rise-east-coast-gulf-of-mexico Year: 2014 _record_number: 23183 _uuid: df029572-7e7a-4f65-91c2-da86756620c4 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/encroaching-tides-how-sea-level-rise-tidal-flooding-threaten-us-east-gulf-coast-communities-over-next-30-year href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/df029572-7e7a-4f65-91c2-da86756620c4.yaml identifier: df029572-7e7a-4f65-91c2-da86756620c4 uri: /reference/df029572-7e7a-4f65-91c2-da86756620c4 - attrs: .reference_type: 63 Author: 'Acadiana Planning Commission,' Date: February 20 Place Published: 'Lafayette, LA' Title: APC Board allocates $25 million in HMGP funding to regional flood mitigation projects URL: http://planacadiana.org/uncategorized/apc-board-allocates-25-million-in-hmgp-funding-to-regional-flood-mitigation-projects/ Year: 2018 _record_number: 26329 _uuid: e0d6a200-c830-403f-b892-af8c052bf37b reftype: Press Release child_publication: /generic/e943098c-bf7f-468e-85cc-df56ce88963b href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e0d6a200-c830-403f-b892-af8c052bf37b.yaml identifier: e0d6a200-c830-403f-b892-af8c052bf37b uri: /reference/e0d6a200-c830-403f-b892-af8c052bf37b - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Emrich, Christopher T.; Daniel P. Morath; Gregg C. Bowser; Rachel Reeves' Institution: Florida Department of Health Pages: various Place Published: 'Tallahassee, FL' Title: 'Climate-sensitive hazards in Florida: Identifying and prioritizing threats to build resilience against climate effects' URL: http://www.floridahealth.gov/environmental-health/climate-and-health/_documents/climate-sensitive-hazards-in-florida-final-report.pdf Year: 2014 _record_number: 24427 _uuid: e1f4f1b2-6b77-465a-bddb-ed992079deea reftype: Report child_publication: /report/climate-sensitive-hazards-florida-identifying-prioritizing-threats-build-resilience-against-climate-effects href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e1f4f1b2-6b77-465a-bddb-ed992079deea.yaml identifier: e1f4f1b2-6b77-465a-bddb-ed992079deea uri: /reference/e1f4f1b2-6b77-465a-bddb-ed992079deea - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'FHWA,' Institution: 'Federal Highway Administration’s (FHWA), Climate Resilience Pilot Program' Pages: 4 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Series Volume: FHWA-HEP-16-076 Title: 'FHWA Climate Resilience Pilot Program: Tennessee Department of Transportation' URL: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sustainability/resilience/pilots/2013-2015_pilots/tennessee/index.cfm Year: 2017 _record_number: 24422 _uuid: e231be91-fafb-44c7-a1b0-3d3a6cc0aa60 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/fhwa-climate-resilience-pilot-program-tennessee-department-transportation href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e231be91-fafb-44c7-a1b0-3d3a6cc0aa60.yaml identifier: e231be91-fafb-44c7-a1b0-3d3a6cc0aa60 uri: /reference/e231be91-fafb-44c7-a1b0-3d3a6cc0aa60 - attrs: Author: 'Cavanaugh, Kyle C.; Parker, John D.; Cook-Patton, Susan C.; Feller, Ilka C.; Williams, A. Park; Kellner, James R.' DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12843 ISSN: 1365-2486 Issue: 5 Journal: Global Change Biology Keywords: Avicennia germinans; climate change; ecological thresholds; freeze tolerance; Laguncularia racemosa; range expansion; Rhizophora mangle; species distribution modeling Pages: 1928-1938 Title: Integrating physiological threshold experiments with climate modeling to project mangrove species’ range expansion Volume: 21 Year: 2015 _record_number: 24300 _uuid: e3f0f82a-4c3d-4c01-924e-5b396ab55f7d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1111/gcb.12843 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e3f0f82a-4c3d-4c01-924e-5b396ab55f7d.yaml identifier: e3f0f82a-4c3d-4c01-924e-5b396ab55f7d uri: /reference/e3f0f82a-4c3d-4c01-924e-5b396ab55f7d - attrs: Abstract: 'Climate-driven changes in biotic interactions can profoundly alter ecological communities, particularly when they impact foundation species. In marine systems, changes in herbivory and the consequent loss of dominant habitat forming species can result in dramatic community phase shifts, such as from coral to macroalgal dominance when tropical fish herbivory decreases, and from algal forests to ‘barrens’ when temperate urchin grazing increases. Here, we propose a novel phase-shift away from macroalgal dominance caused by tropical herbivores extending their range into temperate regions. We argue that this phase shift is facilitated by poleward-flowing boundary currents that are creating ocean warming hotspots around the globe, enabling