uri,href,identifier,attrs.Abstract,attrs.Author,attrs.Date,attrs.ISSN,attrs.Issue,attrs.Journal,attrs.Keywords,attrs.PMID,attrs.Pages,attrs.Title,attrs.URL,attrs.Volume,attrs.Year,attrs.\.reference_type,attrs._chapter,attrs._record_number,attrs._uuid,attrs.reftype,child_publication
/reference/a4d671c3-8df4-4bc3-9c1e-ac340b9b2da5,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a4d671c3-8df4-4bc3-9c1e-ac340b9b2da5,a4d671c3-8df4-4bc3-9c1e-ac340b9b2da5,"Heat illness during practice or competition is a leading cause of death and disability among U.S. high school athletes. An estimated 7.5 million students participate in high school sports annually. To examine the incidence and characteristics of heat illness among high school athletes, CDC analyzed data from the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study for the period 2005-2009, which includes the 2005-06, 2006-07, 2007-08 and 2008-09 school years. During 2005-2009, the 100 schools sampled reported a total of 118 heat illnesses among high school athletes resulting in >or=1 days of time lost from athletic activity (i.e., time-loss heat illness), a rate of 1.6 per 100,000 athlete-exposures and an average of 29.5 time-loss heat illnesses per school year. The average corresponds to a weighted average annual estimate of 9,237 illnesses nationwide. The highest rate of time-loss heat illness was among football players, 4.5 per 100,000 athlete-exposures, a rate 10 times higher than the average rate (0.4) for the eight other sports. Time-loss heat illnesses occurred most frequently during August (66.3%) and while practicing or playing football (70.7%). No deaths were reported. Consistent with guidelines from the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA), to reduce the risk for heat illness, high school athletic programs should implement heat-acclimatization guidelines (e.g., set limits on summer practice duration and intensity). All athletes, coaches, athletic trainers, and parents/guardians should be aware of the risk factors for heat illness, follow recommended strategies, and be prepared to respond quickly to symptoms of illness. Coaches also should continue to stress to their athletes the importance of maintaining proper hydration before, during, and after sports activities.","Gilchrist, J.; Haileyesus, T.; Murphy, M.; Comstock, R.D.; Collins, C.; McIlvain, N.; Yard, E.","Aug 20",1545-861X,32,"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","Absenteeism; Acclimatization; Athletes/*statistics & numerical data; Dehydration/epidemiology; Female; Guidelines as Topic; Heat Stress Disorders/*epidemiology; Hot Temperature; Humans; Incidence; Male; *Population Surveillance; *Sports; Students/*statistics & numerical data; United States/epidemiology",20724966,1009-1013,"Heat illness among high school athletes - United States, 2005-2009",http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5932a1.htm,59,2010,0,Ch9,16391,a4d671c3-8df4-4bc3-9c1e-ac340b9b2da5,"Journal Article",/article/pmid-20724966
/reference/a522cfd0-4f80-4152-b63b-fe5104161303,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a522cfd0-4f80-4152-b63b-fe5104161303,a522cfd0-4f80-4152-b63b-fe5104161303,,"Cheruvelil, J.J.; Barton, B.",,,,,,,12,"Adapting to the Effects of Climate Change on Wild Rice",,,2013,10,,18241,a522cfd0-4f80-4152-b63b-fe5104161303,Report,/report/adapting-effects-climate-change-on-wild-rice
/reference/a52668d8-0468-4b90-9b62-c32a86cae478,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a52668d8-0468-4b90-9b62-c32a86cae478,a52668d8-0468-4b90-9b62-c32a86cae478,"The prevalence of allergic respiratory diseases such as bronchial asthma has increased in recent years, especially in industrialized countries. A change in the genetic predisposition is an unlikely cause of the increase in allergic diseases because genetic changes in a population require several generations. Consequently, this increase may be explained by changes in environmental factors, including indoor and outdoor air pollution. Over the past two decades, there has been increasing interest in studies of air pollution and its effects on human health. Although the role played by outdoor pollutants in allergic sensitization of the airways has yet to be clarified, a body of evidence suggests that urbanization, with its high levels of vehicle emissions, and a westernized lifestyle are linked to the rising frequency of respiratory allergic diseases observed in most industrialized countries, and there is considerable evidence that asthmatic persons are at increased risk of developing asthma exacerbations with exposure to ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and inhalable particulate matter. However, it is not easy to evaluate the impact of air pollution on the timing of asthma exacerbations and on the prevalence of asthma in general. As concentrations of airborne allergens and air pollutants are frequently increased contemporaneously, an enhanced IgE-mediated response to aeroallergens and enhanced airway inflammation could account for the increasing frequency of allergic respiratory allergy and bronchial asthma. Pollinosis is frequently used to study the interrelationship between air pollution and respiratory allergy. Climatic factors (temperature, wind speed, humidity, thunderstorms, etc) can affect both components (biological and chemical) of this interaction. By attaching to the surface of pollen grains and of plant-derived particles of paucimicronic size, pollutants could modify not only the morphology of these antigen-carrying agents but also their allergenic potential. In addition, by inducing airway inflammation, which increases airway permeability, pollutants overcome the mucosal barrier and could be able to ""prime"" allergen-induced responses. There are also observations that a thunderstorm occurring during pollen season can induce severe asthma attacks in pollinosis patients. After rupture by thunderstorm, pollen grains may release part of their cytoplasmic content, including inhalable, allergen-carrying paucimicronic particles.","D’Amato, G.; Liccardi, G.; D’Amato, M.; Holgate, S.",Sep,1365-2222,9,"Clinical & Experimental Allergy","Air Pollutants/*adverse effects; Asthma/*etiology/*immunology; Bronchi/immunology; Cities; *Environmental Exposure; Humans; Lightning; Pollen; Risk Factors; Smog; Vehicle Emissions",,1113-1124,"Environmental risk factors and allergic bronchial asthma",,35,2005,0,,18457,a52668d8-0468-4b90-9b62-c32a86cae478,"Journal Article",/article/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02328.x
/reference/a53b7e18-729e-4579-a628-3c8927ba18fd,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a53b7e18-729e-4579-a628-3c8927ba18fd,a53b7e18-729e-4579-a628-3c8927ba18fd,,"Draut, Amy E.; Hiza Redsteer, Margaret; Amoroso, Lee",,,,,"aeolian sand; dunes; climate change; desert; vegetation; Navajo",,51-60,"Recent seasonal variations in arid landscape cover and aeolian sand mobility, Navajo Nation, southwestern United States",,,2013,7,,18246,a53b7e18-729e-4579-a628-3c8927ba18fd,"Book Section",/book/dbe54a28-8bfd-4b9a-a9e6-a1726e5359aa
/reference/a55f40a6-1c15-42ca-b64f-e902136b9a3f,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a55f40a6-1c15-42ca-b64f-e902136b9a3f,a55f40a6-1c15-42ca-b64f-e902136b9a3f,,"Chitra, T.V.; Panicker, Seetha",,,,"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases",,,210-213,"Maternal and fetal outcome of dengue fever during pregnancy",http://www.mrcindia.org/journal/issues/484210.pdf,48,2011,0,,19240,a55f40a6-1c15-42ca-b64f-e902136b9a3f,"Journal Article",/article/pmid-22297282
/reference/a5793709-2718-458d-9ea3-aa895daf1c31,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a5793709-2718-458d-9ea3-aa895daf1c31,a5793709-2718-458d-9ea3-aa895daf1c31,,"Enarson, Elaine; Fothergill, A.; Peek, L.",,,,,,,130-146,"Gender and disaster: Foundations and directions",,,2007,7,,19361,a5793709-2718-458d-9ea3-aa895daf1c31,"Book Section",/book/4b80a290-2722-48f4-b028-dd54d4408835
/reference/a5b5448f-6f88-4e74-a3a9-2f34aab42ecb,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a5b5448f-6f88-4e74-a3a9-2f34aab42ecb,a5b5448f-6f88-4e74-a3a9-2f34aab42ecb,"Evidence suggests that allergic respiratory diseases such as hay fever and bronchial asthma have become more common world-wide in the last two decades, and the reasons for this increase are still largely unknown. A major responsible factor could be outdoor air pollution, derived from cars and other vehicles. Studies have demonstrated that urbanization and high levels of vehicle emissions and westernized lifestyle is correlated with the increasing frequency of pollen-induced respiratory allergy. People who live in urban areas tend to be more affected by pollen-induced respiratory allergy than those from of rural areas. Pollen allergy has been one of the most frequent models used to study the interrelationship between air pollution and respiratory allergic diseases. Pollen grains or plant-derived paucimicronic components carry allergens that can produce allergic symptoms. They may also interact with air pollution (particulate matter, ozone) in producing these effects. There is evidence that air pollutants may promote airway sensitization by modulating the allergenicity of airborne allergens. Furthermore, airway mucosal damage and impaired mucociliary clearance induced by air pollution may facilitate the access of inhaled allergens to the cells of the immune system. In addition, vegetation reacts with air pollution and environmental conditions and influence the plant allergenicity. Several factors influence this interaction, including type of air pollutants, plant species, nutrient balance, climatic factors, degree of airway sensitization and hyperresponsiveness of exposed subjects.","D’Amato, G.; Liccardi, G.; D’Amato, M.; Cazzola, M.",Jul,0954-6111,7,"Respiratory Medicine","Air Pollution/*adverse effects; Allergens/adverse effects; Asthma/*etiology; *Climate; Humans; Hypersensitivity/*etiology; Immunoglobulin E/immunology; Pollen/adverse effects; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/*etiology; Urban Health",,606-611,"The role of outdoor air pollution and climatic changes on the rising trends in respiratory allergy",,95,2001,0,,18456,a5b5448f-6f88-4e74-a3a9-2f34aab42ecb,"Journal Article",/article/10.1053/rmed.2001.1112
/reference/a5c47ded-9ce3-4075-b4d4-c5c3ce9036cd,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a5c47ded-9ce3-4075-b4d4-c5c3ce9036cd,a5c47ded-9ce3-4075-b4d4-c5c3ce9036cd,,"Ostro, B.
Rauch, S.
Green, S.",,0013-9351,8,"Environmental Research",,,1258-1264,"Quantifying the health impacts of future changes in temperature in California",,111,2011,0,"[""Ch. 20: Southwest FINAL""]",2382,a5c47ded-9ce3-4075-b4d4-c5c3ce9036cd,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/j.envres.2011.08.013
/reference/a5d4557b-2340-45c2-89cd-4c2bc5e9d720,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a5d4557b-2340-45c2-89cd-4c2bc5e9d720,a5d4557b-2340-45c2-89cd-4c2bc5e9d720,,"Nichols, G.
Lane, C.
Asgari, N.
Verlander, N. Q.
