--- - attributes: ~ caption: "This conceptual diagram illustrates the exposure pathways by which climate change could affect human health. Exposure pathways exist within the context of other factors that positively or negatively influence health outcomes (gray side boxes). Key factors that influence vulnerability for individuals are shown in the right box and include social determinants of health and behavioral choices. Key factors that influence vulnerability at larger scales, such as natural and built environments, governance and management, and institutions, are shown in the left box. The extent to which climate change could alter the burden of disease in any location at any point in time will depend not just on the magnitude of local climate change but also on individual and population vulnerability, exposure to changing weather patterns, and capacity to manage risks, which may also be affected by climate change. Source: Balbus et al. 2016.{{< tbib '2' '6b118a80-8335-4c02-91cf-762c8bb14301' >}}" chapter_identifier: human-health create_dt: 2018-04-06T19:09:27 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/human-health/figure/climate-change-and-health.yaml identifier: climate-change-and-health lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 1 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-11-23T14:45:50 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Climate Change and Health uri: /report/nca4/chapter/human-health/figure/climate-change-and-health url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: 'Examples of populations at higher risk of exposure to adverse climate-related health threats are shown along with adaptation measures that can help address disproportionate impacts. When considering the full range of threats from climate change as well as other environmental exposures, these groups are among the most exposed, most sensitive, and have the least individual and community resources to prepare for and respond to health threats. White text indicates the risks faced by those communities, while dark text indicates actions that can be taken to reduce those risks. Source: EPA.' chapter_identifier: human-health create_dt: 2018-03-30T23:52:32 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/human-health/figure/fig--14-x-vulnerable-populations-km2.yaml identifier: fig--14-x-vulnerable-populations-km2 lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 2 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-11-23T14:45:44 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Vulnerable Populations uri: /report/nca4/chapter/human-health/figure/fig--14-x-vulnerable-populations-km2 url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: "These maps shows the locations of hospitals in Charleston County, South Carolina, and Miami-Dade County, Florida, with respect to storm surge inundation for different categories of hurricanes making landfall at high tide. Colors indicate the lowest category hurricane affecting a given location, with darker blue shading indicating areas with the greatest susceptibility to flooding and darker red dots indicating the most vulnerable hospitals. Four of the 38 (11%) hospitals in Miami-Dade County face possible storm surge inundation following a Category 2 hurricane; this could increase to 26 (68%) following a Category 5 hurricane. Charleston hospitals are more exposed to inundation risks. Seven of the 11 (64%) hospitals in Charleston County face possible storm surge inundation following a Category 2; this could increase to 9 (82%) following a Category 4. The impacts of a storm surge will depend on the effectiveness of resilience measures, such as flood walls, deployed by the facilities. Data from National Hurricane Center 2018{{< tbib '152' '6507ef2b-a68a-420c-9aac-cd1d5c0fc210' >}} and the Department of Homeland Security 2018.{{< tbib '153' 'f40f0493-f23a-476c-9900-2dd34eb7fd6a' >}}" chapter_identifier: human-health create_dt: 2017-06-23T15:27:43 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/human-health/figure/hospitals_floodplain_sandy.yaml identifier: hospitals_floodplain_sandy lat_max: 32 lat_min: 25 lon_max: -80 lon_min: -79 ordinal: 3 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-12-03T20:35:18 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Hospitals at Risk from Storm Surge by Tropical Cyclones uri: /report/nca4/chapter/human-health/figure/hospitals_floodplain_sandy url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: "The maps show estimated changes in annual net mortality due to extremely hot and cold days in 49 U.S. cities for 2080–2099 as compared to 1989–2000. Across these cities, the change in mortality is projected to be an additional 9,300 deaths each year under a higher scenario (RCP8.5) and 3,900 deaths each year under a lower scenario (RCP4.5). Assuming a future in which the human health response to extreme temperatures in all 49 cities was equal to that of Dallas today (for example, as a result of availability of air conditioning or physiological adaptation) results in an approximate 50% reduction in these mortality estimates. For example, in Atlanta, an additional 349 people are projected to die from extreme temperatures each year by the end of century under RCP8.5. Assuming residents of Atlanta in 2090 have the adaptive capacity of Dallas residents today, this number is reduced to 128 additional deaths per year. Cities without circles should not be interpreted as having no extreme temperature impact. Data not available for the U.S. Caribbean, Alaska, or Hawai‘i & U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands regions. Source: adapted from EPA 2017.