the range expansion of tropical species and increasing their grazing rates in temperate areas. Overgrazing of temperate macroalgae by tropical herbivorous fishes has already occurred in Japan and the Mediterranean. Emerging evidence suggests similar phenomena are occurring in other temperate regions, with increasing occurrence of tropical fishes on temperate reefs.' Author: 'Vergés, Adriana; Steinberg, Peter D.; Hay, Mark E.; Poore, Alistair G. B.; Campbell, Alexandra H.; Ballesteros, Enric; Heck, Kenneth L.; Booth, David J.; Coleman, Melinda A.; Feary, David A.; Figueira, Will; Langlois, Tim; Marzinelli, Ezequiel M.; Mizerek, Toni; Mumby, Peter J.; Nakamura, Yohei; Roughan, Moninya; van Sebille, Erik; Gupta, Alex Sen; Smale, Dan A.; Tomas, Fiona; Wernberg, Thomas; Wilson, Shaun K.' DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0846 Issue: 1789 Journal: 'Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences' Title: 'The tropicalization of temperate marine ecosystems: Climate-mediated changes in herbivory and community phase shifts' Volume: 281 Year: 2014 _record_number: 24389 _uuid: e4313895-fb80-4d31-906c-2fadb9da71de reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1098/rspb.2014.0846 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e4313895-fb80-4d31-906c-2fadb9da71de.yaml identifier: e4313895-fb80-4d31-906c-2fadb9da71de uri: /reference/e4313895-fb80-4d31-906c-2fadb9da71de - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Evans, Jason M.; Jill Gambill; Robin J. McDowell; P. Warwick Prichard; Charles S. Hopkinson' DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.3825.9604/1 Institution: 'NOAA, Georgia Sea Grant' Pages: 82 Place Published: 'Athens, GA' Title: 'Tybee Island: Sea level rise adaptation plan' Year: 2016 _record_number: 24423 _uuid: e45eceee-7d09-4dbf-abd7-f200683378a6 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/tybee-island-sea-level-rise-adaptation-plan href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e45eceee-7d09-4dbf-abd7-f200683378a6.yaml identifier: e45eceee-7d09-4dbf-abd7-f200683378a6 uri: /reference/e45eceee-7d09-4dbf-abd7-f200683378a6 - attrs: Abstract: 'Mosquito-borne diseases are an increasingly important health concern, which pose great challenges for safe and sustainable control and eradication. This reality calls for management approaches that consider multiple aspects of the transmission cycle from a landscape and vector ecology perspective, to socio-economic elements that may increase exposure. This study seeks to better understand these pathways using dengue fever in the San Juan Bay Estuary (SJBE), Puerto Rico. Dengue is transmitted by Aedes aegypti, a species that thrives in cities. Here we ask which elements within the urban landscape could be managed to help prevent dengue outbreaks. We studied the potential of coastal wetlands in the SJBE to buffer vector proliferation, hypothesizing that wetland ecosystem services lead to lower dengue occurrence. We test this hypothesis using census-block level dengue data from 2010-13, including the largest epidemic in Puerto Rican history. Our analytical model includes socio-economic factors and environmental controls that may also affect dengue dynamics. Results from beta-binomial regressions and model averaging indicated that dengue occurrence was lower in neighborhoods with higher wetland cover even after controlling for population density and other socio-economic aspects. Our models suggest that heat hazard mitigation is partly responsible for the association between wetlands and dengue.' Author: 'De Jesús Crespo, Rebeca; Méndez Lázaro, Pablo; Yee, Susan H.' DOI: 10.1007/s13157-017-0990-5 Date: January 23 ISSN: 1943-6246 Journal: Wetlands Title: 'Linking wetland ecosystem services to vector-borne disease: Dengue fever in the San Juan Bay Estuary, Puerto Rico' Type of Article: journal article Year: 2018 _record_number: 26346 _uuid: e4747552-23aa-45d2-9601-3b4b9b7b9994 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s13157-017-0990-5 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e4747552-23aa-45d2-9601-3b4b9b7b9994.yaml identifier: e4747552-23aa-45d2-9601-3b4b9b7b9994 uri: /reference/e4747552-23aa-45d2-9601-3b4b9b7b9994 - attrs: Author: 'Jackson, Stephen T.; Overpeck, Jonathan T.' DOI: '10.1666/0094-8373(2000)26[194:ROPPAC]2.0.CO;2' Date: 2000/12/01 ISSN: 0094-8373 Issue: sp4 Journal: Paleobiology Pages: 194-220 Publisher: The Paleontological Society Title: Responses of plant populations and communities to environmental changes of the late Quaternary Volume: 26 Year: 2000 _record_number: 24327 _uuid: e5b81899-7df2-418f-b34b-9a8e6944efb2 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1666/0094-8373(2000)26%5B194:ROPPAC%5D2.0.CO;2 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e5b81899-7df2-418f-b34b-9a8e6944efb2.yaml identifier: e5b81899-7df2-418f-b34b-9a8e6944efb2 uri: /reference/e5b81899-7df2-418f-b34b-9a8e6944efb2 - attrs: Author: 'Anthony, Kenneth R. N.; Maynard, Jeffrey A.; Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo; Mumby, Peter J.; Marshall, Paul A.; Cao, Long; Hoegh-Guldberg, O. V. E.' DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02364.x ISSN: 1365-2486 Issue: 5 Journal: Global Change Biology Keywords: climate change; coral reefs; herbivory; ocean acidification; resilience Pages: 1798-1808 Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd Title: Ocean acidification and warming will lower coral reef resilience Volume: 17 Year: 2011 _record_number: 24289 _uuid: e684169c-60a2-4c78-a724-36fb93fb385a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02364.x href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e684169c-60a2-4c78-a724-36fb93fb385a.yaml identifier: e684169c-60a2-4c78-a724-36fb93fb385a uri: /reference/e684169c-60a2-4c78-a724-36fb93fb385a - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: 'Easterling, D.R.; J.R. Arnold; T. Knutson; K.E. Kunkel; A.N. LeGrande; L.R. Leung; R.S. Vose; D.E. Waliser; M.F. Wehner' Book Title: 'Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I' Chapter: 7 DOI: 10.7930/J0H993CC Editor: 'Wuebbles, D.J.; D.W. Fahey; K.A. Hibbard; D.J. Dokken; B.C. Stewart; T.K. Maycock' Pages: 207-230 Place Published: 'Washington, DC, USA' Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program Title: Precipitation Change in the United States Year: 2017 _record_number: 21565 _uuid: e8089a19-413e-4bc5-8c4a-7610399e268c reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/precipitation-change href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e8089a19-413e-4bc5-8c4a-7610399e268c.yaml identifier: e8089a19-413e-4bc5-8c4a-7610399e268c uri: /reference/e8089a19-413e-4bc5-8c4a-7610399e268c - attrs: Abstract: 'The economic and ecological costs of wildfire in the United States have risen substantially in recent decades. Although climate change has likely enabled a portion of the increase in wildfire activity, the direct role of people in increasing wildfire activity has been largely overlooked. We evaluate over 1.5 million government records of wildfires that had to be extinguished or managed by state or federal agencies from 1992 to 2012, and examined geographic and seasonal extents of human-ignited wildfires relative to lightning-ignited wildfires. Humans have vastly expanded the spatial and seasonal “fire niche” in the coterminous United States, accounting for 84% of all wildfires and 44% of total area burned. During the 21-y time period, the human-caused fire season was three times longer than the lightning-caused fire season and added an average of 40,000 wildfires per year across the United States. Human-started wildfires disproportionally occurred where fuel moisture was higher than lightning-started fires, thereby helping expand the geographic and seasonal niche of wildfire. Human-started wildfires were dominant (>80% of ignitions) in over 5.1 million km2, the vast majority of the United States, whereas lightning-started fires were dominant in only 0.7 million km2, primarily in sparsely populated areas of the mountainous western United States. Ignitions caused by human activities are a substantial driver of overall fire risk to ecosystems and economies. Actions to raise awareness and increase management in regions prone to human-started wildfires should be a focus of United States policy to reduce fire risk and associated hazards.' Author: 'Balch, Jennifer K.; Bradley, Bethany A.; Abatzoglou, John T.; Nagy, R. Chelsea; Fusco, Emily J.; Mahood, Adam L.' DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617394114 Date: 'March 14, 2017' Issue: 11 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pages: 2946-2951 Title: Human-started wildfires expand the fire niche across the United States Volume: 114 Year: 2017 _record_number: 22012 _uuid: ea8d831c-6b6b-4f8c-9b60-f17bab43660e reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1617394114 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ea8d831c-6b6b-4f8c-9b60-f17bab43660e.yaml identifier: ea8d831c-6b6b-4f8c-9b60-f17bab43660e uri: /reference/ea8d831c-6b6b-4f8c-9b60-f17bab43660e - attrs: .reference_type: 9 Author: 'Millennium Ecosystem Assessment,' ISBN: 1-59726-040-1 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: Island Press Series Editor: 'José Sarukhán; Anne Whyte; MA Board of Review Editors,' Title: 'Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Synthesis' URL: https://www.millenniumassessment.org/documents/document.356.aspx.pdf Year: 2005 _record_number: 24280 _uuid: eae18d2c-125c-45d5-bd2d-36b4c87f9cce reftype: Book child_publication: /book/ecosystems-human-well-being-synthesis href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/eae18d2c-125c-45d5-bd2d-36b4c87f9cce.yaml identifier: eae18d2c-125c-45d5-bd2d-36b4c87f9cce uri: /reference/eae18d2c-125c-45d5-bd2d-36b4c87f9cce - attrs: Author: 'Behr, Joshua G.; Rafael Diaz; Molly Mitchell' ISSN: 0042-0271 Issue: 1 Journal: The Virginia News Letter Pages: 1-6 Title: 'Building resiliency in response to sea level rise and recurrent flooding: Comprehensive planning in Hampton Roads' URL: https://vig.coopercenter.org/sites/vig/files/VirginiaNewsLetter_2016_V92-N1.pdf Volume: 92 Year: 2016 _record_number: 24437 _uuid: ec58e058-9bec-479d-83b8-679f27aa4361 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/building-resiliency-response-sea-level-rise-recurrent-flooding-comprehensive-planning-hampton-roads href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ec58e058-9bec-479d-83b8-679f27aa4361.yaml identifier: ec58e058-9bec-479d-83b8-679f27aa4361 uri: /reference/ec58e058-9bec-479d-83b8-679f27aa4361 - attrs: Author: 'Williams, Caroline M.; Henry, Hugh A. L.; Sinclair, Brent J.' DOI: 10.1111/brv.12105 ISSN: 1469-185X Issue: 1 Journal: Biological Reviews Keywords: snow; frost; cold; extreme events; average temperatures; freeze-thaw cycles; sub-lethal impacts; energetics; hibernation Pages: 214-235 Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd Title: 'Cold truths: How winter drives responses of terrestrial organisms to climate change' Volume: 90 Year: 2015 _record_number: 24390 _uuid: ed8b17d0-d3f4-4fc8-bd1c-3034b4ea2599 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1111/brv.12105 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ed8b17d0-d3f4-4fc8-bd1c-3034b4ea2599.yaml identifier: ed8b17d0-d3f4-4fc8-bd1c-3034b4ea2599 uri: /reference/ed8b17d0-d3f4-4fc8-bd1c-3034b4ea2599 - attrs: Author: 'Ayres, Matthew P.; Lombardero, Marı́a J.' DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00528-3 Date: 2000/11/15/ ISSN: 0048-9697 Issue: 3 Journal: Science of The Total Environment Keywords: Climate change; Herbivory; Pathogens; Forest epidemiology; Risk assessment; Disturbance Pages: 263-286 Title: Assessing the consequences of global change for forest disturbance from herbivores and pathogens Volume: 262 Year: 2000 _record_number: 24292 _uuid: ef49ecb5-1388-4e6c-bc78-ba94ea897c0c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00528-3 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ef49ecb5-1388-4e6c-bc78-ba94ea897c0c.yaml identifier: ef49ecb5-1388-4e6c-bc78-ba94ea897c0c uri: /reference/ef49ecb5-1388-4e6c-bc78-ba94ea897c0c - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: IPCC DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781107415324 Pages: 1535 Place Published: 'Cambridge, UK and New York, NY' Publisher: Cambridge University Press Secondary Author: 'Stocker, T.F.; Qin, D.; Plattner, G.-K.; Tignor, M.; Allen, S.K.; Boschung, J.; Nauels, A.; Xia, Y.; Bex, V.; Midgley, P.M.' Title: 'Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change' URL: http://www.climatechange2013.org/report/ Year: 2013 _record_number: 16456 _uuid: f03117be-ccfe-4f88-b70a-ffd4351b8190 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/ipcc-ar5-wg1 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f03117be-ccfe-4f88-b70a-ffd4351b8190.yaml identifier: f03117be-ccfe-4f88-b70a-ffd4351b8190 uri: /reference/f03117be-ccfe-4f88-b70a-ffd4351b8190 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Florida House of Representatives,' Pages: 113 Place Published: 'Tallahassee, FL' Title: Select Committee on Hurricane Response and Preparedness Final Report URL: https://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Documents/loaddoc.aspx?PublicationType=Committees&CommitteeId=2978&Session=2018&DocumentType=General%20Publications&FileName=SCHRP%20-%20Final%20Report%20online.pdf Year: 2018 _record_number: 26339 _uuid: f0694942-9271-4d3a-b82d-a18b858ef2f7 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/select-committee-on-hurricane-response-preparedness-final-report href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f0694942-9271-4d3a-b82d-a18b858ef2f7.yaml identifier: f0694942-9271-4d3a-b82d-a18b858ef2f7 uri: /reference/f0694942-9271-4d3a-b82d-a18b858ef2f7 - attrs: Author: 