Charlett, A.",Mar,1477-8920,1,"Journal of Water and Health","Cross-Over Studies; Disease Outbreaks; England/epidemiology; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/ epidemiology; Humans; Protozoan Infections/ epidemiology; Rain; Wales/epidemiology; Water Supply",,1-8,"Rainfall and outbreaks of drinking water related disease and in England and Wales",http://www.iwaponline.com/jwh/007/0001/0070001.pdf,7,2009,0,"[""Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL"",""Overview""]",2217,a5d4557b-2340-45c2-89cd-4c2bc5e9d720,"Journal Article",/article/10.2166/wh.2009.143
/reference/a5db04e0-2a4f-4ddf-af07-a64797095d8e,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a5db04e0-2a4f-4ddf-af07-a64797095d8e,a5db04e0-2a4f-4ddf-af07-a64797095d8e,,"Little, B.; Gill, J.; Schulte, J.; Young, S.; Horton, J.; Harris, L.; Batts-Osborne, D.; Sanchez, C.; Malilay, J.; Bayleyegn, T.",,1545-861X,36,"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report",,15371964,837-840,"Rapid assessment of the needs and health status of older adults after Hurricane Charley--Charlotte, DeSoto, and Hardee Counties, Florida, August 27-31, 2004",http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5336a2.htm,53,2004,0,,16504,a5db04e0-2a4f-4ddf-af07-a64797095d8e,"Journal Article",/article/pmid-15371964
/reference/a5f75b63-4977-4c43-a505-94dc6240702e,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a5f75b63-4977-4c43-a505-94dc6240702e,a5f75b63-4977-4c43-a505-94dc6240702e,,"Brunner, Jesse L.; Killilea, Mary; Ostfeld, Richard S.",,1938-2928,5,"Journal of Medical Entomology",,,981-987,"Overwintering survival of nymphal Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) under natural conditions",,49,2012,0,,18338,a5f75b63-4977-4c43-a505-94dc6240702e,"Journal Article",/article/10.1603/me12060
/reference/a60573de-1021-46ad-bae3-327bc614650d,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a60573de-1021-46ad-bae3-327bc614650d,a60573de-1021-46ad-bae3-327bc614650d,,WHO,,,,,,,257,"Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance",http://www.who.int/drugresistance/documents/surveillancereport/en/,,2014,10,,18316,a60573de-1021-46ad-bae3-327bc614650d,Report,/report/antimicrobial-resistance-global-report-on-surveillance
/reference/a62a17de-608a-4573-9afd-c593e0966f7a,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a62a17de-608a-4573-9afd-c593e0966f7a,a62a17de-608a-4573-9afd-c593e0966f7a,"A widely held concern is that the pace of infectious disease emergence has been increasing. We have analyzed the rate of discovery of pathogenic viruses, the preeminent source of newly discovered causes of human disease, from 1897 through 2010. The rate was highest during 1950-1969, after which it moderated. This general picture masks two distinct trends: for arthropod-borne viruses, which comprised 39% of pathogenic viruses, the discovery rate peaked at three per year during 1960-1969, but subsequently fell nearly to zero by 1980; however, the rate of discovery of nonarboviruses remained stable at about two per year from 1950 through 2010. The period of highest arbovirus discovery coincided with a comprehensive program supported by The Rockefeller Foundation of isolating viruses from humans, animals, and arthropod vectors at field stations in Latin America, Africa, and India. The productivity of this strategy illustrates the importance of location, approach, long-term commitment, and sponsorship in the discovery of emerging pathogens.","Rosenberg, R.; Johansson, M. A.; Powers, A. M.; Miller, B. R.","Aug 20",1091-6490,34,"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","Animals; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/*epidemiology/virology; Disease Vectors; Geography; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Virology/*history; Virus Diseases/*epidemiology/history; Viruses/classification/*isolation & purification; Zoonoses/*epidemiology/virology",,13961-13964,"Search strategy has influenced the discovery rate of human viruses",,110,2013,0,,18032,a62a17de-608a-4573-9afd-c593e0966f7a,"Journal Article",/article/10.1073/pnas.1307243110
/reference/a63cc83e-0b3a-4b65-9c44-76e80f23dab3,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a63cc83e-0b3a-4b65-9c44-76e80f23dab3,a63cc83e-0b3a-4b65-9c44-76e80f23dab3,,"Laidler, G.J.
Ford, J.D.
Gough, W.A.
Ikummaq, T.
Gagnon, A.S.
Kowal, S.
Qrunnut, K.
Irngaut, C.",,0165-0009,3,"Climatic Change",,,363-397,"Travelling and hunting in a changing Arctic: Assessing Inuit vulnerability to sea ice change in Igloolik, Nunavut",,94,2009,0,"[""Ch. 12: Indigenous FINAL"",""Ch. 1: Overview FINAL""]",1688,a63cc83e-0b3a-4b65-9c44-76e80f23dab3,"Journal Article",/article/10.1007/s10584-008-9512-z
/reference/a6491512-ba32-470d-934e-44c3b13d8b96,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a6491512-ba32-470d-934e-44c3b13d8b96,a6491512-ba32-470d-934e-44c3b13d8b96,"BACKGROUND: Most heat-related deaths occur in cities, and future trends in global climate change and urbanization may amplify this trend. Understanding how neighborhoods affect heat mortality fills an important gap between studies of individual susceptibility to heat and broadly comparative studies of temperature-mortality relationships in cities. OBJECTIVES: We estimated neighborhood effects of population characteristics and built and natural environments on deaths due to heat exposure in Maricopa County, Arizona (2000-2008). METHODS: We used 2000 U.S. Census data and remotely sensed vegetation and land surface temperature to construct indicators of neighborhood vulnerability and a geographic information system to map vulnerability and residential addresses of persons who died from heat exposure in 2,081 census block groups. Binary logistic regression and spatial analysis were used to associate deaths with neighborhoods. RESULTS: Neighborhood scores on three factors-socioeconomic vulnerability, elderly/isolation, and unvegetated area-varied widely throughout the study area. The preferred model (based on fit and parsimony) for predicting the odds of one or more deaths from heat exposure within a census block group included the first two factors and surface temperature in residential neighborhoods, holding population size constant. Spatial analysis identified clusters of neighborhoods with the highest heat vulnerability scores. A large proportion of deaths occurred among people, including homeless persons, who lived in the inner cores of the largest cities and along an industrial corridor. CONCLUSIONS: Place-based indicators of vulnerability complement analyses of person-level heat risk factors. Surface temperature might be used in Maricopa County to identify the most heat-vulnerable neighborhoods, but more attention to the socioecological complexities of climate adaptation is needed.","Harlan, S. L.; Declet-Barreto, J. H.; Stefanov, W. L.; Petitti, D. B.",Feb,1552-9924,2,"Environmental Health Perspectives","Arizona/epidemiology; Female; Geographic Information Systems; Heat Stress Disorders/ mortality; Humans; Male; Residence Characteristics; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors",,197-204,"Neighborhood effects on heat deaths: Social and environmental predictors of vulnerability in Maricopa County, Arizona",,121,2013,0,,4523,a6491512-ba32-470d-934e-44c3b13d8b96,"Journal Article",/article/10.1289/ehp.1104625
/reference/a667ff49-77d6-4ad6-ba23-b51d12f4f747,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a667ff49-77d6-4ad6-ba23-b51d12f4f747,a667ff49-77d6-4ad6-ba23-b51d12f4f747,,"Anderson, C.A.",,,,,,,128-132,"Climate change and violence",,,2012,7,,18051,a667ff49-77d6-4ad6-ba23-b51d12f4f747,"Book Section",/book/b37b24a1-1ec1-44fa-b934-3aff1ea29410
/reference/a669a821-a3b9-4f32-85f6-5ee36fd23545,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a669a821-a3b9-4f32-85f6-5ee36fd23545,a669a821-a3b9-4f32-85f6-5ee36fd23545,,"Pope, C. Arden, III; Burnett, Richard T.; Thun, Michael J.; Calle, Eugenia E.; Krewski, Daniel; Ito, Kazuhiko; Thurston, George D.",,0098-7484,9,"JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association",,,1132-1141,"Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution",,287,2002,0,Ch9,17875,a669a821-a3b9-4f32-85f6-5ee36fd23545,"Journal Article",/article/10.1001/jama.287.9.1132
/reference/a6714dce-b324-4324-a88e-d31d31fa2d95,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a6714dce-b324-4324-a88e-d31d31fa2d95,a6714dce-b324-4324-a88e-d31d31fa2d95,,"Anderson, G.B.
Bell, M.L.",,1552-9924,2,"Environmental Health Perspectives",,,210-218,"Heat waves in the United States: Mortality risk during heat waves and effect modification by heat wave characteristics in 43 U.S. communities",,119,2011,0,"[""Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL"",""Ch. 18: Midwest FINAL""]",837,a6714dce-b324-4324-a88e-d31d31fa2d95,"Journal Article",/article/10.1289/ehp.1002313
/reference/a67e8ff1-028b-4ded-8f09-cabc0c870b12,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a67e8ff1-028b-4ded-8f09-cabc0c870b12,a67e8ff1-028b-4ded-8f09-cabc0c870b12,"Nucleic acid testing (NAT) of blood donors provides opportunities for identifying West Nile virus (WNV)-infected persons before symptoms develop and for characterizing subsequent illness. From June 2003 through 2008, the American Red Cross performed follow-up interviews with and additional laboratory testing for 1436 donors whose donations had initial test results that were reactive for WNV RNA; 821 of the donors were subsequently confirmed to have WNV infection, and the remainder were unconfirmed or determined to have false-positive results. Symptoms attributed to WNV infection were determined by comparing symptom frequency among 576 donors identified with early WNV infection (immunoglobulin M antibody negative) and those with unconfirmed infection. We estimate that 26% of WNV-infected persons become symptomatic, defined by the presence of at least 3 of 8 indicator symptoms. Nearly one-half of symptomatic persons sought medical care; only 5% received a diagnosis of WNV infection. Female subjects and persons with higher viral loads detected in the index donation were more likely than other subjects to develop symptoms.","Zou, S.; Foster, G. A.; Dodd, R. Y.; Petersen, L. R.; Stramer, S. L.","Nov 1",1537-6613,9,"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","Adult; Aged; *Blood Donors; Female; Humans; Male; *Mass Screening; Middle Aged; RNA, Viral/*blood; United States; Viral Load; West Nile Fever/*diagnosis/*pathology; West Nile virus/*genetics",,1354-1361,"West Nile fever characteristics among viremic persons identified through blood donor screening",,202,2010,0,,18046,a67e8ff1-028b-4ded-8f09-cabc0c870b12,"Journal Article",/article/10.1086/656602
/reference/a6856e1f-e371-40f1-83d0-bce369e2289f,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a6856e1f-e371-40f1-83d0-bce369e2289f,a6856e1f-e371-40f1-83d0-bce369e2289f,,"Berner, J.; Furgal, C.; Bjerregaard, P.; Bradley, M.; Curtis, T.; De Fabo, E.; Hassi, J.; Keatinge, W.; Kvernmo, S.; Nayha, S.; Rintamaki, H.; Warren, J.",,,,,"Human health",,863-906,"Ch. 15: Human Health",http://www.acia.uaf.edu/PDFs/ACIA_Science_Chapters_Final/ACIA_Ch15_Final.pdf,,2005,7,"[""Ch. 22: Alaska FINAL""]",860,a6856e1f-e371-40f1-83d0-bce369e2289f,"Book Section",/report/acia-2005
/reference/a6a312ba-6fd1-4006-9a60-45112db52190,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a6a312ba-6fd1-4006-9a60-45112db52190,a6a312ba-6fd1-4006-9a60-45112db52190,,"Walsh, John
Wuebbles, Donald
Hayhoe, Katharine
Kossin, James
Kunkel, Kenneth
Stephens, Graeme
Thorne, Peter
Vose, Russell
Wehner, Michael
Willis, Josh
Anderson, David
Doney, Scott
Feely, Richard
Hennon, Paula
Kharin, Viatcheslav
Knutson, Thomas
Landerer, Felix
Lenton, Tim
Kennedy, John
Somerville, Richard",,,,,,,19-67,"Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate",http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/our-changing-climate/introduction,,2014,7,"[""Ch. 0: About this Report FINAL""]",4713,a6a312ba-6fd1-4006-9a60-45112db52190,"Book Section",/report/nca3/chapter/our-changing-climate
/reference/a6b988e1-7555-4e48-beac-441d2baba77f,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a6b988e1-7555-4e48-beac-441d2baba77f,a6b988e1-7555-4e48-beac-441d2baba77f,,"Ruckelshaus, M.
Doney, S. C.
Galindo, H. M.
Barry, J. P.
Chan, F.
Duffy, J. E.
English, C. A.
Gaines, S. D.
Grebmeier, J. M.
Hollowed, A. B.
Knowlton, N.
Polovina, J.
Rabalais, N. N.
Sydeman, W. J.
