--- - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'ESL,' Institution: Environmental Solutions Limited (ESL) Pages: 70 Place Published: 'Kingston, Jamaica' Title: The Regional Training Workshops in the Conduct of Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment (VCA) Studies in Caribbean Countries. Final report URL: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&ved=2ahUKEwjDlvWSxNndAhVMSK0KHXXND1QQFjADegQIAhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdms.caribbeanclimate.bz%2FM-Files%2Fopenfile.aspx%3Fobjtype%3D0%26docid%3D6512&usg=AOvVaw2HrNkrimBvD2FkNPBr50dQ Year: 2015 _record_number: 26445 _uuid: 899cb14e-1714-48fe-b7ac-bda0a57ff0ba reftype: Report child_publication: /report/regional-training-workshops-conduct-vulnerability-capacity-assessment-vca-studies-caribbean-countries-final-report href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/899cb14e-1714-48fe-b7ac-bda0a57ff0ba.yaml identifier: 899cb14e-1714-48fe-b7ac-bda0a57ff0ba uri: /reference/899cb14e-1714-48fe-b7ac-bda0a57ff0ba - attrs: Abstract: 'The sensitivity of the precipitation over Puerto Rico that is simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model is evaluated using multiple combinations of cumulus parameterization (CP) schemes and interior grid nudging. The NCEP–DOE AMIP-II reanalysis (R-2) is downscaled to 2-km horizontal grid spacing both with convective-permitting simulations (CP active only in the middle and outer domains) and with CP schemes active in all domains. The results generally show lower simulated precipitation amounts than are observed, regardless of WRF configuration, but activating the CP schemes in the inner domain improves the annual cycle, intensity, and placement of rainfall relative to the convective-permitting simulations. Furthermore, the use of interior-grid-nudging techniques in the outer domains improves the placement and intensity of rainfall in the inner domain. Incorporating a CP scheme at convective-permitting scales (<4 km) and grid nudging at non-convective-permitting scales (>4 km) improves the island average correlation of precipitation by 0.05–0.2 and reduces the island average RMSE by up to 40 mm on average over relying on the explicit microphysics at convective-permitting scales with grid nudging. Projected changes in summer precipitation between 2040–42 and 1985–87 using WRF to downscale CCSM4 range from a 2.6-mm average increase to an 81.9-mm average decrease, depending on the choice of CP scheme. The differences are only associated with differences between WRF configurations, which indicates the importance of CP scheme for projected precipitation change as well as historical accuracy.' Author: 'Wootten, A.; J. H. Bowden; R. Boyles; A. Terando' DOI: 10.1175/jamc-d-16-0121.1 Issue: 10 Journal: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology Keywords: 'Precipitation,Model evaluation/performance,Regional models' Pages: 2263-2281 Title: The sensitivity of WRF downscaled precipitation in Puerto Rico to cumulus parameterization and interior grid nudging Volume: 55 Year: 2016 _record_number: 25102 _uuid: 8b59c4bd-ba59-4567-9f5d-9c2422b7e05b reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1175/jamc-d-16-0121.1 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8b59c4bd-ba59-4567-9f5d-9c2422b7e05b.yaml identifier: 8b59c4bd-ba59-4567-9f5d-9c2422b7e05b uri: /reference/8b59c4bd-ba59-4567-9f5d-9c2422b7e05b - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Puerto Rico Planning Board,' Institution: Puerto Rico Planning Board Pages: 86 Place Published: 'San Juan, PR' Title: 'Apéndice Estadístico Informe Económico al Gobernador y a la Asamblea Legislativa [Statistical Appendix of the Economic Report to the Governor and to the Legislative Assembly] 2016' URL: http://gis.jp.pr.gov/Externo_Econ/Ap%C3%A9ndices%20Estad%C3%ADsticos/Ap%C3%A9ndice%20Estad%C3%ADstico%202016.pdf Year: 2017 _record_number: 25254 _uuid: 8d7fc5e9-8cb1-4772-bbfd-a387db1230ef reftype: Report child_publication: /report/apndice-estadstico-informe-econmico-al-gobernador-y-la-asamblea-legislativa-statistical-appendix-economic-report-governor-legislative-assembly-2016 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8d7fc5e9-8cb1-4772-bbfd-a387db1230ef.yaml identifier: 8d7fc5e9-8cb1-4772-bbfd-a387db1230ef uri: /reference/8d7fc5e9-8cb1-4772-bbfd-a387db1230ef - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Quiñones, Maya; Parés-Ramos, Isabel K.; Gould, William A.; Gonzalez, Grizelle; McGinley, Kathleen; Ríos, Pedro' Institution: 'USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry' Pages: 63 Place Published: 'San Juan, PR' Report Number: Gen. Tech. Rep. IITF-GTR-47 Title: El Yunque National Forest Atlas URL: https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/iitf/research/?cid=fseprd577058 Year: 2018 _record_number: 26430 _uuid: 8de1d3e4-dc3f-4b39-9d88-2673708bda8c reftype: Report child_publication: /report/el-yunque-national-forest-atlas href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/8de1d3e4-dc3f-4b39-9d88-2673708bda8c.yaml identifier: 8de1d3e4-dc3f-4b39-9d88-2673708bda8c uri: /reference/8de1d3e4-dc3f-4b39-9d88-2673708bda8c - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: 'Farrell, David A.' Book Title: Climate ExChange ISBN: 978-0-9568561-3-5 Pages: 143-146 Place Published: 'Leicester, UK' Publisher: Tudor Rose (for World Meteorological Organization) Title: Climate services and disaster risk reduction in the Caribbean Year: 2012 _record_number: 25082 _uuid: 9045aae3-0996-4ab7-b956-24e85699b602 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /book/8113f6ce-d488-4cd7-a1ff-944836750950 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9045aae3-0996-4ab7-b956-24e85699b602.yaml identifier: 9045aae3-0996-4ab7-b956-24e85699b602 uri: /reference/9045aae3-0996-4ab7-b956-24e85699b602 - attrs: Author: 'Palla, A.; Gnecco, I.; La Barbera, P.' DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.01.025 Date: 2017/04/15/ ISSN: 0301-4797 Journal: Journal of Environmental Management Keywords: Hydrologic performance; SWMM; Rainwater harvesting; Source control; Storage tank; Storm water Pages: 297-305 Title: The impact of domestic rainwater harvesting systems in storm water runoff mitigation at the urban block scale Volume: 191 Year: 2017 _record_number: 25238 _uuid: 94116703-5a8c-43db-a686-00500fda633b reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.01.025 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/94116703-5a8c-43db-a686-00500fda633b.yaml identifier: 94116703-5a8c-43db-a686-00500fda633b uri: /reference/94116703-5a8c-43db-a686-00500fda633b - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Crespo Acevedo, Wanda I.; Moyano Flores, Roberto' Institution: 'Estudios Técnicos, Inc.' Pages: 7 Place Published: 'Hato Rey, PR' Title: Using geographical informaiton systems to estimate population in special flood hazards areas and coastal lands and structures that will be affected by sea level rise in Puerto Rico URL: http://drna.pr.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Vulnerability-assessment-in-Puerto-Rico-and-its-coastal-zone-using-GIS-analysis-floods-003.pdf Year: 2017 _record_number: 25258 _uuid: 948e5339-0c42-452b-a2f0-f189b8f531cc reftype: Report child_publication: /report/using-geographical-informaiton-systems-estimate-population-special-flood-hazards-areas-coastal-lands-structures-that-will-be-affected-by-sea-level-rise-puerto-rico href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/948e5339-0c42-452b-a2f0-f189b8f531cc.yaml identifier: 948e5339-0c42-452b-a2f0-f189b8f531cc uri: /reference/948e5339-0c42-452b-a2f0-f189b8f531cc - attrs: Author: 'Brander, Keith' DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.12.015 Date: 2010/02/10/ ISSN: 0924-7963 Issue: 3 Journal: Journal of Marine Systems Keywords: Climate change; Climate impact; Fish populations; Fisheries management; Marine ecosystems Pages: 389-402 Title: Impacts of climate change on fisheries Volume: 79 Year: 2010 _record_number: 25065 _uuid: 94f95306-0dd9-43cf-8e70-9a379423f31d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.12.015 