--- - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: 'Easterling, D.R.; J.R. Arnold; T. Knutson; K.E. Kunkel; A.N. LeGrande; L.R. Leung; R.S. Vose; D.E. Waliser; M.F. Wehner' Book Title: 'Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I' Chapter: 7 DOI: 10.7930/J0H993CC Editor: 'Wuebbles, D.J.; D.W. Fahey; K.A. Hibbard; D.J. Dokken; B.C. Stewart; T.K. Maycock' Pages: 207-230 Place Published: 'Washington, DC, USA' Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program Title: Precipitation Change in the United States Year: 2017 _record_number: 21565 _uuid: e8089a19-413e-4bc5-8c4a-7610399e268c reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/precipitation-change href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/e8089a19-413e-4bc5-8c4a-7610399e268c.yaml identifier: e8089a19-413e-4bc5-8c4a-7610399e268c uri: /reference/e8089a19-413e-4bc5-8c4a-7610399e268c - attrs: Abstract: 'The economic and ecological costs of wildfire in the United States have risen substantially in recent decades. Although climate change has likely enabled a portion of the increase in wildfire activity, the direct role of people in increasing wildfire activity has been largely overlooked. We evaluate over 1.5 million government records of wildfires that had to be extinguished or managed by state or federal agencies from 1992 to 2012, and examined geographic and seasonal extents of human-ignited wildfires relative to lightning-ignited wildfires. Humans have vastly expanded the spatial and seasonal “fire niche” in the coterminous United States, accounting for 84% of all wildfires and 44% of total area burned. During the 21-y time period, the human-caused fire season was three times longer than the lightning-caused fire season and added an average of 40,000 wildfires per year across the United States. Human-started wildfires disproportionally occurred where fuel moisture was higher than lightning-started fires, thereby helping expand the geographic and seasonal niche of wildfire. Human-started wildfires were dominant (>80% of ignitions) in over 5.1 million km2, the vast majority of the United States, whereas lightning-started fires were dominant in only 0.7 million km2, primarily in sparsely populated areas of the mountainous western United States. Ignitions caused by human activities are a substantial driver of overall fire risk to ecosystems and economies. Actions to raise awareness and increase management in regions prone to human-started wildfires should be a focus of United States policy to reduce fire risk and associated hazards.' Author: 'Balch, Jennifer K.; Bradley, Bethany A.; Abatzoglou, John T.; Nagy, R. Chelsea; Fusco, Emily J.; Mahood, Adam L.' DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617394114 Date: 'March 14, 2017' Issue: 11 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Pages: 2946-2951 Title: Human-started wildfires expand the fire niche across the United States Volume: 114 Year: 2017 _record_number: 22012 _uuid: ea8d831c-6b6b-4f8c-9b60-f17bab43660e reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1617394114 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ea8d831c-6b6b-4f8c-9b60-f17bab43660e.yaml identifier: ea8d831c-6b6b-4f8c-9b60-f17bab43660e uri: /reference/ea8d831c-6b6b-4f8c-9b60-f17bab43660e - attrs: .reference_type: 9 Author: 'Millennium Ecosystem Assessment,' ISBN: 1-59726-040-1 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: Island Press Series Editor: 'José Sarukhán; Anne Whyte; MA Board of Review Editors,' Title: 'Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Synthesis' URL: https://www.millenniumassessment.org/documents/document.356.aspx.pdf Year: 2005 _record_number: 24280 _uuid: eae18d2c-125c-45d5-bd2d-36b4c87f9cce reftype: Book child_publication: /book/ecosystems-human-well-being-synthesis href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/eae18d2c-125c-45d5-bd2d-36b4c87f9cce.yaml identifier: eae18d2c-125c-45d5-bd2d-36b4c87f9cce uri: /reference/eae18d2c-125c-45d5-bd2d-36b4c87f9cce - attrs: Author: 'Behr, Joshua G.; Rafael Diaz; Molly Mitchell' ISSN: 0042-0271 Issue: 1 Journal: The Virginia News Letter Pages: 1-6 Title: 'Building resiliency in response to sea level rise and recurrent flooding: Comprehensive planning in Hampton Roads' URL: https://vig.coopercenter.org/sites/vig/files/VirginiaNewsLetter_2016_V92-N1.pdf Volume: 92 Year: 2016 _record_number: 24437 _uuid: ec58e058-9bec-479d-83b8-679f27aa4361 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/building-resiliency-response-sea-level-rise-recurrent-flooding-comprehensive-planning-hampton-roads href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ec58e058-9bec-479d-83b8-679f27aa4361.yaml identifier: ec58e058-9bec-479d-83b8-679f27aa4361 uri: /reference/ec58e058-9bec-479d-83b8-679f27aa4361 - attrs: Author: 'Williams, Caroline M.; Henry, Hugh A. L.; Sinclair, Brent J.' DOI: 10.1111/brv.12105 ISSN: 1469-185X Issue: 1 Journal: Biological Reviews Keywords: snow; frost; cold; extreme events; average temperatures; freeze-thaw cycles; sub-lethal impacts; energetics; hibernation Pages: 214-235 Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd Title: 'Cold truths: How winter drives responses of terrestrial organisms to climate change' Volume: 90 Year: 2015 _record_number: 24390 _uuid: ed8b17d0-d3f4-4fc8-bd1c-3034b4ea2599 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1111/brv.12105 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ed8b17d0-d3f4-4fc8-bd1c-3034b4ea2599.yaml identifier: ed8b17d0-d3f4-4fc8-bd1c-3034b4ea2599 uri: /reference/ed8b17d0-d3f4-4fc8-bd1c-3034b4ea2599 - attrs: Author: 'Ayres, Matthew P.; Lombardero, Marı́a J.' DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00528-3 Date: 2000/11/15/ ISSN: 0048-9697 Issue: 3 Journal: Science of The Total Environment Keywords: Climate change; Herbivory; Pathogens; Forest epidemiology; Risk assessment; Disturbance Pages: 263-286 Title: Assessing the consequences of global change for forest disturbance from herbivores and pathogens Volume: 262 Year: 2000 _record_number: 24292 _uuid: ef49ecb5-1388-4e6c-bc78-ba94ea897c0c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00528-3 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ef49ecb5-1388-4e6c-bc78-ba94ea897c0c.yaml identifier: ef49ecb5-1388-4e6c-bc78-ba94ea897c0c uri: /reference/ef49ecb5-1388-4e6c-bc78-ba94ea897c0c - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: IPCC DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781107415324 Pages: 1535 Place Published: 'Cambridge, UK and New York, NY' Publisher: Cambridge University Press Secondary Author: 'Stocker, T.F.; Qin, D.; Plattner, G.-K.; Tignor, M.; Allen, S.K.; Boschung, J.; Nauels, A.; Xia, Y.; Bex, V.; Midgley, P.M.' Title: 'Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change' URL: http://www.climatechange2013.org/report/ Year: 2013 _record_number: 16456 _uuid: f03117be-ccfe-4f88-b70a-ffd4351b8190 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/ipcc-ar5-wg1 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f03117be-ccfe-4f88-b70a-ffd4351b8190.yaml identifier: f03117be-ccfe-4f88-b70a-ffd4351b8190 uri: /reference/f03117be-ccfe-4f88-b70a-ffd4351b8190 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Florida House of Representatives,' Pages: 113 Place Published: 'Tallahassee, FL' Title: Select Committee on Hurricane Response and Preparedness Final Report URL: https://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Documents/loaddoc.aspx?PublicationType=Committees&CommitteeId=2978&Session=2018&DocumentType=General%20Publications&FileName=SCHRP%20-%20Final%20Report%20online.pdf Year: 2018 _record_number: 26339 _uuid: f0694942-9271-4d3a-b82d-a18b858ef2f7 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/select-committee-on-hurricane-response-preparedness-final-report href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f0694942-9271-4d3a-b82d-a18b858ef2f7.yaml identifier: f0694942-9271-4d3a-b82d-a18b858ef2f7 uri: /reference/f0694942-9271-4d3a-b82d-a18b858ef2f7 - attrs: Author: 'Tampa Bay Water,' Last Update Date: November 4 Title of Entry: Tampa Bay Water Hosts Florida Water and Climate Alliance Workshop URL: https://www.tampabaywater.org/newsroom/agency-news/tampa-bay-water-hosts-florida-water-and-climate-alliance-workshop Year: 2014 _record_number: 24448 _uuid: f0bebb46-8652-4edb-aca2-72d1029e6762 reftype: Blog child_publication: /webpage/ec00a87d-afa5-4365-ac7a-be0348c93cce href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f0bebb46-8652-4edb-aca2-72d1029e6762.yaml identifier: f0bebb46-8652-4edb-aca2-72d1029e6762 uri: /reference/f0bebb46-8652-4edb-aca2-72d1029e6762 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'City of Atlanta,' Institution: Mayor's Office of Sustainability Pages: 48 Place Published: 'Atlanta, GA' Title: Climate Action Plan URL: http://p2catl.com/wp-content/uploads/Atlanta-Climate-Action-Plan-07-23-2015.pdf Year: 2015 _record_number: 24442 _uuid: f0c5b068-d261-42b1-86e6-a6bd770bbf83 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/climate-action-plan href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f0c5b068-d261-42b1-86e6-a6bd770bbf83.yaml identifier: f0c5b068-d261-42b1-86e6-a6bd770bbf83 uri: /reference/f0c5b068-d261-42b1-86e6-a6bd770bbf83 - attrs: .reference_type: 9 Author: USGCRP DOI: 10.7930/J0R49NQX Number of Pages: 312 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program Title: 'The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment' Year: 2016 _record_number: 19368 _uuid: f1e633d5-070a-4a7d-935b-a2281a0c9cb6 reftype: Book child_publication: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f1e633d5-070a-4a7d-935b-a2281a0c9cb6.yaml identifier: f1e633d5-070a-4a7d-935b-a2281a0c9cb6 uri: /reference/f1e633d5-070a-4a7d-935b-a2281a0c9cb6 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'CISA,' Institution: Carolinas Integrated Sciences & Assessments (CISA) Pages: 4 Place Published: 'Columbia, SC' Title: The South Carolina Floods of October 2015 URL: http://www.cisa.sc.edu/PDFs/October%202015%20Flood%20Event%204%20Pager.pdf Year: 2016 _record_number: 24439 _uuid: f22f455b-1750-4917-8e88-fc09dc5fa6fb reftype: Report child_publication: /report/south-carolina-floods-october-2015 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f22f455b-1750-4917-8e88-fc09dc5fa6fb.yaml identifier: f22f455b-1750-4917-8e88-fc09dc5fa6fb uri: /reference/f22f455b-1750-4917-8e88-fc09dc5fa6fb - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Access Date: June 4 Author: 'C3P,' Place Published: 'Columbia, SC' Publisher: Carolinas Integrated Sciences and Assessments Title: 'Carolinas Precipitation Patterns & Probabilities (C3P): An Atlas of Hydroclimate Extremes [web page]. Drought Indexes' URL: https://www.cisa.sc.edu/atlas/carolinas-drought.html Year: 2017 _record_number: 26324 _uuid: f2c76966-a6ae-4f1b-89cf-32ee1956a86a reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/498bf716-0372-45c3-b24a-75990cbedbbe href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f2c76966-a6ae-4f1b-89cf-32ee1956a86a.yaml identifier: f2c76966-a6ae-4f1b-89cf-32ee1956a86a uri: /reference/f2c76966-a6ae-4f1b-89cf-32ee1956a86a - attrs: Author: 'Masson, V.; Marchadier, C.; Adolphe, L.; Aguejdad, R.; Avner, P.; Bonhomme, M.; Bretagne, G.; Briottet, X.; Bueno, B.; de Munck, C.; Doukari, O.; Hallegatte, S.; Hidalgo, J.; Houet, T.; Le Bras, J.; Lemonsu, A.; Long, N.; Moine, M. P.; Morel, T.; Nolorgues, L.; Pigeon, G.; Salagnac, J. L.; Viguié, V.; Zibouche, K.' DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2014.03.004 Date: 2014/12/01/ ISSN: 2212-0955 Journal: Urban Climate Keywords: Systemic modelling; Urban Heat Island; Adaptation; Cities; Climate Change Pages: 407-429 Title: 'Adapting cities to climate change: A systemic modelling approach' Volume: 10 Year: 2014 _record_number: 24350 _uuid: f38b1c9b-3c1e-4408-9549-6e32437955ae reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.uclim.2014.03.004 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f38b1c9b-3c1e-4408-9549-6e32437955ae.yaml identifier: f38b1c9b-3c1e-4408-9549-6e32437955ae uri: /reference/f38b1c9b-3c1e-4408-9549-6e32437955ae - attrs: Abstract: 'Background Mangroves are a group of highly salt-tolerant woody plants. The high water use efficiency of mangroves under saline conditions suggests that regulation of water transport is a crucial component of their salinity tolerance.Scope This review focuses on the processes that contribute to the ability of mangroves to maintain water uptake and limit water loss to the soil and the atmosphere under saline conditions, from micro to macro scales. These processes include: (1) efficient filtering of the incoming water to exclude salt; (2) maintenance of internal osmotic potentials lower than that of the rhizosphere; (3) water-saving properties; and (4) efficient exploitation of less-saline water sources when these become available.Conclusions Mangroves are inherently plastic and can change their structure at the root, leaf and stand levels in response to salinity in order to exclude salt from the xylem stream, maintain leaf hydraulic conductance, avoid cavitation and regulate water loss (e.g. suberization of roots and alterations of leaf size, succulence and angle, hydraulic