Talley, L. D.",,0308-597X,,"Marine Policy","Ecosystem services
Climate adaptation
Coastal hazards
Fisheries
Tourism
Trade-offs",,154-159,"Securing ocean benefits for society in the face of climate change",,40,2013,0,"[""Ch. 25: Coastal Zone FINAL"",""RG 10 Coasts""]",3792,a6b988e1-7555-4e48-beac-441d2baba77f,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/j.marpol.2013.01.009
/reference/a6c9e6ee-1d23-476b-b7f7-d01298aaf63e,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a6c9e6ee-1d23-476b-b7f7-d01298aaf63e,a6c9e6ee-1d23-476b-b7f7-d01298aaf63e,,"Wong, Craig S.; Mooney, Jody C.; Brandt, John R.; Staples, Amy O.; Jelacic, Srdjan; Boster, Daniel R.; Watkins, Sandra L.; Tarr, Phillip I.",,1537-6591,1,"Clinical Infectious Diseases",,,33-41,"Risk Factors for the Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Children Infected With Escherichia coli O157:H7: A Multivariable Analysis",,55,2012,0,,19363,a6c9e6ee-1d23-476b-b7f7-d01298aaf63e,"Journal Article",/article/10.1093/cid/cis299
/reference/a6df72ec-80b2-41a6-bf51-fc140a0cb24e,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a6df72ec-80b2-41a6-bf51-fc140a0cb24e,a6df72ec-80b2-41a6-bf51-fc140a0cb24e,"BACKGROUND: Comorbidity of depression, heart disease, and migraine has been observed in clinical practice, while ambient air pollution has been identified among different risk factors for these health conditions. Suicide attempts and ideations as the result of depression may be linked to air pollution exposure. Therefore the effects of ambient air pollution on emergency department (ED) visits for suicide attempts were investigated. METHODS: Emergency visit data were collected in a hospital in Vancouver, Canada. The generalized linear mixed models technique was applied in the analysis of these data. A natural hierarchical structure of the data was used to define the clusters, with days nested in a 3-level structure (day of week, month, year). Poisson models were fitted to the clustered counts of ED visits with a single air pollutant, temperature and relative humidity. In addition, the case-crossover methodology was used with the same data for comparison. The analysis was performed by gender (all, males, females) and month (all: January-December, warm: April-September, cold: October-March). RESULTS: Both hierarchical and case-crossover methods confirmed positive and statistically significant associations among carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), sulphur dioxide (SO(2)), and particulate matter (PM(10)) for all suicide attempts in the cold period. The largest increase was observed for males in the cold period for a 1-day lagged exposure to NO(2), with an excess risk of 23.9% (95% CI: 7.8, 42.4) and odds ratio of 1.21 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.41). In warm months the associations were not statistically significant, and the highest positive value was obtained for ozone lagged by 1 day. CONCLUSION: The results indicate a potential association between air pollution and emergency department visits for suicide attempts.","Szyszkowicz, M.; Willey, J. B.; Grafstein, E.; Rowe, B. H.; Colman, I.",,1178-6302,,"Environmental Health Insights","air pollution; emergency department; relative humidity; suicide attempt; temperature",,79-86,"Air pollution and emergency department visits for suicide attempts in Vancouver, Canada",,4,2010,0,,18191,a6df72ec-80b2-41a6-bf51-fc140a0cb24e,"Journal Article",/article/10.4137/ehi.s5662
/reference/a739570e-3039-4bc3-a666-64cc9c9754aa,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a739570e-3039-4bc3-a666-64cc9c9754aa,a739570e-3039-4bc3-a666-64cc9c9754aa,,"Barnes, Elizabeth A.",,1944-8007,17,"Geophysical Research Letters",,,4734-4739,"Revisiting the evidence linking Arctic amplification to extreme weather in midlatitudes",,40,2013,0,Ch2,17585,a739570e-3039-4bc3-a666-64cc9c9754aa,"Journal Article",/article/10.1002/grl.50880
/reference/a773199d-d5bd-4ad7-8333-663cdb648d72,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a773199d-d5bd-4ad7-8333-663cdb648d72,a773199d-d5bd-4ad7-8333-663cdb648d72,,"Robeson, Scott M.; Willmott, Cort J.; Jones, Phil D.",,1944-8007,24,"Geophysical Research Letters",,,9065-9071,"Trends in hemispheric warm and cold anomalies",,41,2014,0,Ch2,17617,a773199d-d5bd-4ad7-8333-663cdb648d72,"Journal Article",/article/10.1002/2014gl062323
/reference/a7957dc8-1ead-4328-8250-a695f5f62c30,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a7957dc8-1ead-4328-8250-a695f5f62c30,a7957dc8-1ead-4328-8250-a695f5f62c30,,,,,,,,,,"Climate Change and Human Well-being: Global Challenges and Opportunities",,,2011,9,,18047,a7957dc8-1ead-4328-8250-a695f5f62c30,Book,/book/ff08562c-49aa-4b2f-b7be-aaf93d86487b
/reference/a7b99e9c-2c22-4684-9969-afa5cf7e8203,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a7b99e9c-2c22-4684-9969-afa5cf7e8203,a7b99e9c-2c22-4684-9969-afa5cf7e8203,,"Lenarz, Mark S.; Nelson, Michael E.; Schrage, Michael W.; Edwards, Andrew J.",,1937-2817,4,"The Journal of Wildlife Management",,,503-510,"Temperature mediated moose survival in northeastern Minnesota",,73,2009,0,Ch9,16403,a7b99e9c-2c22-4684-9969-afa5cf7e8203,"Journal Article",/article/10.2193/2008-265
/reference/a7dd9a25-4323-43a8-9546-59217de13726,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a7dd9a25-4323-43a8-9546-59217de13726,a7dd9a25-4323-43a8-9546-59217de13726,"The Walkerton, Canada, waterborne outbreak of 2000 resulted from entry of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Campylobacter spp. from neighboring farms into the town water supply. Isolates of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli obtained from outbreak investigations were characterized by phenotypic and genotypic methods, including heat-stable and heat-labile serotyping, phage typing, biotyping, fla–restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Two main outbreak strains were identified on the basis of heat-stable serotyping and fla-RFLP typing. These strains produced a limited number of types when tested by other methods. Isolates with types indistinguishable from, or similar to, the outbreak types were found only on one farm near the town of Walkerton, whereas cattle from other farms carried a variety of Campylobacter strains with different type characteristics. Results of these analyses confirmed results from epidemiologic studies and the utility of using several different typing and subtyping methods for completely characterizing bacterial populations.","Clark, Clifford G.; Price, Lawrence; Ahmed, Rafiq; Woodward, David L.; Melito, Pasquale L.; Rodgers, Frank G.; Jamieson, Frances; Ciebin, Bruce; Li, Aimin; Ellis, Andrea",,1080-6059,10,"Emerging Infectious Diseases",,,1232-1241,"Characterization of waterborne outbreak–associated Campylobacter jejuni , Walkerton, Ontario",,9,2003,0,,19049,a7dd9a25-4323-43a8-9546-59217de13726,"Journal Article",/article/10.3201/eid0910.020584
/reference/a7f52e54-2ce0-46fc-b0a2-60729757a8c0,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a7f52e54-2ce0-46fc-b0a2-60729757a8c0,a7f52e54-2ce0-46fc-b0a2-60729757a8c0,,"Schijven, Jack; Bouwknegt, Martijn; de Roda Husman, Ana Maria; Rutjes, Saskia; Sudre, Bertrand; Suk, Jonathan E.; Semenza, Jan C.",,1539-6924,12,"Risk Analysis",,,2154-2167,"A decision support tool to compare waterborne and foodborne infection and/or illness risks associated with climate change",,33,2013,0,,18851,a7f52e54-2ce0-46fc-b0a2-60729757a8c0,"Journal Article",/article/10.1111/risa.12077
/reference/a815bd0f-e3a7-4090-a35e-2f12381d9428,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a815bd0f-e3a7-4090-a35e-2f12381d9428,a815bd0f-e3a7-4090-a35e-2f12381d9428,,"Smith, Ben A.; Ruthman, Todd; Sparling, Erik; Auld, Heather; Comer, Neil; Young, Ian; Lammerding, Anna M.; Fazil, Aamir",,1873-7145,,"Food Research International",,,78-85,"A risk modeling framework to evaluate the impacts of climate change and adaptation on food and water safety",,68,2015,0,,18852,a815bd0f-e3a7-4090-a35e-2f12381d9428,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/j.foodres.2014.07.006
/reference/a8247fa4-25ec-4658-ad0b-9c8f4ebcf8f4,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a8247fa4-25ec-4658-ad0b-9c8f4ebcf8f4,a8247fa4-25ec-4658-ad0b-9c8f4ebcf8f4,,"Dusek, R. J.; McLean, R. G.; Kramer, L. D.; Ubico, S. R.; Dupuis, A. P.; Ebel, G. D.; Guptill, S. C.",,0002-9637,6,"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene",,,1151-1158,"Prevalence of West Nile virus in migratory birds during spring and fall migration",,81,2009,0,Ch4,17725,a8247fa4-25ec-4658-ad0b-9c8f4ebcf8f4,"Journal Article",/article/10.4269/ajtmh.2009.09-0106
/reference/a8dc8e9b-e096-419e-9b5c-4a9b96fc4899,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a8dc8e9b-e096-419e-9b5c-4a9b96fc4899,a8dc8e9b-e096-419e-9b5c-4a9b96fc4899,,"Lye, Dennis J.",,1752-1688,5,"Journal of the American Water Resources Association",,,1301-1306,"Health risks associated with consumption of untreated water from household roof catchment systems",,38,2002,0,,19285,a8dc8e9b-e096-419e-9b5c-4a9b96fc4899,"Journal Article",/article/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb04349.x
/reference/a8e44cff-cd49-46f4-a54c-7a365097cbdf,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a8e44cff-cd49-46f4-a54c-7a365097cbdf,a8e44cff-cd49-46f4-a54c-7a365097cbdf,,"Self-Brown, Shannon; Lai, Betty S.; Thompson, Julia E.; McGill, Tia; Kelley, Mary Lou",,0165-0327,1-3,"Journal of Affective Disorders",,,198-204,"Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom trajectories in Hurricane Katrina affected youth",,147,2013,0,Ch8,16381,a8e44cff-cd49-46f4-a54c-7a365097cbdf,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.002
/reference/a8fb12df-a0fc-4d01-9be6-c8b27bb60a52,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a8fb12df-a0fc-4d01-9be6-c8b27bb60a52,a8fb12df-a0fc-4d01-9be6-c8b27bb60a52,,"Battle, Dolores E.",,1538-4837,4,"Communication Disorders Quarterly",,,231-240,"Persons with communication disabilities in natural disasters, war, and/or conflict",,36,2015,0,,19350,a8fb12df-a0fc-4d01-9be6-c8b27bb60a52,"Journal Article",/article/10.1177/1525740114545980
/reference/a9273613-8dc2-42d4-a6ff-5b9a32e5d59e,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a9273613-8dc2-42d4-a6ff-5b9a32e5d59e,a9273613-8dc2-42d4-a6ff-5b9a32e5d59e,,"Jahromi, A. Hamidian; Wigle, Richard; Youssef, Asser M",,,12,"The American Surgeon",,,1712-1713,"Are we prepared yet for the extremes of weather changes? Emergence of several severe frostbite cases in Louisiana",,77,2011,0,Ch7,17979,a9273613-8dc2-42d4-a6ff-5b9a32e5d59e,"Journal Article",/article/pmid-22273236
/reference/a92b6912-a92c-482b-a8e7-f43d324947e3,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a92b6912-a92c-482b-a8e7-f43d324947e3,a92b6912-a92c-482b-a8e7-f43d324947e3,,"Val Martin, M.; Heald, C. L.; Lamarque, J. F.; Tilmes, S.; Emmons, L. K.; Schichtel, B. A.",,1680-7324,5,"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics",,,2805-2823,"How emissions, climate, and land use change will impact mid-century air quality over the United States: A focus on effects at National Parks",,15,2015,0,,18929,a92b6912-a92c-482b-a8e7-f43d324947e3,"Journal Article",/article/10.5194/acp-15-2805-2015