{{< tbib '157' '0b30f1ab-e4c4-4837-aa8b-0e19faccdb94' >}}" chapter_identifier: human-health create_dt: 2018-04-06T19:11:01 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/human-health/figure/projected-extreme-temperature-mortality.yaml identifier: projected-extreme-temperature-mortality lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 4 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-11-23T14:46:00 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Projected Change in Annual Extreme Temperature Mortality uri: /report/nca4/chapter/human-health/figure/projected-extreme-temperature-mortality url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: "Many Indigenous peoples are taking steps to adapt to climate change impacts. You can use the interactive version of this map available at https://biamaps.doi.gov/nca/ to search by activity type, region, and sector and to find more information and links to each project. To provide feedback and add new projects for inclusion in the database, see: https://www.bia.gov/bia/ots/tribal-resilience-program/nca/. Thus far, tribal entities in the Northwest have the highest concentration of climate activities (Ch. 24: Northwest). For other case studies of tribal adaptation activities, see both the Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals’ Tribal Profiles,{{< tbib '1' 'd3ebe118-8e13-4c66-af22-b50a8a707360' >}} and Tribal Case Studies within the U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit. {{< tbib '2' 'aef9a0ac-5050-4f22-8006-45bc1981fba1' >}},{{< tbib '3' '102c643a-31f7-4881-b0cb-74335c20bf6f' >}} Source: Bureau of Indian Affairs." chapter_identifier: tribal-and-indigenous-communities create_dt: 2017-04-05T20:12:03 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/tribal-and-indigenous-communities/figure/chafigure-0-1.yaml identifier: chafigure-0-1 lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 1 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-12-03T20:00:12 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Indigenous Peoples Climate Initiatives and Plans uri: /report/nca4/chapter/tribal-and-indigenous-communities/figure/chafigure-0-1 url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: "Communities’ economic potential and livelihoods rely on infrastructure and the essential services it delivers, and many tribes and Indigenous communities already face acute infrastructure challenges that make them highly vulnerable to climate impacts.{{< tbib '22' '5b754441-464c-49fd-90e8-c184fc2ba1f5' >}} Indigenous peoples along the coasts and in the islands, the Southwest, and Alaska have experienced the most extensive infrastructure-related impacts thus far (Ch. 8: Coastal; Ch. 20: U.S. Caribbean; Ch. 25: Southwest; Ch. 26: Alaska; Ch. 27: Hawaiʻi & Pacific Islands). Source: USGCRP." chapter_identifier: tribal-and-indigenous-communities create_dt: 2017-05-15T20:31:03 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/tribal-and-indigenous-communities/figure/infrastructure-vulnerabilities.yaml identifier: infrastructure-vulnerabilities lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 2 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-11-29T17:04:19 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Infrastructure and Economic Vulnerabilities uri: /report/nca4/chapter/tribal-and-indigenous-communities/figure/infrastructure-vulnerabilities url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: 'These photos show aerial views of (left) Isle de Jean Charles, Louisiana, and (right) Kivalina, Alaska. As projections of sea level rise and coastal inundation are realized, many impacted communities are confronting political, ecological, and existential questions about how to adapt. Photo credits: (left) Ronald Stine; (right) ShoreZone ([CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode)).' chapter_identifier: tribal-and-indigenous-communities create_dt: 2018-04-04T00:57:48 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/tribal-and-indigenous-communities/figure/isle-de-jean-charles--la.yaml identifier: isle-de-jean-charles--la lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 3 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-11-29T17:04:33 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: 'Isle de Jean Charles, LA, and Kivalina, AK' uri: /report/nca4/chapter/tribal-and-indigenous-communities/figure/isle-de-jean-charles--la