anatomy and biomass partitioning). However, much is still unknown about the regulation of water uptake in mangroves, such as how they sense and respond to heterogeneity in root zone salinity, the extent to which they utilize non-stomatally derived CO2 as a water-saving measure and whether they can exploit atmospheric water sources.' Author: 'Reef, Ruth; Lovelock, Catherine E.' DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu174 ISSN: 0305-7364 Issue: 3 Journal: Annals of Botany Notes: 10.1093/aob/mcu174 Pages: 385-395 Title: Regulation of water balance in mangroves Volume: 115 Year: 2015 _record_number: 24370 _uuid: f397a46b-de54-4373-9bd2-23e5550f7358 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1093/aob/mcu174 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f397a46b-de54-4373-9bd2-23e5550f7358.yaml identifier: f397a46b-de54-4373-9bd2-23e5550f7358 uri: /reference/f397a46b-de54-4373-9bd2-23e5550f7358 - attrs: .reference_type: 9 Author: 'Mitsch, William J.; James G. Gosselink' Edition: 4th ISBN: "0471699675\r978-0471699675" Place Published: New York Publisher: Wiley Title: Wetlands Year: 2007 _record_number: 26338 _uuid: f3efb037-04cf-442a-8d41-812d21f7a6c8 reftype: Book child_publication: /book/3569d7ad-da4f-40c9-a13b-456b277e8e73 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f3efb037-04cf-442a-8d41-812d21f7a6c8.yaml identifier: f3efb037-04cf-442a-8d41-812d21f7a6c8 uri: /reference/f3efb037-04cf-442a-8d41-812d21f7a6c8 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Access Date: April 25 Author: 'ERS,' Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: 'USDA, Economic Research Service (ERS)' Title: 'Atlas of Rural and Small-Town America [web tool]' URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/atlas-of-rural-and-small-town-america/ Year: 2017 _record_number: 26341 _uuid: f4f8dff1-bf58-4d82-93ff-5ffabfa1231d reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/514851df-05ff-4be8-9a97-d745bb2dcc94 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f4f8dff1-bf58-4d82-93ff-5ffabfa1231d.yaml identifier: f4f8dff1-bf58-4d82-93ff-5ffabfa1231d uri: /reference/f4f8dff1-bf58-4d82-93ff-5ffabfa1231d - attrs: Abstract: 'Recent evidence indicates that climate change and intensification of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has increased variation in sea level. Although widespread impacts on intertidal ecosystems are anticipated to arise from the sea level seesaw associated with climate change, none have yet been demonstrated. Intertidal ecosystems, including mangrove forests are among those ecosystems that are highly vulnerable to sea level rise, but they may also be vulnerable to sea level variability and extreme low sea level events. During 16 years of monitoring of a mangrove forest in Mangrove Bay in north Western Australia, we documented two forest dieback events, the most recent one being coincident with the large-scale dieback of mangroves in the Gulf of Carpentaria in northern Australia. Diebacks in Mangrove Bay were coincident with periods of very low sea level, which were associated with increased soil salinization of 20–30% above pre-event levels, leading to canopy loss, reduced Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and reduced recruitment. Our study indicates that an intensification of ENSO will have negative effects on some mangrove forests in parts of the Indo-Pacific that will exacerbate other pressures.' Author: 'Lovelock, Catherine E.; Feller, Ilka C.; Reef, Ruth; Hickey, Sharyn; Ball, Marilyn C.' DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01927-6 Date: 2017/05/10 ISSN: 2045-2322 Issue: 1 Journal: Scientific Reports Pages: Article 1680 Title: Mangrove dieback during fluctuating sea levels Volume: 7 Year: 2017 _record_number: 24347 _uuid: f5a55fe1-97ad-4a32-bbdd-e75a76eb679a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/s41598-017-01927-6 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f5a55fe1-97ad-4a32-bbdd-e75a76eb679a.yaml identifier: f5a55fe1-97ad-4a32-bbdd-e75a76eb679a uri: /reference/f5a55fe1-97ad-4a32-bbdd-e75a76eb679a - attrs: Author: 'Census Bureau,' Last Update Date: March 26 Message Number: CB15-56 Publisher: U.S. Census Brueau Title: 'Press release: New Census Bureau Population Estimates Reveal Metro Areas and Counties That Propelled Growth in Florida and the Nation' Title of Entry: 'Press release: New Census Bureau Population Estimates Reveal