--- - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Mao, Yixin; Nijssen, Bart; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.' DOI: 10.1002/2015GL063456 ISSN: 1944-8007 Issue: 8 Journal: Geophysical Research Letters Keywords: California drought; climate change; hydrologic model; 1812 Drought; 1807 Climate impacts; 1817 Extreme events; 1833 Hydroclimatology Pages: 2805-2813 Title: 'Is climate change implicated in the 2013–2014 California drought? A hydrologic perspective' Volume: 42 Year: 2015 _record_number: 19563 _uuid: 00530ebe-5a48-46de-bbd4-ace938dfd17c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/2015GL063456 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/00530ebe-5a48-46de-bbd4-ace938dfd17c.yaml identifier: 00530ebe-5a48-46de-bbd4-ace938dfd17c uri: /reference/00530ebe-5a48-46de-bbd4-ace938dfd17c - attrs: Abstract: 'The impacts of climate change on agriculture depend on local conditions and crops grown. For instance, warmer winter temperatures in a given area would reduce chill hours, potentially cutting yields for some crops but extending the growing season for others. Using a century of climate data and six decades of acreage data, we established quantitative economic relationships between the evolution of local climate and acreage of 12 important crops in Yolo County. We then used the historical trend in climate change to project future crop acreages in the county. Only marginal changes in acreage in 2050 were projected for tree and vine crops there, in part because chill hours, although lower, remained above critical values. Walnuts were the most vulnerable tree crop, and the projections indicated some cultivars might be marginal in years with particularly warm winters. Processing tomato acreage might increase, due to a longer growing season, and also alfalfa acreage, if water availability and other factors remain constant.' Author: 'Lee, Hyunok; Sumner, Daniel A.' DOI: 10.3733/ca.v070n01p9 ISSN: 0008-0845 Issue: 1 Journal: California Agriculture Pages: 9-14 Publisher: University of California Agriculture and Nature Resources Title: Modeling the effects of local climate change on crop acreage Volume: 70 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23808 _uuid: 0190c6b6-6e8c-4988-837a-b984e69b3dd9 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3733/ca.v070n01p9 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0190c6b6-6e8c-4988-837a-b984e69b3dd9.yaml identifier: 0190c6b6-6e8c-4988-837a-b984e69b3dd9 uri: /reference/0190c6b6-6e8c-4988-837a-b984e69b3dd9 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Moritz, C.\rPatton, J.L.\rConroy, C.J.\rParra, J.L.\rWhite, G.C.\rBeissinger, S.R." DOI: 10.1126/science.1163428 ISSN: 0036-8075 Issue: 5899 Journal: Science Pages: 261-264 Title: 'Impact of a century of climate change on small-mammal communities in Yosemite National Park, USA' Volume: 322 Year: 2008 _chapter: '["RF 10","Ch. 8: Ecosystems FINAL"]' _record_number: 2087 _uuid: 0327141f-d0f2-4c78-833d-61c47136242d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.1163428 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0327141f-d0f2-4c78-833d-61c47136242d.yaml identifier: 0327141f-d0f2-4c78-833d-61c47136242d uri: /reference/0327141f-d0f2-4c78-833d-61c47136242d - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Raffa, K.F.\rAukema, B.H.\rBentz, B.J.\rCarroll, A.L.\rHicke, J.A.\rTurner, M.G.\rRomme, W.H." DOI: 10.1641/b580607 ISSN: 0006-3568 Issue: 6 Journal: BioScience Pages: 501-517 Title: 'Cross-scale drivers of natural disturbances prone to anthropogenic amplification: The dynamics of bark beetle eruptions' URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/10.1641/B580607.pdf Volume: 58 Year: 2008 _chapter: '["Ch. 20: Southwest FINAL","RF 10","Ch. 8: Ecosystems FINAL","RG 5 Southwest","Ch. 7: Forests FINAL"]' _record_number: 2572 _uuid: 0346508c-1b13-4e3e-a95d-33acaac2b2c1 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1641/b580607 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0346508c-1b13-4e3e-a95d-33acaac2b2c1.yaml identifier: 0346508c-1b13-4e3e-a95d-33acaac2b2c1 uri: /reference/0346508c-1b13-4e3e-a95d-33acaac2b2c1 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'NOAA,' Institution: 'National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Coastal Management' Pages: 23 Place Published: 'Charleston, SC' Title: NOAA Report on the U.S. Ocean and Great Lakes Economy URL: https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/training/econreport.html Year: 2017 _record_number: 23932 _uuid: 0410a660-8ede-4bb2-a101-43fd6306a309 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/noaa-report-on-us-ocean-great-lakes-economy href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0410a660-8ede-4bb2-a101-43fd6306a309.yaml identifier: 0410a660-8ede-4bb2-a101-43fd6306a309 uri: /reference/0410a660-8ede-4bb2-a101-43fd6306a309 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Yurok Tribe,' Institution: Yurok Tribe Pages: 52 Place Published: '[Klamath, CA]' Title: 'Yurok Tribe Sustainable Forest Project: Climate Action Reserve (CAR) 777' URL: http://www.yuroktribe.org/departments/forestry/Documents/PDDCAR777v86-27-13.pdf Year: 2013 _record_number: 23897 _uuid: 04697d92-ed19-4fdc-95bf-4ee9f86aab8f reftype: Report child_publication: /report/yurok-tribe-sustainable-forest-project-climate-action-reserve-car-777 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/04697d92-ed19-4fdc-95bf-4ee9f86aab8f.yaml identifier: 04697d92-ed19-4fdc-95bf-4ee9f86aab8f uri: /reference/04697d92-ed19-4fdc-95bf-4ee9f86aab8f - attrs: Author: 'Calosi, Piero; Melatunan, Sedercor; Turner, Lucy M.; Artioli, Yuri; Davidson, Robert L.; Byrne, Jonathan J.; Viant, Mark R.; Widdicombe, Stephen; Rundle, Simon D.' DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13994 Date: 01/09/online Journal: Nature Communications Pages: 13994 Publisher: The Author(s) Title: Regional adaptation defines sensitivity to future ocean acidification Type of Article: Article Volume: 8 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23670 _uuid: 04a02114-e2b5-4c87-8c34-5658bc4f3c05 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/ncomms13994 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/04a02114-e2b5-4c87-8c34-5658bc4f3c05.yaml identifier: 04a02114-e2b5-4c87-8c34-5658bc4f3c05 uri: /reference/04a02114-e2b5-4c87-8c34-5658bc4f3c05 - attrs: Author: 'Ward, Frank A.; Crawford, Terry L.' DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.06.057 Date: 2016/09/01/ ISSN: 0022-1694 Journal: Journal of Hydrology Keywords: Food security; Climate; Irrigation; Institutions; Policy Pages: 757-773 Title: Economic performance of irrigation capacity development to adapt to climate in the American Southwest Volume: 540 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23881 _uuid: 050c3a3b-46fc-45cd-9632-87f781da2d2a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.06.057 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/050c3a3b-46fc-45cd-9632-87f781da2d2a.yaml identifier: 050c3a3b-46fc-45cd-9632-87f781da2d2a uri: /reference/050c3a3b-46fc-45cd-9632-87f781da2d2a - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'U.S. Geological Survey,' Place Published: 'Reston, VA' Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Title: 'Gap Analysis Program (GAP): National Land Cover, Version 2.' URL: https://gapanalysis.usgs.gov/gaplandcover/data/ Year: 2011 _record_number: 23903 _uuid: 0570224a-81d6-4b91-8cc6-c645cfb7cf96 reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/8062bb62-9b6b-408a-9cff-b09b4a5c6b67 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0570224a-81d6-4b91-8cc6-c645cfb7cf96.yaml identifier: 0570224a-81d6-4b91-8cc6-c645cfb7cf96 uri: /reference/0570224a-81d6-4b91-8cc6-c645cfb7cf96 - attrs: Abstract: 'Climate change is causing increases in temperature, changes in precipitation and extreme weather events, sea-level rise, and other environmental impacts. It is also causing or contributing to heat-related disorders, respiratory and allergic disorders, infectious diseases, malnutrition due to food insecurity, and mental health disorders. In addition, increasing evidence indicates that climate change is causally associated with collective violence, generally in combination with other causal factors. Increased temperatures and extremes of precipitation with their associated consequences, including resultant