url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: 'Some tribal communities at risk of displacement from climate change are actively planning whole-community relocation strategies. As part of the resettlement of the tribal community of Isle de Jean Charles, residents are working with the Lowlander Center (a local, nongovernmental organization), the State of Louisiana, and others to finalize a plan that reflects the physical, sociocultural, and economic needs of the community. Photo credit: Louisiana Office of Community Development.' chapter_identifier: tribal-and-indigenous-communities create_dt: 2018-04-04T01:02:44 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/tribal-and-indigenous-communities/figure/community-planning.yaml identifier: community-planning lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 4 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-11-29T17:04:04 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Community Planning uri: /report/nca4/chapter/tribal-and-indigenous-communities/figure/community-planning url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: 'Severe flooding in Thailand in 2011 created significant disruptions of local business operations and global supply chains, resulting in a range of impacts to U.S. business interests. Source: ICF.' chapter_identifier: north-american-and-other-international-effects create_dt: 2018-03-28T18:45:31 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/north-american-and-other-international-effects/figure/global-wheat-price.yaml identifier: global-wheat-price lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 1 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-11-29T18:11:29 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Impact of 2011 Thailand Flooding on U.S. Business Interests uri: /report/nca4/chapter/north-american-and-other-international-effects/figure/global-wheat-price url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: "The Famine Early Warning Systems Network involves a collaboration between U.S. government agencies, other national government ministries, and international partners to collect data and produce analyses of conditions in food-insecure regions and countries. The analyses integrate information on climate, agricultural production, prices, trade, nutrition, and other societal factors to develop scenarios of food security around the world 6 to 12 months in advance. This map shows projections of peak populations in need of emergency food assistance in 2018. Source: adapted from USAID 2018.{{< tbib '58' '00193d52-610b-44b0-8e81-7eeb2fe96d19' >}}" chapter_identifier: north-american-and-other-international-effects create_dt: 2018-03-28T18:03:58 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/north-american-and-other-international-effects/figure/famine-early-warning-system.yaml identifier: famine-early-warning-system lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 2 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-11-23T14:59:18 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Famine Early Warning Systems Network uri: /report/nca4/chapter/north-american-and-other-international-effects/figure/famine-early-warning-system url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: "The U.S. military conducted humanitarian and disaster relief efforts in the aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines in 2013. (upper left) An officer aboard an MH-60R Seahawk helicopter prepares to drop off humanitarian supplies. (upper right) A sailor assists a Philippine nurse in treating a patient's head wound at the Immaculate Conception School refugee camp. (lower left) Residents displaced by the storm fill the cargo hold of a C-17 Globemaster aircraft. (lower right) Sailors aboard the aircraft carrier USS George Washington move a pallet of drinking water across the flight deck. Photo credit: U.S. Department of Defense." chapter_identifier: north-american-and-other-international-effects create_dt: 2018-03-28T17:42:21 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/north-american-and-other-international-effects/figure/typhoon-haiyan.yaml identifier: typhoon-haiyan lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 3 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-11-23T14:59:05 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: U.S. Military Relief Efforts in Response to Typhoon Haiyan uri: /report/nca4/chapter/north-american-and-other-international-effects/figure/typhoon-haiyan url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: "Shown here are examples of climate-related impacts spanning U.S. national borders. (left) The North American Drought Monitor map for June 2011 shows drought conditions along the US–Mexico border. Darker colors indicate greater intensity of drought (the letters A and H indicate agricultural and hydrological drought, respectively). (right) Smoke from Canadian wildfires in 2017 was detected by satellite sensors built to detect aerosols in the atmosphere. The darker orange areas