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/94f95306-0dd9-43cf-8e70-9a379423f31d.yaml identifier: 94f95306-0dd9-43cf-8e70-9a379423f31d uri: /reference/94f95306-0dd9-43cf-8e70-9a379423f31d - attrs: Author: 'Van Beusekom, Ashley E.; González, Grizelle; Scholl, Martha A.' DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-7245-2017 ISSN: 1680-7324 Issue: 11 Journal: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Notes: ACP Pages: 7245-7259 Publisher: Copernicus Publications Title: Analyzing cloud base at local and regional scales to understand tropical montane cloud forest vulnerability to climate change Volume: 17 Year: 2017 _record_number: 24995 _uuid: 95ba66fd-036e-4d07-b247-3b7acb82bf35 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.5194/acp-17-7245-2017 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/95ba66fd-036e-4d07-b247-3b7acb82bf35.yaml identifier: 95ba66fd-036e-4d07-b247-3b7acb82bf35 uri: /reference/95ba66fd-036e-4d07-b247-3b7acb82bf35 - attrs: .reference_type: 1 Author: "Snover, A.K.\rL. Binder\rJ. Lopez\rE. Willmott\rJ. Kay\rSims, R.\rWyman, M.\rHentschel, M.\rStrickler, A." Place Published: 'Oakland, CA' Publisher: ' ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability' Reviewer: 97283f21-f440-4ed0-80bf-617c701ec6c1 Title: 'Preparing for Climate Change: A Guidebook for Local, Regional, and State Governments' URL: http://www.icleiusa.org/action-center/planning/adaptation-guidebook/view?searchterm Year: 2007 _chapter: '["Ch. 26: Decision Support FINAL"]' _record_number: 2891 _uuid: 97283f21-f440-4ed0-80bf-617c701ec6c1 reftype: Book child_publication: /report/uwash-kingco-icleii-preparing-for-climate-change-2007 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/97283f21-f440-4ed0-80bf-617c701ec6c1.yaml identifier: 97283f21-f440-4ed0-80bf-617c701ec6c1 uri: /reference/97283f21-f440-4ed0-80bf-617c701ec6c1 - attrs: Author: 'González, J. E.; M. Georgescu; M. C. Lemos; N. Hosannah; D. Niyogi ' DOI: 10.1029/2017EO071975 Journal: 'Eos, Earth & Space Science News' Title: Climate change’s pulse is in Central America and the Caribbean Volume: 98 Year: 2017 _record_number: 25046 _uuid: 9967957d-eac9-421c-a5f8-66d89556c988 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1029/2017EO071975 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9967957d-eac9-421c-a5f8-66d89556c988.yaml identifier: 9967957d-eac9-421c-a5f8-66d89556c988 uri: /reference/9967957d-eac9-421c-a5f8-66d89556c988 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Runkle, Jennifer; Kenneth E. Kunkel; Laura Stevens; Sarah Champion; David Easterling; A Terrando; L. Sun; Brooke C. Stewart' Institution: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Pages: 4 Place Published: 'Asheville, NC' Series Volume: NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 149-PRUSVI Title: 'State Climate Summaries: Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands' URL: https://statesummaries.ncics.org/p; r Year: 2017 _record_number: 26436 _uuid: 9b182a00-3f8c-44f2-934b-b0eade705ea1 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/noaa-led-state-summaries-2017/chapter/puerto-rico-us-virgin-islands href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9b182a00-3f8c-44f2-934b-b0eade705ea1.yaml identifier: 9b182a00-3f8c-44f2-934b-b0eade705ea1 uri: /reference/9b182a00-3f8c-44f2-934b-b0eade705ea1 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Kuniansky, Eve L.; Rodriguez, José M' Institution: U.S. Geological Survey Pages: 106 Place Published: 'Reston, VA' Report Number: Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5022 Title: 'Effects of Changes in Irrigation Practices and Aquifer Development on Groundwater Discharge to the Jobos Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve near Salinas, Puerto Rico' URL: https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5022/ Year: 2010 _record_number: 25250 _uuid: 9b520861-46d3-45dc-92a0-5c2af79d9429 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/effects-changes-irrigation-practices-aquifer-development-on-groundwater-discharge-jobos-bay-national-estuarine-research-reserve-near-salinas-puerto-rico