'Tampa Bay Water,' Last Update Date: November 4 Title of Entry: Tampa Bay Water Hosts Florida Water and Climate Alliance Workshop URL: https://www.tampabaywater.org/newsroom/agency-news/tampa-bay-water-hosts-florida-water-and-climate-alliance-workshop Year: 2014 _record_number: 24448 _uuid: f0bebb46-8652-4edb-aca2-72d1029e6762 reftype: Blog child_publication: /webpage/ec00a87d-afa5-4365-ac7a-be0348c93cce href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f0bebb46-8652-4edb-aca2-72d1029e6762.yaml identifier: f0bebb46-8652-4edb-aca2-72d1029e6762 uri: /reference/f0bebb46-8652-4edb-aca2-72d1029e6762 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'City of Atlanta,' Institution: Mayor's Office of Sustainability Pages: 48 Place Published: 'Atlanta, GA' Title: Climate Action Plan URL: http://p2catl.com/wp-content/uploads/Atlanta-Climate-Action-Plan-07-23-2015.pdf Year: 2015 _record_number: 24442 _uuid: f0c5b068-d261-42b1-86e6-a6bd770bbf83 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/climate-action-plan href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f0c5b068-d261-42b1-86e6-a6bd770bbf83.yaml identifier: f0c5b068-d261-42b1-86e6-a6bd770bbf83 uri: /reference/f0c5b068-d261-42b1-86e6-a6bd770bbf83 - attrs: .reference_type: 9 Author: USGCRP DOI: 10.7930/J0R49NQX Number of Pages: 312 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program Title: 'The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment' Year: 2016 _record_number: 19368 _uuid: f1e633d5-070a-4a7d-935b-a2281a0c9cb6 reftype: Book child_publication: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f1e633d5-070a-4a7d-935b-a2281a0c9cb6.yaml identifier: f1e633d5-070a-4a7d-935b-a2281a0c9cb6 uri: /reference/f1e633d5-070a-4a7d-935b-a2281a0c9cb6 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'CISA,' Institution: Carolinas Integrated Sciences & Assessments (CISA) Pages: 4 Place Published: 'Columbia, SC' Title: The South Carolina Floods of October 2015 URL: http://www.cisa.sc.edu/PDFs/October%202015%20Flood%20Event%204%20Pager.pdf Year: 2016 _record_number: 24439 _uuid: f22f455b-1750-4917-8e88-fc09dc5fa6fb reftype: Report child_publication: /report/south-carolina-floods-october-2015 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f22f455b-1750-4917-8e88-fc09dc5fa6fb.yaml identifier: f22f455b-1750-4917-8e88-fc09dc5fa6fb uri: /reference/f22f455b-1750-4917-8e88-fc09dc5fa6fb - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Access Date: June 4 Author: 'C3P,' Place Published: 'Columbia, SC' Publisher: Carolinas Integrated Sciences and Assessments Title: 'Carolinas Precipitation Patterns & Probabilities (C3P): An Atlas of Hydroclimate Extremes [web page]. Drought Indexes' URL: https://www.cisa.sc.edu/atlas/carolinas-drought.html Year: 2017 _record_number: 26324 _uuid: f2c76966-a6ae-4f1b-89cf-32ee1956a86a reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/498bf716-0372-45c3-b24a-75990cbedbbe href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f2c76966-a6ae-4f1b-89cf-32ee1956a86a.yaml identifier: f2c76966-a6ae-4f1b-89cf-32ee1956a86a uri: /reference/f2c76966-a6ae-4f1b-89cf-32ee1956a86a - attrs: Author: 'Masson, V.; Marchadier, C.; Adolphe, L.; Aguejdad, R.; Avner, P.; Bonhomme, M.; Bretagne, G.; Briottet, X.; Bueno, B.; de Munck, C.; Doukari, O.; Hallegatte, S.; Hidalgo, J.; Houet, T.; Le Bras, J.; Lemonsu, A.; Long, N.; Moine, M. P.; Morel, T.; Nolorgues, L.; Pigeon, G.; Salagnac, J. L.; Viguié, V.; Zibouche, K.' DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2014.03.004 Date: 2014/12/01/ ISSN: 2212-0955 Journal: Urban Climate Keywords: Systemic modelling; Urban Heat Island; Adaptation; Cities; Climate Change Pages: 407-429 Title: 'Adapting cities to climate change: A systemic modelling approach' Volume: 10 Year: 2014 _record_number: 24350 _uuid: f38b1c9b-3c1e-4408-9549-6e32437955ae reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.uclim.2014.03.004 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f38b1c9b-3c1e-4408-9549-6e32437955ae.yaml identifier: f38b1c9b-3c1e-4408-9549-6e32437955ae uri: /reference/f38b1c9b-3c1e-4408-9549-6e32437955ae - attrs: Abstract: 'Background Mangroves are a group of highly salt-tolerant woody plants. The high water use efficiency of mangroves under saline conditions suggests that regulation of water transport is a crucial component of their salinity tolerance.Scope This review focuses on the processes that contribute to the ability of mangroves to maintain water uptake and limit water loss to the soil and the atmosphere under saline conditions, from micro to macro scales. These processes include: (1) efficient