scarcity of cropland and other key environmental resources, are major pathways by which climate change leads to collective violence. Public health professionals can help prevent collective violence due to climate change (a) by supporting mitigation measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, (b) by promoting adaptation measures to address the consequences of climate change and to improve community resilience, and (c) by addressing underlying risk factors for collective violence, such as poverty and socioeconomic disparities.' Author: 'Levy, Barry S.; Victor W. Sidel; Jonathan A. Patz' DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044232 Issue: 1 Journal: Annual Review of Public Health Keywords: 'climate change,public health,collective violence,war,armed conflict' Pages: 241-257 Title: Climate change and collective violence Volume: 38 Year: 2017 _record_number: 25971 _uuid: 060faba7-2acb-4082-8ff6-5d1e1ebffbd1 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044232 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/060faba7-2acb-4082-8ff6-5d1e1ebffbd1.yaml identifier: 060faba7-2acb-4082-8ff6-5d1e1ebffbd1 uri: /reference/060faba7-2acb-4082-8ff6-5d1e1ebffbd1 - attrs: Author: 'Stephens, Scott L.; Ruth, Lawrence W.' DOI: 10.1890/04-0545 ISSN: 1939-5582 Issue: 2 Journal: Ecological Applications Keywords: fire hazard; fire suppression; forest policy; fuels management; U.S. government policy; wildfire Pages: 532-542 Publisher: Ecological Society of America Title: Federal forest-fire policy in the United States Volume: 15 Year: 2005 _record_number: 23862 _uuid: 0663f8bd-4d46-4420-9555-95b752917ba6 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1890/04-0545 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0663f8bd-4d46-4420-9555-95b752917ba6.yaml identifier: 0663f8bd-4d46-4420-9555-95b752917ba6 uri: /reference/0663f8bd-4d46-4420-9555-95b752917ba6 - attrs: Abstract: 'Environmental justice is concerned with an equitable distribution of environmental burdens. These burdens comprise immediate health hazards as well as subtle inequities, such as limited access to healthy foods.We reviewed the literature on neighborhood disparities in access to fast-food outlets and convenience stores. Low-income neighborhoods offered greater access to food sources that promote unhealthy eating. The distribution of fast-food outlets and convenience stores differed by the racial/ethnic characteristics of the neighborhood.Further research is needed to address the limitations of current studies, identify effective policy actions to achieve environmental justice, and evaluate intervention strategies to promote lifelong healthy eating habits, optimum health, and vibrant communities.' Author: 'Hilmers, Angela; David C. Hilmers; Jayna Dave' DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2012.300865 Issue: 9 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Pages: 1644-1654 Title: Neighborhood disparities in access to healthy foods and their effects on environmental justice Volume: 102 Year: 2012 _record_number: 23778 _uuid: 071375c1-b1f9-4f23-8177-7736a404b2fb reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.2105/ajph.2012.300865 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/071375c1-b1f9-4f23-8177-7736a404b2fb.yaml identifier: 071375c1-b1f9-4f23-8177-7736a404b2fb uri: /reference/071375c1-b1f9-4f23-8177-7736a404b2fb - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: 'Knutson, T.; J.P. Kossin; C. Mears; J. Perlwitz; M.F. Wehner' Book Title: 'Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I' DOI: 10.7930/J01834ND Editor: 'Wuebbles, D.J.; D.W. Fahey; K.A. Hibbard; D.J. Dokken; B.C. Stewart; T.K. Maycock' Pages: 114-132 Place Published: 'Washington, DC, USA' Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program Title: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change Year: 2017 _record_number: 21561 _uuid: 0725eae6-7458-4ec2-8f66-880d88118148 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/climate-science-special-report/chapter/detection-attribution href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0725eae6-7458-4ec2-8f66-880d88118148.yaml identifier: 0725eae6-7458-4ec2-8f66-880d88118148 uri: /reference/0725eae6-7458-4ec2-8f66-880d88118148 - attrs: Abstract: 'This study used Landsat-based detection of spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) outbreak over the years 2000–2014 across the Southern Rocky Mountain Ecoregion to examine the spatiotemporal patterns of outbreak and assess the influence of temperature, drought, forest characteristics, and previous spruce beetle activity on outbreak development. During the 1999–2013 period, time series of spruce beetle activity were highly spatially correlated (r > 0.5) at distances <5 km, but remained weakly correlated (r = 0.08) at distances >400 km. Furthermore, cluster analysis on time series of outbreak activity revealed the outbreak developed at multiple incipient locations and spread to unaffected forest, highlighting the importance of both local-scale dispersal and regional-scale drivers in synchronizing spruce beetle outbreak. Spatial overlay analysis and Random Forest modeling of outbreak development show that outbreaks initiate in areas characterized by summer, winter, and multi-year drought and that outbreak spread is strongly linked to the proximity and extent of nearby outbreak, but remains associated with drought. Notably, we find that spruce beetle outbreak is associated with low peak snow water equivalent, not just summer drought. As such, future alterations to both winter and summer precipitation regimes are likely to drive important changes in subalpine forests.' Author: 'Hart, Sarah J.; Veblen, Thomas T.; Schneider, Dominik; Molotch, Noah P.' DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1963 Issue: 10 Journal: Ecology Pages: 2698-2707 Title: Summer and winter drought drive the initiation and spread of spruce beetle outbreak Volume: 98 Year: 2017 _record_number: 25969 _uuid: 080da3ff-be19-4b7d-aa6b-e90a9ef452a5 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/ecy.1963 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/080da3ff-be19-4b7d-aa6b-e90a9ef452a5.yaml identifier: 080da3ff-be19-4b7d-aa6b-e90a9ef452a5 uri: /reference/080da3ff-be19-4b7d-aa6b-e90a9ef452a5 - attrs: Author: 'Alexander, M. A.; J. D. Scott; K. Friedland; K. E. Mills; J. A. Nye; A. J. Pershing; A. C. Thomas' DOI: 10.1525/elementa.191 Issue: 1 Journal: 'Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene' Pages: Art. 9 Title: 'Projected sea surface temperatures over the 21st century: Changes in the mean, variability and extremes for large marine ecosystem regions of Northern Oceans' Volume: 6 Year: 2018 _record_number: 21934 _uuid: 0826d3d5-2742-415f-a9de-3621c4b79442 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1525/elementa.191 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0826d3d5-2742-415f-a9de-3621c4b79442.yaml identifier: 0826d3d5-2742-415f-a9de-3621c4b79442 uri: /reference/0826d3d5-2742-415f-a9de-3621c4b79442 - attrs: Author: 'Hoover, David L.; Duniway, Michael C.; Belnap, Jayne' DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.12647 ISSN: 1365-2745 Issue: 1 Journal: Journal of Ecology Keywords: cold desert; dryland; ecophysiology; Hierarchical Response Framework; normalized difference vegetation index; photosynthesis; plant functional types; press; soil moisture dynamics Pages: 152-162 Title: Testing the apparent resistance of three dominant plants to chronic drought on the Colorado Plateau Volume: 105 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23783 _uuid: 0849170d-5e82-4d66-ab66-8a0fd28e4689 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1111/1365-2745.12647 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0849170d-5e82-4d66-ab66-8a0fd28e4689.yaml identifier: 0849170d-5e82-4d66-ab66-8a0fd28e4689 uri: /reference/0849170d-5e82-4d66-ab66-8a0fd28e4689 - attrs: Abstract: 'Rising sea levels are increasing the exposure of populations and infrastructure to coastal flooding. While earlier studies estimate magnitudes of future exposure or project rates of sea level rise, here, we estimate growth rates of exposure, likely to be a key factor in how effectively coastal communities can adapt. These rates may not correlate well with sea level rise rates due to varying patterns of topography and development. We