Metro Areas and Counties That Propelled Growth in Florida and the Nation' Title of WebLog: Census Newsroom URL: https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2015/cb15-56.html Year: 2015 _record_number: 24451 _uuid: f5faf77d-e40f-4647-9042-0535a3b2511e reftype: Blog child_publication: /webpage/884cbf2c-8785-428b-9134-c32980e95519 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f5faf77d-e40f-4647-9042-0535a3b2511e.yaml identifier: f5faf77d-e40f-4647-9042-0535a3b2511e uri: /reference/f5faf77d-e40f-4647-9042-0535a3b2511e - attrs: Abstract: 'Salt marshes in the southeastern United States have recently experienced massive die-off, one of many examples of widespread degradation in marine and coastal ecosystems. Although intense drought is thought to be the primary cause of this die-off, we found snail grazing to be a major contributing factor. Survey of marsh die-off areas in three states revealed high-density fronts of snails on die-off edges at 11 of 12 sites. Exclusion experiments demonstrated that snails actively converted marshes to exposed mudflats. Salt addition and comparative field studies suggest that drought-induced stress and grazers acted synergistically and to varying degrees to cause initial plant death. After these disturbances, snail fronts formed on die-off edges and subsequently propagated through healthy marsh, leading to cascading vegetation loss. These results, combined with model analyses, reveal strong interactions between increasing climatic stress and grazer pressure, both potentially related to human environmental impacts, which amplify the likelihood and intensity of runaway collapse in these coastal systems.' Author: 'Silliman, Brian R.; van de Koppel, Johan; Bertness, Mark D.; Stanton, Lee E.; Mendelssohn, Irving A.' DOI: 10.1126/science.1118229 Issue: 5755 Journal: Science Pages: 1803-1806 Title: 'Drought, snails, and large-scale die-off of southern U.S. salt marshes' Volume: 310 Year: 2005 _record_number: 24376 _uuid: f642c166-4880-4ce0-b798-d00f4ce73486 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.1118229 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f642c166-4880-4ce0-b798-d00f4ce73486.yaml identifier: f642c166-4880-4ce0-b798-d00f4ce73486 uri: /reference/f642c166-4880-4ce0-b798-d00f4ce73486 - attrs: .reference_type: 63 Author: 'Scott, Rick' Date: September 9 Place Published: 'Tallahassee, FL' Title: Gov. Scott issues updates on Hurricane Irma preparedness URL: https://www.flgov.com/2017/09/09/gov-scott-issues-updates-on-hurricane-irma-preparedness-10/ Year: 2017 _record_number: 26312 _uuid: f76804ad-7d6a-4ea2-9d45-51e0465a4ec1 reftype: Press Release child_publication: /generic/923b4e3b-9180-4de8-936a-ab455f908ea3 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f76804ad-7d6a-4ea2-9d45-51e0465a4ec1.yaml identifier: f76804ad-7d6a-4ea2-9d45-51e0465a4ec1 uri: /reference/f76804ad-7d6a-4ea2-9d45-51e0465a4ec1 - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Abstract: 'Human‐caused climate change is predicted to affect the frequency of hazard‐linked extremes. Unusually large wildfires are a type of extreme event that is constrained by climate and can be a hazard to society but also an important ecological disturbance. This chapter focuses on changes in the frequency of extreme monthly area burned by wildfires for the end of the 21st century for a wildfire‐prone region in the southeast United States. Predicting changes in area burned is complicated by the large and varied uncertainties in how the climate will change and in the models used to predict those changes. The chapter characterizes and quantifies multiple sources of uncertainty and propagate the expanded prediction intervals of future area burned. It illustrates that while accounting for multiple sources of uncertainty in global change science problems is a difficult task, it will be necessary in order to properly assess the risk of increased exposure to these society‐relevant events.' Author: 'Terando, Adam J.; Brian Reich; Krishna Pacifici; Jennifer Costanza; Alexa McKerrow; Jaime A. Collazo ' Book Title: 'Natural Hazard Uncertainty Assessment: Modeling and Decision Support' DOI: 10.1002/9781119028116.ch16 Editor: Karin Riley; Peter Webley; Matthew Thompson ISBN: "9781119028116\r9781119027867" Pages: 245-256 Publisher: American Geophysical Union Series Volume: Geophysical Monograph Series 223 Title: 'Uncertainty quantification and