---
arrays:
  - identifier: aefce8fc-c7f1-43f9-9f6b-7b1b9153496d
    rows:
      -
        - Foodborne Hazard
        - Symptoms
        - 'Estimated Annual Illnesses, Hospital Visits, and Deaths'
        - Temperature / Humidity Relationship
        - Other Climate Drivers
      -
        - Norovirus
        - 'Vomiting, non-bloody diarrhea with abdominal pain, nausea, aches, low-grade fever'
        - '5,500,000 illnesses; 15,000 hospitalizations; 150 deaths'
        - Pathogens Favoring Colder / Dryer Conditions
        - Extreme weather events (such as heavy precipitation and flooding)
      -
        - Listeria monocytogene
        - 'Fever, muscle aches, and, rarely, diarrhea. Intensive infection can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, premature delivery, or life-threatening infections (meningitis).'
        - '1,600 illnesses; 1,500 hospitalizations; 260 deaths'
        - ''
        - ''
      -
        - Toxoplasma
        - 'Minimal to mild illness with fever, serious illness in rare cases. Inflammation of the brain and infection of other organs, birth defects.'
        - '87,000 illnesses; 4,400 hospitalizations; 330 deaths'
        - ''
        - ''
      -
        - Campylobacter
        - 'Diarrhea, cramping, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. In serious cases can be life-threatening.'
        - '87,000 illnesses; 850,000 illnesses; 8,500 hospitalizations; 76 deaths'
        - ''
        - 'Changes in the timing or length of seasons, precipitation and flooding'
      -
        - Salmonella spp. (non-typhoidal)
        - 'Diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps; in severe cases death.'
        - '1,000,000 illnesses; 19,000 hospitalizations; 380 deaths'
        - Pathogens Favoring Warmer / Wetter Conditions
        - 'Extreme weather events, changes in the timing or length of seasons'
      -
        - Vibrio vulnificus and parahaemolyticus
        - 'When ingested: watery diarrhea often with abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, fever and chills. Can cause liver disease. When exposed to an open wound: infection of the skin'
        - '35,000 illnesses; 190 hospitalizations; 40 deaths'
        - ''
        - 'Sea surface temperature, extreme weather events'
      -
        - Escherichia coli (E. coli)
        - 'E. coli usually causes mild diarrhea. More severe pathogenic types, such as enterohemorrhagic E. Coli (EHEC), are associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome (a toxin causing destruction of red blood cells, leading to kidney failure).'
        - '200,000 illnesses; 2,400 hospitalizations; 20 deaths'
        - ''
        - 'Extreme weather events, changes in the timing or length of seasons'
    rows_in_header: 1
caption: 'Adapted from Scallan et al. 2011<tbib>a43f4e92-7a5e-4f80-a715-dae981a210a0</tbib>; Akil et al. 2014<tbib>0ad0a878-82e3-4980-ae61-7341036f50aa</tbib>; Kim et al. 2015<tbib>84097f67-e3ee-4293-a657-b7f7d2b91e29</tbib>; Lal et al. 2012<tbib>d429eeff-a10c-42e2-861e-5ce4506d77cf</tbib>'
chapter:
  doi: 10.7930/J0ZP4417
  identifier: food-safety-nutrition-and-distribution
  number: 7
  report_identifier: usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016
  sort_key: 70
  title: 'Food Safety, Nutrition, and Distribution'
  url: https://health2016.globalchange.gov/food-safety-nutrition-and-distribution
chapter_identifier: food-safety-nutrition-and-distribution
cited_by: []
contributors: []
files: []
gcmd_keywords: []
href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/food-safety-nutrition-and-distribution/table/annual-foodborne-illnesses-deaths.yaml
identifier: annual-foodborne-illnesses-deaths
ordinal: 1
parents: []
references:
  - href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/0ad0a878-82e3-4980-ae61-7341036f50aa.yaml
    uri: /reference/0ad0a878-82e3-4980-ae61-7341036f50aa
  - href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/84097f67-e3ee-4293-a657-b7f7d2b91e29.yaml
    uri: /reference/84097f67-e3ee-4293-a657-b7f7d2b91e29
  - href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a43f4e92-7a5e-4f80-a715-dae981a210a0.yaml
    uri: /reference/a43f4e92-7a5e-4f80-a715-dae981a210a0
  - href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/d429eeff-a10c-42e2-861e-5ce4506d77cf.yaml
    uri: /reference/d429eeff-a10c-42e2-861e-5ce4506d77cf
regions: []
report_identifier: usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016
title: Estimated annual number of foodborne illnesses and deaths in the United States
uri: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/food-safety-nutrition-and-distribution/table/annual-foodborne-illnesses-deaths
url: ~