integrate exposure assessments based on LiDAR elevation data with extreme flood event distributions and sea level rise projections to compute the expected annual exposure of population, housing, roads, and property value in 327 medium-to-large coastal municipalities circumscribing the contiguous USA, and identify those localities that could experience rapid exposure growth sometime this century. We define a rate threshold of 0.25% additive increase in expected annual exposure per year, based on its rarity of present-day exceedance. With unchecked carbon emissions under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5, the number of cities exceeding the threshold reaches 33 (18–59, 90% CI) by 2050 and 90 (22–196) by 2100, including the cities of Boston and Miami. Sharp cuts under RCP 2.6 limit the end-of-century total to 28 (12–105), versus a baseline of 7 cities in 2000. The methods and results presented here offer a new way to illustrate the consequences of different emission scenarios or mitigation efforts, and locally assess the urgency of coastal adaptation measures.' Author: 'Kulp, Scott; Strauss, Benjamin H.' DOI: 10.1007/s10584-017-1963-7 Date: June 01 ISSN: 1573-1480 Issue: 3 Journal: Climatic Change Pages: 477-489 Title: Rapid escalation of coastal flood exposure in US municipalities from sea level rise Type of Article: journal article Volume: 142 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23803 _uuid: 0970be4d-a14e-4d5f-8b4b-cdb76c5d202f reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-017-1963-7 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0970be4d-a14e-4d5f-8b4b-cdb76c5d202f.yaml identifier: 0970be4d-a14e-4d5f-8b4b-cdb76c5d202f uri: /reference/0970be4d-a14e-4d5f-8b4b-cdb76c5d202f - attrs: Author: 'Reichmuth, David S.; Lutz, Andrew E.; Manley, Dawn K.; Keller, Jay O.' DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.10.047 Date: 2013/01/24/ ISSN: 0360-3199 Issue: 2 Journal: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Keywords: Greenhouse gas emissions; Biofuels; Renewable hydrogen Pages: 1200-1208 Title: 'Comparison of the technical potential for hydrogen, battery electric, and conventional light-duty vehicles to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and petroleum consumption in the United States' Volume: 38 Year: 2013 _record_number: 26382 _uuid: 0994c5da-7592-4690-9bdb-44259208db6e reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.10.047 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0994c5da-7592-4690-9bdb-44259208db6e.yaml identifier: 0994c5da-7592-4690-9bdb-44259208db6e uri: /reference/0994c5da-7592-4690-9bdb-44259208db6e - attrs: Abstract: "BACKGROUND: The observational evidence of the impacts of climate conditions on human health is accumulating. A variety of direct, indirect, and systemically mediated health effects have been identified. Excessive daily heat exposures create direct effects, such as heat stroke (and possibly death), reduce work productivity, and interfere with daily household activities. Extreme weather events, including storms, floods, and droughts, create direct injury risks and follow-on outbreaks of infectious diseases, lack of nutrition, and mental stress. Climate change will increase these direct health effects. Indirect effects include malnutrition and under-nutrition due to failing local agriculture, spread of vector-borne diseases and other infectious diseases, and mental health and other problems caused by forced migration from affected homes and workplaces. Examples of systemically mediated impacts on population health include famine, conflicts, and the consequences of large-scale adverse economic effects due to reduced human and environmental productivity. This article highlights links between climate change and non-communicable health problems, a major concern for global health beyond 2015. DISCUSSION: Detailed regional analysis of climate conditions clearly shows increasing temperatures in many parts of the world. Climate modelling indicates that by the year 2100 the global average temperature may have increased by 34 degrees C unless fundamental reductions in current global trends for greenhouse gas emissions are achieved. Given other unforeseeable environmental, social, demographic, and geopolitical changes that may occur in a plus-4-degree world, that scenario may comprise a largely uninhabitable world for millions of people and great social and military tensions. CONCLUSION: It is imperative that we identify actions and strategies that are effective in reducing these increasingly likely threats to health and well-being. The fundamental preventive strategy is, of course, climate change mitigation by significantly reducing global greenhouse gas emissions, especially long-acting carbon dioxide (CO(2)), and by increasing the uptake of CO(2) at the earth's surface. This involves urgent shifts in energy production from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources, energy conservation in building design and urban planning, and reduced waste of energy for transport, building heating/cooling, and agriculture. It would also involve shifts in agricultural production and food systems to reduce energy and water use particularly in meat production. There is also potential for prevention via mitigation, adaptation, or resilience building actions, but for the large populations in tropical countries, mitigation of climate change is required to achieve health protection solutions that will last." Author: 'Kjellstrom, T.; McMichael, A. J.' Author Address: 'Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umea Centre for Global Health Research, Umea University, Umea, Sweden. kjellstromt@yahoo.com' DOI: 10.3402/gha.v6i0.20816 Database Provider: CCII PubMed NLM EPub Date: 2013/04/09 ISSN: "1654-9880 (Electronic)\r1654-9880 (Linking)" Journal: Global Health Action Keywords: 'Climate Change; Environment; Environmental Policy; Health Status; Humans; Models, Statistical; Socioeconomic Factors' Language: eng NIHMSID: ' NIEHS' Name of Database: ' ' Notes: "Kjellstrom, Tord\rMcMichael, Anthony J\rResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't\rSweden\rGlob Health Action. 2013 Apr 3;6:20816. doi: 10.3402/gha.v6i0.20816." PMCID: 3617647 Pages: 20816 Research Notes: 'CCII Unique - PDF retrieved ' Title: 'Climate change threats to population health and well-being: The imperative of protective solutions that will last' Volume: 6 Year: 2013 _record_number: 4663 _uuid: 0a83bef6-18cb-4d69-88b2-df4834172670 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3402/gha.v6i0.20816 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0a83bef6-18cb-4d69-88b2-df4834172670.yaml identifier: 0a83bef6-18cb-4d69-88b2-df4834172670 uri: /reference/0a83bef6-18cb-4d69-88b2-df4834172670 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'Average annual absolute minimum temperatures (TN n ) provide a means of delineating agriculturally relevant climate zones and are used to define cold hardiness zones (CHZ) by the United States Department of Agriculture. Projected changes in TN n , mean winter minimum temperatures, and CHZs over the conterminous United States (CONUS) were assessed using an ensemble of statistically downscaled daily climate model output through the mid 21st century (2041–2070). Warming of TN n is on average ∼40% greater than that of mean winter minimum temperatures across CONUS with an average climate velocity of 21.4 km decade −1 resulting in widespread shifts in CHZs. These changes enable a geographic expansion of thermally suitable areas for the cultivation of cold-intolerant perennial agriculture including almond, kiwi, and orange crops. Beyond these crops, warming of TN n has broad implications for food security and biotic interactions.' Author: Lauren E. Parker; John T. Abatzoglou DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/11/3/034001 ISSN: 1748-9326 Issue: 3 Journal: Environmental Research Letters Pages: 034001 Title: Projected changes in cold hardiness zones and suitable overwinter ranges of perennial crops over the United States Volume: 11 Year: 2016 _record_number: 19787 _uuid: 0a8508df-df59-4080-89a2-52bfeaca47e0 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1088/1748-9326/11/3/034001 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0a8508df-df59-4080-89a2-52bfeaca47e0.yaml identifier: 0a8508df-df59-4080-89a2-52bfeaca47e0 