href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9b520861-46d3-45dc-92a0-5c2af79d9429.yaml identifier: 9b520861-46d3-45dc-92a0-5c2af79d9429 uri: /reference/9b520861-46d3-45dc-92a0-5c2af79d9429 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Puerto Rico National Parks Company,' Institution: Puerto Rico National Parks Company (CPNPR in Spanish) Place Published: 'San Juan, PR' Title: Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP) for Puerto Rico 2013-2018 Year: 2013 _record_number: 26698 _uuid: 9bddb32f-7a14-45b9-a507-3c99b3219578 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/statewide-comprehensive-outdoor-recreation-plan-scorp-puerto-rico-2013-2018 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9bddb32f-7a14-45b9-a507-3c99b3219578.yaml identifier: 9bddb32f-7a14-45b9-a507-3c99b3219578 uri: /reference/9bddb32f-7a14-45b9-a507-3c99b3219578 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Boulon, Rafe; The ; Acropora; Biological Review Team,' Pages: 152 + App. Title: 'Atlantic Acropora Status Review Document. Report to National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Regional Office' URL: https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/16200 Year: 2005 _record_number: 26444 _uuid: 9d974b61-97ea-4778-977d-26701052c8e9 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/atlantic-acropora-status-review-document-report-national-marine-fisheries-service-southeast-regional-office href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9d974b61-97ea-4778-977d-26701052c8e9.yaml identifier: 9d974b61-97ea-4778-977d-26701052c8e9 uri: /reference/9d974b61-97ea-4778-977d-26701052c8e9 - attrs: Abstract: 'A 10-member ensemble from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) is used to analyze the Caribbean’s future climate when mean global surface air temperatures are 1.5°, 2.0°, and 2.5°C above preindustrial (1861–1900) values. The global warming targets are attained by the 2030s, 2050s, and 2070s respectively for RCP4.5. The Caribbean on average exhibits smaller mean surface air temperature increases than the globe, although there are parts of the region that are always warmer than the global warming targets. In comparison to the present (using a 1971–2000 baseline), the Caribbean domain is 0.5° to 1.5°C warmer at the 1.5°C target, 5%–10% wetter except for the northeast and southeast Caribbean, which are drier, and experiences increases in annual warm spells of more than 100 days. At the 2.0°C target, there is additional warming by 0.2°–1.0°C, a further extension of warm spells by up to 70 days, a shift to a predominantly drier region (5%–15% less than present day), and a greater occurrence of droughts. The climate patterns at 2.5°C indicate an intensification of the changes seen at 2.0°C. The shift in the rainfall pattern between 1.5°C (wet) and 2.0°C (dry) for parts of the domain has implications for regional adaptation pursuits. The results provide some justification for the lobby by the Caribbean Community and Small Island Developing States to limit global warming to 1.5°C above preindustrial levels, as embodied in the slogan “1.5 to Stay Alive.”' Author: 'Taylor, Michael A. ; Leonardo A. Clarke; Abel Centella; Arnoldo Bezanilla; Tannecia S. Stephenson; Jhordanne J. Jones; Jayaka D. Campbell; Alejandro Vichot; John Charlery' DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-17-0074.1 Issue: 7 Journal: Journal of Climate Keywords: Climate variability Pages: 2907-2926 Title: 'Future Caribbean climates in a world of rising temperatures: The 1.5 vs 2.0 dilemma' Volume: 31 Year: 2018 _record_number: 25239 _uuid: 9de0b9c6-ce59-4940-8a6c-a244f1fa7a9c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0074.1 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9de0b9c6-ce59-4940-8a6c-a244f1fa7a9c.yaml identifier: 9de0b9c6-ce59-4940-8a6c-a244f1fa7a9c uri: /reference/9de0b9c6-ce59-4940-8a6c-a244f1fa7a9c - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'Munich