filtering of the incoming water to exclude salt; (2) maintenance of internal osmotic potentials lower than that of the rhizosphere; (3) water-saving properties; and (4) efficient exploitation of less-saline water sources when these become available.Conclusions Mangroves are inherently plastic and can change their structure at the root, leaf and stand levels in response to salinity in order to exclude salt from the xylem stream, maintain leaf hydraulic conductance, avoid cavitation and regulate water loss (e.g. suberization of roots and alterations of leaf size, succulence and angle, hydraulic anatomy and biomass partitioning). However, much is still unknown about the regulation of water uptake in mangroves, such as how they sense and respond to heterogeneity in root zone salinity, the extent to which they utilize non-stomatally derived CO2 as a water-saving measure and whether they can exploit atmospheric water sources.' Author: 'Reef, Ruth; Lovelock, Catherine E.' DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu174 ISSN: 0305-7364 Issue: 3 Journal: Annals of Botany Notes: 10.1093/aob/mcu174 Pages: 385-395 Title: Regulation of water balance in mangroves Volume: 115 Year: 2015 _record_number: 24370 _uuid: f397a46b-de54-4373-9bd2-23e5550f7358 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1093/aob/mcu174 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f397a46b-de54-4373-9bd2-23e5550f7358.yaml identifier: f397a46b-de54-4373-9bd2-23e5550f7358 uri: /reference/f397a46b-de54-4373-9bd2-23e5550f7358 - attrs: .reference_type: 9 Author: 'Mitsch, William J.; James G. Gosselink' Edition: 4th ISBN: "0471699675\r978-0471699675" Place Published: New York Publisher: Wiley Title: Wetlands Year: 2007 _record_number: 26338 _uuid: f3efb037-04cf-442a-8d41-812d21f7a6c8 reftype: Book child_publication: /book/3569d7ad-da4f-40c9-a13b-456b277e8e73 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f3efb037-04cf-442a-8d41-812d21f7a6c8.yaml identifier: f3efb037-04cf-442a-8d41-812d21f7a6c8 uri: /reference/f3efb037-04cf-442a-8d41-812d21f7a6c8 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Access Date: April 25 Author: 'ERS,' Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: 'USDA, Economic Research Service (ERS)' Title: 'Atlas of Rural and Small-Town America [web tool]' URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/atlas-of-rural-and-small-town-america/ Year: 2017 _record_number: 26341 _uuid: f4f8dff1-bf58-4d82-93ff-5ffabfa1231d reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/514851df-05ff-4be8-9a97-d745bb2dcc94 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f4f8dff1-bf58-4d82-93ff-5ffabfa1231d.yaml identifier: f4f8dff1-bf58-4d82-93ff-5ffabfa1231d uri: /reference/f4f8dff1-bf58-4d82-93ff-5ffabfa1231d - attrs: Abstract: 'Recent evidence indicates that climate change and intensification of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has increased variation in sea level. Although widespread impacts on intertidal ecosystems are anticipated to arise from the sea level seesaw associated with climate change, none have yet been demonstrated. Intertidal ecosystems, including mangrove forests are among those ecosystems that are highly vulnerable to sea level rise, but they may also be vulnerable to sea level variability and extreme low sea level events. During 16 years of monitoring of a mangrove forest in Mangrove Bay in north Western Australia, we documented two forest dieback events, the most recent one being coincident with the large-scale dieback of mangroves in the Gulf of Carpentaria in northern Australia. Diebacks in Mangrove Bay were coincident with periods of very low sea level, which were associated with increased soil salinization of 20–30% above pre-event levels, leading to canopy loss, reduced Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and reduced recruitment. Our study indicates that an intensification of ENSO will have negative effects on some mangrove forests in parts of the Indo-Pacific that will exacerbate other pressures.' Author: 'Lovelock, Catherine E.; Feller, Ilka C.; Reef, Ruth; Hickey, Sharyn; Ball, Marilyn C.' DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01927-6 Date: 2017/05/10 ISSN: 2045-2322 Issue: 1 Journal: Scientific Reports Pages: Article 1680 Title: Mangrove dieback during fluctuating sea levels Volume: 7 Year: 2017 _record_number: 24347 _uuid: f5a55fe1-97ad-4a32-bbdd-e75a76eb679a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/s41598-017-01927-6 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f5a55fe1-97ad-4a32-bbdd-e75a76eb679a.yaml identifier: f5a55fe1-97ad-4a32-bbdd-e75a76eb679a