--- - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'City of Charleston,' Institution: Mayor's Office Pages: 17 Place Published: 'Charleston, SC' Title: Sea level rise strategy URL: http://www.charleston-sc.gov/DocumentCenter/View/10089 Year: 2015 _record_number: 24443 _uuid: fb8a8ec4-cc8b-4b20-8230-5bbaf2ce992f reftype: Report child_publication: /report/sea-level-rise-strategy href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/fb8a8ec4-cc8b-4b20-8230-5bbaf2ce992f.yaml identifier: fb8a8ec4-cc8b-4b20-8230-5bbaf2ce992f uri: /reference/fb8a8ec4-cc8b-4b20-8230-5bbaf2ce992f - attrs: Abstract: 'The fire-dependent longleaf pine–wiregrass (Pinus palustris Mill.–Aristida beyrichiana Trin. & Rupr.) savannas of the southeastern United States provide a unique opportunity to examine the relationship between productivity and species richness in a natural ecosystem because of the extremely high number of species and their range across a wide ecological amplitude (sandhills to edges of wetlands). We used a natural gradient to examine how plant species richness and plant community structure vary with standing crop biomass (which in this system is proportional to annual net productivity) as a function of soil moisture and nitrogen mineralization rates in a frequently burned longleaf pine–wiregrass savanna. Highest ground cover biomass and highest species richness were found at the same position along the gradient, the wet-mesic sites. Relative differences in species richness among site types were independent of scale, ranging from 0.01 m2 to 100 m2. Nitrogen availability was negatively correlated with species richness. Dominance of wiregrass (in terms of biomass) was consistent across the gradient and not correlated with species richness. Regardless of site type, the community structure of the savannas was characterized by many perennial species with infrequent occurrences, a factor in the low temporal heterogeneity (percent similarity between seasons and years) and high within-site spatial heterogeneity (percent dissimilarity of vegetation composition). The coexistence of numerous species is likely due to the high frequency of fire that removes competing hardwood vegetation and litter and to the suite of fire-adapted perennial species that, once established, are able to persist. Our results suggest that soil moisture is an important factor regulating both the number of species present and community production within the defined gradient of this study.' Author: 'Kirkman, L. Katherine; Mitchell, Robert J.; Helton, R. Carol; Drew, Mark B.' DOI: 10.2307/3558437 Issue: 11 Journal: American Journal of Botany Pages: 2119-2128 Title: Productivity and species richness across an environmental gradient in a fire-dependent ecosystem Volume: 88 Year: 2001 _record_number: 26315 _uuid: fc131998-4745-465f-8cf2-3f140e6e479c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.2307/3558437 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/fc131998-4745-465f-8cf2-3f140e6e479c.yaml identifier: fc131998-4745-465f-8cf2-3f140e6e479c uri: /reference/fc131998-4745-465f-8cf2-3f140e6e479c - attrs: Author: "Clark, James S.; Iverson, Louis; Woodall, Christopher W.; Allen, Craig D.; Bell, David M.; Bragg, Don C.; D'Amato, Anthony W.; Davis, Frank W.; Hersh, Michelle H.; Ibanez, Ines; Jackson, Stephen T.; Matthews, Stephen; Pederson, Neil; Peters, Matthew; Schwartz, Mark W.; Waring, Kristen M.; Zimmermann, Niklaus E." DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13160 ISSN: 1365-2486 Issue: 7 Journal: Global Change Biology Keywords: climate change; drought; forest dieback; forest management Pages: 2329-2352 Title: 'The impacts of increasing drought on forest dynamics, structure, and biodiversity in the United States' Volume: 22 Year: 2016 _record_number: 21186 _uuid: fc6e40e3-32d7-4d49-82c5-8fe3d9845886 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1111/gcb.13160 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/fc6e40e3-32d7-4d49-82c5-8fe3d9845886.yaml identifier: fc6e40e3-32d7-4d49-82c5-8fe3d9845886 uri: /reference/fc6e40e3-32d7-4d49-82c5-8fe3d9845886 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Ross Strategic,' Institution: Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies Pages: 19 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Title: 'International Water and Climate Forum, 2015. Synthesis Report' URL: http://www.waterclimateforum.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/WaterClimateForumSynthesisReport_04Mar2016.pdf Year: 2016 _record_number: 24414 _uuid: fe86238e-eab4-4c02-a7dd-19bcd96a2613 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/international-water-climate-forum-2015-synthesis-report href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/fe86238e-eab4-4c02-a7dd-19bcd96a2613.yaml identifier: fe86238e-eab4-4c02-a7dd-19bcd96a2613 uri: /reference/fe86238e-eab4-4c02-a7dd-19bcd96a2613 - attrs: Abstract: 'We present a novel approach to characterize the spatiotemporal evolution of regional cooling across the eastern United States (commonly called the U.S. warming hole), by defining a spatially explicit boundary around the region of most persistent cooling. The warming hole emerges after a regime shift in 1958 where annual maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) temperatures decreased by 0.83°C and 0.46°C, respectively. The annual warming hole consists of two distinct seasonal modes, one located in the southeastern United States during winter and spring and the other in the midwestern United States during summer and autumn. A correlation analysis indicates that the seasonal modes differ in causation. Winter temperatures in the warming hole are significantly correlated with the Meridional Circulation Index, North Atlantic Oscillation, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation. However, the variability of ocean-atmosphere circulation modes is insufficient to explain the summer temperature patterns of the warming hole.' Author: 'Partridge, T. F.; Winter, J. M.; Osterberg, E. C.; Hyndman, D. W.; Kendall, A. D.; Magilligan, F. J.' DOI: 10.1002/2017GL076463 Issue: 4 Journal: Geophysical Research Letters Pages: 2055-2063 Title: Spatially distinct seasonal patterns and forcings of the U.S. warming hole Volume: 45 Year: 2018 _record_number: 26297 _uuid: ff46ee1f-ac7c-41c9-97d7-a728c02617a2 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/2017GL076463 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ff46ee1f-ac7c-41c9-97d7-a728c02617a2.yaml identifier: ff46ee1f-ac7c-41c9-97d7-a728c02617a2 uri: /reference/ff46ee1f-ac7c-41c9-97d7-a728c02617a2