/reference/a95f121c-2fa2-4d4a-affe-576dad344217,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a95f121c-2fa2-4d4a-affe-576dad344217,a95f121c-2fa2-4d4a-affe-576dad344217,"OBJECTIVE: We investigated the influence of hurricane exposure, stressors occurring during the hurricane and recovery period, and social support on children's persistent posttraumatic stress (PTS). METHOD: Using a 2-wave, prospective design, we assessed 384 children (54% girls; mean age = 8.74 years) 9 months posthurricane, and we reassessed 245 children 21 months posthurricane. Children completed measures of exposure experiences, social support, hurricane-related stressors, life events, and PTS symptoms. RESULTS: At Time 1, 35% of the children reported moderate to very severe levels of PTS symptoms; at Time 2, this reduced to 29%. Hurricane-related stressors influenced children's persistent PTS symptoms and the occurrence of other life events, which in turn also influenced persistent PTS symptoms. The cascading effects of hurricane stressors and other life events disrupted children's social support over time, which further influenced persistent PTS symptoms. Social support from peers buffered the impact of disaster exposure on children's PTS symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of a destructive hurricane on children's PTS symptoms persisted almost 2 years after the storm. The factors contributing to PTS symptoms are interrelated in complex ways. The findings suggest a need to close the gap between interventions delivered in the immediate and short-term aftermath and those delivered 2 years or more postdisaster. Such interventions might focus on helping children manage disaster-related stressors and other life events as well as bolstering children's support systems.","La Greca, A. M.; Silverman, W. K.; Lai, B.; Jaccard, J.",Dec,1939-2117,6,"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology","Child; Cluster Analysis; *Cyclonic Storms; Disasters; Female; Humans; *Life Change Events; Male; Models, Psychological; Prospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; *Social Support; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*psychology; Stress, Psychological/*psychology",,794-805,"Hurricane-related exposure experiences and stressors, other life events, and social support: Concurrent and prospective impact on children's persistent posttraumatic stress symptoms",,78,2010,0,,18119,a95f121c-2fa2-4d4a-affe-576dad344217,"Journal Article",/article/10.1037/a0020775
/reference/a9cc82e3-1eb0-451c-90d3-dbe883c203d7,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a9cc82e3-1eb0-451c-90d3-dbe883c203d7,a9cc82e3-1eb0-451c-90d3-dbe883c203d7,,"Scheeringa, Michael S.; Zeanah, Charles H.",,1537-4424,3,"Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology",,,508-518,"Reconsideration of harm's way: Onsets and comorbidity patterns of disorders in preschool children and their caregivers following Hurricane Katrina",,37,2008,0,Ch8,16380,a9cc82e3-1eb0-451c-90d3-dbe883c203d7,"Journal Article",/article/10.1080/15374410802148178
/reference/a9f1a3ec-7f21-4d47-9a4c-84f0029ff6a2,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/a9f1a3ec-7f21-4d47-9a4c-84f0029ff6a2,a9f1a3ec-7f21-4d47-9a4c-84f0029ff6a2,,"Feldman, Lauren; Hart, P.Sol; Milosevic, Tijana",,1361-6609,,"Public Understanding of Science",,,"Published online 30 July 2015","Polarizing news? Representations of threat and efficacy in leading US newspapers' coverage of climate change",,,2015,0,,19208,a9f1a3ec-7f21-4d47-9a4c-84f0029ff6a2,"Journal Article",/article/10.1177/0963662515595348
/reference/aa29148e-c86c-443d-9c1d-5a1d7fbc3437,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/aa29148e-c86c-443d-9c1d-5a1d7fbc3437,aa29148e-c86c-443d-9c1d-5a1d7fbc3437,,"Goldman, A.; Eggen, B.; Golding, B.; Murray, V.",,1476-5616,1,"Public Health",,,3-28,"The health impacts of windstorms: A systematic literature review",,128,2014,0,Ch7,17775,aa29148e-c86c-443d-9c1d-5a1d7fbc3437,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/j.puhe.2013.09.022
/reference/aa39f53c-b544-4f17-9bf9-59b1e4636b56,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/aa39f53c-b544-4f17-9bf9-59b1e4636b56,aa39f53c-b544-4f17-9bf9-59b1e4636b56,,"Gauderman, W. James; Avol, Edward; Gilliland, Frank; Vora, Hita; Thomas, Duncan; Berhane, Kiros; McConnell, Rob; Kuenzli, Nino; Lurmann, Fred; Rappaport, Edward; Margolis, Helene; Bates, David; Peters, John",,1533-4406,11,"New England Journal of Medicine",,,1057-1067,"The effect of air pollution on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age",,351,2004,0,Ch9,16397,aa39f53c-b544-4f17-9bf9-59b1e4636b56,"Journal Article",/article/10.1056/NEJMoa040610
/reference/aa842ba8-5370-4645-b7c1-5967aca0d621,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/aa842ba8-5370-4645-b7c1-5967aca0d621,aa842ba8-5370-4645-b7c1-5967aca0d621,,"Jones, S.; Griffin, M.; Liang, A.; Patriarca, P.",,,,,,,,"The Kansas City Heat Wave, July 1980: Effects of Health, Preliminary Report",,,1980,10,,17583,aa842ba8-5370-4645-b7c1-5967aca0d621,Report,/report/kansas-city-heat-wave-july-1980-effects-health-preliminary-report
/reference/aab82d57-06ca-4862-8597-ef2fff0d9269,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/aab82d57-06ca-4862-8597-ef2fff0d9269,aab82d57-06ca-4862-8597-ef2fff0d9269,,"Cattell, Vicky",,0277-9536,10,"Social Science & Medicine",,,1501-1516,"Poor people, poor places, and poor health: The mediating role of social networks and social capital",,52,2001,0,,19184,aab82d57-06ca-4862-8597-ef2fff0d9269,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00259-8
/reference/aac0f087-3ed8-49a3-b1c9-07ce3fdf7f24,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/aac0f087-3ed8-49a3-b1c9-07ce3fdf7f24,aac0f087-3ed8-49a3-b1c9-07ce3fdf7f24,"The prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases has increased dramatically during the past few decades not only in industrialized countries. Urban air pollution from motor vehicles has been indicated as one of the major risk factors responsible for this increase. Although genetic factors are important in the development of asthma and allergic diseases, the rising trend can be explained only in changes occurred in the environment. Despite some differences in the air pollution profile and decreasing trends of some key air pollutants, air quality is an important concern for public health in the cities throughout the world. Due to climate change, air pollution patterns are changing in several urbanized areas of the world, with a significant effect on respiratory health. The observational evidence indicates that recent regional changes in climate, particularly temperature increases, have already affected a diverse set of physical and biological systems in many parts of the world. Associations between thunderstorms and asthma morbidity in pollinosis subjects have been also identified in multiple locations around the world. Allergens patterns are also changing in response to climate change and air pollution can modify the allergenic potential of pollens especially in presence of specific weather conditions. The underlying mechanisms of all these interactions are not well known yet. The consequences on health vary from decreases in lung function to allergic diseases, new onset of diseases, and exacerbation of chronic respiratory diseases. Factor clouding the issue is that laboratory evaluations do not reflect what happens during natural exposition, when atmospheric pollution mixtures in polluted cities are inhaled. In addition, it is important to recall that an individual's response to pollution exposure depends on the source and components of air pollution, as well as meteorological conditions. Indeed, some air pollution-related incidents with asthma aggravation do not depend only on the increased production of air pollution, but rather on atmospheric factors that favour the accumulation of air pollutants at ground level. Considering these aspects governments worldwide and international organizations such as the World Health Organization and the European Union are facing a growing problem of the respiratory effects induced by gaseous and particulate pollutants arising from motor vehicle emissions. © 2013 D'Amato et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.","D’Amato, G.; Baena-Cagnani, C. E.; Cecchi, L.; Annesi-Maesano, I.; Nunes, C.; Ansotegui, I.; D’Amato, M.; Liccardi, G.; Sofia, M.; Canonica, W. G.",,2049-6958,12,"Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine","Airways hyper-responsiveness; Bronchial asthma; Climate change and allergy; Environment and respiratory allergy; Pollen allergy; Respiratory allergy; Urban air pollution; fibronectin; granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor; hydrocarbon; interleukin 6; interleukin 8; nitrogen dioxide; ozone; sulfur dioxide; agriculture; air pollution; air temperature; asthma; carbon footprint; climate change; energy yield; environmental exposure; exercise; exhaust gas; food industry; human; lung lavage; neutrophil; particulate matter; prevalence; respiratory tract allergy; review; smog; sunlight; traffic and transport; waste management",,1-9,"Climate change, air pollution and extreme events leading to increasing prevalence of allergic respiratory diseases",,8,2013,0,,4278,aac0f087-3ed8-49a3-b1c9-07ce3fdf7f24,"Journal Article",/article/10.1186/2049-6958-8-12
/reference/ab24aae5-1c55-4682-b031-5cac3e6be8fc,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ab24aae5-1c55-4682-b031-5cac3e6be8fc,ab24aae5-1c55-4682-b031-5cac3e6be8fc,,"Kent, Shia T.; McClure, Leslie A.; Zaitchik, Benjamin F.; Smith, Tiffany T.; Gohlke, Julia M.",,1552-9924,2,"Environmental Health Perspectives",,,"151–158","Heat waves and health outcomes in Alabama (USA): The importance of heat wave definition",,122,2014,0,Ch2,17605,ab24aae5-1c55-4682-b031-5cac3e6be8fc,"Journal Article",/article/10.1289/ehp.1307262
/reference/ab52be13-af0f-4dad-ba10-db328e20159d,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ab52be13-af0f-4dad-ba10-db328e20159d,ab52be13-af0f-4dad-ba10-db328e20159d,,"Hinzman, Larry D.
Bettez, Neil D.
Bolton, W. Robert
Chapin, F. Stuart, III
Dyurgerov, Mark B.
Fastie, Chris L.
Griffith, Brad
Hollister, Robert D.
Hope, Allen
Huntington, Henry P.
Jensen, Anne M.
Jia, Gensuo J.
Jorgenson, Torre
Kane, Douglas L.
Klein, David R.
Kofinas, Gary
Lynch, Amanda H.
Lloyd, Andrea H.
McGuire, A. David
Nelson, Frederick E.
Oechel, Walter C.
Osterkamp, Thomas E.
Racine, Charles H.
Romanovsky, Vladimir E.
Stone, Robert S.
Stow, Douglas A.
Sturm, Matthew
Tweedie, Craig E.
Vourlitis, George L.
Walker, Marilyn D.
Walker, Donald A.
Webber, Patrick J.
Welker, Jeffrey M.
Winker, Kevin S.