indicate higher concentrations of smoke and hazy conditions moving south from British Columbia to the United States. Sources: (left) adapted from NOAA 2018,{{< tbib '114' 'f0f93d18-3dc9-4a1d-a41f-99ec7020b07e' >}} (right) adapted from NOAA 2018{{< tbib '115' '261fd2fd-96e9-4e5d-af1e-d8f578d7a876' >}})." chapter_identifier: north-american-and-other-international-effects create_dt: 2018-03-28T17:50:10 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/north-american-and-other-international-effects/figure/transboundary.yaml identifier: transboundary lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 4 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-11-23T14:59:11 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Transboundary Climate-Related Impacts uri: /report/nca4/chapter/north-american-and-other-international-effects/figure/transboundary url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: 'Sectors are interacting and interdependent through physical, social, institutional, environmental, and economic linkages. These sectors and the interactions among them are affected by a range of climate-related and non-climate influences. Sources: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Arizona State University, and Cornell University.' chapter_identifier: sectoral-interdependencies-and-compounding-stressors create_dt: 2018-03-27T23:30:14 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/sectoral-interdependencies-and-compounding-stressors/figure/complex-sectoral-interactions.yaml identifier: complex-sectoral-interactions lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 1 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-11-30T20:54:38 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Complex Sectoral Interactions uri: /report/nca4/chapter/sectoral-interdependencies-and-compounding-stressors/figure/complex-sectoral-interactions url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: 'Hurricane Harvey led to widespread flooding and knocked out power to 300,000 customers in Texas in 2017, with cascading effects on critical infrastructure facilities such as hospitals, water and wastewater treatment plants, and refineries. The photo shows Port Arthur, Texas, on August 31, 2017—six days after Hurricane Harvey made landfall along the Gulf Coast. Photo credit: Staff Sgt. Daniel J. Martinez, U.S. Air National Guard.' chapter_identifier: sectoral-interdependencies-and-compounding-stressors create_dt: 2018-04-03T15:40:01 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/sectoral-interdependencies-and-compounding-stressors/figure/hurricane-harvey-flooding.yaml identifier: hurricane-harvey-flooding lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 2 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-11-30T20:54:39 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Hurricane Harvey Flooding uri: /report/nca4/chapter/sectoral-interdependencies-and-compounding-stressors/figure/hurricane-harvey-flooding url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: 'Energy, water, and land systems are interconnected and impacted by both climate-related and non-climate stressors. These influences affect these systems individually as well as the dynamics among these sectors. A multisector perspective is necessary to understand risks and develop response strategies that enhance resilience across multiple systems. Sources: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Arizona State University, and Cornell University.' chapter_identifier: sectoral-interdependencies-and-compounding-stressors create_dt: 2018-03-27T23:30:47 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/sectoral-interdependencies-and-compounding-stressors/figure/energy-water-land-interactions.yaml identifier: energy-water-land-interactions lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 3 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-11-30T20:54:42 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Energy–Water–Land Interactions uri: /report/nca4/chapter/sectoral-interdependencies-and-compounding-stressors/figure/energy-water-land-interactions url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: 'Wildfires pose significant health and economic impacts through interfaces between wildlands and human settlements. Shown here is a wildfire in the Whiskeytown National Recreation Area in California in August 2004. Photo credit: Carol Jandrall, National Park Service.' chapter_identifier: sectoral-interdependencies-and-compounding-stressors create_dt: 2018-04-03T15:39:41 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/sectoral-interdependencies-and-compounding-stressors/figure/wildfire--wildland-urban-interface.yaml identifier: wildfire--wildland-urban-interface lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 4 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-11-30T20:54:45 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Wildfire at the Wildland–Urban Interface uri: /report/nca4/chapter/sectoral-interdependencies-and-compounding-stressors/figure/wildfire--wildland-urban-interface