uri: /reference/f5a55fe1-97ad-4a32-bbdd-e75a76eb679a - attrs: Author: 'Census Bureau,' Last Update Date: March 26 Message Number: CB15-56 Publisher: U.S. Census Brueau Title: 'Press release: New Census Bureau Population Estimates Reveal Metro Areas and Counties That Propelled Growth in Florida and the Nation' Title of Entry: 'Press release: New Census Bureau Population Estimates Reveal Metro Areas and Counties That Propelled Growth in Florida and the Nation' Title of WebLog: Census Newsroom URL: https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2015/cb15-56.html Year: 2015 _record_number: 24451 _uuid: f5faf77d-e40f-4647-9042-0535a3b2511e reftype: Blog child_publication: /webpage/884cbf2c-8785-428b-9134-c32980e95519 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f5faf77d-e40f-4647-9042-0535a3b2511e.yaml identifier: f5faf77d-e40f-4647-9042-0535a3b2511e uri: /reference/f5faf77d-e40f-4647-9042-0535a3b2511e - attrs: Abstract: 'Salt marshes in the southeastern United States have recently experienced massive die-off, one of many examples of widespread degradation in marine and coastal ecosystems. Although intense drought is thought to be the primary cause of this die-off, we found snail grazing to be a major contributing factor. Survey of marsh die-off areas in three states revealed high-density fronts of snails on die-off edges at 11 of 12 sites. Exclusion experiments demonstrated that snails actively converted marshes to exposed mudflats. Salt addition and comparative field studies suggest that drought-induced stress and grazers acted synergistically and to varying degrees to cause initial plant death. After these disturbances, snail fronts formed on die-off edges and subsequently propagated through healthy marsh, leading to cascading vegetation loss. These results, combined with model analyses, reveal strong interactions between increasing climatic stress and grazer pressure, both potentially related to human environmental impacts, which amplify the likelihood and intensity of runaway collapse in these coastal systems.' Author: 'Silliman, Brian R.; van de Koppel, Johan; Bertness, Mark D.; Stanton, Lee E.; Mendelssohn, Irving A.' DOI: 10.1126/science.1118229 Issue: 5755 Journal: Science Pages: 1803-1806 Title: 'Drought, snails, and large-scale die-off of southern U.S. salt marshes' Volume: 310 Year: 2005 _record_number: 24376 _uuid: f642c166-4880-4ce0-b798-d00f4ce73486 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.1118229 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f642c166-4880-4ce0-b798-d00f4ce73486.yaml identifier: f642c166-4880-4ce0-b798-d00f4ce73486 uri: /reference/f642c166-4880-4ce0-b798-d00f4ce73486 - attrs: .reference_type: 63 Author: 'Scott, Rick' Date: September 9 Place Published: 'Tallahassee, FL' Title: Gov. Scott issues updates on Hurricane Irma preparedness URL: https://www.flgov.com/2017/09/09/gov-scott-issues-updates-on-hurricane-irma-preparedness-10/ Year: 2017 _record_number: 26312 _uuid: f76804ad-7d6a-4ea2-9d45-51e0465a4ec1 reftype: Press Release child_publication: /generic/923b4e3b-9180-4de8-936a-ab455f908ea3 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f76804ad-7d6a-4ea2-9d45-51e0465a4ec1.yaml identifier: f76804ad-7d6a-4ea2-9d45-51e0465a4ec1 uri: /reference/f76804ad-7d6a-4ea2-9d45-51e0465a4ec1 - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Abstract: 'Human‐caused climate change is predicted to affect the frequency of hazard‐linked extremes. Unusually large wildfires are a type of extreme event that is constrained by climate and can be a hazard to society but also an important ecological disturbance. This chapter focuses on changes in the frequency of extreme monthly area burned by wildfires for the end of the 21st century for a wildfire‐prone region in the southeast United States. Predicting changes in area burned is complicated by the large and varied uncertainties in how the climate will change and in the models used to predict those changes. The chapter characterizes and quantifies multiple sources of uncertainty and propagate the expanded prediction intervals of future area burned. It illustrates that while accounting for multiple sources of uncertainty in global change science problems is a difficult task, it will be necessary in order to properly assess the risk of increased exposure to these society‐relevant events.' Author: 'Terando, Adam J.; Brian Reich; Krishna Pacifici; Jennifer Costanza; Alexa McKerrow; Jaime A. Collazo ' Book Title: 'Natural Hazard Uncertainty Assessment: Modeling and Decision Support' DOI: 10.1002/9781119028116.ch16 Editor: Karin Riley; Peter