Yoshikawa, Kenji",,0165-0009,3,"Climatic Change",,,251-298,"Evidence and implications of recent climate change in Northern Alaska and other Arctic regions",http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10584-005-5352-2,72,2005,0,"[""Ch. 12: Indigenous FINAL"",""Ch. 1: Overview FINAL"",""Ch. 22: Alaska FINAL""]",661,ab52be13-af0f-4dad-ba10-db328e20159d,"Journal Article",/article/10.1007/s10584-005-5352-2
/reference/abb3f0f0-54bc-4dd8-bc77-7d4a458e9bd1,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/abb3f0f0-54bc-4dd8-bc77-7d4a458e9bd1,abb3f0f0-54bc-4dd8-bc77-7d4a458e9bd1,,"Crozier, M. J.",,1872-695X,3-4,Geomorphology,,,260-267,"Deciphering the effect of climate change on landslide activity: A review",,124,2010,0,Ch9,17833,abb3f0f0-54bc-4dd8-bc77-7d4a458e9bd1,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.04.009
/reference/abb65651-959b-472d-8c80-e0646acf0665,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/abb65651-959b-472d-8c80-e0646acf0665,abb65651-959b-472d-8c80-e0646acf0665,,"Craun, G. F.; Brunkard, J. M.; Yoder, J. S.; Roberts, V. A.; Carpenter, J.; Wade, T.; Calderon, R. L.; Roberts, J. M.; Beach, M. J.; Roy, S. L.",,1098-6618,3,"Clinical Microbiology Reviews",,,507-528,"Causes of outbreaks associated with drinking water in the United States from 1971 to 2006",,23,2010,0,Ch5,16140,abb65651-959b-472d-8c80-e0646acf0665,"Journal Article",/article/10.1128/cmr.00077-09
/reference/abe2ce03-59c1-461d-8801-3e12df93a8e1,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/abe2ce03-59c1-461d-8801-3e12df93a8e1,abe2ce03-59c1-461d-8801-3e12df93a8e1,,"Swim, Janet; Clayton, Susan; Doherty, Thomas; Gifford, Robert; Howard, George; Reser, Joseph; Stern, Paul; Weber, Elke",,,,,,,108,"Psychology & Global Climate Change: Addressing a Multi-Faceted Phenomenon and Set of Challenges",http://www.apa.org/science/about/publications/climate-change-booklet.pdf,,2010,10,,18223,abe2ce03-59c1-461d-8801-3e12df93a8e1,Report,/report/apa-psychology-climatechange-2010
/reference/ac0d1490-bc44-4738-af3d-90d6a499dcbe,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ac0d1490-bc44-4738-af3d-90d6a499dcbe,ac0d1490-bc44-4738-af3d-90d6a499dcbe,"RATIONALE: The heat-related risk of hospitalization for respiratory diseases among the elderly has not been quantified in the United States on a national scale. With climate change predictions of more frequent and more intense heat waves, it is of paramount importance to quantify the health risks related to heat, especially for the most vulnerable. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the risk of hospitalization for respiratory diseases associated with outdoor heat in the U.S. elderly. METHODS: An observational study of approximately 12.5 million Medicare beneficiaries in 213 United States counties, January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2008. We estimate a national average relative risk of hospitalization for each 10 degrees F (5.6 degrees C) increase in daily outdoor temperature using Bayesian hierarchical models. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We obtained daily county-level rates of Medicare emergency respiratory hospitalizations (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, 464-466, 480-487, 490-492) in 213 U.S. counties from 1999 through 2008. Overall, each 10 degrees F increase in daily temperature was associated with a 4.3% increase in same-day emergency hospitalizations for respiratory diseases (95% posterior interval, 3.8, 4.8%). Counties' relative risks were significantly higher in counties with cooler average summer temperatures. CONCLUSIONS: We found strong evidence of an association between outdoor heat and respiratory hospitalizations in the largest population of elderly studied to date. Given projections of increasing temperatures from climate change and the increasing global prevalence of chronic pulmonary disease, the relationship between heat and respiratory morbidity is a growing concern.","Anderson, G. B.; Dominici, F.; Wang, Y.; McCormack, M. C.; Bell, M. L.; Peng, R. D.","May 15",1535-4970,10,"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bayes Theorem; Emergency Medical Services/ methods/statistics & numerical data; Female; Hospitalization/ statistics & numerical data; Hot Temperature/ adverse effects; Humans; Male; Medicare; Respiration Disorders/ epidemiology; Risk; United States/epidemiology",,1098-1103,"Heat-related emergency hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in the Medicare population",,187,2013,0,,4045,ac0d1490-bc44-4738-af3d-90d6a499dcbe,"Journal Article",/article/10.1164/rccm.201211-1969OC
/reference/ac2c6274-61ff-44dc-9e24-b55426fad974,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ac2c6274-61ff-44dc-9e24-b55426fad974,ac2c6274-61ff-44dc-9e24-b55426fad974,"BACKGROUND: Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), caused by the free-living ameba Naegleria fowleri, has historically been associated with warm freshwater exposures at lower latitudes of the United States. In August 2010, a Minnesota resident, aged 7 years, died of rapidly progressive meningoencephalitis after local freshwater exposures, with no history of travel outside the state. PAM was suspected on the basis of amebae observed in cerebrospinal fluid. METHODS: Water and sediment samples were collected at locations where the patient swam during the 2 weeks preceding illness onset. Patient and environmental samples were tested for N. fowleri with use of culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR); isolates were genotyped. Historic local ambient temperature data were obtained. RESULTS: N. fowleri isolated from a specimen of the patient's brain and from water and sediment samples was confirmed using PCR as N. fowleri genotype 3. Surface water temperatures at the times of collection of the positive environmental samples ranged from 22.1 degrees C to 24.5 degrees C. August 2010 average air temperature near the exposure site was 25 degrees C, 3.6 degrees C above normal and the third warmest for August in the Minneapolis area since 1891. CONCLUSIONS: This first reported case of PAM acquired in Minnesota occurred 550 miles north of the previously reported northernmost case in the Americas. Clinicians should be aware that N. fowleri-associated PAM can occur in areas at much higher latitude than previously described. Local weather patterns and long-term climate change could impact the frequency of PAM.","Kemble, S. K.; Lynfield, R.; DeVries, A. S.; Drehner, D. M.; Pomputius, W. F.; Beach, M. J.; Visvesvara, G. S.; da Silva, A. J.; Hill, V. R.; Yoder, J. S.; Xiao, L.; Smith, K. E.; Danila, R.",Mar,1537-6591,6,"Clinical Infectious Diseases","Amebiasis/cerebrospinal fluid/ parasitology; Animals; Brain/parasitology; Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections/cerebrospinal fluid/ parasitology; Child; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Lakes/ parasitology; Minnesota; Naegleria fowleri/ isolation & purification; Swimming; Water Microbiology",,805-809,"Fatal Naegleria fowleri infection acquired in Minnesota: Possible expanded range of a deadly thermophilic organism",,54,2012,0,,4638,ac2c6274-61ff-44dc-9e24-b55426fad974,"Journal Article",/article/10.1093/cid/cir961
/reference/ac3fd5f4-286e-4e2d-ab4b-22bda523f50e,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ac3fd5f4-286e-4e2d-ab4b-22bda523f50e,ac3fd5f4-286e-4e2d-ab4b-22bda523f50e,,ASCE,,,,,,,,"Report Card for America's Infrastructure",http://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/,,2013,16,"[""Ch. 16: Northeast FINAL""]",4314,ac3fd5f4-286e-4e2d-ab4b-22bda523f50e,"Web Page",/webpage/c711cda3-8fab-4a98-b389-e57ed2123c72
/reference/ac434d5d-1e92-4931-9eca-4cec2743ea2a,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ac434d5d-1e92-4931-9eca-4cec2743ea2a,ac434d5d-1e92-4931-9eca-4cec2743ea2a,,"Kaidar-Person, Orit; Person, Benjamin; Szomstein, Samuel; Rosenthal, Raul J.",,1708-0428,8,"Obesity Surgery",,,1028-1034,"Nutritional deficiencies in morbidly obese patients: A new form of malnutrition?",,18,2008,0,Ch6,16197,ac434d5d-1e92-4931-9eca-4cec2743ea2a,"Journal Article",/article/10.1007/s11695-007-9350-5
/reference/ac45c05a-dd19-4d79-a262-ee941af799ef,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ac45c05a-dd19-4d79-a262-ee941af799ef,ac45c05a-dd19-4d79-a262-ee941af799ef,"Substantial epidemiological studies demonstrate associations between exposure to ambient ozone and mortality. A few studies simply examine the modification of this ozone effect by individual characteristics and socioeconomic status, but socioeconomic status was usually coded at the city level.","Ren, Cizao; Melly, Steve; Schwartz, Joel",,1476-069X,1,"Environmental Health","Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Air Pollutants; Air Pollutants: analysis; Air Pollution; Air Pollution: statistics & numerical data; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases: mortality; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus: mortality; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Exposure: analysis; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Humans; Male; Massachusetts; Massachusetts: epidemiology; Middle Aged; Ozone; Ozone: analysis; Respiration Disorders; Respiration Disorders: mortality; Social Class",,"Article 3","Modifiers of short-term effects of ozone on mortality in eastern Massachusetts — A case-crossover analysis at individual level",,9,2010,0,,18915,ac45c05a-dd19-4d79-a262-ee941af799ef,"Journal Article",/article/10.1186/1476-069X-9-3
/reference/ac6800d4-71db-4657-aaa8-e3b7a18a5cb9,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ac6800d4-71db-4657-aaa8-e3b7a18a5cb9,ac6800d4-71db-4657-aaa8-e3b7a18a5cb9,"Our understanding of the global dust cycle is limited by a dearth of information about dust sources, especially small-scale features which could account for a large fraction of global emissions. Here we present a global-scale high-resolution (0.1 degrees) mapping of sources based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Deep Blue estimates of dust optical depth in conjunction with other data sets including land use. We ascribe dust sources to natural and anthropogenic (primarily agricultural) origins, calculate their respective contributions to emissions, and extensively compare these products against literature. Natural dust sources globally account for 75% of emissions; anthropogenic sources account for 25%. North Africa accounts for 55% of global dust emissions with only 8% being anthropogenic, mostly from the Sahel. Elsewhere, anthropogenic dust emissions can be much higher (75% in Australia). Hydro-logic dust sources (e. g., ephemeral water bodies) account for 31% worldwide; 15% of them are natural while 85% are anthropogenic. Globally, 20% of emissions are from vegetated surfaces, primarily desert shrublands and agricultural lands. Since anthropogenic dust sources are associated with land use and ephemeral water bodies, both in turn linked to the hydrological cycle, their emissions are affected by climate variability. Such changes in dust emissions can impact climate, air quality, and human health. Improved dust emission estimates will require a better mapping of threshold wind velocities, vegetation dynamics, and surface conditions (soil moisture and land use) especially in the sensitive regions identified here, as well as improved ability to address small-scale convective processes producing dust via cold pool (haboob) events frequent in monsoon regimes.","Ginoux, P.; Prospero, J. M.; Gill, T. E.; Hsu, N. C.; Zhao, M.",Aug,1944-9208,3,"Reviews of Geophysics","southwestern north-america; african mineral dust; regional air-quality; southern high-plains; last glacial period; san-joaquin valley; wind; erosion; desert dust; climate-change; optical-properties",,RG3005,"Global-scale attribution of anthropogenic and natural dust sources and their emission rates based on MODIS Deep Blue aerosol products",,50,2012,0,,4458,ac6800d4-71db-4657-aaa8-e3b7a18a5cb9,"Journal Article",/article/10.1029/2012rg000388
/reference/ace25955-d337-4ffd-8569-4604e61589fe,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ace25955-d337-4ffd-8569-4604e61589fe,ace25955-d337-4ffd-8569-4604e61589fe,"Disasters can have wide-ranging effects on individuals and their communities. Loss of specific resources (e.g., household contents, job) following a disaster has not been well studied, despite the implications for preparedness efforts and postdisaster interventions. OBJECTIVE: To provide information about the effects of loss on postdisaster distress, the present study assessed associations between disaster-related variables, including the loss of specific resources, and postdisaster distress. METHOD: Random-digit dialing methodology was used to recruit hurricane-affected adults from Galveston and Chambers, TX, counties one year after Hurricane Ike. Data from 1,249 survivors were analyzed to identify predictors of distress. RESULTS: Variables that were significantly associated with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms included sustained losses, hurricane exposure, and sociodemographic characteristics; similar results were obtained for depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Together, these findings suggest risk factors that may be associated with the development of posthurricane distress that can inform preparedness efforts and posthurricane interventions.","Paul, L. A.; Price, M.; Gros, D. F.; Gros, K. S.; McCauley, J. L.; Resnick, H. S.; Acierno, R.; Ruggiero, K. J.",Apr,0021-9762,4,"Journal of Clinical Psychology","Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cyclonic Storms/*statistics & numerical data; Depression/epidemiology/*etiology; Disasters/statistics & numerical data; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology/*etiology; Survivors/*psychology/statistics & numerical data; Texas/epidemiology; Young Adult; Ptsd; depression; disaster; hurricane; loss of resources",,322-332,"The associations between loss and posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms following Hurricane Ike",,70,2014,0,,18154,ace25955-d337-4ffd-8569-4604e61589fe,"Journal Article",/article/10.1002/jclp.22026