uri: /reference/0a8508df-df59-4080-89a2-52bfeaca47e0 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'EPA,' Institution: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Pages: 271 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Series Volume: EPA 430‐R‐17‐001 Title: 'Multi-model Framework for Quantitative Sectoral Impacts Analysis: A Technical Report for the Fourth National Climate Assessment' URL: https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_Report.cfm?dirEntryId=335095 Year: 2017 _record_number: 21365 _uuid: 0b30f1ab-e4c4-4837-aa8b-0e19faccdb94 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/epa-multi-model-framework-for-quantitative-sectoral-impacts-analysis-2017 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0b30f1ab-e4c4-4837-aa8b-0e19faccdb94.yaml identifier: 0b30f1ab-e4c4-4837-aa8b-0e19faccdb94 uri: /reference/0b30f1ab-e4c4-4837-aa8b-0e19faccdb94 - attrs: Author: 'Polade, Suraj D.; Pierce, David W.; Cayan, Daniel R.; Gershunov, Alexander; Dettinger, Michael D.' DOI: 10.1038/srep04364 Date: 03/13/online Journal: Scientific Reports Pages: 4364 Publisher: The Author(s) Title: The key role of dry days in changing regional climate and precipitation regimes Type of Article: Article Volume: 4 Year: 2014 _record_number: 25978 _uuid: 0bda31ee-059c-4663-9e7f-13fbba601e2c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/srep04364 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0bda31ee-059c-4663-9e7f-13fbba601e2c.yaml identifier: 0bda31ee-059c-4663-9e7f-13fbba601e2c uri: /reference/0bda31ee-059c-4663-9e7f-13fbba601e2c - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'IBWC,' Institution: 'International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC) [United States and Mexico]' Pages: 19 Place Published: 'Coronado, CA' Title: 'Minute 319: Interim International Cooperative Measures in the Colorado River Basin through 2017 and Extension of Minute 318 Cooperative Measures to Address the Continued Effects of the April 2010 Earthquake in the Mexicali Valley, Baja California ' URL: https://www.ibwc.gov/Files/Minutes/Minute_319.pdf Year: 2012 _record_number: 23943 _uuid: 0c4345a7-1b33-40d9-85af-72c574be11f7 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/minute-319-interim-international-cooperative-measures-colorado-river-basin-through-2017-extension-minute-318-cooperative-measures-address-continued-effects-april-2010-earthquake-mexicali-valley-baja-california href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0c4345a7-1b33-40d9-85af-72c574be11f7.yaml identifier: 0c4345a7-1b33-40d9-85af-72c574be11f7 uri: /reference/0c4345a7-1b33-40d9-85af-72c574be11f7 - attrs: Abstract: 'The area burned by Southern California wildfires has increased in recent decades, with implications for human health, infrastructure, and ecosystem management. Meteorology and fuel structure are universally recognized controllers of wildfire, but their relative importance, and hence the efficacy of abatement and suppression efforts, remains controversial. Southern California’s wildfires can be partitioned by meteorology: fires typically occur either during Santa Ana winds (SA fires) in October through April, or warm and dry periods in June through September (non-SA fires). Previous work has not quantitatively distinguished between these fire regimes when assessing economic impacts or climate change influence. Here we separate five decades of fire perimeters into those coinciding with and without SA winds. The two fire types contributed almost equally to burned area, yet SA fires were responsible for 80% of cumulative 1990–2009 economic losses ($3.1 Billion). The damage disparity was driven by fire characteristics: SA fires spread three times faster, occurred closer to urban areas, and burned into areas with greater housing values. Non-SA fires were comparatively more sensitive to age-dependent fuels, often occurred in higher elevation forests, lasted for extended periods, and accounted for 70% of total suppression costs. An improved distinction of fire type has implications for future projections and management. The area burned in non-SA fires is projected to increase 77% (±43%) by the mid-21st century with warmer and drier summers, and the SA area burned is projected to increase 64% (±76%), underscoring the need to evaluate the allocation and effectiveness of suppression investments.' Author: 'Jin, Yufang; Michael L. Goulden; Nicolas Faivre; Sander Veraverbeke; Fengpeng Sun; Alex Hall; Michael S. Hand; Simon Hook; James T. Randerson' DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/094005 ISSN: 1748-9326 Issue: 9 Journal: Environmental Research Letters Pages: 094005 Title: 'Identification of two distinct fire regimes in Southern California: Implications for economic impact and future change' Volume: 10 Year: 2015 _record_number: 23679 _uuid: 0ccb760a-f4e3-4c22-ba31-4f13d20b903c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/094005 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0ccb760a-f4e3-4c22-ba31-4f13d20b903c.yaml identifier: 0ccb760a-f4e3-4c22-ba31-4f13d20b903c uri: /reference/0ccb760a-f4e3-4c22-ba31-4f13d20b903c - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'Observations show snowpack has declined across much of the western United States over the period 1950–99. This reduction has important social and economic implications, as water retained in the snowpack from winter storms forms an important part of the hydrological cycle and water supply in the region. A formal model-based detection and attribution (D–A) study of these reductions is performed. The detection variable is the ratio of 1 April snow water equivalent (SWE) to water-year-to-date precipitation (P), chosen to reduce the effect of P variability on the results. Estimates of natural internal climate variability are obtained from 1600 years of two control simulations performed with fully coupled ocean–atmosphere climate models. Estimates of the SWE/P response to anthropogenic greenhouse gases, ozone, and some aerosols are taken from multiple-member ensembles of perturbation experiments run with two models. The D–A shows the observations and anthropogenically forced models have greater SWE/P reductions than can be explained by natural internal climate variability alone. Model-estimated effects of changes in solar and volcanic forcing likewise do not explain the SWE/P reductions. The mean model estimate is that about half of the SWE/P reductions observed in the west from 1950 to 1999 are the result of climate changes forced by anthropogenic greenhouse gases, ozone, and aerosols.' Author: "Pierce, D.W.\rBarnett, T.P.\rHidalgo, H.G.\rDas, T.\rBonfils, C.\rSanter, B.D.\rBala, G.\rDettinger, M.D.\rCayan, D.R.\rMirin, A.\rWood, A. W. \rNozawa, T." DOI: 10.1175/2008JCLI2405.1 ISSN: 1520-0442 Issue: 23 Journal: Journal of Climate Keywords: 'Snowpack, ; Hydrologic cycle, ; Trends, ; Coupled models, ; Greenhouse gases' Pages: 6425-6444 Title: Attribution of declining western US snowpack to human effects URL: http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/2008JCLI2405.1 Volume: 21 Year: 2008 _chapter: '["Ch. 20: Southwest FINAL","Ch. 28: Adaptation FINAL","Ch. 3: Water Resources FINAL","Appendix 3: Climate Science FINAL","Ch. 21: Northwest FINAL"]' _record_number: 2495 _uuid: 0d8b090e-e060-4f9d-a442-b7e050608a20 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1175/2008JCLI2405.1 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0d8b090e-e060-4f9d-a442-b7e050608a20.yaml identifier: 0d8b090e-e060-4f9d-a442-b7e050608a20 uri: /reference/0d8b090e-e060-4f9d-a442-b7e050608a20 - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: 'Bell, Jesse E.; Herring, Stephanie C. ; Jantarasami, Lesley; Adrianopoli, Carl; Benedict, Kaitlin; Conlon, Kathryn; Escobar, Vanessa; Hess, Jeremy; Luvall, Jeffrey; Garcia-Pando, Carlos Perez ; Quattrochi, Dale; Runkle, Jennifer; Schreck, Carl J., III' Book Title: 'The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment' DOI: 10.7930/J0BZ63ZV Pages: 99–128 Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program Title: 'Ch. 4: Impacts of extreme events on human health' Year: 2016 _record_number: 19376 _uuid: 0e186af3-bf5b-49ae-82cc-cf1a1a5a7c25 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/extreme-events href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0e186af3-bf5b-49ae-82cc-cf1a1a5a7c25.yaml