url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: "During the August 2003 blackout, an estimated 50 million people in Canada and the northeastern United States lost power, with cascading impacts on public health and critical infrastructure. These images show (clockwise from upper left): nighttime satellite imagery of the area before the outage; the same view during the blackout; people walking on the Manhattan Bridge; and passengers being evacuated from a subway train on the Manhattan Bridge during the outage. Image credits: (top) NOAA; (bottom left) Jack Szwergold (CC BY-NC 2.0); (bottom right) Eric Skiff (CC BY-SA 2.0)." chapter_identifier: sectoral-interdependencies-and-compounding-stressors create_dt: 2018-04-03T15:40:16 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/sectoral-interdependencies-and-compounding-stressors/figure/northeast-blackout-news-cover.yaml identifier: northeast-blackout-news-cover lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 5 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-11-30T20:54:47 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Northeast Blackout uri: /report/nca4/chapter/sectoral-interdependencies-and-compounding-stressors/figure/northeast-blackout-news-cover url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: 'A satellite mosaic overlaid with primary roads and population density highlights the diverse characteristics of the region in terms of settlement patterns, interconnections among population centers of varying sizes, and variability in relief across the ocean shelf. Sources: U.S. Department of Transportation, U.S. Geological Survey, and ERT, Inc.' chapter_identifier: northeast create_dt: 2017-08-18T17:56:43 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/northeast/figure/population-density.yaml identifier: population-density lat_max: 47 lat_min: 37 lon_max: -67 lon_min: -83 ordinal: 1 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-12-03T19:43:24 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Population Density uri: /report/nca4/chapter/northeast/figure/population-density url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: 'The photo shows a subway air vent with a multiuse raised flood protection grate that was installed as part of the post–Superstorm Sandy coastal resilience efforts on West Broadway in lower Manhattan, New York City. Photo credit: William Solecki.' chapter_identifier: northeast create_dt: 2018-03-31T14:56:57 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/northeast/figure/subway-air-vent-flood-protection.yaml identifier: subway-air-vent-flood-protection lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 10 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-12-03T17:38:24 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Subway Air Vent Flood Protection uri: /report/nca4/chapter/northeast/figure/subway-air-vent-flood-protection url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information - attributes: ~ caption: "This figure shows the observed and projected impacts of excess heat on emergency room visits in Rhode Island. (left) In Rhode Island, maximum daily temperatures in the summer have trended upwards over the last 60 years, such that residents experienced about three more weeks of health-threatening hot weather over 2015–2016 than in the 1950s. (middle) A recent study looking at visits to hospital emergency rooms (ERs) found that the incidence rate of heat-related ER visits rose sharply as maximum daily temperatures climbed above 80°F. (right) The study estimates that with continued climate change, Rhode Islanders could experience an additional 400 (6.8% more) heat-related ER visits each year by 2050 and up to an additional 1,500 (24.4% more) such visits each year by 2095 under the higher scenario (RCP8.5). About 1,000 fewer annual heat-related ER visits are projected for the end of the century under the lower scenario (RCP4.5) compared to the higher scenario (RCP8.5), reflecting the estimated health benefits of adhering to a lower greenhouse gas emissions scenario. Sources: (left) Brown University; (middle, right) adapted from Kingsley et al. 2016.{{< tbib '26' 'ec9926c5-6257-49b3-8bfd-c9a02c0bf75b' >}} Reproduced from Environmental Health Perspectives." chapter_identifier: northeast create_dt: 2017-09-13T19:41:19 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca4/chapter/northeast/figure/ri-extreme-heat-case-study.yaml identifier: ri-extreme-heat-case-study lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 11 report_identifier: nca4 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: 2018-12-03T17:38:26 time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Observed and Projected Impacts of Excess Heat on Emergency Room Visits in Rhode Island uri: /report/nca4/chapter/northeast/figure/ri-extreme-heat-case-study url: ~ usage_limits: Figure may be copyright protected and permission may be required. Contact original figure source for information