/reference/acf6c590-86f9-4831-898a-1a91b51dad16,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/acf6c590-86f9-4831-898a-1a91b51dad16,acf6c590-86f9-4831-898a-1a91b51dad16,,"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)",,1545-861X,33,"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report",,24133698,669-682,"Notice to readers: Final 2012 Reports of Nationally Notifiable Infectious Diseases",http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6233a6.htm?s_cid=mm6233a6_w,62,2013,0,,16520,acf6c590-86f9-4831-898a-1a91b51dad16,"Journal Article",/article/pmid-24133698
/reference/acfeaa45-ff20-49fe-9031-2455027b3883,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/acfeaa45-ff20-49fe-9031-2455027b3883,acfeaa45-ff20-49fe-9031-2455027b3883,,"Rose, Joan B.; Wu, Felicia",,,,,,,157-172,"Waterborne and foodborne diseases",,,2015,7,,19274,acfeaa45-ff20-49fe-9031-2455027b3883,"Book Section",/book/bd2ae35f-c003-4dfa-b54e-1c57a72eddd1
/reference/ad196f19-4682-4f8b-a8a2-dddbcab62dd8,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ad196f19-4682-4f8b-a8a2-dddbcab62dd8,ad196f19-4682-4f8b-a8a2-dddbcab62dd8,,"Benmarhnia, T.; Deguen, S.; Kaufman, J.S.; Smargiassi, A.",,1531-5487,6,Epidemiology,,,781-793,"Review article: Vulnerability to heat-related mortality: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis",,26,2015,0,,19301,ad196f19-4682-4f8b-a8a2-dddbcab62dd8,"Journal Article",/article/10.1097/EDE.0000000000000375
/reference/ad3c4329-eac0-47ea-8342-be6ca602610c,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ad3c4329-eac0-47ea-8342-be6ca602610c,ad3c4329-eac0-47ea-8342-be6ca602610c,,"Daley, W. Randolph; Smith, Andrew; Paz-Argandona, Enrique; Malilay, Josephine; McGeehin, Michael",,0736-4679,1,"The Journal of Emergency Medicine",,,87-93,"An outbreak of carbon monoxide poisoning after a major ice storm in Maine",,18,2000,0,,18992,ad3c4329-eac0-47ea-8342-be6ca602610c,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/S0736-4679(99)00184-5
/reference/ad5fb3ba-9924-4df9-a68f-1e94822f78f9,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ad5fb3ba-9924-4df9-a68f-1e94822f78f9,ad5fb3ba-9924-4df9-a68f-1e94822f78f9,"We examined the variation in association between high temperatures and elderly mortality (age >/= 75 years) from year to year in 83 US cities between 1987 and 2000. We used a Poisson regression model and decomposed the mortality risk for high temperatures into: a ""main effect"" due to high temperatures using lagged non-linear function, and an ""added effect"" due to consecutive high temperature days. We pooled yearly effects across both regional and national levels. The high temperature effects (both main and added effects) on elderly mortality varied greatly from year to year. In every city there was at least one year where higher temperatures were associated with lower mortality. Years with relatively high heat-related mortality were often followed by years with relatively low mortality. These year to year changes have important consequences for heat-warning systems and for predictions of heat-related mortality due to climate change.","Guo, Y.; Barnett, A. G.; Tong, S.",,2045-2322,830,"Scientific Reports","Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Hot Temperature; Humans; Male; Mortality; Seasons; Temperature; United States/epidemiology",,,"High temperatures-related elderly mortality varied greatly from year to year: Important information for heat-warning systems",,2,2012,0,,4498,ad5fb3ba-9924-4df9-a68f-1e94822f78f9,"Journal Article",/article/10.1038/srep00830
/reference/ad69c664-54bc-4c2e-bc99-c86829c0ee35,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ad69c664-54bc-4c2e-bc99-c86829c0ee35,ad69c664-54bc-4c2e-bc99-c86829c0ee35,,"Heaney, C.D.; Wing, S.; Wilson, S.M.; Campbell, R.L.; Caldwell, D.; Hopkins, B.; O'Shea, S.; Yeatts, K.",,0022-0892,10,"Journal of Environmental Health",,,24-36,"Public infrastructure disparities and the microbiological and chemical safety of drinking and surface water supplies in a community bordering a landfill",http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4514614,75,2013,0,,19303,ad69c664-54bc-4c2e-bc99-c86829c0ee35,"Journal Article",/article/pmid-23858663
/reference/ada33d6a-7403-4a59-9b6d-f2777dd75f38,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ada33d6a-7403-4a59-9b6d-f2777dd75f38,ada33d6a-7403-4a59-9b6d-f2777dd75f38,,"Ott, W.R.",,,,,,,"3-1 to 3-38","Human activity patterns: A review of the literature for estimating time spent indoors, outdoors, and in transit",,EPA/600/4-89/004,1989,7,,18530,ada33d6a-7403-4a59-9b6d-f2777dd75f38,"Book Section",
/reference/ae138b1a-a619-4312-a671-0f671a85662b,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ae138b1a-a619-4312-a671-0f671a85662b,ae138b1a-a619-4312-a671-0f671a85662b,"The new scenario framework for climate change research envisions combining pathways of future radiative forcing and their associated climate changes with alternative pathways of socioeconomic development in order to carry out research on climate change impacts, adaptation, and mitigation. Here we propose a conceptual framework for how to define and develop a set of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) for use within the scenario framework. We define SSPs as reference pathways describing plausible alternative trends in the evolution of society and ecosystems over a century timescale, in the absence of climate change or climate policies. We introduce the concept of a space of challenges to adaptation and to mitigation that should be spanned by the SSPs, and discuss how particular trends in social, economic, and environmental development could be combined to produce such outcomes. A comparison to the narratives from the scenarios developed in the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) illustrates how a starting point for developing SSPs can be defined. We suggest initial development of a set of basic SSPs that could then be extended to meet more specific purposes, and envision a process of application of basic and extended SSPs that would be iterative and potentially lead to modification of the original SSPs themselves.","O’Neill, Brian C.; Kriegler, Elmar; Riahi, Keywan; Ebi, Kristie L.; Hallegatte, Stephane; Carter, Timothy R.; Mathur, Ritu; van Vuuren, Detlef P.","February 01",1573-1480,3,"Climatic Change",,,387-400,"A new scenario framework for climate change research: The concept of shared socioeconomic pathways",,122,2014,0,Ch10,16544,ae138b1a-a619-4312-a671-0f671a85662b,"Journal Article",/article/10.1007/s10584-013-0905-2
/reference/ae62c0bd-dc78-44f1-a80f-b34ac58b1970,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/ae62c0bd-dc78-44f1-a80f-b34ac58b1970,ae62c0bd-dc78-44f1-a80f-b34ac58b1970,,"Anderson, Craig A.; Bushman, Brad J.; Groom, Ralph W.",,0022-3514,6,"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology",,,1213-1223,"Hot years and serious and deadly assault: Empirical tests of the heat hypothesis",,73,1997,0,Ch8,16353,ae62c0bd-dc78-44f1-a80f-b34ac58b1970,"Journal Article",/article/10.1037/0022-3514.73.6.1213
/reference/aed02b78-4d7c-4cce-863e-f4cab8862321,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/aed02b78-4d7c-4cce-863e-f4cab8862321,aed02b78-4d7c-4cce-863e-f4cab8862321,,"Thomas, Andrew C.; Weatherbee, Ryan; Xue, Huijie; Liu, Guimei",,1878-1470,5,"Harmful Algae",,,458-480,"Interannual variability of shellfish toxicity in the Gulf of Maine: Time and space patterns and links to environmental variability",,9,2010,0,,17477,aed02b78-4d7c-4cce-863e-f4cab8862321,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/j.hal.2010.03.002
/reference/af26d1a8-db0b-4bf9-9760-1cae9f355e6e,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/af26d1a8-db0b-4bf9-9760-1cae9f355e6e,af26d1a8-db0b-4bf9-9760-1cae9f355e6e,,"Brown, M.E.; Antle, J.M.; Backlund, P.; Carr, E.R.; Easterling, W.E.; Walsh, M.K.; Ammann, C.; Attavanich, W.; Barrett, C.B.; Bellemare, M.F.; Dancheck, V.; Funk, C.; Grace, K.; Ingram, J.S.I.; Jiang, H.; Maletta, H.; Mata, T.; Murray, A.; Ngugi, M.; Ojima, D.; O'Neill, B.; Tebaldi, C.",,,,,,,146,"Climate Change, Global Food Security and the U.S. Food System",http://www.usda.gov/oce/climate_change/FoodSecurity2015Assessment/FullAssessment.pdf,,2015,10,,19322,af26d1a8-db0b-4bf9-9760-1cae9f355e6e,Report,/report/usda-climate-change-global-food-security-us-food-system-2015
/reference/af729802-608b-4d90-a848-0796d625f332,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/af729802-608b-4d90-a848-0796d625f332,af729802-608b-4d90-a848-0796d625f332,"SETTING: Asthma symptoms in adults in relation to the indoor environment. OBJECTIVES: To study the relationships between current asthma symptoms (wheeze or attacks of breathlessness) and the indoor environment and dampness in hospitals. DESIGN: A study among personnel (n = 87) in four geriatric hospitals in winter. Indoor air pollutants, dampness in the concrete floor, and allergens in settled dust were measured. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied, adjusting for age, sex, atopy, and dampness in the participants' own dwellings. RESULTS: Current asthma symptoms were reported by 17%, and 8% had doctor's diagnosed asthma. Asthma symptoms were more common (adjusted odds ratio = 8.6; 95% confidence interval 1.3-56.7) in two buildings with signs of dampness-related degradation of di(ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) floor material, detected as presence of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (2-32 microg/m3) in indoor air (CAS nr 104-76-7). Asthma symptoms were related to higher relative humidity in the upper concrete floor construction, and ammonia in the floor. The newest hospital, built by an anthroposophic society, had low levels of dampness and few asthma symptoms (4%). Cat (Fel d1) and dog allergens (Can f1) were found in dust from all buildings (geometric mean 340 ng/g and 2490 ng/g, respectively). House dust mite allergens (Derp1, Derf1, or Derm1) were found in 75% of all samples (geometric mean 130 ng/g). There was no relationship between allergen levels and asthma symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Asthma symptoms may be related to increased humidity in concrete floor constructions and emission of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, an indicator of dampness-related alkaline degradation of plasticiser DEHP. Moreover, geriatric hospitals can be contaminated by significant amounts of cat, dog and mite allergens.","Norbäck, D.; Wieslander, G.; Nordström, K.; Wålinder, R.",Nov,,11,"International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","Air Pollution, Indoor/*adverse effects; Allergens; Asthma/epidemiology/*etiology; *Construction Materials; Diethylhexyl Phthalate/*adverse effects; Female; Hexanols/*adverse effects; Hospital Design and Construction; *Hospitals; Humans; Humidity/*adverse effects; Logistic Models; Male; Personnel, Hospital; Sweden/epidemiology",,1016-1025,"Asthma symptoms in relation to measured building dampness in upper concrete floor construction, and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol in indoor air",http://www.nchh.org/portals/0/contents/article0877.pdf,4,2000,0,,18528,af729802-608b-4d90-a848-0796d625f332,"Journal Article",/article/pmid-11092713
/reference/af963b9b-9a41-4d23-b3a8-04fb1dd52ae5,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/af963b9b-9a41-4d23-b3a8-04fb1dd52ae5,af963b9b-9a41-4d23-b3a8-04fb1dd52ae5,,"National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine",,,,,,,,"Review of the Draft Interagency Report on the Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States",http://www.nap.edu/catalog/21787/review-of-the-draft-interagency-report-on-the-impacts-of-climate-change-on-human-health-in-the-united-states,,2015,9,,19305,af963b9b-9a41-4d23-b3a8-04fb1dd52ae5,Book,/report/nas-hareview-2015
/reference/afbd60ab-ba9f-4547-88e3-968bc3a4b949,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/afbd60ab-ba9f-4547-88e3-968bc3a4b949,afbd60ab-ba9f-4547-88e3-968bc3a4b949,,"Jacob, D. J.
Winner, D. A.",,1352-2310,1,"Atmospheric Environment",,,51-63,"Effect of climate change on air quality",http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231008008571,43,2009,0,"[""Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL"",""Ch. 15: Biogeochemical FINAL"",""Overview"",""Ch. 18: Midwest FINAL""]",577,afbd60ab-ba9f-4547-88e3-968bc3a4b949,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.051
/reference/afc4d024-e3a0-436c-b037-28a2397bf4c7,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/afc4d024-e3a0-436c-b037-28a2397bf4c7,afc4d024-e3a0-436c-b037-28a2397bf4c7,,"Rosenzweig, Cynthia; Iglesias, Ana; Yang, X. B.; Epstein, Paul R.; Chivian, Eric",,1389-5702,2,"Global Change and Human Health",,,90-104,"Climate change and extreme weather events: Implications for food production, plant diseases, and pests",,2,2001,0,Ch6,17938,afc4d024-e3a0-436c-b037-28a2397bf4c7,"Journal Article",/article/10.1023/a:1015086831467
/reference/b00a1349-fb5f-4e2d-b1bc-cfceb0863de2,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b00a1349-fb5f-4e2d-b1bc-cfceb0863de2,b00a1349-fb5f-4e2d-b1bc-cfceb0863de2,"Heat is an environmental and occupational hazard. The prevention of deaths in the community caused by extreme high temperatures (heat waves) is now an issue of public health concern. The risk of heat-related mortality increases with natural aging, but persons with particular social and/or physical vulnerability are also at risk. lmportant differences in vulnerability exist between populations, depending on climate, culture, infrastructure (housing), and other factors. Public health measures include health promotion and heat wave warning systems, but the effectiveness of acute measures in response to heat waves has not yet been formally evaluated. Climate change will increase the frequency and the intensity of heat waves, and a range of measures, including improvements to housing, management of chronic diseases, and institutional care of the elderly and the vulnerable, will need to be developed to reduce health impacts.","Kovats, R. S.