RE,' Late Update Date: 'March 27, 2017' Place Published: 'Munich, Germany' Title: 'Overview of Natural Catastrophe Figures for 2016 [web site]' URL: https://www.munichre.com/topics-online/en/climate-change-and-natural-disasters/natural-disasters/overview-natural-catastrophe-2016.html Year: 2017 _record_number: 26435 _uuid: 9f157593-68ed-4e2f-af63-cc39e1fb6899 reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/5b702a7f-97f8-4ec4-9c50-e80bf8065a61 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/9f157593-68ed-4e2f-af63-cc39e1fb6899.yaml identifier: 9f157593-68ed-4e2f-af63-cc39e1fb6899 uri: /reference/9f157593-68ed-4e2f-af63-cc39e1fb6899 - attrs: Author: 'Friedrich, Oliver; Schiebel, Ralf; Wilson, Paul A.; Weldeab, Syee; Beer, Christopher J.; Cooper, Matthew J.; Fiebig, Jens' DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.12.002 Date: 2012/02/15/ ISSN: 0012-821X Journal: Earth and Planetary Science Letters Keywords: Mg/Ca; planktic foraminifera; ecology; dissolution; core-top; plankton tow Pages: 133-145 Title: 'Influence of test size, water depth, and ecology on Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, δ18 O and δ13 C in nine modern species of planktic foraminifers' Volume: 319-320 Year: 2012 _record_number: 25051 _uuid: a03f3916-2084-4353-bce4-adac93801617 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.12.002 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a03f3916-2084-4353-bce4-adac93801617.yaml identifier: a03f3916-2084-4353-bce4-adac93801617 uri: /reference/a03f3916-2084-4353-bce4-adac93801617 - attrs: Author: 'Van Beusekom, Ashley E.; Gould, William A.; Terando, Adam J.; Collazo, Jaime A.' DOI: 10.1002/joc.4560 ISSN: 1097-0088 Issue: 9 Journal: International Journal of Climatology Keywords: future water supply; general circulation models; hydrology; Precipitation Runoff Modelling System; Puerto Rico; statistical downscaling; tropical island hydrology Pages: 3370-3383 Publisher: 'John Wiley & Sons, Ltd' Title: 'Climate change and water resources in a tropical island system: Propagation of uncertainty from statistically downscaled climate models to hydrologic models' Volume: 36 Year: 2016 _record_number: 24996 _uuid: a045f06c-0964-4286-9b5a-9b625da4eb2d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/joc.4560 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a045f06c-0964-4286-9b5a-9b625da4eb2d.yaml identifier: a045f06c-0964-4286-9b5a-9b625da4eb2d uri: /reference/a045f06c-0964-4286-9b5a-9b625da4eb2d - attrs: Author: 'Thornton, Philip K.; Ericksen, Polly J.; Herrero, Mario; Challinor, Andrew J.' DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12581 ISSN: 1365-2486 Issue: 11 Journal: Global Change Biology Keywords: agriculture; climate variability; development; food system; poverty; uncertainty; vulnerability Pages: 3313-3328 Title: 'Climate variability and vulnerability to climate change: A review' Volume: 20 Year: 2014 _record_number: 24999 _uuid: a046eae4-1146-41fc-a941-b2f66ea017dc reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1111/gcb.12581 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a046eae4-1146-41fc-a941-b2f66ea017dc.yaml identifier: a046eae4-1146-41fc-a941-b2f66ea017dc uri: /reference/a046eae4-1146-41fc-a941-b2f66ea017dc - attrs: Author: 'Brandeis, Thomas J.; Helmer, Eileen H.; Marcano-Vega, Humfredo; Lugo, Ariel E.' DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.07.030 Date: 2009/09/15/ ISSN: 0378-1127 Issue: 7 Journal: Forest Ecology and Management Keywords: Species composition; Tropical secondary forest; Land-use history; Introduced species; Cluster analysis; NMS ordination; Caribbean Pages: 1704-1718 Title: Climate shapes the novel plant communities that form after deforestation in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands Volume: 258 Year: 2009 _record_number: 25066 _uuid: a1758ddd-9b12-45b0-88ad-c93a28a70ada reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.07.030 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a1758ddd-9b12-45b0-88ad-c93a28a70ada.yaml