---
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  .reference_type: 0
  Abstract: 'In response to a major influx of freshwater to the Mississippi Sound following the opening of the Bonnet Carre Spillway, water samples were collected from three sites along the Mississippi shoreline to assess the impact of altered salinity on three pathogenic Vibrio species. Salinity readings across the affected area during the 2011 sample period ranged from 1.4 to 12.9 ppt (mean = 7.0) and for the 2012 sample period from 14.1 to 23.6 ppt (mean = 19.8). Analyses of the data collected in 2011 showed a reduction in densities of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus with a concurrent increase of Vibrio cholerae numbers, with V. cholerae becoming the only Vibrio detected once salinity readings dropped to 6 ppt. Follow-up samples taken in 2012 after recovery of the salinity in the sound showed that the relative densities of the three pathogenic vibrios had reverted back to normal levels. This study shows that although the spillway was open but a few weeks and the effects were therefore time limited, the Mississippi River water had a profound, if temporary, effect on Vibrio ecology in the Mississippi Sound.'
  Author: 'Griffitt, K. J.; Grimes, D. J.'
  DOI: 10.1007/s00248-013-0203-6
  Date: Apr
  ISSN: 1432-184X
  Issue: 3
  Journal: Microbial Ecology
  Keywords: Ecosystem; Rivers/chemistry/*microbiology; Salinity; Sodium Chloride/analysis/metabolism; Vibrio cholerae/*growth & development/isolation & purification/metabolism; Vibrio parahaemolyticus/growth & development/isolation & purification/metabolism; Vibrio vulnificus/*growth & development/isolation & purification/metabolism
  Language: eng
  Notes: "1432-184x Griffitt, Kimberly J Grimes, D Jay Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. United States Microb Ecol. 2013 Apr;65(3):578-83. doi: 10.1007/s00248-013-0203-6. Epub 2013 Mar 14."
  Pages: 578-583
  Title: 'Abundance and Distribution of Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus Following a Major Freshwater Intrusion into the Mississippi Sound'
  Volume: 65
  Year: 2013
  _record_number: 18424
  _uuid: 1f3d783b-8f2b-484e-b391-ed42bf98b195
  reftype: Journal Article
child_publication: /article/10.1007/s00248-013-0203-6
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publications:
  - /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/water-related-illnesses
  - /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016
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