identifier: 0e186af3-bf5b-49ae-82cc-cf1a1a5a7c25 uri: /reference/0e186af3-bf5b-49ae-82cc-cf1a1a5a7c25 - attrs: .reference_type: 9 Editor: 'Alkon, Alison Hope; Julian Agyeman' ISBN: 9780262516327 Number of Pages: 408 Place Published: 'Cambridge, MA' Publisher: MIT Press Title: 'Cultivating Food Justice: Race, Class, and Sustainability' Year: 2011 _record_number: 23707 _uuid: 0f0a3e4f-e54e-47f8-9e2b-c3d6ff5dd2e8 reftype: Edited Book child_publication: /book/cultivating-food-justice-race-class-sustainability href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0f0a3e4f-e54e-47f8-9e2b-c3d6ff5dd2e8.yaml identifier: 0f0a3e4f-e54e-47f8-9e2b-c3d6ff5dd2e8 uri: /reference/0f0a3e4f-e54e-47f8-9e2b-c3d6ff5dd2e8 - attrs: Abstract: 'The upper Colorado River basin (UCRB) is one of the primary sources of water for the western United States, and increasing temperatures likely will elevate the risk of reduced water supply in the basin. Although variability in water-year precipitation explains more of the variability in water-year UCRB streamflow than water-year UCRB temperature, since the late 1980s, increases in temperature in the UCRB have caused a substantial reduction in UCRB runoff efficiency (the ratio of streamflow to precipitation). These reductions in flow because of increasing temperatures are the largest documented temperature-related reductions since record keeping began. Increases in UCRB temperature over the past three decades have resulted in a mean UCRB water-year streamflow departure of −1306 million m3 (or −7% of mean water-year streamflow). Additionally, warm-season (April through September) temperature has had a larger effect on variability in water-year UCRB streamflow than the cool-season (October through March) temperature. The greater contribution of warm-season temperature, relative to cool-season temperature, to variability of UCRB flow suggests that evaporation or snowmelt, rather than changes from snow to rain during the cool season, has driven recent reductions in UCRB flow. It is expected that as warming continues, the negative effects of temperature on water-year UCRB streamflow will become more evident and problematic.' Author: 'McCabe, Gregory J.; David M. Wolock; Gregory T. Pederson; Connie A. Woodhouse; Stephanie McAfee' DOI: 10.1175/ei-d-17-0007.1 Issue: 10 Journal: Earth Interactions Keywords: 'Hydrology,Hydrometeorology,Water budget,Climate variability' Pages: 1-14 Title: Evidence that recent warming is reducing upper Colorado River flows Volume: 21 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23686 _uuid: 0f111f51-cde4-4a3d-a07a-42bc3f22d823 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1175/ei-d-17-0007.1 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0f111f51-cde4-4a3d-a07a-42bc3f22d823.yaml identifier: 0f111f51-cde4-4a3d-a07a-42bc3f22d823 uri: /reference/0f111f51-cde4-4a3d-a07a-42bc3f22d823 - attrs: Abstract: 'The association between ambient temperature and morbidity has been explored previously. However, the association between temperature and mental health-related outcomes, including violence and self-harm, remains relatively unexamined. For the period 2005–2013, we obtained daily counts of mental health-related emergency room visits involving injuries with an external cause for 16 California climate zones from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development and combined them with data on mean apparent temperature, a combination of temperature and humidity. Using Poisson regression models, we estimated climate zone-level associations and then used random-effects meta-analyses to produce overall estimates. Analyses were stratified by season (warm: May–October; cold: November–April), race/ethnicity, and age. During the warm season, a 10°F (5.6°C) increase in same-day mean apparent temperature was associated with 4.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.6, 6.0), 5.8% (95% CI: 4.5, 7.1), and 7.9% (95% CI: 7.3, 8.4) increases in the risk of emergency room visits for mental health disorders, self-injury/suicide, and intentional injury/homicide, respectively. High temperatures during the cold season were also positively associated with these outcomes. Variations were observed by race/ethnicity, age group, and sex, with Hispanics, whites, persons aged 6–18 years, and females being at greatest risk for most outcomes. Increasing mean apparent temperature was found to have acute associations with mental health outcomes and intentional injuries, and these findings warrant further study in other locations.' Author: 'Basu, Rupa; Gavin, Lyndsay; Pearson, Dharshani; Ebisu, Keita; Malig, Brian' DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx295 ISSN: 0002-9262 Issue: 4 Journal: American Journal of Epidemiology Pages: 726-735 Title: Examining the association between apparent temperature and mental health-related emergency room visits in California Volume: 187 Year: 2018 _record_number: 26398 _uuid: 0f11ab1a-bd20-4de1-a4f0-dad00db58523 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1093/aje/kwx295 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0f11ab1a-bd20-4de1-a4f0-dad00db58523.yaml identifier: 0f11ab1a-bd20-4de1-a4f0-dad00db58523 uri: /reference/0f11ab1a-bd20-4de1-a4f0-dad00db58523 - attrs: Abstract: 'Widespread, high levels of tree mortality, termed forest die-off, associated with drought and rising temperatures, are disrupting forests worldwide. Drought will likely become more frequent with climate change, but even without more frequent drought, higher temperatures can exacerbate tree water stress. The temperature sensitivity of drought-induced mortality of tree species has been evaluated experimentally for only single-step changes in temperature (ambient compared to ambient + increase) rather than as a response surface (multiple levels of temperature increase), which constrains our ability to relate changes in the driver with the biological response. Here we show that time-to-mortality during drought for seedlings of two western United States tree species, Pinus edulis (Engelm.) and Pinus ponderosa (Douglas ex C. Lawson), declined in continuous proportion with increasing temperature spanning a 7.7 °C increase. Although P. edulis outlived P. ponderosa at all temperatures, both species had similar relative declines in time-to-mortality as temperature increased (5.2% per °C for P. edulis ; 5.8% per °C for P. ponderosa ). When combined with the non-linear frequency distribution of drought duration—many more short droughts than long droughts—these findings point to a progressive increase in mortality events with global change due to warming alone and independent of additional changes in future drought frequency distributions. As such, dire future forest recruitment patterns are projected assuming the calculated 7–9 seedling mortality events per species by 2100 under business-as-usual warming occur, congruent with additional vulnerability predicted for adult trees from stressors like pathogens and pests. Our progressive projection for increased mortality events was driven primarily by the non-linear shape of the drought duration frequency distribution, a common climate feature of drought-affected regions. These results illustrate profound benefits for reducing emissions of carbon to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources and slowing warming as rapidly as possible to maximize forest persistence.' Author: 'Adams, Henry D.; Greg A. Barron-Gafford; Rebecca L. Minor; Alfonso A. Gardea; Lisa Patrick Bentley; Darin J. Law; David D. Breshears; Nate G. McDowell; Travis E. Huxman' DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/aa93be ISSN: 1748-9326 Issue: 11 Journal: Environmental Research Letters Pages: 115014 Title: Temperature response surfaces for mortality risk of tree species with future drought Volume: 12 Year: 2017 _record_number: 25956 _uuid: 0f5c8ed3-e5fb-4625-8cfe-4ad8b731d182 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1088/1748-9326/aa93be href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0f5c8ed3-e5fb-4625-8cfe-4ad8b731d182.yaml identifier: 0f5c8ed3-e5fb-4625-8cfe-4ad8b731d182 uri: /reference/0f5c8ed3-e5fb-4625-8cfe-4ad8b731d182 - attrs: Abstract: 'The effect of global climate change on infectious disease remains hotly debated because multiple extrinsic and intrinsic drivers interact to influence transmission dynamics in nonlinear ways. The