propagation for projections of extremes in monthly area burned under climate change: A case study in the coastal plain of Georgia, USA' Year: 2016 _record_number: 25181 _uuid: f7c694dd-7e4f-4a29-be1b-1834614b3e14 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /book/702ab4d9-d271-4240-9b53-b0441cdc4279 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/f7c694dd-7e4f-4a29-be1b-1834614b3e14.yaml identifier: f7c694dd-7e4f-4a29-be1b-1834614b3e14 uri: /reference/f7c694dd-7e4f-4a29-be1b-1834614b3e14 - attrs: Abstract: 'Episodes of severe weather in the United States, such as the present abundance of rainfall in California, are brandished as tangible evidence of the future costs of current climate trends. Hsiang et al. collected national data documenting the responses in six economic sectors to short-term weather fluctuations. These data were integrated with probabilistic distributions from a set of global climate models and used to estimate future costs during the remainder of this century across a range of scenarios (see the Perspective by Pizer). In terms of overall effects on gross domestic product, the authors predict negative impacts in the southern United States and positive impacts in some parts of the Pacific Northwest and New England.Science, this issue p. 1362; see also p. 1330Estimates of climate change damage are central to the design of climate policies. Here, we develop a flexible architecture for computing damages that integrates climate science, econometric analyses, and process models. We use this approach to construct spatially explicit, probabilistic, and empirically derived estimates of economic damage in the United States from climate change. The combined value of market and nonmarket damage across analyzed sectors—agriculture, crime, coastal storms, energy, human mortality, and labor—increases quadratically in global mean temperature, costing roughly 1.2% of gross domestic product per +1°C on average. Importantly, risk is distributed unequally across locations, generating a large transfer of value northward and westward that increases economic inequality. By the late 21st century, the poorest third of counties are projected to experience damages between 2 and 20% of county income (90% chance) under business-as-usual emissions (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5).' Author: 'Hsiang, Solomon; Kopp, Robert; Jina, Amir; Rising, James; Delgado, Michael; Mohan, Shashank; Rasmussen, D. J.; Muir-Wood, Robert; Wilson, Paul; Oppenheimer, Michael; Larsen, Kate; Houser, Trevor' DOI: 10.1126/science.aal4369 Issue: 6345 Journal: Science Pages: 1362-1369 Title: Estimating economic damage from climate change in the United States Volume: 356 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23965 _uuid: fad9e8ec-8951-4daa-9a9c-e093ef86af16 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.aal4369 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/fad9e8ec-8951-4daa-9a9c-e093ef86af16.yaml identifier: fad9e8ec-8951-4daa-9a9c-e093ef86af16 uri: /reference/fad9e8ec-8951-4daa-9a9c-e093ef86af16 - attrs: .publisher: Nature Publishing Group .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Wahl, Thomas; Jain, Shaleen; Bender, Jens; Meyers, Steven D.; Luther, Mark E.' DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2736 ISSN: 1758-678X Issue: 12 Journal: Nature Climate Change Pages: 1093-1097 Title: Increasing risk of compound flooding from storm surge and rainfall for major US cities Volume: 5 Year: 2015 _record_number: 21544 _uuid: faea1d4f-493d-4545-bea1-1703ad92ac95 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/nclimate2736 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/faea1d4f-493d-4545-bea1-1703ad92ac95.yaml identifier: faea1d4f-493d-4545-bea1-1703ad92ac95 uri: /reference/faea1d4f-493d-4545-bea1-1703ad92ac95 - attrs: .reference_type: 9 Author: 'Kozlowski, T. T.; Pallardy, S. G.' ISBN: 978-0-12-424210-4 Place Published: San Diego Publisher: Academic Press Series Editor: 'Roy, Jacques' Series Volume: Physiological Ecology Title: Growth Control in Woody Plants Year: 1997 _record_number: 24340 _uuid: fb5567e7-7296-4ea0-8749-76c74eae20d5 reftype: Book child_publication: /book/growth-control-woody-plants href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/fb5567e7-7296-4ea0-8749-76c74eae20d5.yaml identifier: fb5567e7-7296-4ea0-8749-76c74eae20d5 uri: /reference/fb5567e7-7296-4ea0-8749-76c74eae20d5