identifier: a1758ddd-9b12-45b0-88ad-c93a28a70ada uri: /reference/a1758ddd-9b12-45b0-88ad-c93a28a70ada - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: 'NDMC,' Place Published: 'Lincoln, NE' Publisher: National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC) Title: 'U.S. Drought Monitor: Puerto Rico (August 11, 2015) [web image]' URL: http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/data/pdf/20150811/20150811_pr_trd.pdf Year: 2015 _record_number: 25252 _uuid: a2f804cd-2205-4a60-a85c-4fecf859f904 reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/2d05e314-4fba-40da-919b-1810183001cc href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a2f804cd-2205-4a60-a85c-4fecf859f904.yaml identifier: a2f804cd-2205-4a60-a85c-4fecf859f904 uri: /reference/a2f804cd-2205-4a60-a85c-4fecf859f904 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'CEHI,' Institution: Caribbean Environmental Health Institute (CEHI) Pages: 55 Place Published: 'Castries, St. Lucia' Title: 'Rainwater: Catch it while you can. A handbook on rainwater harvesting in the Caribbean' URL: https://www.caribank.org/uploads/2013/08/em-rainwater-handbook-caribbean.pdf Year: 2009 _record_number: 25109 _uuid: a504a801-f477-497d-86c9-15fc3e319c2c reftype: Report child_publication: /report/rainwater-catch-it-while-you-can-handbook-on-rainwater-harvesting-caribbean href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a504a801-f477-497d-86c9-15fc3e319c2c.yaml identifier: a504a801-f477-497d-86c9-15fc3e319c2c uri: /reference/a504a801-f477-497d-86c9-15fc3e319c2c - attrs: Abstract: 'Reef fish spawning aggregations are attractive and often lucrative to fish but particularly vulnerable to fishing, with many cases of declines or extirpations. While awareness of the risks of aggregation exploitation has grown substantially in the tropical western Atlantic in the last decade, the phenomenon of aggregation-spawning is little known in the vast Indo-Pacific region where few aggregations are managed or monitored, and are rarely considered in marine-protected area designations. Even in the tropical western Atlantic and Caribbean, marine-protected area planning, until recently, did not typically consider spawning aggregations. Available data and analyses of aggregation-fisheries and aggregating species strongly suggest that: (1) the majority of known aggregations that are exploited are yielding declining landings; (2) aggregating species show greatest overall declines in local fisheries when their aggregations are also exploited; (3) from an economic perspective, aggregation fishing may yield lower prices for fish, or aggregations may be more valuable unexploited, as a source of fish for local fisheries or as tourist attractions; (4) hyperstability can mask declines in aggregation-fisheries, based on fishery-dependent data; (5) monitoring of aggregation catches by either fishery-dependent or fishery-independent means is deceptively challenging. There are also possible ecosystem-level consequences of reducing or eliminating spawning aggregations. We conclude that aggregation-fisheries are likely to be sustainable only for limited subsistence-level use, that the precautionary principle should be more widely applied in aggregation-fisheries and that, despite growing interest in aggregations over the last decade, few of the key biological questions necessary for effective management have been, or are being, addressed.' Author: 'Sadovy, Yvonne; Domeier, Michael' DOI: 10.1007/s00338-005-0474-6 Date: June 01 ISSN: 1432-0975 Issue: 2 Journal: Coral Reefs Pages: 254-262 Title: 'Are aggregation-fisheries sustainable? Reef fish fisheries as a case study' Type of Article: journal article Volume: 24 Year: 2005 _record_number: 25003 _uuid: a7116d43-75d7-4d3d-8375-68bb4e68c135 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s00338-005-0474-6 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a7116d43-75d7-4d3d-8375-68bb4e68c135.yaml identifier: a7116d43-75d7-4d3d-8375-68bb4e68c135 uri: /reference/a7116d43-75d7-4d3d-8375-68bb4e68c135