dominant drivers of widespread pathogens, like West Nile virus, can be challenging to identify due to regional variability in vector and host ecology, with past studies producing disparate findings. Here, we used analyses at national and state scales to examine a suite of climatic and intrinsic drivers of continental-scale West Nile virus epidemics, including an empirically derived mechanistic relationship between temperature and transmission potential that accounts for spatial variability in vectors. We found that drought was the primary climatic driver of increased West Nile virus epidemics, rather than within-season or winter temperatures, or precipitation independently. Local-scale data from one region suggested drought increased epidemics via changes in mosquito infection prevalence rather than mosquito abundance. In addition, human acquired immunity following regional epidemics limited subsequent transmission in many states. We show that over the next 30 years, increased drought severity from climate change could triple West Nile virus cases, but only in regions with low human immunity. These results illustrate how changes in drought severity can alter the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases.' Author: 'Paull, Sara H.; Horton, Daniel E.; Ashfaq, Moetasim; Rastogi, Deeksha; Kramer, Laura D.; Diffenbaugh, Noah S.; Kilpatrick, A. Marm' DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2078 Issue: 1848 Journal: 'Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences' Title: Drought and immunity determine the intensity of West Nile virus epidemics and climate change impacts Volume: 284 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23690 _uuid: 110b6896-b3e8-4af4-9c57-70cd5dcc49b0 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1098/rspb.2016.2078 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/110b6896-b3e8-4af4-9c57-70cd5dcc49b0.yaml identifier: 110b6896-b3e8-4af4-9c57-70cd5dcc49b0 uri: /reference/110b6896-b3e8-4af4-9c57-70cd5dcc49b0 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Stöllberger, C.\rLutz, W.\rFinsterer, J." DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02581.x ISSN: 1468-1331 Issue: 7 Journal: European Journal of Neurology Pages: 879-882 Title: Heat-related side-effects of neurological and non-neurological medication may increase heatwave fatalities URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02581.x/pdf Volume: 16 Year: 2009 _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL"]' _record_number: 2962 _uuid: 114cd0b9-5577-4c58-b5b1-24c822dd4ad7 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02581.x href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/114cd0b9-5577-4c58-b5b1-24c822dd4ad7.yaml identifier: 114cd0b9-5577-4c58-b5b1-24c822dd4ad7 uri: /reference/114cd0b9-5577-4c58-b5b1-24c822dd4ad7 - attrs: .reference_type: 32 Author: 'State of California,' Document Number: Assembly Bill No. 32 Place Published: 'Sacramento, CA' Publisher: California Legislative Information Title: California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 URL: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=200520060AB32 Year: 2006 _record_number: 26386 _uuid: 11b7feae-6300-4e83-96e9-91d8cfb2445f reftype: Legal Rule or Regulation child_publication: /generic/1ac7a87f-32c6-45ee-a2b0-756a787fd754 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/11b7feae-6300-4e83-96e9-91d8cfb2445f.yaml identifier: 11b7feae-6300-4e83-96e9-91d8cfb2445f uri: /reference/11b7feae-6300-4e83-96e9-91d8cfb2445f - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'ABC,' Institution: Almond Board of California (ABC) Pages: 41 Place Published: 'Modesto, CA' Title: 'Almond Almanac 2016: Annual Report' URL: http://www.almonds.com/sites/default/files/2016_almond_almanac.pdf Year: 2016 _record_number: 23709 _uuid: 122eb3df-b664-4183-8004-89b06eaaeeb2 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/almond-almanac-2016-annual-report href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/122eb3df-b664-4183-8004-89b06eaaeeb2.yaml identifier: 122eb3df-b664-4183-8004-89b06eaaeeb2 uri: /reference/122eb3df-b664-4183-8004-89b06eaaeeb2 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Harrigan, Ryan J.; Thomassen, Henri A.; Buermann, Wolfgang; Smith, Thomas B.' DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12534 ISSN: 1365-2486 Issue: 8 Journal: Global Change Biology Pages: 2417-2425 Title: A continental risk assessment of West Nile virus under climate change Volume: 20 Year: 2014 _chapter: Ch4 _record_number: 16126 _uuid: 132133f3-1705-42ed-b505-8ccbaa497968 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1111/gcb.12534 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/132133f3-1705-42ed-b505-8ccbaa497968.yaml identifier: 132133f3-1705-42ed-b505-8ccbaa497968 uri: /reference/132133f3-1705-42ed-b505-8ccbaa497968 - attrs: Abstract: 'Context:Sports medicine providers frequently return athletes to play after sports-related injuries and conditions. Many of these conditions have guidelines or medical evidence to guide the decision-making process. Occasionally, however, sports medicine providers are challenged with complex medical conditions for which there is little evidence-based guidance and physicians are instructed to individualize treatment; included in this group of conditions are exertional heat stroke (EHS), exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER), and exertional collapse associated with sickle cell trait (ECAST).Evidence Acquisition:The MEDLINE (2000-2015) database was searched using the following search terms: exertional heat stroke, exertional rhabdomyolysis, and exertional collapse associated with sickle cell trait. References from consensus statements, review articles, and book chapters were also utilized.Study Design:Clinical review.Level of Evidence:Level 4.Results:These entities are unique in that they may cause organ system damage capable of leading to short- or long-term detriments to physical activity and may not lend to complete recovery, potentially putting the athlete at risk with premature return to play.Conclusion:With a better understanding of the pathophysiology of EHS, ER, and ECAST and the factors associated with recovery, better decisions regarding return to play may be made.' Author: 'Asplund, Chad A.; Francis G. O’Connor' DOI: 10.1177/1941738115617453 Issue: 2 Journal: Sports Health Keywords: 'return to play,heat illness,rhabdomyolysis,sickle cell trait' Pages: 117-125 Title: 'Challenging return to play decisions: Heat stroke, exertional rhabdomyolysis, and exertional collapse associated with sickle cell trait' Volume: 8 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23713 _uuid: 132a2118-5112-4f76-b641-e9d16fa0435f reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1177/1941738115617453 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/132a2118-5112-4f76-b641-e9d16fa0435f.yaml identifier: 132a2118-5112-4f76-b641-e9d16fa0435f uri: /reference/132a2118-5112-4f76-b641-e9d16fa0435f - attrs: Author: 'Griffin, Daniel; Anchukaitis, Kevin J.' DOI: 10.1002/2014GL062433 ISSN: 1944-8007 Issue: 24 Journal: Geophysical Research Letters Keywords: drought; tree rings; paleoclimate; 1637 Regional climate change; 1812 Drought; 1884 Water supply; 3344 Paleoclimatology; 4920 Dendrochronology Pages: 9017-9023 Title: How unusual is the 2012–2014 California drought? Volume: 41 Year: 2014 _record_number: 23772 _uuid: 133fec6d-8a4b-47e6-a1f0-c986ecf70780 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/2014GL062433 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/133fec6d-8a4b-47e6-a1f0-c986ecf70780.yaml identifier: 133fec6d-8a4b-47e6-a1f0-c986ecf70780 uri: /reference/133fec6d-8a4b-47e6-a1f0-c986ecf70780 - attrs: Author: 'Li, Dongyue; Wrzesien, Melissa L.; Durand, Michael; Adam, Jennifer; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.' DOI: 10.1002/2017GL073551 ISSN: 1944-8007 Issue: 12 Journal: Geophysical Research Letters Keywords: streamflow; snowmelt; western U.S; 0740 Snowmelt; 1860 Streamflow; 1807 Climate impacts Pages: 6163-6172 Title: 'How much runoff originates as snow in the western United States, and how will that change in the future?' Volume: 44 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23681 _uuid: 135fdd3e-b93f-4a96-8a01-879908abb71b reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/2017GL073551 