Hajat, S.",,0163-7525,,"Annual Review of Public Health","heat waves; early warning; mortality; august 2003; air-pollution; hospital admissions; united-states; excess mortality; elderly-people; french cities; risk-factors; hot weather; series data",,41-55,"Heat stress and public health: A critical review",,29,2008,0,"[""Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL"",""Ch. 17: Southeast and Caribbean FINAL""]",831,b00a1349-fb5f-4e2d-b1bc-cfceb0863de2,"Journal Article",/article/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090843
/reference/b02aadf3-74d2-4a96-b034-d5595c4aaa50,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b02aadf3-74d2-4a96-b034-d5595c4aaa50,b02aadf3-74d2-4a96-b034-d5595c4aaa50,,"Bonanno, George A.",,1935-990X,1,"American Psychologist",,,20-28,"Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events?",,59,2004,0,Ch8,16355,b02aadf3-74d2-4a96-b034-d5595c4aaa50,"Journal Article",/article/10.1037/0003-066x.59.1.20
/reference/b043eeb2-18ba-4344-b574-9e59aacd6547,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b043eeb2-18ba-4344-b574-9e59aacd6547,b043eeb2-18ba-4344-b574-9e59aacd6547,"We show that the spatial-temporal variability of human West Nile (WN) cases and the transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) to sentinel chickens are associated with the spatial-temporal variability of drought and wetting in southern Florida. Land surface wetness conditions at 52 sites in 31 counties in southern Florida for 2001-2003 were simulated and compared with the occurrence of human WN cases and the transmission of WNV to sentinel chickens within these counties. Both WNV transmission to sentinel chickens and the occurrence of human WN cases were associated with drought 2-6 mo prior and land surface wetting 0.5-1.5 mo prior. These dynamics are similar to the amplification and transmission patterns found in southern Florida for the closely related St. Louis encephalitis virus. Drought brings avian hosts and vector mosquitoes into close contact and facilitates the epizootic cycling and amplification of the arboviruses within these populations. Southern Florida has not recorded a severe, widespread drought since the introduction of WNV into the state in 2001. Our results indicate that widespread drought in the spring followed by wetting during summer greatly increase the probability of a WNV epidemic in southern Florida.","Shaman, J.; Day, J. F.; Stieglitz, M.",Mar,1938-2928,2,"Journal of Medical Entomology","Animals; Chickens; *Disasters; Florida; Humans; Logistic Models; Poultry Diseases/transmission/virology; West Nile Fever/*epidemiology/*transmission/veterinary; *West Nile virus",,134-141,"Drought-induced amplification and epidemic transmission of West Nile virus in southern Florida",,42,2005,0,,18037,b043eeb2-18ba-4344-b574-9e59aacd6547,"Journal Article",/article/10.1093/jmedent/42.2.134
/reference/b05850d3-a9d7-4395-8588-5e27531c160a,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b05850d3-a9d7-4395-8588-5e27531c160a,b05850d3-a9d7-4395-8588-5e27531c160a,"This paper summarizes the main characteristics of the RCP8.5 scenario. The RCP8.5 combines assumptions about high population and relatively slow income growth with modest rates of technological change and energy intensity improvements, leading in the long term to high energy demand and GHG emissions in absence of climate change policies. Compared to the total set of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), RCP8.5 thus corresponds to the pathway with the highest greenhouse gas emissions. Using the IIASA Integrated Assessment Framework and the MESSAGE model for the development of the RCP8.5, we focus in this paper on two important extensions compared to earlier scenarios: 1) the development of spatially explicit air pollution projections, and 2) enhancements in the land-use and land-cover change projections. In addition, we explore scenario variants that use RCP8.5 as a baseline, and assume different degrees of greenhouse gas mitigation policies to reduce radiative forcing. Based on our modeling framework, we find it technically possible to limit forcing from RCP8.5 to lower levels comparable to the other RCPs (2.6 to 6 W/m2). Our scenario analysis further indicates that climate policy-induced changes of global energy supply and demand may lead to significant co-benefits for other policy priorities, such as local air pollution.","Riahi, Keywan; Rao, Shilpa; Krey, Volker; Cho, Cheolhung; Chirkov, Vadim; Fischer, Guenther; Kindermann, Georg; Nakicenovic, Nebojsa; Rafaj, Peter",2011/11/01,1573-1480,1,"Climatic Change",,,33-57,"RCP 8.5—A scenario of comparatively high greenhouse gas emissions",,109,2011,0,,18539,b05850d3-a9d7-4395-8588-5e27531c160a,"Journal Article",/article/10.1007/s10584-011-0149-y
/reference/b0633efb-02c8-4e25-b820-fff9665dd4a3,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b0633efb-02c8-4e25-b820-fff9665dd4a3,b0633efb-02c8-4e25-b820-fff9665dd4a3,,"Baja, Emmanuel S.; Schwartz, Joel D.; Wellenius, Gregory A.; Coull, Brent A.; Zanobetti, Antonella; Vokonas, Pantel S.; Suh, Helen H.",,1552-9924,6,"Environmental Health Perspectives",,,840-846,"Traffic-related air pollution and QT interval: Modification by diabetes, obesity, and oxidative stress gene polymorphisms in the normative aging study",,118,2010,0,Ch9,17825,b0633efb-02c8-4e25-b820-fff9665dd4a3,"Journal Article",/article/10.1289/ehp.0901396
/reference/b0818c9e-b245-44be-9851-213def5d25da,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b0818c9e-b245-44be-9851-213def5d25da,b0818c9e-b245-44be-9851-213def5d25da,,"Bullard, R.
Wright, B.",,,,,,,1-15,Introduction,,,2009,7,"[""Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL""]",4696,b0818c9e-b245-44be-9851-213def5d25da,"Book Section",/book/1570e6bf-685a-47bd-923b-15a56e13e6f6
/reference/b0ab019c-3ea7-4e75-986c-2cc74541c187,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b0ab019c-3ea7-4e75-986c-2cc74541c187,b0ab019c-3ea7-4e75-986c-2cc74541c187,"Causal attribution of recent biological trends to climate change is complicated because non-climatic influences dominate local, short-term biological changes. Any underlying signal from climate change is likely to be revealed by analyses that seek systematic trends across diverse species and geographic regions; however, debates within the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reveal several definitions of a 'systematic trend'. Here, we explore these differences, apply diverse analyses to more than 1,700 species, and show that recent biological trends match climate change predictions. Global meta-analyses documented significant range shifts averaging 6.1 km per decade towards the poles ( or metres per decade upward), and significant mean advancement of spring events by 2.3 days per decade. We define a diagnostic fingerprint of temporal and spatial 'sign-switching' responses uniquely predicted by twentieth century climate trends. Among appropriate long-term/large-scale/multi-species data sets, this diagnostic fingerprint was found for 279 species. This suite of analyses generates 'very high confidence' (as laid down by the IPCC) that climate change is already affecting living systems.","Parmesan, C.
Yohe, G.","JAN 2 2003",0028-0836,6918,Nature,"EGG-LAYING TRENDS; BRITISH BUTTERFLIES; PHENOLOGY; PLANTS; RESPONSES; BIRDS; TIME; TEMPERATURE; ABUNDANCE; MOUNTAIN",,37-42,"A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems",http://www.discoverlife.org/pa/or/polistes/pr/2010nsf_macro/references/Parmesan_and_Yohe2003.pdf,421,2003,0,"[""Ch. 8: Ecosystems FINAL""]",2431,b0ab019c-3ea7-4e75-986c-2cc74541c187,"Journal Article",/article/10.1038/nature01286
/reference/b0beccb3-8f38-4c89-b19f-268129df9188,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b0beccb3-8f38-4c89-b19f-268129df9188,b0beccb3-8f38-4c89-b19f-268129df9188,"There is a paucity of research investigating the relationship of community-level characteristics such as collective efficacy and posttraumatic stress following disasters. We examine the association of collective efficacy with probable posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity in Florida public health workers (n = 2249) exposed to the 2004 hurricane season using a multilevel approach. Anonymous questionnaires were distributed electronically to all Florida Department of Health personnel nine months after the 2004 hurricane season. The collected data were used to assess posttraumatic stress disorder and collective efficacy measured at both the individual and zip code levels. The majority of participants were female (80.42%), and ages ranged from 20 to 78 years (median = 49 years); 73.91% were European American, 13.25% were African American, and 8.65% were Hispanic. Using multi-level analysis, our data indicate that higher community-level and individual-level collective efficacy were associated with a lower likelihood of having posttraumatic stress disorder (OR = 0.93, CI = 0.88-0.98; and OR = 0.94, CI = 0.92-0.97, respectively), even after adjusting for individual sociodemographic variables, community socioeconomic characteristic variables, individual injury/damage, and community storm damage. Higher levels of community-level collective efficacy and individual-level collective efficacy were also associated with significantly lower posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity (b = -0.22, p<0.01; and b = -0.17, p<0.01, respectively), after adjusting for the same covariates. Lower rates of posttraumatic stress disorder are associated with communities with higher collective efficacy. Programs enhancing community collective efficacy may be an important part of prevention practices and possibly lead to a reduction in the rate of posttraumatic stress disorder post-disaster.","Ursano, R. J.; McKibben, J. B.A.; Reissman, D. B.; Liu, X.; Wang, L.; Sampson, R. J.; Fullerton, C. S.",,1932-6203,2,"PLoS ONE","Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; *Cyclonic Storms; *Disaster Planning; *Disasters; Female; Florida; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Probability; Regression Analysis; Residence Characteristics; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis/*epidemiology; Young Adult",,e88467,"Posttraumatic stress disorder and community collective efficacy following the 2004 Florida hurricanes",,9,2014,0,,18198,b0beccb3-8f38-4c89-b19f-268129df9188,"Journal Article",/article/10.1371/journal.pone.0088467
/reference/b0feeaed-86a7-473c-8f3f-1b258a66576b,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b0feeaed-86a7-473c-8f3f-1b258a66576b,b0feeaed-86a7-473c-8f3f-1b258a66576b,,WHO,,,,,,,,"International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD–10)",http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/ICD-10_2nd_ed_volume2.pdf,,2004,9,,18822,b0feeaed-86a7-473c-8f3f-1b258a66576b,Book,/book/international-statistical-classification-diseases-related-health-problems-10th-revision-icd-10
/reference/b10f189e-fbfa-44fc-b7b5-48966591f9ba,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b10f189e-fbfa-44fc-b7b5-48966591f9ba,b10f189e-fbfa-44fc-b7b5-48966591f9ba,,"Watkiss, Paul; Hunt, Alistair",,1573-1480,1,"Climatic Change",,,101-126,"Projection of economic impacts of climate change in sectors of Europe based on bottom up analysis: Human health",,112,2012,0,Ch2,17622,b10f189e-fbfa-44fc-b7b5-48966591f9ba,"Journal Article",/article/10.1007/s10584-011-0342-z