Webley; Matthew Thompson ISBN: "9781119028116\r9781119027867" Pages: 245-256 Publisher: American Geophysical Union Series Volume: Geophysical Monograph Series 223 Title: 'Uncertainty quantification and propagation for projections of extremes in monthly area burned under climate change: A case study in the coastal plain of Georgia, USA' Year: 2016 _record_number: 25181 _uuid: f7c694dd-7e4f-4a29-be1b-1834614b3e14 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /book/702ab4d9-d271-4240-9b53-b0441cdc4279 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f7c694dd-7e4f-4a29-be1b-1834614b3e14.yaml identifier: f7c694dd-7e4f-4a29-be1b-1834614b3e14 uri: /reference/f7c694dd-7e4f-4a29-be1b-1834614b3e14 - attrs: Abstract: 'Episodes of severe weather in the United States, such as the present abundance of rainfall in California, are brandished as tangible evidence of the future costs of current climate trends. Hsiang et al. collected national data documenting the responses in six economic sectors to short-term weather fluctuations. These data were integrated with probabilistic distributions from a set of global climate models and used to estimate future costs during the remainder of this century across a range of scenarios (see the Perspective by Pizer). In terms of overall effects on gross domestic product, the authors predict negative impacts in the southern United States and positive impacts in some parts of the Pacific Northwest and New England.Science, this issue p. 1362; see also p. 1330Estimates of climate change damage are central to the design of climate policies. Here, we develop a flexible architecture for computing damages that integrates climate science, econometric analyses, and process models. We use this approach to construct spatially explicit, probabilistic, and empirically derived estimates of economic damage in the United States from climate change. The combined value of market and nonmarket damage across analyzed sectors—agriculture, crime, coastal storms, energy, human mortality, and labor—increases quadratically in global mean temperature, costing roughly 1.2% of gross domestic product per +1°C on average. Importantly, risk is distributed unequally across locations, generating a large transfer of value northward and westward that increases economic inequality. By the late 21st century, the poorest third of counties are projected to experience damages between 2 and 20% of county income (90% chance) under business-as-usual emissions (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5).' Author: 'Hsiang, Solomon; Kopp, Robert; Jina, Amir; Rising, James; Delgado, Michael; Mohan, Shashank; Rasmussen, D. J.; Muir-Wood, Robert; Wilson, Paul; Oppenheimer, Michael; Larsen, Kate; Houser, Trevor' DOI: 10.1126/science.aal4369 Issue: 6345 Journal: Science Pages: 1362-1369 Title: Estimating economic damage from climate change in the United States Volume: 356 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23965 _uuid: fad9e8ec-8951-4daa-9a9c-e093ef86af16 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.aal4369 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/fad9e8ec-8951-4daa-9a9c-e093ef86af16.yaml identifier: fad9e8ec-8951-4daa-9a9c-e093ef86af16 uri: /reference/fad9e8ec-8951-4daa-9a9c-e093ef86af16 - attrs: .publisher: Nature Publishing Group .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Wahl, Thomas; Jain, Shaleen; Bender, Jens; Meyers, Steven D.; Luther, Mark E.' DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2736 ISSN: 1758-678X Issue: 12 Journal: Nature Climate Change Pages: 1093-1097 Title: Increasing risk of compound flooding from storm surge and rainfall for major US cities Volume: 5 Year: 2015 _record_number: 21544 _uuid: faea1d4f-493d-4545-bea1-1703ad92ac95 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/nclimate2736 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/faea1d4f-493d-4545-bea1-1703ad92ac95.yaml identifier: faea1d4f-493d-4545-bea1-1703ad92ac95 uri: /reference/faea1d4f-493d-4545-bea1-1703ad92ac95 - attrs: .reference_type: 9 Author: 'Kozlowski, T. T.; Pallardy, S. G.' ISBN: 978-0-12-424210-4 Place Published: San Diego Publisher: Academic Press Series Editor: 'Roy, Jacques' Series Volume: Physiological Ecology Title: Growth Control in Woody Plants Year: 1997 _record_number: 24340 _uuid: fb5567e7-7296-4ea0-8749-76c74eae20d5 reftype: Book child_publication: /book/growth-control-woody-plants href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/fb5567e7-7296-4ea0-8749-76c74eae20d5.yaml identifier: fb5567e7-7296-4ea0-8749-76c74eae20d5 uri: /reference/fb5567e7-7296-4ea0-8749-76c74eae20d5