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/135fdd3e-b93f-4a96-8a01-879908abb71b.yaml identifier: 135fdd3e-b93f-4a96-8a01-879908abb71b uri: /reference/135fdd3e-b93f-4a96-8a01-879908abb71b - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: 'Lake, Frank K.; Jonathan W. Long' Book Title: Science Synthesis to Support Socioecological Resilience in the Sierra Nevada and Southern Cascade Range Editor: 'Long, Jonathan W.; Quinn-Davidson, Lenya N.; Skinner, Carl N.' Pages: 173-186 Place Published: 'Albany, CA' Publisher: 'U.S. Department of Agriculture, Pacific Southwest Research Station' Series Volume: PSW-GTR-247 Title: Fire and tribal cultural resources URL: https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr247/chapters/psw_gtr247_chapter4_2.pdf Year: 2014 _record_number: 23939 _uuid: 13af7e4d-9182-43bf-b557-c2a7615ece38 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /book/94adeaf1-fc82-4027-92d9-deeb7e99e331 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/13af7e4d-9182-43bf-b557-c2a7615ece38.yaml identifier: 13af7e4d-9182-43bf-b557-c2a7615ece38 uri: /reference/13af7e4d-9182-43bf-b557-c2a7615ece38 - attrs: Abstract: 'Climate models project rising drought risks over the southwestern and central U.S. in the twenty-first century due to increasing greenhouse gases. The projected drier regions largely overlay the major dust sources in the United States. However, whether dust activity in U.S. will increase in the future is not clear, due to the large uncertainty in dust modeling. This study found that changes of dust activity in the U.S. in the recent decade are largely associated with the variations of precipitation, soil bareness, and surface winds speed. Using multi-model output under the Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5 scenario, we project that climate change will increase dust activity in the southern Great Plains from spring to fall in the late half of the twenty-first century – largely due to reduced precipitation, enhanced land surface bareness, and increased surface wind speed. Over the northern Great Plains, less dusty days are expected in spring due to increased precipitation and reduced bareness. Given the large negative economic and societal consequences of severe dust storms, this study complements the multi-model projection on future dust variations and may help improve risk management and resource planning.' Author: 'Pu, Bing; Ginoux, Paul' DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05431-9 Date: 2017/07/17 ISSN: 2045-2322 Issue: 1 Journal: Scientific Reports Pages: 5553 Title: Projection of American dustiness in the late 21st century due to climate change Volume: 7 Year: 2017 _record_number: 23691 _uuid: 13e9bbba-449b-46c0-a8af-5e7ccac9a4c2 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/s41598-017-05431-9 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/13e9bbba-449b-46c0-a8af-5e7ccac9a4c2.yaml identifier: 13e9bbba-449b-46c0-a8af-5e7ccac9a4c2 uri: /reference/13e9bbba-449b-46c0-a8af-5e7ccac9a4c2 - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: "Wilder, M.\rGarfin, G.\rGanster, P.\rEakin, H.\rRomero-Lankao, P.\rLara-Valencia, F.\rCortez-Lara, A. A.\rMumme, S.\rNeri, C.\rMuñoz-Arriola, F." Book Title: 'Assessment of Climate Change in the Southwest United States: A Report Prepared for the National Climate Assessment' Editor: "Garfin, G.\rJardine, A.\rMerideth, R.\rBlack, Mary\rLeRoy, Sarah" ISBN: 9781610914468 Pages: 340–384 Place Published: 'Washington, D.C.' Publisher: Island Press Reviewer: 143f2380-6a22-4149-a682-c10c62615d69 Title: 'Ch. 16: Climate change and U.S.-Mexico border communities' URL: http://swccar.org/sites/all/themes/files/SW-NCA-color-FINALweb.pdf Year: 2013 _chapter: '["Ch. 20: Southwest FINAL"]' _record_number: 4006 _uuid: 143f2380-6a22-4149-a682-c10c62615d69 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /book/c9625c65-c20f-4163-87fe-cebf734f7836 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/143f2380-6a22-4149-a682-c10c62615d69.yaml identifier: 143f2380-6a22-4149-a682-c10c62615d69 uri: /reference/143f2380-6a22-4149-a682-c10c62615d69 - attrs: Abstract: 'A high-resolution climate model (4-km horizontal grid spacing) is used to examine the following question: How will long-term changes in climate impact the partitioning of annual precipitation between evapotranspiration and runoff in the Colorado Headwaters?This question is examined using a climate sensitivity approach in which eight years of current climate is compared to a future climate created by modifying the current climate signal with perturbation from the NCAR Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3), model forced by the A1B scenario for greenhouse gases out to 2050. The current climate period is shown to agree well with Snowpack Telemetry (SNOTEL) surface observations of precipitation (P) and snowpack, as well as streamflow and AmeriFlux evapotranspiration (ET) observations. The results show that the annual evaporative fraction (ET/P) for the Colorado Headwaters is 0.81 for the current climate and 0.83 for the future climate, indicating increasing aridity in the future despite a positive increase of precipitation. Runoff decreased by an average of 6%, reflecting the increased aridity.Precipitation increased in the future winter by 12%, but decreased in the summer as a result of increased low-level inhibition to convection. The fraction of precipitation that fell as snow decreased from 0.83 in the current climate to 0.74 in the future. Future snowpack did not change significantly until January. From January to March the snowpack increased above ~3000 m MSL and decreased below that level. Snowpack decreased at all elevations in the future from April to July. The peak snowpack and runoff over the headwaters occurred 2–3 weeks earlier in the future simulation, in agreement with previous studies.' Author: 'Rasmussen, Roy; Kyoko Ikeda; Changhai Liu; David Gochis; Martyn Clark; Aiguo Dai; Ethan Gutmann; Jimy Dudhia; Fei Chen; Mike Barlage; David Yates; Guo Zhang' DOI: 10.1175/jhm-d-13-0118.1 Issue: 3 Journal: Journal of Hydrometeorology Keywords: 'Climate change,Hydrology,Hydrometeorology,Water budget,Model evaluation/performance,Regional models' Pages: 1091-1116 Title: 'Climate change impacts on the water balance of the Colorado Headwaters: High-resolution regional climate model simulations' Volume: 15 Year: 2014 _record_number: 26379 _uuid: 146564da-70cf-46dd-8aac-e42177107d8e reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1175/jhm-d-13-0118.1 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/146564da-70cf-46dd-8aac-e42177107d8e.yaml identifier: 146564da-70cf-46dd-8aac-e42177107d8e uri: /reference/146564da-70cf-46dd-8aac-e42177107d8e - attrs: Article Number: e01478 Author: 'Stephens, Scott L.; Miller, Jay D.; Collins, Brandon M.; North, Malcolm P.; Keane, John J.; Roberts, Susan L.' DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1478 ISSN: 2150-8925 Issue: 11 Journal: Ecosphere Keywords: coarse filter; conservation; fine–filter; Jeffrey pine; mixed conifer forests; ponderosa pine; prescribed fire; restoration; wildfire Pages: e01478 Title: Wildfire impacts on California spotted owl nesting habitat in the Sierra Nevada Volume: 7 Year: 2016 _record_number: 23697 _uuid: 1499be41-fb3f-4274-a545-e9ff7e8feea0 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/ecs2.1478 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1499be41-fb3f-4274-a545-e9ff7e8feea0.yaml identifier: 1499be41-fb3f-4274-a545-e9ff7e8feea0 uri: /reference/1499be41-fb3f-4274-a545-e9ff7e8feea0 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Feely, Richard A.; Alin, Simone R.; Carter, Brendan; Bednaršek, Nina; Hales, Burke; Chan, Francis; Hill, Tessa M.; Gaylord, Brian; Sanford, Eric; Byrne, Robert H.; Sabine, Christopher L.; Greeley, Dana; Juranek, Lauren' DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2016.08.043 Date: 12/20/ ISSN: 0272-7714 Journal: 'Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science' Keywords: California current large marine ecosystem; Ocean acidification; Anthropogenic CO2; Upwelling; Pteropod dissolution Pages: 260-270 Title: Chemical and biological impacts of ocean acidification along the west coast of North America Volume: '183, Part A' Year: 2016 _record_number: 21599 _uuid: 14ea4d85-e2b5-48d8-b5c8-2d82801e8383 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.ecss.2016.08.043 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/14ea4d85-e2b5-48d8-b5c8-2d82801e8383.yaml identifier: 14ea4d85-e2b5-48d8-b5c8-2d82801e8383 uri: /reference/14ea4d85-e2b5-48d8-b5c8-2d82801e8383 - attrs: .publisher: 'Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.' .