/reference/b12cf27a-61d1-4b92-ba42-153a411c841d,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b12cf27a-61d1-4b92-ba42-153a411c841d,b12cf27a-61d1-4b92-ba42-153a411c841d,,"Mead, Paul S.",,0891-5520,2,"Infectious Disease Clinics of North America",,,187-210,"Epidemiology of Lyme disease",,29,2015,0,,19272,b12cf27a-61d1-4b92-ba42-153a411c841d,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/j.idc.2015.02.010
/reference/b16d7a9b-9001-45a6-9728-4ca0f191dbac,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b16d7a9b-9001-45a6-9728-4ca0f191dbac,b16d7a9b-9001-45a6-9728-4ca0f191dbac,,"Converse, Reagan R.; Piehler, Michael F.; Noble, Rachel T.",,1879-2448,16,"Water Research",,,5229-5240,"Contrasts in concentrations and loads of conventional and alternative indicators of fecal contamination in coastal stormwater",,45,2011,0,,18854,b16d7a9b-9001-45a6-9728-4ca0f191dbac,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/j.watres.2011.07.029
/reference/b18cdaac-0f7f-48ef-a9b9-ec3e27006924,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b18cdaac-0f7f-48ef-a9b9-ec3e27006924,b18cdaac-0f7f-48ef-a9b9-ec3e27006924,,"Reeves, W. C.; Asman, S. M.; Hardy, J. L.; Milby, M. M.; Reisen, W. K.",,,,,,,,"Epidemiology and Control of Mosquito-Borne Arboviruses in California, 1943-1987",,,1990,9,,18348,b18cdaac-0f7f-48ef-a9b9-ec3e27006924,Book,/book/d1dc2945-01c4-47c9-b59d-b4a6ef24ef55
/reference/b1960f91-38e8-4ba1-8aca-6243531af792,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b1960f91-38e8-4ba1-8aca-6243531af792,b1960f91-38e8-4ba1-8aca-6243531af792,,"Liu, J.; Song, M.; Horton, R. M.; Hu, Y.",,1091-6490,31,"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",,,12571-12576,"Reducing spread in climate model projections of a September ice-free Arctic",,110,2013,0,Ch2,17610,b1960f91-38e8-4ba1-8aca-6243531af792,"Journal Article",/article/10.1073/pnas.1219716110
/reference/b19798fc-5edc-4ae0-8a7f-a303d1185405,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b19798fc-5edc-4ae0-8a7f-a303d1185405,b19798fc-5edc-4ae0-8a7f-a303d1185405,,"van Vuuren, Detlef P.; Kriegler, Elmar; O’Neill, Brian C.; Ebi, Kristie L.; Riahi, Keywan; Carter, Timothy R.; Edmonds, Jae; Hallegatte, Stephane; Kram, Tom; Mathur, Ritu; Winkler, Harald",,1573-1480,3,"Climatic Change",,,373-386,"A new scenario framework for climate change research: Scenario matrix architecture",,122,2014,0,Ch10,16550,b19798fc-5edc-4ae0-8a7f-a303d1185405,"Journal Article",/article/10.1007/s10584-013-0906-1
/reference/b1d1a01e-78e1-4b26-a8b4-513c43a7240c,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b1d1a01e-78e1-4b26-a8b4-513c43a7240c,b1d1a01e-78e1-4b26-a8b4-513c43a7240c,,"D'Amato, G.; Cecchi, L.",,1365-2222,8,"Clinical & Experimental Allergy",,,1264-1274,"Effects of climate change on environmental factors in respiratory allergic diseases",,38,2008,0,,19011,b1d1a01e-78e1-4b26-a8b4-513c43a7240c,"Journal Article",/article/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03033.x
/reference/b1f666b7-a2e6-42bf-8c83-e16b40262f8c,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b1f666b7-a2e6-42bf-8c83-e16b40262f8c,b1f666b7-a2e6-42bf-8c83-e16b40262f8c,,CDC,,,,,,,,"Diabetes Public Health Resource: Rate per 100 of Civilian, Noninstitutionalized Population with Diagnosed Diabetes, by Age, United States, 1980-2011",http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/prev/national/figbyage.htm,,2014,16,,18236,b1f666b7-a2e6-42bf-8c83-e16b40262f8c,"Web Page",/webpage/8d2e7fab-f1f9-4fac-a490-41a676d039d0
/reference/b20302a7-6296-46df-ac3b-31c8416359dd,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b20302a7-6296-46df-ac3b-31c8416359dd,b20302a7-6296-46df-ac3b-31c8416359dd,,"Bush, Kathleen F.; Fossani, Cheryl L.; Li, Shi; Mukherjee, Bhramar; Gronlund, Carina J.; O'Neill, Marie S.",,1660-4601,2,"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health",,,2014-2032,"Extreme precipitation and beach closures in the Great Lakes region: Evaluating risk among the elderly",,11,2014,0,,19237,b20302a7-6296-46df-ac3b-31c8416359dd,"Journal Article",/article/10.3390/ijerph110202014
/reference/b2478b30-64a8-4075-88d1-2e04fa0fecd0,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b2478b30-64a8-4075-88d1-2e04fa0fecd0,b2478b30-64a8-4075-88d1-2e04fa0fecd0,,"Brahney, J.; Ballantyne, A. P.; Sievers, C.; Neff, J. C.",,1875-9637,,"Aeolian Research",,,77-87,"Increasing Ca2+ deposition in the western US: The role of mineral aerosols",,10,2013,0,Ch7,17571,b2478b30-64a8-4075-88d1-2e04fa0fecd0,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/j.aeolia.2013.04.003
/reference/b27bf60e-d34a-4b8f-b2e2-71ccd0839704,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b27bf60e-d34a-4b8f-b2e2-71ccd0839704,b27bf60e-d34a-4b8f-b2e2-71ccd0839704,,"Cannon, Susan H.; Gartner, Joseph E.; Wilson, Raymond C.; Bowers, James C.; Laber, Jayme L.",,1872-695X,3-4,Geomorphology,,,250-269,"Storm rainfall conditions for floods and debris flows from recently burned areas in southwestern Colorado and southern California",,96,2008,0,Ch7,17769,b27bf60e-d34a-4b8f-b2e2-71ccd0839704,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.03.019
/reference/b2c1fa72-8eb0-4983-9281-331db52c5b8e,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b2c1fa72-8eb0-4983-9281-331db52c5b8e,b2c1fa72-8eb0-4983-9281-331db52c5b8e,,USGS,,,,,,,,"USGS Water Resources: 07010000 Mississippi River at St. Louis, MO",http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/inventory?agency_code=USGS&site_no=07010000,,2015,48,,18315,b2c1fa72-8eb0-4983-9281-331db52c5b8e,"Online Multimedia",/dataset/usgs-07010000
/reference/b2d84a9f-08d8-4ea9-a2a7-cef119cc41bb,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b2d84a9f-08d8-4ea9-a2a7-cef119cc41bb,b2d84a9f-08d8-4ea9-a2a7-cef119cc41bb,,"Ezzati, Majid; Lopez, Alan D.; Rodgers, Anthony; Vander Hoorn, Stephen; Murray, Christopher J. L.",,1474-547X,9343,"The Lancet",,,1347-1360,"Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden of disease",,360,2002,0,,18296,b2d84a9f-08d8-4ea9-a2a7-cef119cc41bb,"Journal Article",/article/10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11403-6
/reference/b2ecd523-a160-4c51-8a7f-48249a3e707c,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b2ecd523-a160-4c51-8a7f-48249a3e707c,b2ecd523-a160-4c51-8a7f-48249a3e707c,"Objectives. We estimated the effects of snowfalls on US traffic crash rates between 1975 and 2000. Methods. We linked all recorded fatal crashes (1.4 million) for the 48 contiguous states from 1975 through 2000 to daily state weather data. For a subsample including 17 states during the 1990s, we also linked all recorded property-damage-only crashes (22.9 million) and nonfatal-injury crashes (13.5 million) to daily weather data. Employing negative binomial regressions, we investigated the effects of snowfall on crash counts. Fixed effects and other controls were included to address potential confounders. Results. Snow days had fewer fatal crashes than dry days (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.90, 0.97), but more nonfatal-injury crashes (IRR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.18, 1.29) and property-damage-only crashes (IRR=1.45; 95% CI=1.38, 1.52). The first snowy day of the year was substantially more dangerous than other snow days in terms of fatalities (IRR = 1.14; 95% CI=1.08, 1.21), particularly for elderly drivers (IRR=1.34; 95% CI=1.23, 1.50). Conclusions. The toll of snow-related crashes is substantial. Our results may help estimate the potential benefits of safety innovations currently proposed by meteorology and traffic safety experts.","Eisenberg, Daniel; Warner, Kenneth E.",08/08/accepted,1541-0048,1,"American Journal of Public Health",,,120-124,"Effects of snowfalls on motor vehicle collisions, injuries, and fatalities",,95,2005,0,,19003,b2ecd523-a160-4c51-8a7f-48249a3e707c,"Journal Article",/article/10.2105/AJPH.2004.048926
/reference/b2f32879-6a7c-4f28-b53e-4e04a8aa0b1e,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b2f32879-6a7c-4f28-b53e-4e04a8aa0b1e,b2f32879-6a7c-4f28-b53e-4e04a8aa0b1e,,"Bradbury, Kenneth R.; Borchardt, Mark A.; Gotkowitz, Madeline; Spencer, Susan K.; Zhu, Jun; Hunt, Randall J.",,1520-5851,9,"Environmental Science & Technology",,,4096-4103,"Source and transport of human enteric viruses in deep municipal water supply wells",,47,2013,0,,18856,b2f32879-6a7c-4f28-b53e-4e04a8aa0b1e,"Journal Article",/article/10.1021/es400509b
/reference/b301189b-8b4d-4133-b416-a2c0a927e5ed,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b301189b-8b4d-4133-b416-a2c0a927e5ed,b301189b-8b4d-4133-b416-a2c0a927e5ed,,"Banks, Donice M.; Weems, Carl F.",,1939-0025,4,"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry",,,341-352,"Family and peer social support and their links to psychological distress among hurricane-exposed minority youth",,84,2014,0,Ch8,16354,b301189b-8b4d-4133-b416-a2c0a927e5ed,"Journal Article",/article/10.1037/ort0000006
/reference/b33a1767-eafa-4c24-a1a3-001ba39eb319,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b33a1767-eafa-4c24-a1a3-001ba39eb319,b33a1767-eafa-4c24-a1a3-001ba39eb319,,"Neu, J. L.; Prather, M. J.",,1680-7324,7,"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics",,,3289-3310,"Toward a more physical representation of precipitation scavenging in global chemistry models: Cloud overlap and ice physics and their impact on tropospheric ozone",,12,2012,0,Ch7,16329,b33a1767-eafa-4c24-a1a3-001ba39eb319,"Journal Article",/article/10.5194/acp-12-3289-2012
/reference/b34f08d0-0c2b-4265-b3c1-1cd9aeb2d9d2,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b34f08d0-0c2b-4265-b3c1-1cd9aeb2d9d2,b34f08d0-0c2b-4265-b3c1-1cd9aeb2d9d2,,"Lipp, Erin K.; Rodriguez-Palacios, Cesar; Rose, Joan B.",,,,,,,165-173,"Occurrence and distribution of the human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus in a subtropical Gulf of Mexico estuary",,,2001,7,,18860,b34f08d0-0c2b-4265-b3c1-1cd9aeb2d9d2,"Book Section",/book/d78b0707-bf0b-4712-b262-345eed5c8c1d
/reference/b35f1b61-932d-4305-842e-9d6473d0823f,https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/b35f1b61-932d-4305-842e-9d6473d0823f,b35f1b61-932d-4305-842e-9d6473d0823f,"In the absence of a vaccine for use in humans against West Nile virus (WNV), mosquito control and personal protection against mosquito bites are the only measures available to prevent disease. Improved spatial targeting is desirable for costly mosquito and WNV surveillance and control schemes. We used a multivariate regression modeling approach to develop spatial models predicting high risk of exposure to WNV in western and eastern Colorado based on associations between Geographic Information System-derived environmental data and zip code of residence for 3,659 human WNV disease cases from 2002 to 2006. Models were robust, with user accuracies for correct classification of high risk areas of 67-80%. The importance of selecting a suitable model development area in an ecologically and climatically diverse environment was shown by models based on data from the eastern plains landscape performing poorly in the mountainous western part of Colorado and vice versa.","Winters, A. M.; Eisen, R. J.; Lozano-Fuentes, S.; Moore, C. G.; Pape, W. J.; Eisen, L.",Oct,0002-9637,4,"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","Colorado/epidemiology; Humans; Incidence; Logistic Models; Mosquito Control; Multivariate Analysis; Risk; Temperature; Time Factors; West Nile Fever/*epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control",,581-590,"Predictive spatial models for risk of West Nile virus exposure in eastern and western Colorado",http://www.ajtmh.org/content/79/4/581.full.pdf+html,79,2008,0,,18045,b35f1b61-932d-4305-842e-9d6473d0823f,"Journal Article",/article/predictive-spatial-models-risk-west-nile-virus-exposure-eastern