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Belmecheri, Soumaya; Babst, Flurin; Wahl, Eugene R.; Stahle, David W.; Trouet, Valerie' DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2809 Date: 01//print ISSN: 1758-678X Issue: 1 Journal: Nature Climate Change Pages: 2-3 Title: Multi-century evaluation of Sierra Nevada snowpack Volume: 6 Year: 2016 _record_number: 20850 _uuid: 1505955b-88ba-4146-8596-0b3ba481d0ac reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/nclimate2809 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1505955b-88ba-4146-8596-0b3ba481d0ac.yaml identifier: 1505955b-88ba-4146-8596-0b3ba481d0ac uri: /reference/1505955b-88ba-4146-8596-0b3ba481d0ac - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'NCSL,' Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: National Conference of State Legislatures Title: 'State Renewable Portfolio Standards and Goals [web page]' URL: http://www.ncsl.org/research/energy/renewable-portfolio-standards.aspx Year: 2018 _record_number: 26405 _uuid: 15fba801-2833-4ff5-bf74-04a5a23b5206 reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/51b16e51-a63e-4387-9195-20deab232ca9 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/15fba801-2833-4ff5-bf74-04a5a23b5206.yaml identifier: 15fba801-2833-4ff5-bf74-04a5a23b5206 uri: /reference/15fba801-2833-4ff5-bf74-04a5a23b5206 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'U.S. Federal Government,' Place Published: 'Washington, DC' Publisher: United States Global Change Research Program Title: 'U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit: A Record of Change: Science and Elder Observations on the Navajo Nation [web site]' URL: https://toolkit.climate.gov/videos/record-change-science-and-elder-observations-navajo-nation Year: 2017 _record_number: 26381 _uuid: 167cbc63-6d6f-4ece-a004-3421311f8d7f reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/4e581542-4a3d-492c-95ff-0e587d711db9 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/167cbc63-6d6f-4ece-a004-3421311f8d7f.yaml identifier: 167cbc63-6d6f-4ece-a004-3421311f8d7f uri: /reference/167cbc63-6d6f-4ece-a004-3421311f8d7f - attrs: Author: 'Vogel, Jason; McNie, Elizabeth; Behar, David' DOI: 10.1016/j.cliser.2016.06.003 Date: 2016/09/01/ ISSN: 2405-8807 Journal: Climate Services Keywords: Actionable science; Co-production; Climate model information; Water resources management; Vulnerability assessment Pages: 30-40 Title: Co-producing actionable science for water utilities Volume: 2-3 Year: 2016 _record_number: 26392 _uuid: 16d01c2b-6eee-4433-9969-213d5cbbb160 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.cliser.2016.06.003 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/16d01c2b-6eee-4433-9969-213d5cbbb160.yaml identifier: 16d01c2b-6eee-4433-9969-213d5cbbb160 uri: /reference/16d01c2b-6eee-4433-9969-213d5cbbb160 - attrs: Abstract: 'This paper introduces a scalable "climate health justice" model for assessing and projecting incidence, treatment costs, and sociospatial disparities for diseases with well-documented climate change linkages. The model is designed to employ low-cost secondary data, and it is rooted in a perspective that merges normative environmental justice concerns with theoretical grounding in health inequalities. Since the model employs International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) disease codes, it is transferable to other contexts, appropriate for use across spatial scales, and suitable for comparative analyses. We demonstrate the utility of the model through analysis of 2008-2010 hospitalization discharge data at state and county levels in Texas (USA). We identified several disease categories (i.e., cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, heat-related, and respiratory) associated with climate change, and then selected corresponding ICD-9 codes with the highest hospitalization counts for further analyses. Selected diseases include ischemic heart disease, diarrhea, heat exhaustion/cramps/stroke/syncope, and asthma. Cardiovascular disease ranked first among the general categories of diseases for age-adjusted hospital admission rate (5286.37 per 100,000). In terms of specific selected diseases (per 100,000 population), asthma ranked first (517.51), followed by ischemic heart disease (195.20), diarrhea (75.35), and heat exhaustion/cramps/stroke/syncope (7.81). Charges associated with the selected diseases over the 3-year period amounted to US$5.6 billion. Blacks were disproportionately burdened by the selected diseases in comparison to non-Hispanic whites, while Hispanics were not. Spatial distributions of the selected disease rates revealed geographic zones of disproportionate risk. Based upon a down-scaled regional climate-change projection model, we estimate a >5% increase in the incidence and treatment costs of asthma attributable to climate change between the baseline and 2040-2050 in Texas. Additionally, the inequalities described here will be accentuated, with blacks facing amplified health disparities in the future. These predicted trends raise both intergenerational and distributional climate health justice concerns. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.' Author: 'McDonald, Y. J.; Grineski, S. E.; Collins, T. W.; Kim, Y. A.' DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.032 Date: May ISSN: 0277-9536 Journal: Social Science & Medicine Keywords: climate justice; Health Pages: 242-252 Title: A scalable climate health justice assessment model Volume: 133 Year: 2015 _record_number: 22786 _uuid: 176f1216-a5cf-4ad9-852d-3bf41a0d87ec reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.032 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/176f1216-a5cf-4ad9-852d-3bf41a0d87ec.yaml identifier: 176f1216-a5cf-4ad9-852d-3bf41a0d87ec uri: /reference/176f1216-a5cf-4ad9-852d-3bf41a0d87ec - attrs: Abstract: 'This report provides estimates of operational water withdrawal and water consumption factors for electricity generating technologies in the United States. Estimates of water factors were collected from published primary literature and were not modified except for unit conversions. The water factors presented may be useful in modeling and policy analyses where reliable power plant level data are not available. Major findings of the report include: water withdrawal and consumption factors vary greatly across and within fuel technologies, and water factors show greater agreement when organized according to cooling technologies as opposed to fuel technologies; a transition to a less carbon-intensive electricity sector could result in either an increase or a decrease in water use, depending on the choice of technologies and cooling systems employed; concentrating solar power technologies and coal facilities with carbon capture and sequestration capabilities have the highest water consumption values when using a recirculating cooling system; and non-thermal renewables, such as photovoltaics and wind, have the lowest water consumption factors. Improved power plant data and further studies into the water requirements of energy technologies in different climatic regions would facilitate greater resolution in analyses of water impacts of future energy and economic scenarios. This report provides the foundation for conducting water use impact assessments of the power sector while also identifying gaps in data that could guide future research.' Author: 'Macknick, J.; R. Newmark; G. Heath; K. C. Hallett' DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/045802 ISSN: 1748-9326 Issue: 4 Journal: Environmental Research Letters Pages: 045802 Title: 'Operational water consumption and withdrawal factors for electricity generating technologies: A review of existing literature' Volume: 7 Year: 2012 _record_number: 21330 _uuid: 17856bda-1c6a-4aeb-b0fb-9ffcfb8a55b4 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/045802 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/17856bda-1c6a-4aeb-b0fb-9ffcfb8a55b4.yaml identifier: 17856bda-1c6a-4aeb-b0fb-9ffcfb8a55b4 uri: /reference/17856bda-1c6a-4aeb-b0fb-9ffcfb8a55b4